中考英语语法专题十一：状语从句学案

中考语法专题十一：状语从句

状语从句

状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。

1. 时间状语从句

(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：

It was raining hard（rain hard 下大雨） when got to school yesterday.

While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.

As he walked along（沿着走） the lake, he sang happily.

He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.

After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.

(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：

I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.

I will tell him everything when he comes back.

He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.

(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：

The young man read till the light went out（熄灭）.

Let’s wait until the rain stops.

  We won’t start until Bob comes.

  Don’t get off（从下来） until the bus stops.

2. 条件状语从句

(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如：

What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?

Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.

(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：

I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow.

He won’t be late unless he is ill.

(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：

Hurry up, or you’ll be late. =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.

Study hard and you will pass the exam.

=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

3. 原因状语从句

(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如：

He didn’t come to school because he was ill.

As it is raining, we shall not （不得；不应该）go the zoo.

Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.

(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：

------Why aren’t going there?

------Because I don’t want to.

As he has no car, he can’t get there easily.

Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.

(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。

4. 结果状语从句

(1)结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that引导。例如：

He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.

She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.

My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it.

(2)so…that语such...that可以互换。例如：

在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例如：

He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.

The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.

Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever（几乎不，从来不） see her.

在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，

such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，

也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。

如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。

例如：

It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.

He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.（天花板）

He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.

有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。

例如：

It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.

=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.

It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.

=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.

(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。例如：

Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.

He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema（去看电影） with you.

5. 比较状语从句

比较状语从句通常由as…as, 比较级 + than…等连词引导。例如：

Tom runs faster than John does.

This classroom is as big as that one.

6. 目的状语从句

(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that（为了，以便）引导。例如：

We started early so that we could catch the first train.

He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.

We used the computer in order that we might save time.

(2) so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。

区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：

Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)

Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest.        (结果状语从句)

7. 让步状语从句

(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如：

Though he is young, he knows a lot.

Although I am tired, I must go on working.

(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如：

我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.

应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.

或It was raining hard, but he still went out.

8. 地点状语从句

     地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：

     Go where you like.

     Where there is a will, there is a way.

总结：状语从句分类及常用连词：

类别　　　　　　　　连　　　　词

时间状语从句　　when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till

地点状语从句　　where, wherever

原因状语从句　　because, since, as, for, now that（既然，由于）etc.

目的状语从句　　in order that(为了，以便), so that, that, etc.

结果状语从句　　so…that, so that, such…that, that, etc.

条件状语从句　　if, unless, as(so)long as, etc.

让步状语从句　　though, although, even if, even though, however,

比较状语从句　　as…as, so…as, than,

用when , while ,as soon as, not…until 填空

1. The car hit the man _______ he was crossing the road.

2. I’ll tell you the good news_______ I get there.

3. He ______ go to bed _______11o’clock last night.

4. The accident happened _______  I  was on my way to work.

5. Sports build the body______ reading builds the mind.

6. I used to be rather quite_______  I  was young.

2）、用because, since, so… that, if填空

1.______ we’re young, we shouldn’t be too afraid of making mistakes.

2. The weather was ______ nice ______ i spent the whole day in the park.

3. He couldn’t come to your party______ he was ill.

4.______ were you, i would wear that earrings.

用所给词的适当形式填空：

1.Now the days are getting longer and ___________(long);

2.Let’s go _________ (sail), shall we?

3.Be sure __________ (arrive) here on time.

4.It may ___________(be) rainy here.

5.I have many ____________(hobby). What about you?

6.The little girl dreams of __________(fly).

7.She is an excellent __________(perform).

8.They make me __________（finish）the job.

9.He used to __________(have) much money.

10.Sometimes he ________(play) with the dog.