中考英语语法专题八： The passive voice 被动语态学案

中考语法专题八： The passive voice 被动语态

（一）语态分类：主动态和被动态两种。

（二） 

主动语态与被动语态的概念：

语态 ---- 说明主语和谓语之间的关系

英语动词的语态有两种：⑴主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者

⑵被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者(常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用)

  例：They   speak   English.        （主动语态）

        主     谓     宾

English  is spoken  by them.     （被动语态）

 主语   谓语     介词短语

注：☆及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。

 例：⑴We listen to the teacher carefully  in class.

主   谓      宾

→The teacher is listened to by us   carefully  in class.

    主语   谓语  介词短语

⑵Ｗe laughed at him .

  →He was laughed at by us.

（三）被动语态的构成：be + P. P. (动词过去分词)

（四）动词过去分词

1、规则动词过去分词变化规律：

1）一般情况，在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked

2）以不发音字母e结尾动词加d，如：taste-tasted

3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾动词，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied

4）双写情况。（重读闭音节且结尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写末尾的辅音字

母，再加-ed）如：stop-stopped

2、不规则动词过去分词（P113）

（五）各种时态的被动语态

   1. 一般现在时：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词

2. 一般过去时：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词

3. 一般将来时：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

4. 含有情态动词：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

5. 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词

（六）主动语态变被动语态的方法

  My aunt   invited   me   to her dinner party.

执行者   动词   承受者

→   I      was invited  (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.

承受者     谓语      by+执行者

1、把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。

2、把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 动词的过去分词 。

3、by+执行者，短语可以省略。

（七）主动语态变被动语态要注意：时态保持一致、主谓一致。

1、Tom decorated the room with flowers yesterday.

   The room was decorated with flowers yesterday.

2、Nancy sent many letters two days ago.

       Many letters were sent by Nancy two days ago.

（八）不能使用被动语态的情况

1、不及物动词，如：happen,appear,disappear,take place...

       A traffic accident happened just now.  刚才发生了交通事故。

3、连系动词，如：feel，sound，smell，taste，become...

       The song sounds beautiful.  这首歌听起来很优美。

　                                    Exercise

写出下列动词的过去分词

do→_______；   see→_______；   say→_______；  give→_______； be→_______；   get→_______；    go→_______；    come→_______；  take→_______；  have/has→_______；play→_______；  worry→_______； ask→_______；  taste→_______；  

用动词的正确语态填空

1. English                  (speak) the most widely in the world.

2. A piano concert                   (give) here last Friday.

3. The town                   (call) Rugao.

4. What _____ a knife ______ (make) of?  It                  (make) of metal and wood.

5. The room                    (clean) by Mum already. You don’t need to clean it.

6. The cinema                  (build) in the center of the city now.

7. A beautiful movie                  (play) at nine yesterday night.

单项选择

（      ）1. The lab ____ about five years ago.

1. was builded       B. was built      

 C. builds       D. has been built

（      ）2. A lot of tall buildings _____ in his hometown last years.

       A. have set up                   B. have been set up  

       C. were set up      D. set up

（      ）3.Rice ___ also _____ in their hometown.

1. is…grown        B. is…grew       

C. was…grew     D. was…grown

（      ）4.The picture______  in October, 1996.

1. was taking        B. had been taken  

C. was taken     D. had taken

（      ）5.We can't use the bridge now, because it______ .

1. has been repaired     B. is repairing    

C. is repaired    D. is being repaired

（      ）6.We can't enter the room because its door______ .

1. locked           B. locks           

C. is locked      D. is locking

（      ）7.Mary's radio ______ by my brother just now.

1. will be mended    B. has mended      

C. was mended  D. mended

（      ）8.The glass ______ . It _____ by little Tom this morning.

       A. broke, is broken       B. is broken, was broken

       C. was broken, broke       D. has been broken, broken

（      ）9.The Great Wall ______ all over the world.

1. knows    B. knew   

C. is known    D. was known

（      ）10.You can go out if your homework ______.

1. is done           B. will do         

C. will be done      D. are finished

把下列句子改写成被动语态
1.They make machines in that factory.

2. My mother told  a story last night.

3. Kate is feeding the chicken at the moment.

4. David was reading a book while we were visiting him.

5. They  put out the forest fire last week.