现在完成时（含练习题）学案

这是一份现在完成时（含练习题）学案，共6页。

二．句型：
否定句： 主语+have/has+nt+过去分词+其他.
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.
简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)
N, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)
三．用法
（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
e.g.I have spent all f my mney (s far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Gu Zijun has (just/already) cme. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)
My father has gne t wrk.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)
（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与fr（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.
①fr+时段
②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）
③since+时段+ag
④since+从句（过去时）
⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）
has been ill fr three days.
I have lived here since 1998.

四．has gne (t),has been (t), has been (in) 的区别
Have/Has gne(t) :去了(现在不在说话现场)
is yur father？He has gne t Shanghai.
Have/Has been (t) :去过（已不在去过的地方）
father has been t Shanghai.
Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）
father has been in Shanghai fr tw mnths. /since tw mnths ag.
现在完成时的标志
1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:
* 以already, just和yet为标志
has already gt her help. 他已得到她的帮助。
He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。
He hasn't cme back yet. 他还没有回来。
* 以ever和never为标志
is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
He has never been t Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。
* 以动作发生的次数为标志
says he has been t the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。
* 以s far（到目前为止）为标+befre
has gt t Beijing s far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。
She has passed the exams far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。
2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。
* ①fr+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（过去 从句）为标志
注意： 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday,last week, three years ag 等; 2)不能与when连用 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
七．瞬间动词（buy,die,jin,cme，g ,leave,jin ……）不能直接与fr since 连用。要改变动词
buy----have brrw -----keep cme/arrive/reach/get t-----be in g ut----be ut
leave ----be away begin-----be n finish----be ver pen----be pen clse -----be clsed
die----be dead
★1.have代替buy
My brther has had(不能用has bught) this bike fr almst fur years.
★2、用keep或have代替brrw
I have kept(不能用have brrwed) the bk fr quite a few days.
★3、用be替代becme
Hw lng has yur sister been a teacher?
★4、用have a cld代替catch a cld
Tm has had a cld since the day befre yesterday.
★5、用wear代替put n
b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词
1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gne代lse,die,sell,leave
7、be＋pen代pen 8、be clsed代clse/shut
9、be＋missing(gne,lst)代lse
c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词
1“be＋n”代start,begin 2“be＋up”代get up
3“be＋back(t)”代return t,cme back t,g back t
4“be here (there)”代cme(arrive,reach,get) here或g (arrive,reach,get) there等等
d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“be in/at +地点”代替g t /cme t
2.用be in the army 代替jin the army
3.“be in/at +地点”代替mve t
精讲精练

一．用never, ever, already, just, yet, fr, since填空
1. I have _______ seen him befre, s I have n idea abut him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his hmewrk.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this schl ________ ten years.
4. “Have yu ________ seen the film?” “N, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
6. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year befre last.
7. I’ve knwn him ______ we were children.
8. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years.
9. She has been away frm the city ______ abut ten years.
10. It’s abut ten years __________ she left the city.
二．用since和fr填空
1) ______ tw years 2) _______ tw years ag 3) _______ last mnth
4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 ’clck
7) ______ 4 hurs 8) _______ an hur ag 9) _______ we were children
10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here
三．这一次，要挑战满分哟
1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year befre last.
2. I’ve knwn him __________ we were children.
3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
4. She has been away frm the city ___________ abut ten years.
5. It’s abut ten years __________ she left the city.
四．学以致用，活学活用
1、We ______ Xia Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. knw Ｂ. had knwn Ｃ. have knwn Ｄ. knew
2、Harry Ptter is a very nice film. I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
3、—______ yu ___ yur hmewrk yet ?
—Yes. I _____ it a mment ag.
Ａ. Did; d; finished Ｂ. Have; dne; finished
Ｃ. Have; dne; have finished Ｄ. will; d; finish
4、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. jined Ｂ. has jined Ｃ. was in D. has been in
5、—D yu knw him well ?
—Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ag .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have becme Ｄ. have mad
6—Hw lng have yu ____ here ?
—Abut tw mnths.
Ａ. been Ｂ. gne Ｃ. cme Ｄ. arrived
7、Hurry up! The play __________ fr ten minutes.
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been n Ｄ. Began
8、 Miss Green isn't in the ffice. she _______ t the library.
Ａ. has gne Ｂ. went Ｃ.will g Ｄ. has been
9、My parents ______ Shandng fr ten years.
Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been t
Ｃ. have gne t Ｄ. have been
句子转变
He gt t Beijing five minutes ag.
He _________ _________ _________ Beijing fr ________ __________.
The shp clsed tw hurs ag.
The shp _______ _________ ____________ fr _______ __________.
The dr pened six hurs ag.
The dr ________ _________ __________ fr six hurs.
He left Shenzhen five minutes ag.
He ________ ____________ ___________ ________ Shenzhen fr five minutes.
My grandpa died ten years ag.
My grandpa ______ _________ __________ fr ______ __________.
They brrwed it last week.
They _______ ___________ it since ________ ___________.
I bught a pen tw hurs ag.
I _________ ___________ a pen fr _________ ____________.
He went t Beijing tw days ag.
He _________ __________ __________ Beijing fr tw days.
9. My brther jined the army tw years ag.
My brther ______ __________ in _______ __________ fr tw years.