14 主谓一致-2020-2021学年高中英语语法记忆框架版（精编）

主 谓 一 致一、主谓一致的定义及原则    主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致叫作主谓一致。主谓一致遵循三个基本原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近原则。 （一）语法一致   指主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式，主语为复数，则谓语动词也用复数，如：He is a boy.他是一名男孩。They are boys.他们是男孩。 （二）意义一致   指主语形式上是单数，但表达的却是复数意义，那么谓语动词要用复数形式，或主语形式上是复数形式但却表达单数意义，则谓语动词也采用单数形式，如：Cattle feed on grass.牛以草为生。Physics is difficult to learn.物理很难学。 （三）就近一致   指谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定：There is a book，two pens and three pencil-boxes on the desk.书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三个铅笔盒。There are two pens，a book and three pencil-boxes on the table. 二、主谓一致的应用1.谓语动词用单数形式的情况①可数名词单数及不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数：The ball is under the desk.球在书桌下。The water is very hot.水很热。②more than one +单数名词+单数动词；more +复数名词+than one +复数动词。如：  More than one shop was stolen last night.  昨天晚上，不止一家商店被盗。③“a +单数名词+ or two”作主语，谓语用单数，如：  A student or two has failed the exam.  一两个学生考试不及格。④“many a +单数名词”作主语，谓语用单数，如：  Many a student was late for school this morning.  今天早晨，许多学生上学迟到了。⑤以-s结尾的单数名词作主语，谓语用单数，如：news, politics , physics , maths, gymnastics等,以及书名、戏剧名、报纸及国家的名称等的复数名词，如：  The news is true.这个消息是真的。  The United States is a large country.美国是一个大国。⑥no(each, every, many a) +单数名词+ and +no (each , every, many a) +单数名词作主语，谓语用单数：  Many a boy and many a girl has handed in their books.  许多男孩和女孩已经上交了书。  Every boy and every girl likes the film star.  所有的男孩和所有的女孩都喜欢这个电影明星。 ★Every boy and girl was invited.    所有的男孩和女孩都请了。⑦a kind of/a sort of/a type of/a series of +名词作主语时，谓语用单数，如：  This kind of car is made in Harbin.  这种小车是哈尔滨生产的。  A new series of reading for children has been published.  一套新的儿童读物出版了。⑧复合不定代词如anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, something, no one, nobody, nothing等作主语，谓语用单数：  Everybody likes his poems.所有的人都喜欢他的诗。⑨each, either, neither, another, (a) little或much作主语或修饰主语时，谓语用单数，如：  Much of what you say is true.你所说的许多话是真的。  Neither answer is correct.两个答案一个都不对。⑩时间、距离、价格、度量衡的复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数，如：  Ten miles isn't a long distance.十英里并非一段很长的距离。⑾运算数词作主语，谓语用单数，如：  Five minus four is one.五减四等于一。  Seven times four makes twenty-eight.七乘四等于二十八。  Two and two is /are four.二加二等于四。⑿两个单数名词用and连接表示一个概念或不可分的整体作主语时，谓语用单数，如：war and peace战争与和平,iron and steel钢铁，truth and honesty真诚，a watch and chain一块带链的表，a needle and thread一套针线  Bread and butter is their daily food.  奶油面包是他们的日常食物。⒀主语从句、动词不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语用单数。  When and how to do it is a problem.  什么时候怎样做仍是一个问题。  Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 ★但当what引导的主语从句表复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式，如：  What the boy wanted are some books.    这个男孩想要的是几本书。⒁关系代词在定于从句中作主语时，从句谓语的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。尤其要注意one of+复数名词后的定语从句的谓语用复数；the only/very one of+复数名词后的定语从句的谓语用单数。Tom is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.Tom is one of the students who have passed the exam.注意 几种特殊情况1）“one or two +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon.昨天下午有一两个学生在植树。2）时间、距离、价格、度量衡的复数名词作主语，若强调若干个个别单位而非整体概念，谓语动词可用复数。这时多与pass, go by, waste, use, spend等词连用。  Five years have passed since I joined the Party. 我入党五年了。3）两个或两个以上的主语从句、动词不定式、动名词作主语，表示复数概念或意义时，谓动用复数。  What he says and what he does don't agree.  他所说的和他所做的不一致。  Swimming in summer and skating in winter are his greatest pleasure. 夏天游泳，冬天滑冰是他最大的乐趣。2.谓语动词用复数形式的情况。①集合名词，如people, police, cattle, crew等作主语时，谓语一般用复数，如：The police have caught the thief.警察抓住了小偷。People are enjoying themselves over there. 人们在那儿玩得开心。有的集合名词如family, class, crowd, team, group等，强调整体时谓语用单数，强调其中的成员时谓语用复数：His family is rich.他家很富有。（指整体）His family are all music lovers. 他家都是音乐爱好者。（指成员）②由两部分构成的物体的复数名词作主语，谓语用复数，如：shoes, trousers, jeans, gloves, glasses, scissors等。His trousers are of good quality.他的裤子质量很好。My shoes are under the bed.我的鞋在床下。 注意 当这类名词前有“量词+ of”来修饰时，谓动由量词单复数决定：A pair of shoes is under the bed.床底下有一双鞋。③两个单数名词用and或both... and连接，指一个人的双重身份时，前一名词有冠词后一名词无冠词。作主语时谓语用单数。当指两个人，前后两个名词前都有冠词。作主语时谓语用复数。The writer and the poem come from the same place.这位作家和这位诗人来自同一个地方。Both rice and wheat are grown in the place.这地方种植水稻和小麦。④“the+形容词／过去分词／现在分词”结构作主语时，谓语用复数形式。  The wounded have been taken good care of.  伤者得到了很好的照顾。  The poor are to be helped.穷人应当受到帮助。 ★当这一结构指抽象概念，则谓语用单数。  The beautiful brings us happiness.美的东西给人带来快乐。⑤两个形容词共同修饰一个单数名词时，若两个形容词前都有冠词，作主语时谓语用复数。  The red and the white coat are mine.  那件红色上衣和那件白色上衣是我的。如果两个形容词只有一个冠词，表示一个人或物，作主语时谓语用单数，如：  The black and white cow is mine.  这头黑白花奶牛是我的。 三、就近一致的情况1)在下列短语连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词要同与其最近的主语保持一致：either···or, neither···nor, not only···but also···, not···but···等。  Either he or I am right.或者他或者我是正确的。  Neither I nor he is right.我和他都没对。  Not only Tom but also his parents are interested in the computer game.   不只汤姆，连他的父母也对电脑游戏感兴趣。2) There be+并列主语，be的形式同其最近的主语保持一致。  There is a bed and two chairs in the room.注意“主语+ with/along with/together with/as well as/ besides/like/without/except/but/including/not...+谓语”结构中，谓语动词的人称和数由主语决定，如：The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees on the hill.Mary, like many girls, loves dancing.All the students, including Tom, are leaving.No one except（but）Tom knows about it. 四、不定代词all/more/most/some/any/none(+of+名词)作主语时谓语动词视主语含义而定。All of the apples are rotten. “all + 复数名词”表“所有的”All of the apple is rotten. “all + 单数名词”表“整个的”None of the money is left.没有余钱了。None of the students were there.没有学生在那儿。 五、“the rest of / half of / part of / majority of / percent of / one third of +名词”，谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致Half of the students have finished their compositions.一半的学生写完作文了。Half of the fruit is bad.一半的水果坏了。About 60 percent of the students in our school are boys.我校大约60%的学生是男孩。About 60 percent of the work is done.大约这项工作的60%被做了。 六、“a lot of( lots of) / plenty of / a large quantity of +名词”，谓语根据短语后面的名词的数而定A lot of film stars were present at the meeting.许多影星出席了会议。A lot of money has been saved.节约了许多钱。 七、“a great deal of/a good deal of / a large amount of +不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数A great deal of water is wasted.许多水被浪费了。 八、“a (good/great) number of/a group of/a variety of +名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数，“the number of / the variety of+名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数，“amounts of / quantities of + 不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数  A number of books are lent out from the library every day.  每天有许多书从图书馆被借走。  The number of the people present is not known.  出席人数尚不知道。 九、有些名词，单、复数同形，作主语时，其谓语动词按上下文意义定。表示单数意义用单数动词，表示复数意义用复数动词  这一类名词常用的有：means, works（工厂）, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。  Not every means is useful .不是每种方法都有用。  Not all means are useful.不是所有的方法都有用。  There is a chemical works near the river.河边有家化工厂。 十、none, neither作主语，谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数（用复数多出现于口语）：  None of us has/have ever been to Beijing.  我们谁都没去过北京。  Neither of the books is/are of any use to him.  两本书他都用不着。