2021届高考核心考点十分钟基础题速练：　单句语法填空＋阅读理解

这是一份2021届高考核心考点十分钟基础题速练：　单句语法填空＋阅读理解，共3页。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(非谓语动词Ⅰ)
1．The child ________ (play) ver there is my brther.
2．It can be cheaper t buy a new washing machine than t get yur ld ne ________ (repair)．
3．After driving all night we gt t Amy's place, nly ________ (discver) that she was away.
4．Tm is very upset. Hw I regret ________ (tell) him the disappinting news!
5．Life is like riding a bicycle. ________ (keep) yur balance, yu must keep mving.
6．Children abve 16 are encuraged t take part in these utdr recreatinal and sprts activities specially ________ (design) fr them.
7．Mre than 2 millin freign turists are expected t visit the US by the end f the year, ________ (cntribute) a lt t the US ecnmy.
8．Drivers are nt the nly nes ________ (blame) fr the irrespnsibility that accunts fr many f the autmbile accidents.
9．Many peple think any gvernment's wrk shuld be evaluated ________ (base) n citizens' happiness level.
10．Guests ________ (invite) t this internatinal meeting are mainly schlars, pliticians, and representatives f internatinal rganizatins.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins (份), it's the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the researchers cnducted tw experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate wmen were individually invited int a lab t stensibly (表面上) participate in a study abut mvie viewership. Befre the film began, each wman was asked t help herself t a snack. An actr hired by the researchers grabbed her fd first. In her natural state, the actr weighed 105 punds. But in half the cases she wre a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight t 180 punds.
Bth the fat and thin versins f the actr tk a large amunt f fd. The participants fllwed suit, taking mre fd than they nrmally wuld have. Hwever, they tk significantly mre when the actr was thin.
Fr the secnd test, in ne case the thin actr tk tw pieces f candy frm the snack bwls. In the ther case, she tk 30 pieces. The results were similar t the first test: the participants fllwed suit but tk significantly mre candy when the thin actr tk 30 pieces.
The tests shw that the scial envirnment is extremely influential when we're making decisins. If this fellw participant is ging t eat mre, s will I. Call it the “I'll have what she's having” effect. Hwever, we'll adjust the influence. If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I'll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I'll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
1．What is the recent study mainly abut?
A．Fd safety. B．Mvie viewership.
C．Cnsumer demand. D．Eating behavir.
2．What des the underlined wrd “beanples” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A．Big eaters. B．Overweight persns.
C．Picky eaters. D．Tall thin persns.
3．Why did the researchers hire the actr?
A．T see hw she wuld affect the participants.
B．T test if the participants culd recgnize her.
C．T find ut what she wuld d in the tw tests.
D．T study why she culd keep her weight dwn.
4．On what basis d we “adjust the influence” accrding t the last paragraph?
A．Hw hungry we are.
B．Hw slim we want t be.
C．Hw we perceive thers.
D．Hw we feel abut the fd.
B
The by sat n his chair, with his hand n the keybard. He thught abut what t write.
He recalled that the cmpetitin deadline was merely a week away. But he still had nt even started n his piece. He lked at the brchure again. “WRITING COMPETITION！” the title read. His mm had encuraged him t enter the writing cmpetitin, and he was taking it n as his persnal task fr the hlidays.
As the by reflected n his previus effrts at writing, he realized hw hpeless his task f winning was. Every stry he ever wrte was based n ther stries. He had little imaginatin, and unfrtunately, imaginatin was the key t writing.
Suddenly, he had a brainwave. This time, he came up with an riginal and imaginative stry.
The wrds sht tward him like a strm f leaves. Wrds were cming easily, flwing thrugh him, faster than his speed f typing. He typed faster than he ever had befre. He cntinued t type, amazed at hw easy writing this stry was. The by culd nt stp writing. He lked at the wrd cunt and saw the number “248” staring right back at him. He was nt even halfway yet.
Then he heard the call f his mther, saying it was time fr bed. He cntinued writing the piece, ignring her. He had t make up fr the time he had lst thinking abut a tpic t write.
Finally, he finished. The wrd cunt nw read “498”．
“Perfect，” he thught, “just under the wrd limit.” He knew this was the stry that wuld win.
He went nt Ggle and searched fr the cmpetitin. He fund the page but there was n “Enter” buttn.
5．What caused the by t take part in the writing cmpetitin?
A．A new cmputer. B．The prize mney.
C．His wn interest. D．His mm's advice.
6．Hw did the by finish his earlier writing?
A．His mm helped him. B．He cpied thers' ideas.
C．His friends assisted him. D．He used his imaginatin.
7．Why did the by delay his writing?
A．He was terribly lazy. B．He didn't knw what t write.
C．He wasn't cnfident. D．He read t many stries.
8．Which might be the maximum wrd limit fr each entry?
A．100. B．250.
C．500. D．1,000.
黄金考点
语法填空——名词
参考答案
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(非谓语动词Ⅰ)
1．答案与解析：playing The child与play之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故应用现在分词形式作后置定语。
2．答案与解析：repaired 买一个新的洗衣机可能要比修好你的旧洗衣机更便宜。get sth.dne“使……被……”，故用repaired。
3．答案与解析：t discver 开了一整夜的车之后我们到达了Amy家，结果却发现她不在。此处为nly＋t d的用法，表示一种出乎意料的结果，常翻译为“结果(却)……”。
4．答案与解析：telling/having tld regret ding/having dne sth.意为“后悔做过某事”；并且I与tell之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填telling/having tld。
5．答案与解析：T keep 生活就像骑自行车。想要保持平衡，你必须不断前行。根据句意可知，空处应用动词不定式表目的。
6．答案与解析：designed 我们鼓励十六岁以上的孩子参加这些专为他们设计的户外文体活动。design与activities之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用designed作后置定语。
7．答案与解析：cntributing 根据句意可知，逗号后的内容是逗号前的内容的一种自然结果，cntribute与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，故应用现在分词形式作结果状语。
8．答案与解析：t blame 此处为(be) t blame (fr sth.)结构，表示“该(因……)受责备，应(为……)承担责任”。
9．答案与解析：based 很多人认为政府的任何工作都应该以市民的幸福水平为基础来评价。________ n citizens' happiness level在句中作方式状语，base和gvernment's wrk为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。
10．答案与解析：invited 受邀参加这次国际会议的宾客主要是学者、从政者和国际组织代表。分析句子结构可知，Guests与invite之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填invited。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主题语境为人与自我，主题语境内容为生活方式。到底和胖人一块用餐吃得多还是和瘦人一块用餐吃得多呢？本文旨在培养学生养成良好的饮食习惯，保持身体健康。
1．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。本题题干意为：最近这项研究主要是关于什么的？根据文章第一句话“根据《消费者研究杂志》上的一项最新研究，和我们一块用餐的同伴的体型和吃饭习惯都会影响我们的食物的摄入量”可知这项研究是关于我们的饮食行为的。故选D项。A：食品安全；B：电影观众类型；C：消费者需求。
2．答案与解析：D 词义猜测题。本题题干意为：第一段中画线单词“beanples”指的是什么？画线单词所在的句子表示：现有的研究成果认为你应该避免和那些较重的要大份饭菜的人一块用餐，与此相反的是你需要真正避开那些瘦高个且饭量大的人。画线单词与前面的heavier peple相反，故选D项。A：大胃王；B：超重的人；C：吃饭挑剔的人。
3．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。本题题干意为：研究人员为什么雇用这位演员？作者在第二、三、四段描述了研究人员雇用这位演员和那些参与者做的两个测试，发现这位演员的饮食摄入量都会影响参与者的饮食量。由此推断出雇用她的目的就是测试她是如何影响参与者的。故选A项。B：测试一下参与者是否能认出她；C：为了弄明白她会在这两次测试中做什么。D：研究她为什么能够保持体重下降。
4．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。本题题干意为：根据最后一段，我们在什么基础上“调整这种影响”？根据最后一段第二、三句话(如果这个同伴吃得多，我也要吃得多。我们称之为“我要有她有的东西”效应)推断出我们要想调整这种影响，就是要调整我们如何看待别人。故选C项。A：我们到底有多饿；B：我们想要自己有多苗条；D：我们对食物的感觉。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。一个男孩在妈妈的建议下参加了写作比赛。一开始他不知道写些什么，后来有了创作的灵感，文章一气呵成。
5．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中His mm had encuraged him t enter the writing cmpetitin可知，是他的妈妈鼓励他参加写作比赛，故D项正确。
6．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Every stry he ever wrte was based n ther stries. He had little imaginatin, and unfrtunately, imaginatin was the key t writing.”可知，他以前写的每一个故事都是以其他故事为基础的。由此推断，这个男孩是模仿了别人的故事，来完成他之前的写作的，故B项正确。
7．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据前四段内容可知，男孩不知道该写什么，所以迟迟没有动笔。故B项正确。
8．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Finally, he finished. The wrd cunt nw read 498.”以及倒数第二段中的“‘Perfect，’he thught，‘just under the wrd limit.’”可知。他写了498个词，刚好在字数限制内，由此可知，每篇参赛作品的词数限制是500词，故C项正确。
说明文
320词
★★☆☆☆
记叙文
300词
★★☆☆☆
考点12
名词作介词宾语
考例
Filled with ________ (curius), the artist packed his bags and left.
点拨
填curisity，充当介词with的宾语。
考点13
名词作表语
考例
Chinese New Year is a ________ (celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f the spring.
点拨
中国新年是一个标志着冬季结束和春季开始的庆祝活动。空前的冠词a是名词作表语的标志，故填celebratin。