2021届高考核心考点十分钟基础题速练：单句改错＋阅读理解

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2021届高考核心考点十分钟基础题速练：单句改错＋阅读理解
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Ⅰ.单句改错(定语从句和状语从句)
1．Before I could say anything, she smiled at me and said she wanted to take me to another place where was special to her.________________
2．But there are some among us which are ready to give up when they come to a hard example in mathematics.________________
3．The original hamburger can be traced back to the middle ages, which Russians ate raw meat that was cut into small pieces and formed into a small round flat shape.________________
4．I led them to the nearby bus stop and told them to take Bus No. 305, that could take them there directly.________________
5．There was a time while misunderstanding occured between my friend and me, and we quarreled terribly at that time.________________
6．He told me that my goldfish would die though they couldn't adapt to the environment in the wild.________________
7．I didn't begin to like our houseparents when something happened one night.________________
8．It is a long time since they separated, but it won't be long when they meet again.________________
9．He said, “I was in the kitchen with my wife and children while we heard a loud noise.”________________
10．You shouldn't spend your time in playing computer games even you have finished your homework.________________
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
说明文
295词
★★☆☆☆
You may have heard adults say they are uncomfortable in the morning without a cup of coffee. One reason they may feel that way is that coffee contains caffeine (咖啡因). Caffeine occurs naturally in coffee, tea, and cocoa beans, which are used to make chocolate. But now food makers are adding it to many products, from potato chips to water.
The U. S. government is especially worried about the problem. That's why the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is studying the health effects of caffeine on young people. Studies show that too much caffeine can make people nervous and unable to sleep. What's more, caffeine is habit­forming. Those who consume it regularly and stop suddenly may experience headaches and feel tired.
One of the biggest concerns is the large amount of caffeine added to so­called energy drinks, like Red Bull. A 12­ounce can of cola has about 35 milligrams of caffeine. A similar serving of Red Bull contains more than three times that amount.
The Institute of Medicine is also working on caffeine­safety measures. “Teenagers should not drink beverages that contain caffeine. They should be aware of caffeine's effects on health and on how the brain works. Take, for example, teenagers who consume caffeine to stay awake and study for a test. They will remember less of what they have just studied，” said Stallings, a member of the institute.
Companies that make products with added caffeine claim they do not advertise them to teenagers. However, there is no law to stop teenagers from buying them. So the FDA needs to set limits on caffeine, especially in energy drinks. As for added caffeine in food, the government should just say no. If not, the amount of caffeine should be printed on food labels to remind consumers. The government must do that.
Doctors say teenagers should avoid caffeine. If you need extra energy, try these natural boosters: eat right, exercise, and get plenty of sleep.
1．What is the U．S. government particularly concerned about?
A．The fact that coffee contains caffeine. B．The practice of adding caffeine to food.
C．The measures of avoiding caffeine's effects. D．The practice of using caffeine to make chocolate.
2．Why is Red Bull mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A．To show us caffeine's effects on health. B．To tell us about teenagers' addiction to caffeine.
C．To show a drink which contains much caffeine. D．To show people's concern about teenagers' health.
3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A．The measures of protecting teenagers from caffeine's effects.
B．The process of the government's controlling the use of caffeine.
C．The government's responsibility of taking care of teenagers.
D．The risk of buying products containing caffeine nowadays.
4．The author may agree that ________.
A．headaches and feeling tired are common in teenagers
B．food makers add much caffeine to many products now
C．caffeine is good and useful for teenagers' study
D．getting enough sleep can make people energetic
B
说明文
282词
★★☆☆☆
Sleeping in is one of the best parts of the weekend. After a long, exhausting work week, sometimes all you want to do is sleep. On_Friday_night,_you_slide_under_the_covers,_smiling_in_anticipation. Now you can finally catch up on your sleep.
Except you can't. When you open your eyes on Saturday morning, it's still early. If this were a weekday, you'd be up before your alarm goes off. So what's the deal?
We hate to break it to you, but you've pretty much done this to yourself. Your body is very good at recognizing patterns and adjusting accordingly. If you've got a nine­to­five job, you're getting up early five days a week. This effectively sets your body clock to wake you up at a certain time each day. You can shut off your alarm clock, but your body clock will just keep ticking.
There's another reason that you probably don't want to think about: You're just not as young as you used to be. We need less sleep as we get older. Babies need between 16 and 20 hours. Teenagers should (but often don't) get nine hours a night. Younger and middle­aged adults need eight hours. In general, the older you get, the harder it is to snooze the day away.
Even if you do manage to sleep in, you may never fully catch up on your sleep. If your body needs eight hours every night and you only get six or seven from Monday to Friday, you'd have to sleep an extra five to ten hours on Saturday to make it up. And experts say even that may not be enough.
The bottom line: Sleep when you can, and enjoy those extra weekend morning hours. Who doesn't want a longer weekend?
5．What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 1?
A．You know that you will oversleep on Saturday morning.
B．You needn't get up early on Saturday morning, so you will have a better sleep.
C．Since you don't work on Saturday, you needn't go to bed as usual.
D．You know that even though you needn't get up early on Saturday morning, you will wake as usual.
6．What can we learn from Paragraph 3 ?
A．If you have a nine­to­five job, you are likely to develop a flexible body clock.
B．Once you have set your body clock, it is not easy to change it.
C．The author will not break the pattern, but you will do it yourself.
D．If you adjust your body clock accordingly, you are healthy.
7．Which of the following is the reason why you can't sleep in on weekends?
A．You are not willing to admit that you are old. B．You need to relax on weekends.
C．Your body clock still works on weekends. D．You can never get enough sleep.
8．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Why Can't I Sleep in on Weekends Anymore? B．Why Can't I Catch up on My Sleep?
C．How to Turn off My Body Clock on Saturdays? D．How to Get More Sleep on Saturday Mornings?
黄金考点
短文改错——介词
考点35
介词的基本用法
考例
At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years.
点拨
every two years独立作状语，表示频率，不表示时间，其前不用表示时间的介词，故去掉介词for。
考点36
介词用于固定搭配
考例
It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.
点拨
in the middle of... “在……的中间”，为固定短语， 故把on改成of。

参考答案
Ⅰ.单句改错(定语从句和状语从句)
1．答案与解析：where→that/which　先行词place指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，定语从句用that或which引导，故把where改成that或which。
2．答案与解析：which→who/that　先行词some指“我们中的一些人”，且关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who或that引导定语从句。
3．答案与解析：which→when　先行词the middle ages指时间，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，非限制性定语从句用when引导，故把which改为when。
4．答案与解析：that→which　先行词Bus No.305指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故应用which引导非限制性定语从句，故把that改成which。
5．答案与解析：while→when　There was a time when...为一个固定句型。其中，when引导定语从句，故把while改成when。
6．答案与解析：though→if　根据语意可知，应用if引导条件状语从句，意为“是否”，故把though改成if。
7．答案与解析：when→until　此处是“not...until”固定句型，故把when改成until。
8．答案与解析：when→before　It won't be long before...为一个固定句型。其中，before引导时间状语从句，故把when改成before。
9．答案与解析：while→when　while与进行时态连用，由heard可知，应把while改成when。
10．答案与解析：even后加if/though　even if/though引导让步状语从句，故在even后边加上if或though。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。咖啡、茶和可可豆里通常含有咖啡因，但是现在食品制造商也在很多产品中添加咖啡因。美国政府对此深感担忧，并正对此采取控制措施。
1．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，其中的the problem指代第一段最后一句“But now food makers are adding it to many products, from potato chips to water.”的这一问题，即现在的食品制造商往很多产品里添加咖啡因。故B项正确。
2．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，人们最担心的是所谓的能量饮料中含有大量的咖啡因，比如红牛饮料。因此，红牛饮料是证明这种情况的一个例子。故C项正确。
3．答案与解析：A　主旨大意题。根据第五段可知，目前没有法律阻止青少年购买含有咖啡因的饮料，因此，美国食品与药物管理局需要采取措施，来限定食品与饮料中的咖啡因。故A项正确。
4．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，作者建议如果你需要额外的能量，可以尝试一些自然提高能量的办法，比如合理饮食、锻炼身体和保证充足的睡眠。由此可以推断，作者认为睡眠充足能够让人们精力旺盛。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述的是人体有自己的生物钟，并解释了人们即使在周末也会按着工作日的时间醒来的原因。
5．答案与解析：B　词义猜测题。画线句句意为：星期五晚上，你滑到被子下面，在期待中微笑着。后一句提到现在你终于可以多睡一会儿了。由此可知，周六早上你不必早起，可以睡个好觉，所以非常高兴且期待。故B项正确。
6．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，你的身体非常擅长识别固定的模式，并作出相应的调整；并根据第三段最后一句“You can shut off your alarm clock, but your body clock will just keep ticking.”可知，你可以关闭闹钟，但你的生物钟仍在运行。由此可以推断，人体的生物钟无法轻易改变。故B项正确。
7．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，人体有生物钟，并且无法轻易改变，即使在周末你也会按时醒来。故C项正确。
8．答案与解析：A　主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是人体有生物钟，并且随着年纪的增长，人们需要的睡眠会减少，这就是为什么周末无法再睡懒觉的原因。故A项正确。