2021届高考英语“典题”专项训练（八）

这是一份2021届高考英语“典题”专项训练（八），共9页。
2021高考英语“典题”专项训练（八）text 1Self­driving cars have been backed by the hope that they will save lives by getting involved in fewer crashes with fewer injuries and deaths than human­driven cars. But so far, most comparisons between human drivers and automated vehicles have been unfair.Crash statistics for human­driven cars are gathered from all sorts of driving situations, and on all types of roads. However, most of the data on self­driving cars' safety have been recorded often in good weather and on highways, where the most important tasks are staying in the car's own lane and not getting too close to the vehicle ahead. Automated cars are good at those tasks, but so are humans.It is true that self­driving cars don't get tired, angry, frustrated or drunk. But neither can they yet react to uncertain situations with the same skill or anticipation of an attentive human driver. Nor do they possess the foresight to avoid potential perils. They largely drive from moment to moment, rather than think ahead to possible events literally down the road.To a self­driving car, a bus full of people might appear quite similar to an uninhabited corn field. Indeed, deciding what action to take in an emergency is difficult for humans, but drivers have sacrificed themselves for the greater good of others. An automated system's limited understanding of the world means it will almost never evaluate (评估) a situation the same way a human would. And machines can't be programmed in advance to handle every imaginable set of events.Some people may argue that the promise of simply reducing the number of injuries and deaths is enough to support driverless cars. But experience from aviation (航空) shows that as new automated systems are introduced, there is often an increase in the rate of disasters.Therefore, comparisons between humans and automated vehicles have to be performed carefully. To fairly evaluate driverless cars on how well they fulfill their promise of improved safety, it's important to ensure the data being presented actually provide a true comparison. After all, choosing to replace humans with automation has more effects than simply a one­for­one exchange.1．What makes the comparison between self­driving cars and human­driven cars unfair?A. Self­driving cars never get tired.B. Statistics are collected differently.C. Machines can make decisions faster.D. Self­driving cars know the world better.2．What does the underlined word “perils” in paragraph 3 most probably mean?A. Dangers.   B. Self­driving cars.C. Pedestrians.   D. Human­driven cars.3．Why does the author write this text?A. To support human­driven cars.B. To show his doubt about self­driving cars.C. To call for exact evaluation of self­driving cars.D. To stress the importance of reducing car accidents.text 2Since the age of three, Chelsie Hill had dreamed of becoming a dancer. That ambition nearly ended one night in 2010. Hill, then a 17-year-old high school senior in Pacific Grove, California, was in a car accident that put her in the hospital for 51 days and left her paralyzed from the waist down. For most people, that would have ruined any hope of a dancing career. For Hill, it was the beginning. Far from being a barrier, her wheelchair emboldened her. “I wanted to prove to my community—and to myself—that I was still ‘normal,’ ” she told Teen Vogue.“Half of my body was taken away from me, and I have to move it with my hands,” Hill told Today, “It definitely took a lot of learning and patience.” After graduation, Hill wanted to expand her dance network to include women like her. She met people online who had suffered various spinal cord injuries but shared her determination, and she invited them to dance with her. Hoping to reach more people in a larger city, Hill moved to Los Angeles in 2014 and formed a team of dancers with disabilities she calls the Rollettes. “I want to break down the stereotype of wheelchair users and show that dance is dance, whether you’re walking or you’re rolling”, she said.Hill has attained what many of us never will: her childhood dream. She’s a dancer. But the Rollettes have helped her find something else just as fulfilling. Every year she holds a dance camp for wheelchair users of all ages and abilities. In 2019, 173 participants from ten countries attended.For many, it was the first time they’d felt they belonged. Steph Aiello told Teen Vogue that working with Hill challenged her to be more independent. “My injury doesn’t stop so I can live my life, so why am I going to stop living my life because of my injury?” she said. Edna Serrano says that being part of the Rollettes team has given her the courage to get behind the wheel of a car, “I didn’t know I could do so many things that these girls have taught me.”4. What does the underlined word “emboldened” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. destroyed     B. encouraged C. prevented D. deserved5. What can be learned from the text?A. It took Hill nearly a month to recover in the hospital.B. People from more than 20 countries joined the Rollettes.C. Hill helped the dancers find their self-confidence.D. Hill would expand her dance camp.6. Which the following words can best describe Hill?A. Ambitious and curious.B. Honest and hardworking.C. Humorous and brave.           D. Strong-willed and warm-hearted.7. What can be the best title for the text?A. A way to achieve one’s dream.B. An inspiring story of dancers.C. Chelsie Hill: a courageous dancer.D. A dance camp for the disabled.text 3Coke was introduced by the Coca Cola company in 1886,making it a favorite of generations of people in over 200 countries.This list should give you some ideas on how to get more from your coke than usual.Coca Cola is an excellent rust buster (除锈剂).If you have a bunch of small rusty objects,put them in coke overnight and give them a good scrub in the morning.Coke helps to break down the rust,making cleaning much easier.Be sure to throw out the used coke when you are done with it or you might be taking a trip to the doctor.Like the previous item,the citric acid (柠檬酸) in coke can be an excellent window cleaner.This is especially useful for car windows.Pour a can of coke over the window and rub the window,and then wipe it off with a wet cloth to remove any sugary matter in the drink.As coke is full of sugar,you should clean the sticky matter off the window,or it will be not a cleaner but a dirt.For those of you who live in areas where skunk (臭鼬) smells can be an issue from time to time,one can of coke added to water with detergent (清洁剂) really helps to break the smell down.If you have been sprayed,stand in the shower and cover yourself from head to toe with coke—wait for a few minutes,and then wash yourself with a shower.Coke is an excellent hair treatment so you get two tips for the price of one with this item!Pots can sometimes get black on the bottom.The black is almost impossible to remove;this is caused by over-cooking.To remove the black and renew your pot,pour in a can of coke (or as much as you need to cover the blackened area by an inch) and put it on the stove on a low heat.After an hour or so,wash the pot as normal.8.What does the underlined word “scrub” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Start. B.Clean.             C.Shake.          D.Move.9.What is important while using coke to clean car windows?A.Use a dry cloth.B.Rub the window lightly.C.Don’t pour too much coke.D.Clean the sugary matter thoroughly.10.For which purpose does coke have to be mixed with other material?A.To get rid of the black on the pot.B.To break down the rust.C.To remove smells.D.To clean windows.11..What type of writing is this text?A.An advertisement.B.A review.C.A news report.D.A practical guide.text 4Before you throw your trash into the nearest can, think for a moment. Not all your garbage can be dumped into one trashcan. It needs to be sorted out with different things going into different bins. Waste classification, a practice that has long been normal in developed countries like Japan, is the new challenge for many Chinese urban residents. However, though initially you might need to rack your brains to figure out which trash goes into which can, in the long run, the result is well worth the effort.Landfills, sites where waste is buried and covered over with soil, are a major method of disposing of residential waste in China. However, considering the environmental disaster associated with burying waste, there is a pressing need to reduce the amount of waste that goes into a landfill. Classification, sorting waste into different categories such as harmful waste, recyclables and kitchen waste, is a key solution.Currently, 46 cities across China, are carrying out a program that aims to put in place a classification-based garbage disposal system by the end of 2020. It is hoped that this will reduce the quantity of waste that ends up in landfills by a large degree. Shanghai came into the media focus in early July after it carried out compulsory garbage sorting rules that those who fail to dispose of garbage properly should be fined. Beijing is reviewing its regulations to follow in Shanghai’s footsteps. The new rules may cause short-term inconvenience but they are meant to help residents follow the concept of garbage classification for the common good.As the programs show, residents can gradually develop this habit with their growing awareness and the help of advanced technology. In future, this practice should be adopted across China, in urban cities and rural areas alike. With public involvement, China’s garbage sorting program will contribute not only to the nation’s sustainable (可持续的) development but also to making the planet a better place to live in.12. What is the most probable reason for classifying waste?A. No site for burying waste.      B. People’s habit.C. Economic cost.               D. Environmental pollution.13. What is the purpose of the program?A. To practise waste classification.B. To protect environment.C. To save oil for farming.D. To reduce the quantity of waste.14. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. A program adopted across China.B. Shanghai carried out new disposal rules.C. Doing the best with waste.D. Protecting environment is necessary.15. What is likely to happen in China according to the text?A. China will become the leading country of the program.B. The program will be spread nationwide.C. Development in rural areas will make great progress.  D. People will help develop modern technology.text 5As you know, it is a different experience being around positive people and negative ones.  16  1. Failure is part of learning.Positive people view failure as an opportunity to learn and get better. They understand that failure is an event, and doesn’t define who they are. Negative people are easily defeated by failure. They fail to understand that it’s part of the learning and growing process.2.  17  Positive people love to be challenged. They understand that there is no growth without struggle. Positive people embrace difficulty and actively look for ways to overcome difficulty. Negative people love the easy road.  18  To negative people, hard times don’t make you, they break you.3. I still have a lot to learn.  19  They understand information that used to work 10-years ago might not be effective today. Negative people believe they know it all, and are less likely to welcome new information. They care less about what’s right, and more about who’s right.4. I am my own worst enemy or best friend.Positive people have effective self talk and don’t allow their own thoughts to discourage them. Additionally, they are realistic with their expectations. Positive people don’t feed themselves lies about their weaknesses or how difficult the situation is. Instead, they tell themselves what they need to do to succeed. Negative people are their own worst enemy.   20  A. They focus on all the negative aspects and lose their own confidence.B. Negative people don’t try to change.C. Positive people love to learn and make progress.D. I can do hard things.E. They try to avoid trouble.F. I give power to what I focus on.G. If you are trying to be more positive yourself, here are some ways you can do so.text 6Since the age of three, Chelsie Hill had dreamed of becoming a dancer. “The only thing that I loved was dance,” she told the press. That ambition nearly ended one night in 2010. Hill, then a 17-year-old high school senior in Pacific Grove, California, was in a car accident that put her in the hospital for 51 days and left her paralyzed (使瘫痪) from the waist down. Most people would be frustrated and quit any hope of a dancing career. But for Hill, it was just the beginning. Far from being an obstacle, her wheelchair encouraged her. “I wanted to prove to my community—and to myself—that I was still ‘normal’,” she said. “Whatever normal meant.” Normal for her meant dancing, so Hill did it in her wheelchair right alongside her non-disabled high school dance team. “Half of my body was taken away from me, and I have to move it with my hands,” Hill said. “It definitely took a lot of learning and patience.”After graduation, Hill wanted to expand her dance network to include women like her. She met people online who had suffered various spinal cord (脊髓) injuries and shared her determination, then invited them to dance with her. “It was such an amazing experience.” Hoping to reach more people in a larger city, Hill moved to Los Angeles in 2014 and formed a team of dancers with disabilities she calls the Rollettes. “I want to break down the stereotype (偏见) of wheelchair users and show that dance is dance, whether you’re walking or you’re rolling,” she said.Dancing on wheels, the Rollettes discovered, can be just as fast-paced, artful, and fulfilling as the foot-based variety. It’s so powerful to have teammates in their life and helps them to draw out their potential capacities. In disabled dance competitions around the country, the six-member team is having fun, and as the audiences’ excited reactions indicate, the fun can influence others easily, which is really amazing.续写要求：1. 所续写短文词数应为150左右；2. 至少使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1:Hill has attained what many of us never will: her childhood dream.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph 2:For many disabled, it is the first time they’ve felt they belonged.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________   参考答案：1−3 DBC     4−7 BCDC   8−11 BDCD    12−15 DACB     16−20 GDECAParagraph 1:Hill has attained what many of us never will: her childhood dream. She’s a dancer now and has founded the Rollettes, a significant dancing team. She never stops living her life because of her injury. Every year she holds a dance camp for wheelchair users of all ages and abilities to help them build self-confidence, which has attracted hundreds of participants from many countries by now.Paragraph 2:For many disabled, it is the first time they’ve felt they belonged. One of them put it as the most powerful thing when she rolled into a room and everyone was at eye level. Still one said working with Chelsie Hill challenged her to be more independent and optimistic. Another one told the press that being part of the Rollettes team had given her the courage to get behind the wheel of a car. Actually, being a member of the Rollettes, they all benefit a lot and are all living a confident and enjoyable life.