2021届高考英语“典题”专项训练（二）

这是一份2021届高考英语“典题”专项训练（二），共8页。
An exciting landing prcess f Chang’e-4 prbe (探测器) was seen thrugh the mnitr at Beijing Aerspace Cntrl Center in Beijing, Jan. 3, 2019. It tuched dwn n the far side f the mn at 10:26 a.m. Beijing Time, becming the first spacecraft sft-landing n the mn’s unknwn side never visible frm Earth.
China’s Chang’e-4 prbe has started the explratin n the far side f the mn thanks t the relay satellite that prvides a cmmunicatin link with grund cntrl. The relay satellite, named Queqia, meaning Magpie Bridge, after a Chinese legend(传说), was launched n May 21, 2018, and became the first cmmunicatin satellite perating in the hal rbit, nearly 500,000 km frm the earth. It can als prvide cmmunicatin fr prbes frm ther cuntries. The relay satellite will als be used fr scientific and technlgical experiments. The maximum distance between the satellite and the Chang’e-4 prbe n the far side f the mn is 79,000 km. The satellite prcesses data frm the prbe and sends them t Earth.
The satellite can stay in its rbit fr a lng time due t its relatively lw fuel cnsumptin, as the earth’s and the mn’s gravity balances its rbital mving. While in rbit, it can “see” bth the earth and the far side f the mn.
The cncept f using a relay satellite in the hal rbit was first put frward by the U.S. space experts in the 1960s, but was realized by Chinese space engineers.
Researchers hpe t use the cameras n the satellite t recrd asterids (小行星) hitting the far side f the mn. T cntrl the cst f the Chang’e-4 prbe, the relay satellite was designed t be relatively small, weighing abut 400 kg.
Researchers had just 30 mnths t develp the satellite, putting them under high pressure. T prmte public interest in space explratin, the China Natinal Space Administratin invited peple t write dwn their wishes fr lunar and space explratin, and the relay satellite carries the names f tens f thusands f participants and their messages.
1.What d we learn frm the secnd paragraph?
A.The relay satellite was launched n Jan. 3, 2019.
B.Chang’e-4 prbe was the first cmmunicatin satellite.
C.The relay satellite nly explres the far side f the mn.
D.The relay satellite can handle data frm Chang’e-4 prbe.
2.Why was the size f the relay satellite relatively small?
A.T reduce the cst as much as pssible.
B.T make it circle the mn fr a lnger time.
C.T avid being crashed by ther satellites.
D.T fllw American space experts’ advice.
3.What made researchers suffer frm great stress?
A.Few peple interested in the explratin n the mn.
B.The relay satellite carrying t much equipment.
C.Their lacking enugh time t develp the relay satellite.
D.Peple’s never being ptimistic abut the relay satellite.
4.What is the main idea f the text?
A.China is a new space pwer after the USA.
B.Chang’e-4 prbe landed n Mn’s far side.
C.Chinese space engineers make much prgress.
D.Space explratin is a dangerus challenge.
text 2
In many cuntries, authrity (权威) is seldm questined, either because it is highly respected, r because it is feared. Because status has been imprtant in certain scieties fr a lng time, peple have been trained never t questin thse in authrity. Fr example, children are nt expected t questin their teachers in schl. It may be cnsidered imprper fr yung businessmen t suggest ideas that differ frm thse f lder, mre experienced members f the business.
In ther cuntries, including America, children are trained t questin and search fr answers. When a child asks a questin, he will ften be tld t g t the library and find the answer fr himself. By the time students reach the age f 14 r 15, they may be develping exciting new ideas in all fields f science and arts. T encurage such creativity, there are many natinal prizes ffered t students every year fr their scientific discveries and artistic accmplishments.
This interest in questining and searching may be cnsidered by sme peple as bad fr yung peple’s manners. This impressin may be created when visitrs ntice yung Americans asking questins and arguing with lder peple. Hwever, this is because many Americans have a different attitude tward authrity that may exist in ther areas f the wrld. In a wrk r business situatin, ideas are freely and penly discussed and argued. It is imprtant t remember that it is the persn’s ideas that are being questined, nt the individual himself. The tw are quite separate. The purpse f the searching, questining, and arguing is t find the facts in a particular situatin, and therefre a slutin, s that the wrk f the business can prgress in the mst effective manner pssible.
As was mentined earlier, yu may ntice the same questining in scial cnversatins. Althugh sme individual may think that Americans are rude because f the direct manner with peple, they are merely trying t learn mre abut yur ideas.
5．In many cuntries authrity is seldm questined fr the fllwing reasns EXCEPT that ____.
A. peple shw great respect fr it
B. peple are afraid f it
C. peple dn’t care abut it
D. peple are trained nt t challenge thse in authrity
6． Frm the text we can infer that _________.
A. yung peple lack respect fr authrity in America
B. American authrity usually desn’t mind being questined
C. questining a persn is implite and his ideas as well
D. Yung Americans always give the impressin f being rude t thers
7． What is the authr’s attitude twards questining thse in authrity?
A. Wrried. B. Dubtful. C. Psitive. D. Indifferent.
8． What is pssibly the best title f the text?
A. Questining: A Way t Learn and Develp New Ideas
B. Rude r Hnest?—True Americans
C. Questining the Authrity Is Implite
D. Bad Manners r Gd Ways

text 3
A few years ag, my husband Charlie and I had marriage prblems. Grwing family respnsibilities and financial wrries tk a tll n us and we began arguing frequently, ften late int the night.
Hwever, neither f us culd take the step that wuld end ur eleven-year marriage and bring heartbreak t ur three yung children. Deep dwn we knew we still lved each ther, s we determined t wrk it ut. Thrugh cuntless discussins, we began t clse the gulf. The mre hnest we were, the clser we became.
When I felt we were reaching slid grund, I asked my husband t give me an “eternity (永恒) ring”. It was nt s much the ring I wanted; it was the reassurance I thught it wuld bring.
We went shpping n a beautiful summer day. We walked hand in hand alng a rw f jeweler’s shps. Finally I fund a ring I liked. While waiting fr it t be adjusted, the jeweler tk my left hand and glanced at my engagement ring. “May I clean it fr yu?” he asked. “It really desn’t sparkle like it used t.” Charlie said as I slipped the ring ff my finger. A few minutes later the jeweler was back. The ring shne like new!
On the drive hme, I didn’t take my eyes ff it. I frgt all abut the eternity ring. I just culdn’t believe hw this ld ring suddenly sparkled the way it had the day Charlie gave it t me. I had taken it fr granted these past years, but with a little plish it culd still make my heart beat fast.
And that’s the way it is with a marriage. Yu have t wrk at keeping it plished and new, r else the grime (污垢) f the passing years will hide the jy. I put my hand n the seat between us and spread my fingers. Charlie cvered my hand with his. I felt I was lucky t be able t see the sparkle in smething ld when I thught I needed smething new.
9． The authr and her husband had marriage prblems partly because __________.
A. they frequently argued late int the night
B. they were lack f mney
C. they had cuntless discussins
D. the authr wanted t have an eternity ring
10． What des the underlined part in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Free f truble.B. Arriving at a square.
C. Wealthy and generus.D. In gd relatinship.
11． Why did the authr frget all abut the eternity ring n their way back hme?
A. Her husband kept it fr her.
B. She was nt satisfied with the eternity ring.
C. The ld ring’s light attracted her attentin.
D. The cuple were talking all the way merrily.
12． What des the authr mainly want t express in the last paragraph?
A. We tend t prefer new bjects t ld nes.
B. One shuld remain thankful fr what he has gt.
C. Marriage shuld be cnstantly plished.
D. We shuld try t rediscver the use f ld bjects.
text 4
Listen-and-Repeat Singing Methd Benefits Freign Language Learning
Have yu ever fund yurself in this situatin：Yu hear a sng yu used t sing when yu were a child－a bit f nstalgia (怀旧) r “blast frm the past,” as we say. But it is nt a distant childhd memry. The wrds cme back t yu as clearly as when yu sang them all thse years ag.
Researchers at the University f Edinburgh studied the relatinship between music and remembering a freign language. They fund that remembering wrds in a sng was the best way t remember even ne f the mst difficult languages.
Here is what they did. Researchers tk 60 adults and randmly divided them int three grups f 20. Then they gave the grups three different types f “listen-and-repeat” learning cnditins. Researchers had ne grup simply speak the wrds. They had the secnd grup speak the wrds t a rhythm, r beat. And they asked the third grup t sing the wrds.
All three grups studied wrds frm the Hungarian language fr 15minutes. Then they tk part in a series f language tests t see what they remembered.
Why Hungarian, yu may ask? Researchers said they chse Hungarian because nt many peple knw the language. It des nt share any rts with Germanic r Rmance languages, such as Italian r Spanish. After the tests were ver, the singers came ut n tp. The peple wh learned these new Hungarian wrds by singing them shwed a higher verall perfrmance. They did the best in fur ut f five f the tests. They als perfrmed tw times better than thse wh simply learned the wrds by speaking them.
Dr. Katie Overy says singing culd lead t new ways t learn a freign language. The brain likes t remember things when they are cntained in a catchy r memrable tune.
Dr. Ludke said the findings culd help thse wh struggle t learn freign languages. On the University f Edinburgh’s website Dr. Ludke writes，“This study prvides the first experimental evidence that a listen-and-repeat singing methd can supprt freign language learning，and pens the dr fr future research in this area.”
13． Accrding t the research, which f the fllwing is true?
A. The findings can help all freign language learners learn better.
B. The grup singing the wrds can generally remember the wrds best.
C. The 60 adults were divided int three grups accrding t their ages.
D. Researchers studied the relatinship between music and remembering languages.
14． Why was Hungarian used in the experiment?
A. Because Hungarian is easy t learn.
B. Because researchers are fluent in Hungarian.
C. Because Hungarian is unknwn t many peple.
D. Because Hungarian is rted in Germanic language.
15． What can we infer frm the passage?
A. Hungarian is very ppular in the UK.
B. Freign language teachers can use music t help with their teaching.
C. Peple withut music talent can never learn freign languages well.
D. The listen-and-repeat singing methd is the best way t learn a language.
16． What’s the purpse f the authr’s writing the passage?
A. T cmpare different language learning methds.
B. T intrduce an experimental result.
C. T call n peple t d future research.
D. T help thse wh struggle t learn freign languages.
text 5
第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyne deals with discuragement at sme pint in their life. 17 Discuragement, disappintment, failure, and setbacks—these are all things that can help us if we maintain an empwering mindset. S next time yu start t feel discuraged, here is what yu shuld d:
1. 18
Discuragement generally ccurs when ur expectatins dn’t agree with reality. In many cases ur expectatins are unrealistic, and this ften has t d with hw lng we think things will last. If we take a lnger view, and relax ur expectatins a little, it can really help t decrease discuragement. S be patient!
2. Think f failure as educatin.
When we feel like we have failed at smething, discuragement ften fllws. Hwever, failure desn’t really exist, except fr the meaning that we give it. We can chse t think f failure as educatin, and therefre gd, instead f thinking f failure as bad. When we view it this way we realize that failure isn’t smething that is bad, r smething t be avided. It is simply feedback. 19
3. Stp cmparing urselves with thers.
N dubt, if we always cmpare urselves with thers, we will get discuraged easily. We generally see their victries, successes, and strengths. When we d this we get discuraged and we feel srry fr urselves. 20 We are n a unique path. Then we need t just fcus n ur wn path.
4. Cnsider wh we are spending time with.
If we spend all ur time with peple wh are cnstantly negative, we can be influenced t see life thrugh a similar lens. S what can we d? We can’t simply cut lved nes ut f ur lives.
21 Start t surrund urselves with psitive peple as a balance. Over time we will start t take n their mindset and this will help with any feelings f discuragement we may have.
A. S dn’t cmpare.
B. Take the lng view.
C. It may be a while befre it cmes true.
D. We ease discuragement when we think this way.
E. But it is nt always a bad thing.
F. What we shuld d is simply expand ur scial netwrk.
G. Dn’t let ur discuragement get in the way f ur develpment.
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