英语外研版Module 4 Which English?课后作业题

Module 4 Section Ⅳ　Grammar & Writing

课时作业

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，especially (especial) if you are travelling at high speed.

2．I went to a workshop and gradually (gradual) got good at making things with clay(黏土)．

3．As children get older，they become more and more interested in the things around them.

4．(2019·云南昆明期中)If we make good use of public transport, the environment will be better.

5．Although he is known to only a few，his reputation among them is very great.

6．There are several reasons for sleep. We sleep because we need to dream.

7．It is a long time since they separated, but it won't be long before they meet again.

8．The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple.

9．You shouldn't have been late for such an important meeting whatever the reason was.

10．Mr.White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together.

Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

Wild elephants can tell whether a voice comes from a man，a woman or a boy，a new study says. That's what researchers found when they played recordings of people for elephants in Kenya. Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals haven't shown. It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isn't. The result shows that the clever animals are also studying people，said study author Karen McComb，a professor at the University of Sussex in England.

“Basically，they have developed this very rich knowledge of the humans that they share their habitat with，”said McComb.“Memory is key. They must build up that knowledge somehow.”

The study was released on Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

It's close to but not quite like the Dr. Seuss book，where the elephant Horton hears something that others can't hear.

McComb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya，where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans，sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water. The scientists used voice recordings of Maasai men，who on occasion kill elephants，and Kamba men，who are less of a threat to the elephants.

As a result，the elephants reacted more defensively—retreating and gathering in a bunch—to the Maasai language recording because it was associated with the more threatening human tribe，said study co­author Graeme Shannon.

They repeated the experiment with recordings of Maasai men and women. Since women almost never spear elephants，the animals reacted less defensively to the women's voices. The same thing happened when they substituted young boys' voices. “Making this kind of fine distinctions in human voice patterns is quite remarkable，”said Emory University animal cognition expert Frans de Waal，who was not part of the study.

【解题导语】　研究表明野生大象能够识别男、女和男孩的声音，它们通过思维区分声音并判断谁能对他们产生威胁。

1．Who were the people taking part in the study?

A．Frans de Waal and Karen McComb.

B．Dr.Seuss and Graeme Shannon.

C．Graeme Shannon and Frans de Waal.

D．Karen McComb and Graeme Shannon.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“study author Karen McComb”和第六段中的“study co­author Graeme Shannon”可知，Karen McComb和Graeme Shannon都参加了研究，故选D项。

2．What can wild elephants benefit from their special ability?

A．Identifying and avoiding possible danger.

B．Growing much faster than any other animals.

C．Having a better understanding of humans.

D．Developing their language skills.

解析：选A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals haven't shown.It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isn't.”可知，这种高等的思维方式使野象能够分辨出谁能对它们造成威胁，这样它们可以避免可能的危险，故选A项。

3．Which can replace the underlined word “substituted”in the last paragraph?

A．Distinguished.　　　　 B．Repeated.

C．Used.   D．Compared.

解析：选C　词义猜测题。画线词所在句中的“The same thing happened”指的是前一句中的“the animals reacted less defensively”，画线词所在句讲的是野象对年轻男孩的声音做出的反应，说明当时研究者在对野象播放年轻男孩的声音，故选C项。

4．What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．Wild elephants can distinguish human languages.

B．The conflict between humans and wild elephants is growing.

C．Wild elephants use language skills to make discrimination.

D．Wild elephants can build up good memory and learn tricks.

解析：选A　主旨大意题。根据文章第一句“Wild elephants can tell whether a voice comes from a man，a woman or a boy”和全文内容可知，野象能够通过人的声音区分不同人类群体的性别和年龄，故选A项(野象能够区分人类的语言)。

B

The possibility that pleasant smells might reduce pain has recently been suggested by a new study. In a scientific study, doctors asked 20 men and 20 women to keep their hands in very hot water for as long as possible while breathing in different smells.

As people believe that strong smells can affect the senses, volunteers were asked not to eat or drink for eight hours before the experiment began. During the experiment, volunteers were asked to take in pleasant smells such as vanilla (香草精), and unpleasant smells such as durians (榴莲)．The volunteers kept their hands in the water until it became too hot for them. When they could not bear the pain any more, they took their hands out of the water.

Scientists are interested in whether the sense of smell is related to pain and whether men and women have the same senses. Now, the study has proved that for women, pleasant smells reduce pain. For men, there is no change.

Dr. Finkelstein has been studying smells since 1999.He says that scientists already have data from 40 volunteers. He adds that this year, scientists will test another 60 volunteers and will be in a better position to explain the results.

One explanation is that women's sense of smell developed long ago, and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies. Scientists used to believe that mothers recognized their children by sight only. Now, they have started to believe that the sense of smell also helps, but why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men is a question still to be answered by scientists.

【解题导语】　最新研究成果表明令人愉快的气味有减少疼痛的可能性。研究结果证明女性闻到令人愉快的气味能减少疼痛，但男性对于令人愉快的气味则没有感知疼痛的变化。

5．If both men and women are asked to keep their hands in hot water while taking in some pleasant smells，        .

A．women may stand the pain of the hot water longer

B．men may keep their hands in the hot water longer

C．they will probably take their hands out at the same time

D．we are not quite sure who will take their hands out earlier

解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Now, the study has proved that for women, pleasant smells reduce pain. For men, there is no change.”可推断出在闻令人愉快的气味时妇女忍受痛苦的时间更长，故A项正确。

6．From the passage we learn that         .

A．the reason why women are sensitive to smells is clear

B．the experiment for the sense of smell has come to an end

C．unpleasant smells affect men's senses more than women's

D．scientists have not totally explained the result of the study

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“... but why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men is a question still to be answered by scientists.”可知科学家没有能够完全解释清楚研究结果，故D项正确。

7．Now scientists believe that         .

A．mothers recognize their children only by sight

B．men's sense of smell developed a long time ago

C．strong smells have a great influence on people's senses

D．smells are helpful for mothers to spot their children

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Scientists used to believe that mothers recognized their children by sight only.Now, they have started to believe that the sense of smell also helps ...”可知现在科学家们认为气味能帮助妈妈识别自己的孩子，故D项正确。

8．The writer wrote the passage in order to         .

A．supply some entertainment to us

B．show women's sharper senses than men's

C．inform readers of some knowledge

D．call for volunteers for the experiment

解析：选C　写作意图题。本文介绍了最新研究成果表明令人愉快的气味有减少疼痛的可能性，所以本文的目的是告诉读者一些知识，故C项正确。

Ⅲ.语法填空

Being raised in a family of teachers, I 1.        (get) plenty of chances to connect myself with literature since a young age. So I have many stories about me and reading.

It was my father who took me on the road to reading and made me appreciate
2.         (it) beauty. When I was a little girl, he bought me a book 3.         
(name) Romance of the Three Kingdoms.I was too young to read this difficult work, so my father explained it to me 4.         (patient). From then on, I started to enjoy reading books.

When I became a middle school student, I began to read some simplified English classics on my own. Sometimes, I would write down my thoughts and 5.         
(feel) and share them with my father. Among all the books that I read during my middle school years, Jane Eyre left the 6.        (deep) impression on me. I was having some difficulties with my studies at that time, 7.         Jane Eyre's persistence(坚持) and courage inspired me a lot. Thanks to my reading habit, I managed 8.         (overcome) the difficulties of my studies.

Now, I'm a senior high school student and very busy with my studies. But I still keep on reading in my spare time. My mother told me that I should be absorbed 9.       
my studies, but in my point of view, I regard reading as an oasis(绿洲) that can make me relax.

Recently, I thought about the benefits 10.        reading could bring us. Reading can clear our minds and motivate us. In addition, we may broaden our horizons and gain more knowledge through reading. I hope that my story can inspire you to start your own reading adventure.

【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了作者和阅读之间的故事，鼓励大家多读书。

1．解析：考查动词时态。since意为“自从”时，主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。

答案：have got/gotten

2．解析：考查代词。修饰名词一般用形容词，故用形容词性物主代词its 修饰名词 beauty, 作定语。

答案：its

3．解析：考查非谓语动词。name 和句子谓语 bought 之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且和其逻辑主语 a book 构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。

答案：named

4．解析：考查副词。副词修饰形容词、副词、动词甚至整个句子，作状语。故用副词 patiently 修饰动词 explained。

答案：patiently

5．解析：考查词性转换。根据 and 可知，此处和thoughts 并列，故用feel的名词的复数形式feelings。

答案：feelings

6．解析：考查形容词的比较级。与 Among all the books 和定冠词 the 呼应，此处用形容词的最高级形式，修饰名词 impression。

答案：deepest

7．解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，上下文表示逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词 but。

答案：but

8．解析：考查非谓语动词。固定搭配 manage to do sth. 意为“设法完成某事”，故用不定式作宾语。

答案：to overcome

9．解析：考查介词。固定搭配 be absorbed in sth. 意为“专注于某事”，故用介词in。

答案：in

10．解析：考查定语从句。that/which 引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，该从句修饰先行词 the benefits。

答案：that/which

Ⅳ.书面表达

三班的同学进行了一场有关英语学习的讨论。讨论的题目是：学习英语要不要从儿童时期开始？请你根据下表中的提示写一篇短文，介绍一下讨论的情况。

要求：

1．词数100左右；

2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3．开头已经给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：基础foundation; 汉语拼音Chinese pinyin

The students of Class 3 had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood.

One possible version：

The students of Class 3 had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood.

Opinions are divided on this issue. Some of them think that English learning should start from childhood. As little boys and girls have a very good memory, they can learn a lot of English words by heart. This will help them lay a solid foundation for their future English learning.

But others do not agree. Young children have to learn Chinese pinyin at school. If they study Chinese pinyin and English at the same time, it will be very likely for them to mix them up. This will do a lot of harm not only to their Chinese learning but also to their future English learning.

In short, the students have not arrived at any agreement yet.