高中英语外研版选修8Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe课时练习

Module 5 Section Ⅱ　Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary—Language Points

课时作业

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The theory is based on a series of wrong assumptions(assume), so it can't be put into practice.

2．(2019·湖南长郡中学月考)As he walked into the classroom with that funny looking hat, everyone burst out laughing.

3．He is a foreigner and he is not accustomed to being treated (treat) like that while he is in China.

4．—What about the two cars?

—This one is no more expensive (expensive) than that one. But the blue one uses less oil.

5. In spite of many invitations，he would always decline to visit Oxford.

6．I seem to have seen (see) you before, but I can't remember where I saw you.

7．Dealing with social phobia(恐惧症)takes patience(patient), courage to face fears and the willingness to practice.

8．Linyi isn't what it used to be. The last decade has witnessed (witness) great changes in the city images.

9．Much time spent (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.

10．The teacher knows that you are always the first to come (come) to the classroom since last September.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．With the level of haze rising greatly, many people work to raise public awareness to environmental protection.

第二个to→of

2．In spite for great efforts, we failed to carry out our plan through.

for→of

3．Weather permits, we'll go to visit our teacher this afternoon.

permits→permitting

4．You should learn to be patient with pains when you are faced with difficulties.

第一个with→of

5．In the very beginning of this collecting activity, it was not so warm­welcomed.

In→At

Ⅲ.阅读理解

No human has set foot on the Moon since 1972. Now，after more than four decades of inactivity，interest in putting humans back on the Moon is finally heating up again. But who will get there first?

CHINA 

On 14 December 2013，China successfully landed its Jade Rabbit rover(探测车)on the Moon. It is now working on its next exploration mission. Named Chang'e 4，the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018. If successful，it will be the first landing on the Moon's far side.

RUSSIA 

Russia plans a manned Moon landing in 2030. It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost (前哨站)．

INDIA 

Following the success of its Chandrayaan­1 in 2008，India announced a follow­on mission. Chandrayaan­2 was meant to cooperate with Russia. But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013，India decided to go it alone. Chandrayaan­2 is about to be sent up in 2018.

USA 

In December 2018，NASA plans to send up the Exploration Mission 1，an uncrewed test of their Orion astronaut capsule in which the craft will circle around the Moon before returning to Earth. All being well，a crewed capsule will follow in 2023. Should the mission prove a success，the astronauts will be the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes since Apollo 17 in 1972.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国、俄罗斯、印度和美国的登月计划。

1．What will China do in its next space mission?

A．Improve its Jade Rabbit rover.

B．Work with other countries.

C．Land Chang'e 4 on the Moon.

D．Explore the south pole of the Moon.

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，嫦娥四号将在2018年底降落在月球Aitken Basin地区。据此可知，中国的下一步空间计划是嫦娥四号登月，故C项正确。

2．Why did India try to carry out its follow­on mission alone?

A．It couldn't find a partner.

B．It didn't get the lander as planned.

C．The Russians refused to work with India.

D．It planned to launch Chandrayaan­2 in advance.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知，由于俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器，因此印度决定自己实施登月计划，故B项正确。

3．Which country is interested in resources on the Moon?

A．Russia.　　　　　　 B．China.

C．India.   D．USA.

解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，当前俄罗斯正启动一项工程，其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极，寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。故A项正确。

4．What can we know from the text?

A．Russia has built a human outpost on the Moon.

B．China will be the first to see the far side of the Moon.

C．USA will send a crewed capsule to the Moon in the future.

D．Humans have kept active in exploring the Moon since 1972.

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第五段第二句可知，如果一切顺利，美国将于2023年发送载人太空舱登月。据此可知，美国将在未来实施载人登月计划，故C项正确。

Ⅳ.完形填空

The basic meaning of “pet” is an animal we keep for emotional rather than economic reasons. A pet animal is   1   as a companion, and we all need companions to keep us feeling happy.   2   pets offer us more than mere companionship: they invite us to love and be loved. Many   3   feel their pets understand them, for animals are   4   to sense anger and sorrow. Often a cat or dog can comfort us   5   when human words don't help. We feel loved, too, by the way pets   6   us for a home, for food and drink. Dogs   7  ， look up to their owners,   8   makes them feel important and needed.

A pet can be something   9   to each member of the family, another baby to the mother, a sister or brother to a(n)   10   child, a grandchild to the elderly, but for all of us pets provide   11   and companionship. It has   12   been suggested that tiny pets   13   be sent as companions to astronauts on space ships, to help reduce the stress and   14   of space flights.

In this Plastic Age, when most of us live in large cities, pets are particularly important for   15  . A pet in the family keeps people in   16   with the more natural, animal world. Seeing an animal give birth brings understanding of the naturalness of childbirth, and seeing a pet   17   helps a child to cope with sorrow. Learning to   18   for a pet helps a child to grow up into a loving adult who feels
  19   towards those dependent on them. Rightly we teach children to be good to their pets. They should learn, too, that pets are   20   for us human beings.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在我们周围，越来越多的人开始养宠物。宠物对他们而言已变成朋友、家人，是他们快乐的来源。

1．A.known   B．born

C．listed   D．kept

解析：选D　此时指宠物是被当作同伴养育的。keep意为“饲养”。

2．A.But   B．Or

C．So   D．Otherwise

解析：选A　根据上下文的意思，此处表示转折意义。选项中or表示选择意义，so表示因果意义，otherwise意为“不然的话”，都不符合此处逻辑关系。

3．A.masters   B．owners

C．bosses   D．hosts

解析：选B　根据句子的意思可知，此处指“拥有者”。A项和D项均为“主人”之意；C项指“老板”。

4．A.slow   B．quick

C．easy   D．difficult

解析：选B　此处是指因为动物能很快感觉到气愤和伤心。quick在此指反应灵敏。

5．A.in time   B．on time

C．at the time   D．at no time

解析：选C　后面的定语从句说明的是时间，所以此处应该选at the time，意为“在……的时候”。in time意为“及时”；on time意为“按时”；at no time意为“立刻”。

6．A.depend on   B．live on

C．wait on   D．look on

解析：选A　我们可以通过宠物对我们的依赖体会到被爱的感觉。live on意为“靠……生存”；wait on意为“伺候”；look on意为“旁观”。

7．A.especially   B．hardly

C．hopefully   D．entirely

解析：选A　根据上下文意思，此处指“特别是”狗对主人的依赖性和尊敬更让人有被需要的感觉。

8．A.it   B．who

C．which   D．what

解析：选C　which在此引导非限制性定语从句，指狗对拥有者的尊敬这件事使他们感到很重要。it和what均不能用来引导非限制性定语从句，who通常是说明人的情况。

9．A.dangerous   B．necessary

C．expensive   D．different

解析：选D　由下文可知，宠物对于每个家庭成员来说是“不同的”。这与下文列举的例子是一致的。

10．A.single   B．only

C．separate   D．alone

解析：选B　由上下文句子的结构可知，此处指独生子女的兄弟或姐妹。single“单身的”；separate“分割的”；alone“单独的”，只用作后置定语。

11．A.loss   B．love

C．trouble   D．pleasure

解析：选D　结合上文的语境可知，宠物可以给我们所有人提供“快乐”。love的意思在这里过于宽泛。

12．A.ever   B．even

C．never   D．thus

解析：选B　根据上下文可知，此处的意思应该是“甚至”有人建议……这里含有更进一步的意思，说明宠物的作用。

13．A.would   B．could

C．should   D．must

解析：选C　由句子中的谓语动词suggested可知，从句谓语应该使用should表示虚拟语气。其他三个选项不用在这个句型结构中。

14．A.loneliness   B．distance

C．darkness   D．weight

解析：选A　由空前的stress 可知，此处应是与stress相并列的词，再结合上文的companions，此处应填loneliness。宠物是不能减小“距离”“黑暗”或“重量”的。

15．A.housewives   B．children

C．grown­ups   D．relatives

解析：选B　根据下文可知，此处的意思应该是指宠物对“孩子们”很重要。第17、18空后的“helps a child”有所提示。

16．A.action   B．trouble

C．touch   D．love

解析：选C　此处指家里的宠物能使人们保持和大自然以及动物世界之间的“联系”。keep in touch with“和……保持联系”。

17．A.die   B．suffer

C．cry   D．fight

解析：选A　根据下文中的“helps a child to cope with sorrow”可知，此处指宠物“死了”。其他选项的意思和文章的意思不吻合。

18．A.pay   B．ask

C．call   D．care

解析：选D　根据句中的“helps a child to grow up into a loving adult”可知，这里指孩子们学习关心宠物能帮助他们成长为一个富有爱心的人。pay for意为“付款”；ask for意为“要求得到”；call for意为“要求”。

19．A.comfortable   B．suitable

C．valuable   D．responsible

解析：选D　此处的语境是：……会对依靠“他们”的人富有责任心。

20．A.fit   B．good

C．expensive   D．bad

解析：选B　由上文中的“Rightly we teach children to be good to their pets.”可知，B项为正确答案。

Ⅴ.短文改错

Dear Brad,

I am high school girl. Last month my whole family moved and I had to switch schools. I love this new school, where has a large playground and a library with lots of book. Also it has well equipping classrooms and several modern labs. Therefore, I really miss my former school and my old friends very much. I have known some newly classmates in this school, but I don't connect with him. Two girls in my new class might be like me, but I am not sure. I once think about moving back to my old school. On that case, I will miss my family. What should I do?

Amy

答案：

Dear Brad,

I am  high school girl. Last month my whole family moved and I had to switch schools.I love this new school， has a large playground and a library with lots of .Also it has well classrooms and several modern labs. ，I really miss my former school and my old friends very much. I have known some  classmates in this school, but I don't connect with .Two girls in my new class might like me, but I am not sure. I once  about moving back to my old school.  that case, I will miss my family. What should I do?

Amy