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初中英语知识点总结-初中英语语法例题解析
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【初中英语知识点总结,初中英语语法例题解析】
初中英语知识点总结,初中英语语法例题解析
一、冠词: 冠词用在名词的前面，有定冠词“the”与不定冠词“a；an”之分。定冠
词表示“确指”，译作“这(那)个”；不定冠词表示“泛指”，译作“一个”。 例题解析:
( ) lady over there is university teacher.
A) A, the B) The, an C) The, a D) The, the “over there”意为“那边的”，是后置定语，它表示前面名词“lady”
（女士）是“确指”的说法，因此要加上定冠词“the”。后半句意为“一位大 学教师”，是泛指的说法，因此要加上不定冠词“a”或“an”。由于 “university”的读音起始于辅音“j”，因此要加定冠词“a”。所以本题答案应 该选“C”。
( ) He prefers playing piano to playing hockey.
A) the, the B) the, / C) / , / D) / , the “piano”意为“钢琴”，属于乐器，要求前面加定冠词“the”。后半句中
“hockey”意为“曲棍球”，属于球类活动，要求不加任何冠词。所以本题答 案应该选“B”。
( ) Mr. Black was made manager of our company.
A) / B) a C) an D) the “manager”表示被选的职位，前面不应加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该
选“A”。
此外，冠词还有许多特殊的用法：
1. 由普通名词组成的专有名词前，要加定冠词，如：the Great Wall
（长城）
2. 在拼音名词前，一般不加任何冠词，如：Thomas Green； Changfeng Park
3. 在江、河、湖、海前，即使是拼音名词，也要加定冠词“the”，如：
the Dongting Lake
4. 一般用“单数名词加‘a’；复数名词不加‘the’”来表示“泛指”的 意思。
习题训练：
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用 A、B、C 或 D 表示，填入 空格内):
( ) 1. There is “u” in word “uniform.”.
A) an, a B) an, the C) a, a D) a, the ( ) 2. sign here stands for mistake.
A) A, a B) A, the C) The, a D) The, the ( ) 3. We made Joyce monitor her experience.
A) a, because B) the, because C) / , because of D) the , because of ( ) 4.Two months ago Mr. Green wrote article on Shanghai International Art Festival.
A) the B) an C) a D) /
( ) 5. Q: Is Mr. White teacher of your school? A: Yes. teacher is from Australia.
A) a, A B) a, The C) the, The D) the, A
( ) 6. Paul is European student. He likes to study history of China.
A) a, the B) a, / C) an, the D) an, /
( ) 7. This is honey. As we all know, honey is sweet.
A) / , the B) / , / C) the, / D) the, the ( ) 8. They didn't catch the last train because of .
A) some heavy traffics B) any heavy traffic
C) heavy traffic D) a heavy traffic ( ) 9. It won't take long, it's only walk.
A) ten-minutes B) ten minutes' C) ten minutes D) ten- minute's
二、名词:
名词表示人或物体的名称，有普通名词(park)、专有名词(Peter；Party)、 集合名词(family, class, police)、缩写名词(SARS, CEO, WTO)……等。总体上 说，它们可以分成两大类；即可数名词和不可数名词。要注意它们在句中的不 同要求和变化。
例题解析:
( ) His grandfather is .
A) Robert Bob B) Tom Black C) Kate White D)
Black Green
英语中，人的姓名排列是倒过来的；先是名，即“first name”，后为姓， 即“second name”，也可叫做“family name”或“surname”。做这类题 目，必须先搞清楚哪个单词是表示名字，哪个单词是表示姓氏，名字还要分清 男女性别。这道题中说的是“爷爷”，是男名，所以本题答案应该选“B”。
( ) are playing tennis in the playground.
A) The Browns B) The Brown's C) Browns D)
Brown's
英语中，姓氏前加定冠词“the”，后面加“s”，有“一家人”之意。所以 本题答案应该选“A”。
( ) Be careful. There is a hole in the ground.
A) two-foot-deep B) two-feet-deep C) two-foot deep
D) two-feet deep
这道题目考的是复合形容词。在复合形容词中的名词应该用单数形式，在 整个复合形容词中的各个单词都要用短横“–”来连接。由于它被看作为一个普 通的形容词，因此，在可数名词前还要再加上冠词。此句中，“一个两英尺深的 洞”应译为“a two-foot-deep hole”，所以本题答案应该选“A”。
( ) He’s got bad toothache. He’d better go to .
A) dentist B) the dentist C) the dentist’s D) see the dentists
“去看牙科医生”可译为“go to see the dentist”或“go to the dentist’s”。后一个词语中的“the dentist’s”表示“the dentist’s clinic”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( ) The teachers wondered if the students were in trouble.
A) woman, boy B) woman, boys C) women, boy D) women, boys
英语中，“女教师们”应该译为“women teachers”，而“男学生们” 应 该译为“boy students”。 所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( ) came that Houston Rocket won again and Yao Ming got the most scores.
A) A news B) Message C) Word D) Words
“据说”在英语中有多种说法：“It was said that”、“Word came that”、“News came that”、“A message came that”……等。所以本题答案 应该选“C”。
( ) All of a sudden, something on the ground caught .
A) his eye B) his eyes C) his own eyes D) eyes of his own “catch one’s eye”是固定词组，意为“引起某人注意”；即“be
noticed by sb.”。此句中，“eye”是“视线”之意，由“eyesight”演变而 来。随着语言的发展，一些词语会产生演变，大致上都是朝“简单化”方向发 展，如：“countryside”→“country”、“mankind”→“man”、 “campsite”→“camp”、“in the daytime”→“in the day”……等。所以 本题答案应该选“A”。
( ) The lady with long found her husband had already got three gray .
A) hair, hair B) hair, hairs C) hairs, hair D) hairs, hair
要掌握英语中哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词。但是有些名词具有可 数和不可数两种性质，要靠具体说法来判别。如这道题中的“hair”（头发）就 是这类词。前半句说的是“一头长发”，是不可数名词；后半句说的是“三根白 发”，是可数名词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。
习题训练：
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用 A、B、C 或 D 表示，填入 空格内):
( ) 1. He has got to tell you.
A) a good news B) some news C) a lot news D) many news
( ) 2. It’s seven o’clock. are sitting at table.
A) Mr. Greens B) The Green's C) The Greens D)
Greens
( ) 3. Your brother is the same mine.
A) old as B) age as C) old like D) age like
( ) 4. Our bodies need food to give us .
A) health B) strong C) energy D) taste ( ) 5. A lemon is the same as a banana.
A) yellow B) colour C) fresh D) sweet ( ) 6. What kind of do you like best?
A) watermelon B) the watermelon C) a watermelon D) watermelons
( ) 7. Look at this magazine. Let’s do the about eating habits.
A) quiz B) list C) cooking D) dinner
三、代词:
代词是名词的代用词，有指示代词(this, those)、人称代词主宾格(I, me)、 形容词性物主代词(my)、名词性物主代词(mine)、反身代词(myself)、不定代 词(either, others, anything, nobody)。其中，不定代词的变化最复杂。在不 同的句子中，它们的变化和要求都不一样，这一点我们一定要有充分的认识， 不能掉以轻心。
例题解析:
( ) Would you please give ?
A) him it B) it him C) to him it D) it to him
英语中，当直接宾语（人）与间接宾语（物）都用人称代词时，一定要先 讲间接宾语（物）后讲直接宾语（人），而且要在直接宾语（人）前加上介词 “to”。 所以本题答案应该选“D”。
( ) She always thinks of more than .
A) others, her B) the others, she C) others, herself
D) the others, herself
在英语中，“别人”属于“泛指”，应译为“others”。后半句是介词“of”
的宾语。由于这里的“她”与主语的“她”是属于同一个人，因此不能用人称
代词宾格作宾语，要用反身代词作宾语才对。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( ) Some people like watching the sports news, prefer TV series.
A) the others B) the other C) others D) another
在英语中，“一些……，另一些……”有两种译法：“Some …, the
others …”是属于“非此即彼”的两部分情况，而“Some …, others …”是 指有第三部分的情况存在。本题意为“一部分人喜欢看体育消息，而另一部分 人比较欣赏电视剧”，显然还有其他人喜欢其他的内容，所以本题答案应该选 “C”。
( ) The light in the room was too poor for to see it clearly.
A) everyone B) someone C) anyone D) none
英语中，“too … to”意为“太……而不能”，具有否定的含义。因此， “for sb.”中应该选运用在否定句中的“anyone”才对。所以本题答案应该选 “C”。
( ) the fuel here is from foreign countries, so we must make full use of it.
A) Some B) Much C) The most of D) Most of
带有定冠词“the”的名词前，应该用代词词组：“some of”（意为“其 中一些”）、“much of”（意为“其中许多”）、“most of”（意为“其中大多 数”）……等。“the mose of”（意为“其中最多的”）在本句中的译法欠妥，所 以本题答案应该选“D”。
( ) Can you call on my mother on Saturday or Sunday? I’m afraid
day is possible
A) either B) each C) both D) neither
在英语中，有“两者”和“三者以上”的不同词语说法：“both”意为 “两者都”、“all”意为“三者以上都”、“neither”意为“两者都不”、 “none”或“no one”意为“三者以上都不”、“either”意为“两者之一”、 “one”意为“三者以上之一”、“between”意为“两者之间”、“among”意 为“三者以上之间”。根据本题句意，答句应该是说“我恐怕没有一天能行”， 所以本题答案应该选“D”。
( ) There are three bathrooms in the house. One is upstairs, two
are downstairs.
A) other B) the other C) others D) the others
在英语中，“另两个”的译法有多种：“the other two”、“the others”、 “the rest”。由于本句中讲到三间浴室，“另两间”的说法应该是“确指” 的，因此，必须有定冠词“the”。又由于后句已经写了“two”，因此这里要选 作形容词用的“other”。 所以本题答案应该选“B”。
( ) The dishes on Table One are much fewer than on Table Two.
A) that B) those C) dishes D) /
要注意所比较的两个对象具有对称性：这句是“the dishes on Table One”（一桌上的菜）和“the dishes on Table Two”（二桌上的菜）作比较， 因此后半句中的“菜”字不能省略。“that”与“those”是比较级句中的专用 代词。由于该句中所比较的对象是复数，因此，要用“those”来代替前面的 名词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。
( ) There are more people in this room than in that one.
A) that B) those C) people D) /
要注意在“There is …”或“There are …”的比较级句型中，习惯上不 用上题所讲到的专用代词。所以本题答案应该选“D”。
习题训练：
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用 A、B、C 或 D 表示，填入 空格内):
( ) 1. Show your watch me. is slow.
A) to, Mine B) to, My C) for, Mine D) for, My ( ) 2. do you like , the summer holidays or the winter holidays?
A) What, better B) What, best C) Which, better D)
Which, best
( ) 3. She wrote a letter and enclosed a photo of taken in her housing estate.
A) herself B) her C) her’s D) myself ( ) 4. She told Jack, Tom and me to among .
A) talk it over, us B) talk over it, us
C) talk it over, ourselves D) talk over it, ourselves
( ) 5. I’ll do it by myself. I won’t need help.
A) anyone’s else B) anyone else’s C) anyone others’ D) other anyone’s
( ) 6. I heard until my friend told me about it.
A) everything B) something C) nothing D) anything ( ) 7. Would you like more bread, Jack?
A) any B) another C) little D) a little
( ) 8. Only one student got the right answer. But didn’t.
A) the other B) another C) others D) the rest ( ) 9. He doesn't think of them will go there with you.
A) none B) some C) many D) much ( )10. The film is dull and people like it.
A) a few B) few C) a little D) little ( )11. Have you all ?
A) got ready everything B) got everything ready for
C) got everything ready D) got ready for everything ( )12. Help to some sweets, everyone.
A) yourselves B) your own C) yourself D) by yourself
( )13. He has six uncles. Five of them are doctors and is a driver.
A) another B) the sixth C) other D) the other
( )14. Believe or not, I did it all by .
A) me B) us C) myself D) ourselves
( )15. A: Are these two books yours ? B: No, of them is mine.
A) either B) none C) both D) neither ( )16. Neither of the twins the toy train.
A) like B) likes C) is like D) are
like
四、数词:
数词有基数词和序数词之分：基数词表示数量概念；序数词表示顺序概 念。首先要注意一些数词在写法上的变化，如：forty；ninth；twentieth 更要 注意它们在句子中的不同用法和变化。
例题解析:
( ) About students went to the picture show that day.
A) hundreds of B) two hundreds C) two hundred of
D) two hundred “about”意为“大约”，是指具体数量，因此，不能用表示不定数量的词
语“hundreds of”（意为“成百个”）。在表示确定数量时，英语中的 “hundred”不加“s”，即不变复数。再由于“students”前没有定冠词 “the”，不是“其中”之意，因此，也不能加介词“of”。 所以本题答案应该 选“D”。
( ) of Class Four students have joined the singing group.
A) Three-fifths, the B) Three-fifth, the C) Three-fifths, /
D) Three-fifth, /
英语中，“几分之几”的表达方式是分子用基数词、分母用序数词，中间用 短横“–”连接。当分子大于“一”时，分母序数词要加“s”。再由于本题句中 数量用的是“of”词组，即意为“其中的五分之三”，因此后面的名词 “students”必定是“确指”的，要加定冠词“the”。 所以本题答案应该选 “A”。在这里要特别注意的是：不要看到“students”前有修饰词“Class Four”就不敢加定冠词“the”，要懂得这里的“the”是修饰“students” 的。同样，“the English language”词语的表达形式也类似于此种情况。
习题训练:
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用 A、B、C 或 D 表示，填入 空格内):
( ) 1.John has twelve coins and Joan has ones, three times as many as John.
A) thirteen B) fifteen C) thirty-six D) forty-eight ( ) 2.The post code used in our neighbourhood is .
A) 56348574 B) 200333 C) a quarter D) a dozen
( ) 3.Today is her brother’s birthday. is on .
A) She, fifth of May B) She, May fifth C) Hers, May fifth
D) Hers, May the fifth
( ) 4. of the students go to school by bike.
A) Two-three B) Two-thirds C) Two-threes D) Two- third
( ) 5.There are about seats in the hall.
A) two hundreds B) two hundred C) hundreds of D) two hundred of
( ) 6. A: How often should we publish the paper? B: .
A) In one week’s time B) Once a month C) After two weeks D) For half a month
( ) 7. About the students went to the Science Museum last Thursday.
A) hundreds of B) two hundred C) two hundred of D) two hundreds
五、介词: 介词是一种虚词，它不能单独使用，后面要跟名词、人称代词宾格或动名
词。同一个动词，搭配不同的介词，可以衍变出各种不同含义的词组来，而且 在不同场合所用介词也各不相同。因此，介词的用法是比较复杂的，要求我们 去逐个记住。只有在看懂、理解整个句意的前提下，才能选对正确的介词。
例题解析:
( ) Mr. Brown flew to Washington the night before last.
A) in B) on C) at D) /
在表达某一天的具体时间时，应该用介词“on”。但是本句是表达“在前 天的夜里”，与“在前天”(the day before yesterday）相仿，前面不该用任 何介词，所以本题答案应该选“D”。
( ) The school gate is the north of the classroom building.
A) in B) to C) on D) at
在英语中，表达“东、南、西、北”的方位介词常见有三个：表示在方位
区域的内部时，用介词“in”。如：The playground is in the south of the school.（操场在学校的南面。）表示在与方位区域连壤的外部时，应该用介词 “on”。如：Room 203 is on the west of Room 205.（203 室在 205 室的西 面。）表示在与方位区域不连壤的外部时，应该用介词“to”。如：Shanghai is to the east of Nanjing.（上海在南京的东面。）本题的“校门”在“教学大 楼”的北面，应该用介词“to”，所以答案应该选“B”。
( ) You’ll get one thousand dollars .
A) after all B) at all C) in all D) all together “after all”意为“到底”、“毕竟”、“终于”；“at all”通常与“not”连
用，意为“完全不”、“一点也不”；“in all”通常用于数量词后面，意为“总 共”，同义词是“altogether”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( ) This bus can run 70 miles an hour.
A) for B) with C) at D) in
在表示“速度”、“温度”、“价格”意思时，应该用介词“at”。所以本题答 案应该选“C”。
( ) It’s said he stayed there quietly two o’clock that afternoon.
A) on B) at C) until D) by
“at two o’clock that afternoon”意为“在昨天下午两点钟”，时态通 常用“过去进行时”；“by two o’clock that afternoon”意为“在昨天下午 两点钟前”， 时态通常用“过去完成时”；“until two o’clock that afternoon”意为“直到昨天下午两点钟”， 时态通常用“一般过去时”。本句 中“stay”是延续动词，因此可用“until”句型；如果句中谓语是瞬间动词的 话，就应该用“not …until”句型了。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( ) Tom didn’t attend the lecture yesterday evening his illness.
A) as B) for C) because D)because of
在本句中，“因为生病”是一个词语，而不是原因状语从句，因此，不能选 连词“as”、“for”或“because”来连接，而要用介词词组“because of”。 所以本题答案应该选“D”。
( ) Now it’s quite important us to make full use of time.
A) for B) to C) of D) with
“It’s important to sb.”（ 意为“它对某人来说很重要”）是词语搭配，
“It’s … for sb. to do …”（意为“做某事对某人来说是怎样的”）是句型。 当两者交叉、重叠使用时，词语要让位于句型。所以本题答案应该选“A”。同 样，“I like it so much that …”句型中用“so”、而不用“very”，也属于这 种类型的表达方式。
( ) It’s nice you to get the ticket F1. It’s said the car-race is very exciting.
A) of, for B) for, for C) of, of D) for, of
这句是“It’s … of sb. to do”句型，意为“某人真是怎么样，做了某 事”。后半句中“ticket for”是固定词语，意为“什么内容的票子”。 所以本 题答案应该选“A”。
习题训练:
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用 A、B、C 或 D 表示，填入 空格内):
( ) 1. You can draw it paints and brushes.
A) by B) with C) in D) use ( ) 2. What did you have breakfast?
A) as B) with C) about D) for
( ) 3. The police helping to make our city a safe place to live and work .
A) is, in B) are, in C) is, / D) are, / ( ) 4. I’ve got three question you to think about.
A) of B) for C) give D) to show ( ) 5. We can ask people the Festival to do the quiz.
A) in B) on C) at D) for
( ) 6. What happens when we put some sugar a glass of warm water?
A) on B) off C) out D) into ( ) 7. they arrived at the village after all.
A) At the end B) In the end C) Last D) Attentively
( ) 8. The class teacher was sent Christmas cards some of
the students.
A) to, by B) / , by C) to, from D) / , to ( ) 9. Q: What is that film ? A: It’s a science film.
A) like B) about C) on D) for
( )10. Why not ask your friend some advice if you’re really in trouble?
A) offer B) to give C) to D) for
( )11. The beautiful house is sale. But it won’t be sale.
A) on, for B) for, on C) with, for D) with, on ( )12. The weather here was cold last week.
A) a kind B) a kind of C) kind of D) kinds of ( )13. The singing group is made four handsome lads.
A) of B) from C) up of D) up from ( )14. Something wrong my watch, I'm afraid.
A) is, with B) is, in C) are, with D) are, in ( )15. There a man and two women the picture.
A) is, on B) are, in C) are, on D) is, in ( )16. Mary doesn’t know what lies ahead. , she’s only 12.
A) At all B) In all C) After all D) For
all
( )17. Should we the postage the parcel by ourselves?
A) pay, on B) pay, of C) pay for, on D) pay for, of ( )18. Alice her service to the public.
A) was awarded the prize for B) was deserved to get the prize
for for
C) was proud for D) was pleased
六.动词:
动词八种时态、语态和几种变化形式
一般现在时 一般过去时
八种时态
(经常,反复,爱好,特点,条件,真理) (过去发生的事,不强调现在的结果)
主动语态
do; does did; -ed
被动语态
am;is;are done was;were
done
一般将来时
(将要发生的事)
will do
will be done
现在进行时
(现在正在发生的事)
am;is;are doing
am;is;are
being done
过去进行时
(当时正在发生的事)
was;were doing
was;were
being done
现在完成时
(过去发生的事,强调现在的结果)
have;has done
have;has
been done
过去完成时 done 过去将来时 done
(过去完成的事；过去以前发生的事)
had done
had been
(过去将要发生的事)
would do
would be
*
不定式:
*
*
*
*
*
* *
*
*
*
*
* *
do; not do; to do; not to do
现在分词: doing
done
命令式: do; don't do
动名词: doing 过去分词:
例题解析:
( ) Look. Mary a nice dog. She it just now.
A) has drawn, drew B) drew, has drawn C) is drawing, drew D) is drawing, has drawn
在“Look”、“It’s evening”、“Where is sb. …?”等句子后面，可能要 用“现在进行时”，也有可能要用“现在完成时”。反正，要根据具体情况来具 体分析，考虑问题一定要从整体情况着眼。本题后半句“just now”意为“刚 才”，很明显要用“一般过去时”，因此前句如用“现在进行时”就不妥，造成 句意逻辑上的错误。前句用“现在完成时”才对。所以本题答案应该选“A”。 ( ) This kind of fridge very well.
A) sell B) sells C) are sold D) is sold
在英语中，表达某物销路不错，要用表示“特点”的“一般现在时”形
式，而不能用“被卖”这种被动语态形式来表示。由于本句主语“this kind of
fridge”是单数第三人称，所以本题答案应该选“B”。
( ) What Mr. Smith? He looks worried so much.
A) happens with B) happens to C) happened with D) happened to
在英语中，“发生”通常可译为“happened”或“took place”，要注意它 不能变“被动语态”。本题之意是“史密斯先生发生了什么事？他显得很焦 虑。”因此，“发生”不能用表示经常行为的“一般现在时”形式，应该用“一 般过去时”的“happened to sb.”固定词组来表达。所以本题答案应该选 “D”。
( ) Mary: Shall I tell Michael about the news?
Jack: No, you . He’s already known it.
A) can’t B) mustn’t C) needn’t D) don’t
本题是考核情态动词句型的正确回答。在“Must I do …?”、“Shall I do …?”、“Would you like me to do …?”问句后面都可以用“No, you
needn’t.”(不必要)来回答。本题根据后句的句意应该选此回答为妥。所以答 案应该选“C”。在“May I …?”问句后面，通常有以下几种否定回答：1. No, you mustn’t. 2.No, you may not. 3. Sorry, you can’t. 4.I’m afraid you can’t. 5. No, you can’t.
( ) clothes are usually near a fire in winter.
A) Washed, hung B) Washed, hanged C) Washing, hung D) Washing, hanged
“washed”意为“被洗过的”，可以修饰“衣服”；“washing”意为“正 在洗的”，它该修饰人、不该修饰“衣服”。后句意为“被挂在火炉旁”，该用过 去分词“hung”才对。“hanged”也是“hang”的过去分词，但是它的意思 是“被绞死”。所以本题答案应该选“A”。
( ) The book by me. I it to a friend of mine.
A) is written, sent B) is written, have sent
C) was written, sent D) was written, have sent
“书是被某人写的”、“书是在某地方被写的”都是表示发生在以前的动
作，该用一般过去时被动语态。如过说“书是被用英语写的”，那就是指书的特 点了，就该用一般现在时被动语态了。后半句意为“我把它寄给朋友了”是强 调现在书不在我这里。不是强调过去寄的，不该用一般过去时，而该用现在完 成时。这种类型的时态，学生最容易错，千万要注意。英语中有许多动作是以 前发生的、但没有时间状语的句子都用“现在完成时”表达。所以本题答案应 该选“D”。
( ) Mr. Jackson the city quite well since he in the city for a couple of years.
A) knows, was B) has known, was C) knows, has been D) has known, has been
本句中的“since”不是“自从”之意，因此，前半句与后半句用“现在完 成时”和“一般现在时”的形式做是错误的。本句中的“since”意为“由 于”，与“as”近义。根据句意，“熟悉城市”是表示杰克逊先生的“特点”，要 用“一般现在时”表达；“他来到这个城市有两、三年了”是表示到现在为止 的结果情况，要用“现在完成时”表达。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( ) Could you tell me ?
A) how to do it B) why do it C) how to do D) what to do it
由于“do”通常用作及物动词，因此要注意它有否宾语。要避免“C”的 没有宾语和“D”的重叠宾语的错误。“B”是不定式遗漏了“to”，所以本题答 案应该选“A”。关于“do”的这种特点很重要，为了熟记它，可以背一句口 诀：“how to do it, what to do”。
( ) English is his favourite subject. He can it very fluently.
A) say B) talk C) speak D) tell
由于后句“it”指的是“English”，因此要用动词“speak”才对。所以本 题答案应该选“C”。“talk”是不及物动词，后面不跟宾语。“speak”既可作 不及物动词用，也可作及物动词，宾语只能是语言。“tell”的宾语有限；有“a story”、“the difference”、“the truth”、“a lie”、“the time”等。“say”可 跟的宾语最多，不再一一例举。由此句我们得到启示；即我们在做习题时不要 被单词的表面现象所迷惑，一定要看清楚它的内涵，即注意到它的真正含义是
什么。再举两个例子来说明注意内涵的重要性：例 1. A recorder is used to
learn English in our class. 例 2. His spoken English is poor. He only speaks a word of it.
( ) Mr. Black is the manager of this company. He this company.
A) takes charge of B) is responsible to C) is in the charge of D) has the duty from
在英语中，“他负责这家公司”有多种说法，如：1. He is in charge of this company. 2. His job is to be in charge of this company. 3. This company is in the charge of him. 4. He is responsible for this company.
5. He has the duty of this company. 6. He takes charge of this company.
在这里要注意动词与介词的搭配关系，不要记错了。本题答案应该选“A”。
( )10. Please the city map before you go sightseeing.
A) look at B) have a look C) watch D) read
在英语中，“看”在不同场合有不同的译法。“look at”意为“粗略地 看”；“have a look”意为“看一下”，其后不能跟宾语；“watch”意为“注 视、仔细地看”，虽然可以跟“地图”搭配，但是，它只是表示一种“看”的状 态，没有“查看路线”之意。“看书”、“看地图”都要用动词“read”，意为 “阅读”、“查看”。所以本题答案应该选“D”。
习题训练:
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用 A、B、C 或 D 表示，填入 空格内):
( ) 1. They any food. They’ve got plenty of for the picnic.
A) needn’t, it B) needn’t, them C) don’t need, it D) don’t need, them
( ) 2. His favourite is a taxi driver.
A) job, to be B) job, / C) work, to be D) work, / ( ) 3. Why does like this uniform?
A) he not, wearing B) not he, wearing C) he not, wear D) not he, wear
( ) 4. You can not only learn make the delicious drink, you can also it.
A) to , eat B) to, eat C) how to, enjoy D) how
to, enjoy
( ) 5. Have you all your pens yet?
A) prepared B) prepared for C) preparation D) preparation for
( ) 6. Danny practises twice week.
A) to swim, a B) to swim, every C) swimming, a D) swimming, every
( ) 7. You must to catch fish here near the pond.
A) not try B) try not C) not to try D) to try not
( ) 8. When we on the air-conditioner in summer, we feel more comfortable.
A) sit B) put C) turn D) open ( ) 9. Would you mind the window ?
A) my closing B) my close C) to close D) for close
( )10. The teacher kept the pupils for five hours.
A) waiting B) to wait C) to waiting D) waits
( )11. Mr. Green China for six years.
A) has been in B) has been to C) has come to D) has gone to
( )12. They could hardly understand what the engineer said, ?
A) couldn't they B) didn't they C) could they D) did they
( )13. Tell him afraid of dogs.
A) not be B) not to be C) don't be D) won't be
( )14. If he here tomorrow, please tell him when his uncle .
A) will come, comes B) comes, comes C) comes, will come D)
will come, will come
( )15. The postage on the parcel me a lot of money.
A) took B) spend C) paid D) cost ( )16. Have you who took away your key ?
A) found B) found out C) looked for D) got ( )17. Paris isn't the capital of Britain, is it ? .
A) Yes, it is B) No, it isn't C) Yes, it isn't D) No, it is
( )18. The boss made the workers for hours.
A) work B) to work C) working D) works ( )19. My hope is an engineer in 10 years' time.
A) become B) to become C) becoming D) became
( )20. We will go to the factory to work for .
A) sometimes B) some time C) some times D) sometime
( )21. Which subject do you , English or maths ?
A) like best B) prefer best C) like most D) prefer
( )22. If it is true, it many interesting questions.
A) is raised B) rose C) raises D) rises
( )23. Please your hands if you’ve got the answer.
A) put up B) set up C) get up D) make up
( )24. By the age of ten, the little girl her first collection of poems. She’s now very famous.
A) has published B) had published C) published D) would publish
( )25. Mary should at once.
A) operate on B) be operated C) be operated on D)
operate
( )26. Do you mind my using your dictionary for a while? .
A) Of course not B) Yes, please C) It doesn't matter D)
Yes, here you are
( )27. Where ? To the teachers' office.
A) have you gone B) has he gone C) is he going to D) have you been to
( )28. Please make the same mistake again, Tom.
A) don’t try to B) try don’t to C) try to not D) try not to ( )29. Q: you Jim this morning? A: Yes. I him just now.
A) Have…seen, saw B) Did…see, saw
C) Have…seen, have seen D) Did…see, have seen ( )30. English is the language in Australia, isn’t it?
A) using B) used C) speaking D) is spoken
( )31. When you go out, don’t forget to keep the windows .
A) open B) opening C) opened D) to open ( )32. We the lady was good at skiing.
A) told B) wondered C) were asked D) were told
( )33. Sorry, I understand the business letter. Because it written in English.
A) don’t, is B) don’t, was C) didn’t, is D) didn’t, was ( )34. Some boys were seen into the hospital.
A) going B) entering C) taking D) to send
( )35. He, with another policewoman, the streets in City Centre.
A) walk on B) walk around C) walks on D) walks around
( )36. The soup bowl . it yesterday?
A) was broken, Was…broken B) is broken, Was…broken
C) was broken, Did…break D) is broken, Has…broken ( )37. Unluckily, they were with a big storm halfway.
A) caught B) come across C) met D) happened
( )38. He is poor at spoken English. He can’t even a word of it.
A) say B) talk C) speak D)tell
( )39. Jack be absent today. I saw him playing in the playground a moment ago.
A) mustn’t B) needn’t C) isn’t able to D) can’t
( )40. You should go on the text until you able to recite it.
A) reading, are B) reading, were C) to read, will be D) to read, were ( )41. Q: Must we do eye exercises every day, Miss Liu? A: I’m afraid .
A) you mustn’t B) you must C) you needn’t D) you can’t ( )42. We may each other somewhere before.
A) meet B) met C) have met D) to meet ( )43. He doesn’t know next.
A) how to do B) what to do it C) when to do D) where to go ( )44. The lady thinks she is too fat, and she is planning now.
A) to keep fit B) reduce his weight C) to go on a diet
D) stop her from eating
( )45. The house is on fire. Let’s go and the fire together.
A) put off B) put out C) put down D) put away
( )46. It’s these days. You’d better your greatcoat before you go out.
A) snowing, in B) snowy, wear C) snowing, have on D) snowy, put
on
( )47. His family used to in the past.
A) go hungry B) be hungry C) going hungry D) being hungry ( )48. Never forget “Excuse me” when you trouble someone.
A) to speak B) to say C) speaking D) saying ( )49. The music so wonderful that I liked it very much.
A) looked B) heard C) listened D) sounded
( )50. The flat him nearly all his money.
A) cost B) took C) spent D) paid ( )51. You may the book for another week.
A) borrow B) lend C) keep D) hold ( )52. He go to work by bike but now he taking a bus
A) is used to, is used to B) used to, used to
C) is used to, used to D) used to, is used to ( )53. The music is nice. But it's too loud. Please the radio.
A) turn down B) turn up C) turn on D) turn
off
( )54. A: I play football now? B: No, you mustn't.
A) Need B) Must C) May D) Will ( )55.What you I'm a teacher?
A) makes, to think B) make, to think C) makes, think D) make, think
( )56. What did you at the meeting?
A) talk B) speak C) tell D) say ( )57. Let's go for a walk after supper, ?
A) will you B) don’t we C) shan’t we D) shall
we
( )58. Neither he nor I good at drawing.
A) am B) is C) are D) don't ( )59. A: What's in the box? B: in it.
A) There are letters B) It is a letter C) They are letters
D) There is a letter
( )60. It me half an hour to get there.
A) spends B) pays C) takes D) costs
七、形容词和副词: 英语中，形容词和副词有级的变化。在两个范围内，应该用比较级，它的
修饰词有这样几个：much, far, a lot(得多); a little(一点); even(甚至于还要);
still(更加)。在三个以上范围内，应该用最高级，它常伴随的词语有这样几个：
in﹢sp.(表达地点范围)；of、among﹢数词、代词或复数名词(表达个数范 围)；… that I ever seen(表达整体范围)。但是有不少单词仍要求用原级，它 们是：very …；so …；quite …；too …；… enough；as … as 等；此外在 感叹句中也应该用原级。
在连系动词后，通常要用形容词作表语，不能用副词。英语中的连系动词 分三大类：1.be 动词 2.意为“变”的动词，如：turn green；change fatter；get warmer；become smaller 等 3.感官动词，如：look worried； sound true；taste delicious；smell terrible；feel hot。此外，还有个别行 为动词也可作连系动词用，如：grow taller(长高)；go hungry(挨饿)……等。 不过还应该注意到，有些副词是可以修饰 be 动词的，如：possibly； probably；still；nearly；indeed …等。
例题解析:
( ) The knife is enough for you to cut the meat.
A) blunt B) cheap C) sharp D) fast
本题意为“刀够快，你可以切肉”。本句中的“快”意为“锋利”，该用 “sharp”。“blunt”意为“钝”，是“sharp”的反义词；“cheap”意为“便 宜”，用在这里不妥；“fast”也译作“快”，但是，它所表示的是“速度”的 程度。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( )16. Grandmother wakes up early. She gets up late, does she?
A) few B) little C) seldom D) usually
应该用副词来修饰行为动词“get up”。“few”与“little”是形容词，都 不能用在句子中。副词“usually”虽可用于修饰“get up”，但是，它的反意 疑问句该用“doesn’t she”来反问。“seldom”与“not”、“no”、 “never”、“nothing”、“nobody”、“none”、“little”、“few”、“hardly”、 “scarcely”、“rarely”相仿，在语法上有否定的特点；即它们在位的句子在语 法上都属于否定句，因此，它的反意疑问句该用“does she”来反问。所以本 题答案应该选“C”。
( ) If you want to learn a language well, you must use it as as possible.
A) hard B) long C) often D)soon
本句的关键词是“use”(使用)，与“hard”(努力)不宜搭配。“as long as
possible”意为“尽可能长久”，“as soon as possible”意为“尽快”，都不 宜与“使用英语”搭配；与“学好语言”之意不符。只有“as often as possible”(尽可能经常)与“使用英语”搭配才贴切。所以本题答案应该选 “C”。
( ) This is really a large amount of money. But it is than we need.
A) much fewer B) less much C) far more D) far
less
“but”是表示“意思转折”的连词，因此，这里不能说“多得多”，要说
“少得多”。“多”(many, much)的比较级都是“more”；但是“少”(few, little)的比较级有可数(fewer)与不可数(less)之分，平时学生往往会忽略 “fewer”的用法。本句的意思是“这确实是一大笔钱，但是要比我们所需要 的数量少得多。”这里指的是数量，而在英语中数量的表达是属于不可数的。所 以本题答案应该选“D”。
( ) Glad you’re much better now. But you have to stay in bed for
two weeks.
A) other B) more C) again D) another
“再卧床两星期”可译为“stay in bed for another two weeks”或 “stay in bed for two more weeks”，所以本题答案应该选“D”。要特别注 意第二种说法中“more”的位置；它要放在数词的后面、名词的前面。
( ) It was said that he was at the meeting yesterday afternoon.
A) attended B) joined C) present D) absent
在英语中，“出席会议”可译为“attend the meeting”或“be present at the meeting”；“缺席会议”可译为“be absent from the meeting”。 “join”意为“加入”，后面可以跟表示人群或组织的名词作宾语，它不能用 “会议”作宾语。所以本题答案应该选“C”。“present”除了有形容词“出席 的”意思外，还有名词“礼物”(gift) 和“目前”的意思，如：at the present(当前；即 nowadays)。
( ) Look. The baby hasn’t woken up yet.
A) sleeping B) sleepy C) asleep D) slept “sleepy”意为“睡眼惺忪的”，没有“睡着”之意。“slept”(睡着)是
“sleep”的过去式或过去分词，它不能用作“baby”的定语。“asleep”(睡
着的)在英语中只能用作表语，即后面不能跟名词，如：fall asleep。 “sleeping”(睡着的)在英语中可作定语、表语，还可以作为动名词用作主 语、宾语或作为现在分词用在分词短语中。本题意为“你看，那个睡着的婴儿 还没醒来”，只能用“sleeping”来修饰名词“baby”，所以答案应该选“A”。 ( ) A child may feel if he has no sister or brother in his family.
A) lone B) lonely C) alone D) along “lone”(孤单的)表示状态，通常用作定语；“alone”(孤单的)也表示状
态，通常用作表语，它还可以用作副词，意为“单独”（by oneself; without anyone’s help）；“lonely”(孤单的) 表示心情，通常与“feel”连用； “along”作介词有“沿着”之意，作副词时可替换“on”。本句之意是“如果 在家里没有弟妹，孩子会感到孤单”，所以答案应该选“B”。
习题训练:
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用 A、B、C 或 D 表示，填入 空格内):
( ) 1. Stay with us. we will have Lantern Festival.
A) Now B) Then C) Quickly D) Soon
( ) 2. You’d better wear scarves and gloves. Then you’ll be .
A) warm enough B) warmer enough C) enough warm D) enough warmer
( ) 3. It’s here Qing Ming Festival.
A) raining, on B) raining, at C) rainy, on D) rainy, at
( ) 4. You are as my cousin, I think.
A) as healthy B) so healthy C) healthier D) less healthy
( ) 5. Mr. Ling had an unhealthy diet and did exercise.
A) never B) not C) no D) a little ( ) 6. He does a lot of different things .
A) either B) also C) as well D) so ( ) 7. There was usually a jam because of the traffic.
A) big B) busy C) heavy D)
much
( ) 8. Joe is . He never makes his bed or tidies his room.
A) bright B) safe C) delicious D) lazy ( ) 9. The driver was tired and almost immediately fell .
A) sleepy B) sleeping C) asleep D) sleep
( )10. She liked the white cat much that she kept it there for a long time.
A) so, watching B) very, watching C) so, to watch D) very, to watch
( )11. my opinion, the bear is still .
A) To, alive B) To, living C) In, alive D) To, living
( )12. Mrs. Blue is at home. I saw her the gate just now.
A) probably, entering B) probably, enter C) possibly, entering D) possible, enter
( )13. It’s not easy to learn English well, we need to practise as as possible.
A) soon B) more C) much D) harder ( )14. This morning I got up earlier .
A) than usually B) than usual C) than usually do D) than I usually ( )15. Water can be turned into ice if the temperature is enough.
A) little B) cold C) cool D) low ( )16. Jack did it more carefully than in the team.
A) any boy B) any other girl C) any other boys D) any of the other boys
( )17. He never smokes. does his father.
A) So B) Neither C) Also D) Too ( )18. People over there don't speak English.
A) / B) is C) live D) are ( )19. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower is TV tower in Asia.
A) the higher B) higher C) highest D) a
very high
( )20. We believe that Tim can run to win the first prize.
A) too fast B) so fast C) fast enough D) enough fast
( )21. Most of us like to buy these Teddy Bears. They look so .
A) nicely B) well C) beautifully D) lovely
( )22. Jerry is a CEO of a famous company. He is as as a bee.
A) busy B) brave C) blind D) bright
( )23. Mary was still , so she had one more cake.
A) thirsty B) cold C) hungry D) angry
( )24. － Do you mind if I turn the TV a bit?
－Yes, I do. I’m busy with my homework now.
A) on B) up C) down D) off
八、宾语从句: 整个句子是一个动词或一个介词的宾语，这样的句子就叫做宾语从句。宾
语从句是整个复合句的一部分，因此它的变化必然会受到前面主句的影响。在 一般情况下，主句的时态如果是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态也必须作相应的 调整，即由“一般现在时”变为“一般过去时”、 由“现在进行时”变为“过 去进行时”、 由“现在完成时”变为“过去完成时”、 由“一般将来时”变为 “过去将来时”。此外，还要根据句意，对其他各种词语作相应的调整，如： you → he；ago → before；next week → the next week，… 等。
但是，也有例外；即带有真理性质的“一般现在时”不变。“真理”通常有 以下几种表达形式：1.宇宙、自然界的规律活动 2.类似于光速比音速快的固定 法则 3.没有时间概念的词义或句意，如：He asked me what this word means.
“疑问句”作宾语从句时，要注意把词序作必要的调整，即要象肯定句和 否定句那样，先写主语、后写谓语动词。因此，在宾语从句中不该有表示倒叙
形式的助动词“do”、“does”、“did”。
例题解析:
( ) Please tell me this afternoon.
A) that it rains B) that it will rain C) if it rains D) if it will rain
前句“Please tell me”带有疑问色彩，因此关联词要用疑问代词或疑问副 词，或用也带有疑问色彩的从属连词“if”(是否)，不能选不带疑问色彩的从属 连词“that”。再根据“this afternoon”(今天下午)之意，选表示经常下雨的 “it rains”词语是不妥的。所以本题答案应该选“D”。
( ) I don’t think you will pass the history examination, ?
A) do I B) don’t I C) will you D) won’t you
这是一句特殊的反意疑问句。因为按照语法说成“do I”是毫无意义和违 背常情的，因此该句要根据从句中的动词来进行反问才合乎逻辑。所以本题答 案应该选“C”。
( ) We haven’t discussed we should do like that.
A) about if B) about how C) whether D) if “discuss”是及物动词，与动词“serve”相仿，后面要直接跟宾语。“讨
论关于……”是汉语中的习惯说法，学生往往会错误地选用“about”回答。因 此，我们在学英语时，要特别注意汉语思路的干扰。“whether”、“if”都有 “是否”之意，一般情况下可以通用。但是，在以下几种情况下都应该用 “whether”：1.在句首作主语从句时。2. 与“… or not”连用成词组时。3. 作介词后的宾语从句时。 4. 在“discuss”后作宾语从句时。 5. 跟不定式 “to do…”时。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( ) Could you tell me ?
A) what was the matter with him B) what the matter was with him
C) what’s the matter with him D) what the matter is with him
这是句主谓语不需要调整的特殊的“宾语从句”，因此，只要注意时态的变 化就可以了。由于“Could you …?”句型与“Would you …?”句型相仿， 它是口语中表示客套的一种虚拟语气，不表达“过去时”，因此，后面从句中的 动词不需要作调整，整个从句跟原来的疑问句的说法完全相同。所以本题答案 应该选“C”。在英语中，这种特殊的“宾语从句”为数不多，再记一句
“Which is the way to …?”与它相仿即可。
习题训练:
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用 A、B、C 或 D 表示，填入 空格内):
( ) 1. Miss Blue wanted to know during the summer holidays.
A) where I had gone B) where I had been C) where had I gone D) where had I been
( ) 2. Would you please tell ?
A) which is the way to the Park Hotel B) which the way is to the Park Hotel
C) which the way to the Park Hotel is D) which way to the Park Hotel is
( ) 3. I asked her .
A) which he liked best one C) which one did she like best
C) which one does she like best D) which one she liked best
( ) 4. The teacher asked us .
A) why didn't we tell him about it earlier B) when I have finished my work
C) what we were interested in D) where are we going to have our lunch
( ) 5. I’d be interested to know come before 9:00 a.m..
A) that he will B) that he would C) if he will D) whether he would
( ) 6. The teacher told us that .
A) the earth turns round the sun. B) the earth turned round the sun.
C) the sun turns round the earth. D) the sun turned round the earth.
( ) 7. As a matter of fact, I really didn’t know .
A) that he meant. B) what he meant C) that did he mean
D) what did he mean
九、并列连词: 并列连词用于两个并列的简单句中。表示“承上启下”概念的有“and”
(并且)、“so”(所以)……等。表示“两者取一”概念的有“or”(或者)、 “otherwise”(否则)……等。表示“彼此矛盾”概念的有“but”(但是)、 “while”(而)……等。
例题解析:
( ) It’s said Yang Liwei will come here tonight, I’m not sure.
A) and B) however C) but D) so
后半句“I’m not sure”(我不信)与前句的句意有转折的意思，应该用表 示具有转折意思的并列连词“but”才对。“and”是具有“承上启下”意思的 并列连词；“so”是具有因果关系的并列连词。“however”(然而)也有转折意 思，但是它是副词，用时要用逗号“，”撇开。
( ) The boy is too short to reach the book the magazine on the shelf.
A) both, and B) either, or C) neither, nor D) not, but “both … and”通常用于表示肯定意思的句型，“not … but”意为“不
是……而是”，用在这里都不妥。该句中句型“too … to”(太……而不能)本身 带有否定含义，因而不能再选带有否定意思的“neither … nor”(既不……也 不)了。所以本题答案应该选“B”，意为“男孩太矮，他既拿不到书架上的书， 也拿不到书架上的杂志”。
( ) Tom Mary is busy. You’d better play with others.
A) Both, and B) Neither, nor C) Either, or D) Not only, but also
根据后句“You’d better play with others”(你最好跟别人玩)的意思， 前句应该说两人都忙着。因此，该句不能选“Neither … nor”(表示两人都不 忙)或“Either … or”(表示有一人忙)。由于该句中动词用的是单三形式 “is”，因此不能选要求动词用复数形式的句型“both … and”。 所以本题答 案应该选“D”。 句型“Not only … but also”与句型“Either … or”和
“Neither … nor”相仿；要求动词跟后面一个人称变化。
( ) Nobody else I likes to watch it.
A) and B) or C) but D) nor
该句用的是“not … but”句型，所以本题答案应该选“C”。要注意句中 的动词是根据前面人称“Nobody”变化的。此外，“together with”和“as well as”句型中的动词也是根据前面人称变化的。
习题训练:
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用 A、B、C 或 D 表示，填入 空格内):
( ) 1. Don’t worry. You can say it in English in Chinese.
A) both, and B) either, or C) not only, also D) not, also
( ) 2. In fact, but I is keen on the fierce dinosaur in the film.
A) somebody B) nobody C) everybody D) anybody
( ) 3. The wall was pulled to the ground, the noise brought many people running there.
A) so B) but C) while D) and
( ) 4. You’d better call a taxi, you won’t be able catch the plane.
A) then, / B) and, to C) or, / D) or, to ( ) 5. Though he is very young, he is the manager here.
A) but B) however C) while D) /
( ) 6. Physics is too difficult to me, it’s interesting and useful.
A) so B) or C) and D) but ( ) 7. she is over sixty, she is still learning computer skills.
A) Since B) If C) Although D)
Unless
十、关联词: 关联词用于主从复合句中。关联词有：从属连词“that”、“if”、
“whether”、“although”；疑问代词“who”、“what”、“which”；疑问副词
“when”、“why”……等。
例题解析:
( ) I will like everything you are willing to buy for me.
A) that B) what C) if D) whether “if”(假如、是否)和“whether”(是否)都不宜用在该句。该句的主句已
有一个宾语“everything”，而从句却少了个宾语，要用关联词“that”才对。 只有当主、从句都缺少宾语时，才该用关联词“what”。因此“what”意为 “something that”、“all that”、“the word that”……等。所以本题答案应 该选“A”。
( ) Although they are young, they know how to serve the customers.
A) but, / B) but, for C) / , / D) / , for
在英语中,“although”、“but”分别有“虽然……但是”的意思，在一句中 不能重叠使用。与此相仿，“because”、“so”也分别有“因为……所以”之 意，在一句中也不能重叠使用。后半句的“为那些顾客服务”不能加介词 “for”；因为“serve”(服务于) 是及物动词，它应该直接跟宾语“the customers”(那些顾客)。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( ) I wonder he will come before 9:00 p.m..
A) what B) that C) when D) if
主句“I wonder”(我想知道)带有疑问色彩，因此，答案不能选不带疑问意 思的关联词“that”。又由于后半句宾语从句对时间已有所交代，而且用的 “come”是不及物动词，不宜跟宾语，因此，该句选“if”(是否)才对。所以 本题答案应该选“D”。
( ) It’s that I’d like to buy it.
A) so nice doll B) such nice doll C) such nice a dollD) so nice a doll “so … that”和“such .. that”句型是由“that”作关联词的结果状语从
句。“so”(那样地)是副词，用于修饰后面的副词或形容词；“such”(那样的) 是形容词，用于修饰后面的名词。因此，“那样漂亮的一个洋娃娃”可译为 “such a nice doll”或“so nice a doll”。 所以本题答案应该选“D”。同 理，感叹句“他是多聪明的孩子啊！”可译为“What a clever child he is!”、 “How clever the child is!”、“How clever a child he is!”。
习题训练:
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用 A、B、C 或 D 表示，填入 空格内):
( ) 1. The doctor left the temple the operation was over.
A) until B) after C) before D) if
( ) 2. I’ll tell you where he comes from who he is .
A) or, either B) or, too C) and, or so D) and, as well ( ) 3. “All the other boys can manage you can’t.” shouted Father.
A) and B) or C) while D) so
( ) 4. It’s said he used to tell a lie, so they didn’t believe him.
A) for B) as C) because D) /
( ) 5. I really don’t know I should do with the used bottles.
A) how B) where C) what D) that
( ) 6. The children didn’t go to bed their mother came back home.
A) before B) when C) until D) while
( ) 7. I had on me at that time that I could not pay for the Christmas card.
A) so little a money B) such little money C) so little money D) such little a money
( ) 8. You ought not to believe just now.
A) what he said B) that he said C) in what he said
D) in that he said
想学好英语，首先要培养对英语的兴趣。“兴趣是最好的老师”,兴趣是学习英 语的巨大动力，有了兴趣，学习就会事半功倍。我们都有这样的经验：喜欢的 事，就容易坚持下去；不喜欢的事，是很难坚持下去的。而兴趣不是与生俱来 的，需要培养。有的同学说：“我一看到英语就头疼，怎么能培养对英语的兴
趣呢？”还有的同学说：“英语单词我今天记了明天忘，我太笨了，唉，我算
没治了。”这都是缺乏信心的表现。初学英语时，没有掌握正确的学习方法，没 有树立必胜的信心，缺乏了克服困难的勇气，丧失了上进的动力，稍遇失败， 就会向挫折缴枪，向困难低头。你就会感到英语是一门枯燥无味的学科，学了 一段时间之后，学习积极性也逐渐降低，自然也就不会取得好成绩。但是，只 要在老师的帮助下，认识到学英语的必要性，用正确的态度对待英语学习，用 科学的方法指导学习。开始时多参加一些英语方面的活动，比如 ，唱英文歌、 做英语游戏、读英语幽默短文、练习口头对话等。时间长了，懂得多了，就有 了兴趣，当然，学习起来就有了动力和欲望。然后，就要像农民一样勤勤恳 恳，不辞辛苦，付出辛勤的劳动和汗水，一定会取得成功，收获丰硕的成果。 毕竟是 No pains, no gains 吗。 练好基本功是学好英语的必要条件，没有扎 实的英语基础，就谈不上继续学习，更谈不上有所成就。要想基本功扎实，必 须全神贯注地认真听讲,上好每一节课，提高课堂效率，脚踏实地、一步一个脚 印地，做到以下“五到”： 一、“心到”。在课堂上应聚精会神，一刻也不能懈 怠，大脑要始终处于积极状态，思维要活跃、思路要开阔，心随老师走，听懂 每一句话，抓住每一个环节，理解每一个知识点，多联想、多思考，做到心领 神会。 二、“手到”。学英语，一定要做课堂笔记。因为人的记忆力是有限的， 人不可能都过目不忘，记忆本身就是不断与遗忘作斗争的过程。常言说，“好脑 筋不如烂笔头”。老师讲的知识可能在课堂上记住了，可是过了一段时间，就会 忘记，所以，做好笔记很有必要。英语知识也是一点点积累起来的，学到的每 一个单词、词组以及句型结构，都记在笔记本上，甚至是书的空白处或字里行 间，这对以后的复习巩固都是非常方便的。 三、“耳到”。在课堂上，认真听讲
是十分必要的，不但要专心听老师对知识的讲解，而且要认真听老师说英语的
语音、语调、重音、连读、失去爆破、断句等发音要领，以便培养自己纯正地 道的英语口语。听见听懂老师传授的每一个知识点，在头脑里形成反馈以帮助 记忆；理解领会老师提出的问题，以便迅速作答，对比同学对问题的回答，以 加深对问题的理解而取别人之长补自己之短。 四、“眼到”。在认真听讲的同 时，还要双眼紧随老师观察老师的动作、口形、表情、板书、绘图、教具展示 等。大脑里形成的视觉信息和听觉信息相结合，印象就会更加深刻。 五、“口 到”。学习语言，不张嘴不动口是学不好的，同学们最大的毛病是读书不出声， 害羞不敢张嘴。尤其是早读课，同学们只是用眼看或默读，这样就只有视觉信 息，而没有听觉信息在大脑里的反馈，当然记忆也不会太深刻，口部肌肉也得 不到锻炼，也就很难练就一口纯正的英语。所以，要充分利用早晨头脑清醒的 时间，大声朗读；课堂上要勇跃回答老师提问、积极参与同学间讨论和辩论， 课下对不清楚的问题及时提出，要克服害羞心理，不耻下问。对学过的课文要 多读、勤读、苦读，可以跟录音机读，竭力模仿其语音语调以纠正发音，要读 得抑扬顿挫朗朗上口，一些精典文章最好能背得滚爪烂熟。利用一切可能的机 会，练习英语口语，比如，与外教交流、参加“英语角”活动、与同学进行对 话、讲英语故事、唱英文歌曲、演英语短剧、进行诗歌朗诵等。除了对课本中 的范文要细读精读之外，还要多看些适合我们中学生的课外读物，既可增长知 识，又开阔了我们的视野，也提高了我们的阅读水平。 学英语，词汇的记忆是 必不可少的，词汇是学好英语的基础，没有了词汇，也就谈不上句子，更谈不 上文章，所以记单词对我们就显得极其重要。记忆单词关键有二： 一是持之以 恒：每天坚持记忆一定量的词汇，过几天再回头复习一次，这样周期循环，反
复记忆，经常使用，就会变短时记忆为长时记忆并牢固掌握。需要注意的是，
一旦开始，就要坚持下来，千万不能半途而废，切不可三天打鱼，两天晒网。 二是良好的记忆方法：记忆单词的方法很多，学无定法，但学有良法。我认 为，张思中的“集中识词，分类记忆”不失为一种适合中学生的好方法。把中 学生应掌握的 3500 个单词集中汇总，分门别类，先过单词关，然后再学教 材，在课本中使用和巩固它们的用法。分类的方法有多种，同一元音或元音字 母组合发音相同的单词归为一类；根据词形词性、同义词反义词等集中记忆； 把相同词根、前缀、后缀、合成、转化、派生等构词法相同的单词或词组列在 一起集中识记印象比较深刻，记忆效果也比较明显。这样每天记 40－80 个单 词，坚持不懈，多联想，多思考，多使用，词汇问题不就解决了吗？在学习的 过程中多注视单词的用法和词组的搭配，牢记老师讲过的单词惯用法和句型， 这样不仅有助于我们解题，而且在写作时也会信手拈来，运用自如。 把单词记 住，了解词性、词义，掌握其固定搭配与习惯用法，背会时态、从句的各种用 法，工作只是完成了一半，我们还得将它们应用到实践中去。就像学游泳，光 学理论，不下水应用，不等于掌握了这门技术。不必要搞题海战术，但一定量 的典型练习来巩固所学知识是必不可少的。先重视基础练习，如课后习题，单 元同步练习，这些是针对课堂知识的巩固性练习，不能好高骛远，光想着一口 吃个胖子。基础知识掌握后，有的放失地做一些语法方面的专项练习和考试题 型的专题练习。特别提倡同学们准备一本“错题集”，把平时做错的具有代表性 的试题或语言点记录下来，以备将来查漏补缺，这样对知识的掌握可以达到事 半功倍的效果。 英语是一种语言，不是记住了单词、词组、句型和语法项目就 是把它学好了，关键在于使用语言，所以在学习英语时一定要注意听、说、
读、写、译全面发展。英语学习首先是一个记忆过程，然后才是实践过程。学
习英语，无论如何，勤奋是不可少的，它是一个日积月累的渐进过程，是没有 任何捷径可走的，也没有所谓“速成”的灵丹妙方，急于求成，不做踏实工 作，是学不好英语的。任何成功的获得都要靠自己的努力，要踏踏实实、勤勤 恳恳、兢兢业业、一步一个脚印地学习，端正态度，认真对待学习中的挫折和 失败。失败并不可怕，可怕的是对自己丧失信心而一蹶不振。对考试的失败， 冷静分析，认真思考，只要对胜利充满信心，善于总结经验教训，不断努力， 不断追求，胜利一定是属于你们的
初中英语知识点总结,初中英语语法例题解析
一、冠词: 冠词用在名词的前面，有定冠词“the”与不定冠词“a；an”之分。定冠
词表示“确指”，译作“这(那)个”；不定冠词表示“泛指”，译作“一个”。 例题解析:
( ) lady over there is university teacher.
A) A, the B) The, an C) The, a D) The, the “over there”意为“那边的”，是后置定语，它表示前面名词“lady”
（女士）是“确指”的说法，因此要加上定冠词“the”。后半句意为“一位大 学教师”，是泛指的说法，因此要加上不定冠词“a”或“an”。由于 “university”的读音起始于辅音“j”，因此要加定冠词“a”。所以本题答案应 该选“C”。
( ) He prefers playing piano to playing hockey.
A) the, the B) the, / C) / , / D) / , the “piano”意为“钢琴”，属于乐器，要求前面加定冠词“the”。后半句中
“hockey”意为“曲棍球”，属于球类活动，要求不加任何冠词。所以本题答 案应该选“B”。
( ) Mr. Black was made manager of our company.
A) / B) a C) an D) the “manager”表示被选的职位，前面不应加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该
选“A”。
此外，冠词还有许多特殊的用法：
1. 由普通名词组成的专有名词前，要加定冠词，如：the Great Wall
（长城）
2. 在拼音名词前，一般不加任何冠词，如：Thomas Green； Changfeng Park
3. 在江、河、湖、海前，即使是拼音名词，也要加定冠词“the”，如：
the Dongting Lake
4. 一般用“单数名词加‘a’；复数名词不加‘the’”来表示“泛指”的 意思。
习题训练：
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用 A、B、C 或 D 表示，填入 空格内):
( ) 1. There is “u” in word “uniform.”.
A) an, a B) an, the C) a, a D) a, the ( ) 2. sign here stands for mistake.
A) A, a B) A, the C) The, a D) The, the ( ) 3. We made Joyce monitor her experience.
A) a, because B) the, because C) / , because of D) the , because of ( ) 4.Two months ago Mr. Green wrote article on Shanghai International Art Festival.
A) the B) an C) a D) /
( ) 5. Q: Is Mr. White teacher of your school? A: Yes. teacher is from Australia.
A) a, A B) a, The C) the, The D) the, A
( ) 6. Paul is European student. He likes to study history of China.
A) a, the B) a, / C) an, the D) an, /
( ) 7. This is honey. As we all know, honey is sweet.
A) / , the B) / , / C) the, / D) the, the ( ) 8. They didn't catch the last train because of .
A) some heavy traffics B) any heavy traffic
C) heavy traffic D) a heavy traffic ( ) 9. It won't take long, it's only walk.
A) ten-minutes B) ten minutes' C) ten minutes D) ten- minute's
二、名词:
名词表示人或物体的名称，有普通名词(park)、专有名词(Peter；Party)、 集合名词(family, class, police)、缩写名词(SARS, CEO, WTO)……等。总体上 说，它们可以分成两大类；即可数名词和不可数名词。要注意它们在句中的不 同要求和变化。
例题解析:
( ) His grandfather is .
A) Robert Bob B) Tom Black C) Kate White D)
Black Green
英语中，人的姓名排列是倒过来的；先是名，即“first name”，后为姓， 即“second name”，也可叫做“family name”或“surname”。做这类题 目，必须先搞清楚哪个单词是表示名字，哪个单词是表示姓氏，名字还要分清 男女性别。这道题中说的是“爷爷”，是男名，所以本题答案应该选“B”。
( ) are playing tennis in the playground.
A) The Browns B) The Brown's C) Browns D)
Brown's
英语中，姓氏前加定冠词“the”，后面加“s”，有“一家人”之意。所以 本题答案应该选“A”。
( ) Be careful. There is a hole in the ground.
A) two-foot-deep B) two-feet-deep C) two-foot deep
D) two-feet deep
这道题目考的是复合形容词。在复合形容词中的名词应该用单数形式，在 整个复合形容词中的各个单词都要用短横“–”来连接。由于它被看作为一个普 通的形容词，因此，在可数名词前还要再加上冠词。此句中，“一个两英尺深的 洞”应译为“a two-foot-deep hole”，所以本题答案应该选“A”。
( ) He’s got bad toothache. He’d better go to .
A) dentist B) the dentist C) the dentist’s D) see the dentists
“去看牙科医生”可译为“go to see the dentist”或“go to the dentist’s”。后一个词语中的“the dentist’s”表示“the dentist’s clinic”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( ) The teachers wondered if the students were in trouble.
A) woman, boy B) woman, boys C) women, boy D) women, boys
英语中，“女教师们”应该译为“women teachers”，而“男学生们” 应 该译为“boy students”。 所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( ) came that Houston Rocket won again and Yao Ming got the most scores.
A) A news B) Message C) Word D) Words
“据说”在英语中有多种说法：“It was said that”、“Word came that”、“News came that”、“A message came that”……等。所以本题答案 应该选“C”。
( ) All of a sudden, something on the ground caught .
A) his eye B) his eyes C) his own eyes D) eyes of his own “catch one’s eye”是固定词组，意为“引起某人注意”；即“be
noticed by sb.”。此句中，“eye”是“视线”之意，由“eyesight”演变而 来。随着语言的发展，一些词语会产生演变，大致上都是朝“简单化”方向发 展，如：“countryside”→“country”、“mankind”→“man”、 “campsite”→“camp”、“in the daytime”→“in the day”……等。所以 本题答案应该选“A”。
( ) The lady with long found her husband had already got three gray .
A) hair, hair B) hair, hairs C) hairs, hair D) hairs, hair
要掌握英语中哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词。但是有些名词具有可 数和不可数两种性质，要靠具体说法来判别。如这道题中的“hair”（头发）就 是这类词。前半句说的是“一头长发”，是不可数名词；后半句说的是“三根白 发”，是可数名词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。
习题训练：
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用 A、B、C 或 D 表示，填入 空格内):
( ) 1. He has got to tell you.
A) a good news B) some news C) a lot news D) many news
( ) 2. It’s seven o’clock. are sitting at table.
A) Mr. Greens B) The Green's C) The Greens D)
Greens
( ) 3. Your brother is the same mine.
A) old as B) age as C) old like D) age like
( ) 4. Our bodies need food to give us .
A) health B) strong C) energy D) taste ( ) 5. A lemon is the same as a banana.
A) yellow B) colour C) fresh D) sweet ( ) 6. What kind of do you like best?
A) watermelon B) the watermelon C) a watermelon D) watermelons
( ) 7. Look at this magazine. Let’s do the about eating habits.
A) quiz B) list C) cooking D) dinner
三、代词:
代词是名词的代用词，有指示代词(this, those)、人称代词主宾格(I, me)、 形容词性物主代词(my)、名词性物主代词(mine)、反身代词(myself)、不定代 词(either, others, anything, nobody)。其中，不定代词的变化最复杂。在不 同的句子中，它们的变化和要求都不一样，这一点我们一定要有充分的认识， 不能掉以轻心。
例题解析:
( ) Would you please give ?
A) him it B) it him C) to him it D) it to him
英语中，当直接宾语（人）与间接宾语（物）都用人称代词时，一定要先 讲间接宾语（物）后讲直接宾语（人），而且要在直接宾语（人）前加上介词 “to”。 所以本题答案应该选“D”。
( ) She always thinks of more than .
A) others, her B) the others, she C) others, herself
D) the others, herself
在英语中，“别人”属于“泛指”，应译为“others”。后半句是介词“of”
的宾语。由于这里的“她”与主语的“她”是属于同一个人，因此不能用人称
代词宾格作宾语，要用反身代词作宾语才对。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( ) Some people like watching the sports news, prefer TV series.
A) the others B) the other C) others D) another
在英语中，“一些……，另一些……”有两种译法：“Some …, the
others …”是属于“非此即彼”的两部分情况，而“Some …, others …”是 指有第三部分的情况存在。本题意为“一部分人喜欢看体育消息，而另一部分 人比较欣赏电视剧”，显然还有其他人喜欢其他的内容，所以本题答案应该选 “C”。
( ) The light in the room was too poor for to see it clearly.
A) everyone B) someone C) anyone D) none
英语中，“too … to”意为“太……而不能”，具有否定的含义。因此， “for sb.”中应该选运用在否定句中的“anyone”才对。所以本题答案应该选 “C”。
( ) the fuel here is from foreign countries, so we must make full use of it.
A) Some B) Much C) The most of D) Most of
带有定冠词“the”的名词前，应该用代词词组：“some of”（意为“其 中一些”）、“much of”（意为“其中许多”）、“most of”（意为“其中大多 数”）……等。“the mose of”（意为“其中最多的”）在本句中的译法欠妥，所 以本题答案应该选“D”。
( ) Can you call on my mother on Saturday or Sunday? I’m afraid
day is possible
A) either B) each C) both D) neither
在英语中，有“两者”和“三者以上”的不同词语说法：“both”意为 “两者都”、“all”意为“三者以上都”、“neither”意为“两者都不”、 “none”或“no one”意为“三者以上都不”、“either”意为“两者之一”、 “one”意为“三者以上之一”、“between”意为“两者之间”、“among”意 为“三者以上之间”。根据本题句意，答句应该是说“我恐怕没有一天能行”， 所以本题答案应该选“D”。
( ) There are three bathrooms in the house. One is upstairs, two
are downstairs.
A) other B) the other C) others D) the others
在英语中，“另两个”的译法有多种：“the other two”、“the others”、 “the rest”。由于本句中讲到三间浴室，“另两间”的说法应该是“确指” 的，因此，必须有定冠词“the”。又由于后句已经写了“two”，因此这里要选 作形容词用的“other”。 所以本题答案应该选“B”。
( ) The dishes on Table One are much fewer than on Table Two.
A) that B) those C) dishes D) /
要注意所比较的两个对象具有对称性：这句是“the dishes on Table One”（一桌上的菜）和“the dishes on Table Two”（二桌上的菜）作比较， 因此后半句中的“菜”字不能省略。“that”与“those”是比较级句中的专用 代词。由于该句中所比较的对象是复数，因此，要用“those”来代替前面的 名词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。
( ) There are more people in this room than in that one.
A) that B) those C) people D) /
要注意在“There is …”或“There are …”的比较级句型中，习惯上不 用上题所讲到的专用代词。所以本题答案应该选“D”。
习题训练：
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用 A、B、C 或 D 表示，填入 空格内):
( ) 1. Show your watch me. is slow.
A) to, Mine B) to, My C) for, Mine D) for, My ( ) 2. do you like , the summer holidays or the winter holidays?
A) What, better B) What, best C) Which, better D)
Which, best
( ) 3. She wrote a letter and enclosed a photo of taken in her housing estate.
A) herself B) her C) her’s D) myself ( ) 4. She told Jack, Tom and me to among .
A) talk it over, us B) talk over it, us
C) talk it over, ourselves D) talk over it, ourselves
( ) 5. I’ll do it by myself. I won’t need help.
A) anyone’s else B) anyone else’s C) anyone others’ D) other anyone’s
( ) 6. I heard until my friend told me about it.
A) everything B) something C) nothing D) anything ( ) 7. Would you like more bread, Jack?
A) any B) another C) little D) a little
( ) 8. Only one student got the right answer. But didn’t.
A) the other B) another C) others D) the rest ( ) 9. He doesn't think of them will go there with you.
A) none B) some C) many D) much ( )10. The film is dull and people like it.
A) a few B) few C) a little D) little ( )11. Have you all ?
A) got ready everything B) got everything ready for
C) got everything ready D) got ready for everything ( )12. Help to some sweets, everyone.
A) yourselves B) your own C) yourself D) by yourself
( )13. He has six uncles. Five of them are doctors and is a driver.
A) another B) the sixth C) other D) the other
( )14. Believe or not, I did it all by .
A) me B) us C) myself D) ourselves
( )15. A: Are these two books yours ? B: No, of them is mine.
A) either B) none C) both D) neither ( )16. Neither of the twins the toy train.
A) like B) likes C) is like D) are
like
四、数词:
数词有基数词和序数词之分：基数词表示数量概念；序数词表示顺序概 念。首先要注意一些数词在写法上的变化，如：forty；ninth；twentieth 更要 注意它们在句子中的不同用法和变化。
例题解析:
( ) About students went to the picture show that day.
A) hundreds of B) two hundreds C) two hundred of
D) two hundred “about”意为“大约”，是指具体数量，因此，不能用表示不定数量的词
语“hundreds of”（意为“成百个”）。在表示确定数量时，英语中的 “hundred”不加“s”，即不变复数。再由于“students”前没有定冠词 “the”，不是“其中”之意，因此，也不能加介词“of”。 所以本题答案应该 选“D”。
( ) of Class Four students have joined the singing group.
A) Three-fifths, the B) Three-fifth, the C) Three-fifths, /
D) Three-fifth, /
英语中，“几分之几”的表达方式是分子用基数词、分母用序数词，中间用 短横“–”连接。当分子大于“一”时，分母序数词要加“s”。再由于本题句中 数量用的是“of”词组，即意为“其中的五分之三”，因此后面的名词 “students”必定是“确指”的，要加定冠词“the”。 所以本题答案应该选 “A”。在这里要特别注意的是：不要看到“students”前有修饰词“Class Four”就不敢加定冠词“the”，要懂得这里的“the”是修饰“students” 的。同样，“the English language”词语的表达形式也类似于此种情况。
习题训练:
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用 A、B、C 或 D 表示，填入 空格内):
( ) 1.John has twelve coins and Joan has ones, three times as many as John.
A) thirteen B) fifteen C) thirty-six D) forty-eight ( ) 2.The post code used in our neighbourhood is .
A) 56348574 B) 200333 C) a quarter D) a dozen
( ) 3.Today is her brother’s birthday. is on .
A) She, fifth of May B) She, May fifth C) Hers, May fifth
D) Hers, May the fifth
( ) 4. of the students go to school by bike.
A) Two-three B) Two-thirds C) Two-threes D) Two- third
( ) 5.There are about seats in the hall.
A) two hundreds B) two hundred C) hundreds of D) two hundred of
( ) 6. A: How often should we publish the paper? B: .
A) In one week’s time B) Once a month C) After two weeks D) For half a month
( ) 7. About the students went to the Science Museum last Thursday.
A) hundreds of B) two hundred C) two hundred of D) two hundreds
五、介词: 介词是一种虚词，它不能单独使用，后面要跟名词、人称代词宾格或动名
词。同一个动词，搭配不同的介词，可以衍变出各种不同含义的词组来，而且 在不同场合所用介词也各不相同。因此，介词的用法是比较复杂的，要求我们 去逐个记住。只有在看懂、理解整个句意的前提下，才能选对正确的介词。
例题解析:
( ) Mr. Brown flew to Washington the night before last.
A) in B) on C) at D) /
在表达某一天的具体时间时，应该用介词“on”。但是本句是表达“在前 天的夜里”，与“在前天”(the day before yesterday）相仿，前面不该用任 何介词，所以本题答案应该选“D”。
( ) The school gate is the north of the classroom building.
A) in B) to C) on D) at
在英语中，表达“东、南、西、北”的方位介词常见有三个：表示在方位
区域的内部时，用介词“in”。如：The playground is in the south of the school.（操场在学校的南面。）表示在与方位区域连壤的外部时，应该用介词 “on”。如：Room 203 is on the west of Room 205.（203 室在 205 室的西 面。）表示在与方位区域不连壤的外部时，应该用介词“to”。如：Shanghai is to the east of Nanjing.（上海在南京的东面。）本题的“校门”在“教学大 楼”的北面，应该用介词“to”，所以答案应该选“B”。
( ) You’ll get one thousand dollars .
A) after all B) at all C) in all D) all together “after all”意为“到底”、“毕竟”、“终于”；“at all”通常与“not”连
用，意为“完全不”、“一点也不”；“in all”通常用于数量词后面，意为“总 共”，同义词是“altogether”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( ) This bus can run 70 miles an hour.
A) for B) with C) at D) in
在表示“速度”、“温度”、“价格”意思时，应该用介词“at”。所以本题答 案应该选“C”。
( ) It’s said he stayed there quietly two o’clock that afternoon.
A) on B) at C) until D) by
“at two o’clock that afternoon”意为“在昨天下午两点钟”，时态通 常用“过去进行时”；“by two o’clock that afternoon”意为“在昨天下午 两点钟前”， 时态通常用“过去完成时”；“until two o’clock that afternoon”意为“直到昨天下午两点钟”， 时态通常用“一般过去时”。本句 中“stay”是延续动词，因此可用“until”句型；如果句中谓语是瞬间动词的 话，就应该用“not …until”句型了。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( ) Tom didn’t attend the lecture yesterday evening his illness.
A) as B) for C) because D)because of
在本句中，“因为生病”是一个词语，而不是原因状语从句，因此，不能选 连词“as”、“for”或“because”来连接，而要用介词词组“because of”。 所以本题答案应该选“D”。
( ) Now it’s quite important us to make full use of time.
A) for B) to C) of D) with
“It’s important to sb.”（ 意为“它对某人来说很重要”）是词语搭配，
“It’s … for sb. to do …”（意为“做某事对某人来说是怎样的”）是句型。 当两者交叉、重叠使用时，词语要让位于句型。所以本题答案应该选“A”。同 样，“I like it so much that …”句型中用“so”、而不用“very”，也属于这 种类型的表达方式。
( ) It’s nice you to get the ticket F1. It’s said the car-race is very exciting.
A) of, for B) for, for C) of, of D) for, of
这句是“It’s … of sb. to do”句型，意为“某人真是怎么样，做了某 事”。后半句中“ticket for”是固定词语，意为“什么内容的票子”。 所以本 题答案应该选“A”。
习题训练:
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用 A、B、C 或 D 表示，填入 空格内):
( ) 1. You can draw it paints and brushes.
A) by B) with C) in D) use ( ) 2. What did you have breakfast?
A) as B) with C) about D) for
( ) 3. The police helping to make our city a safe place to live and work .
A) is, in B) are, in C) is, / D) are, / ( ) 4. I’ve got three question you to think about.
A) of B) for C) give D) to show ( ) 5. We can ask people the Festival to do the quiz.
A) in B) on C) at D) for
( ) 6. What happens when we put some sugar a glass of warm water?
A) on B) off C) out D) into ( ) 7. they arrived at the village after all.
A) At the end B) In the end C) Last D) Attentively
( ) 8. The class teacher was sent Christmas cards some of
the students.
A) to, by B) / , by C) to, from D) / , to ( ) 9. Q: What is that film ? A: It’s a science film.
A) like B) about C) on D) for
( )10. Why not ask your friend some advice if you’re really in trouble?
A) offer B) to give C) to D) for
( )11. The beautiful house is sale. But it won’t be sale.
A) on, for B) for, on C) with, for D) with, on ( )12. The weather here was cold last week.
A) a kind B) a kind of C) kind of D) kinds of ( )13. The singing group is made four handsome lads.
A) of B) from C) up of D) up from ( )14. Something wrong my watch, I'm afraid.
A) is, with B) is, in C) are, with D) are, in ( )15. There a man and two women the picture.
A) is, on B) are, in C) are, on D) is, in ( )16. Mary doesn’t know what lies ahead. , she’s only 12.
A) At all B) In all C) After all D) For
all
( )17. Should we the postage the parcel by ourselves?
A) pay, on B) pay, of C) pay for, on D) pay for, of ( )18. Alice her service to the public.
A) was awarded the prize for B) was deserved to get the prize
for for
C) was proud for D) was pleased
六.动词:
动词八种时态、语态和几种变化形式
一般现在时 一般过去时
八种时态
(经常,反复,爱好,特点,条件,真理) (过去发生的事,不强调现在的结果)
主动语态
do; does did; -ed
被动语态
am;is;are done was;were
done
一般将来时
(将要发生的事)
will do
will be done
现在进行时
(现在正在发生的事)
am;is;are doing
am;is;are
being done
过去进行时
(当时正在发生的事)
was;were doing
was;were
being done
现在完成时
(过去发生的事,强调现在的结果)
have;has done
have;has
been done
过去完成时 done 过去将来时 done
(过去完成的事；过去以前发生的事)
had done
had been
(过去将要发生的事)
would do
would be
*
不定式:
*
*
*
*
*
* *
*
*
*
*
* *
do; not do; to do; not to do
现在分词: doing
done
命令式: do; don't do
动名词: doing 过去分词:
例题解析:
( ) Look. Mary a nice dog. She it just now.
A) has drawn, drew B) drew, has drawn C) is drawing, drew D) is drawing, has drawn
在“Look”、“It’s evening”、“Where is sb. …?”等句子后面，可能要 用“现在进行时”，也有可能要用“现在完成时”。反正，要根据具体情况来具 体分析，考虑问题一定要从整体情况着眼。本题后半句“just now”意为“刚 才”，很明显要用“一般过去时”，因此前句如用“现在进行时”就不妥，造成 句意逻辑上的错误。前句用“现在完成时”才对。所以本题答案应该选“A”。 ( ) This kind of fridge very well.
A) sell B) sells C) are sold D) is sold
在英语中，表达某物销路不错，要用表示“特点”的“一般现在时”形
式，而不能用“被卖”这种被动语态形式来表示。由于本句主语“this kind of
fridge”是单数第三人称，所以本题答案应该选“B”。
( ) What Mr. Smith? He looks worried so much.
A) happens with B) happens to C) happened with D) happened to
在英语中，“发生”通常可译为“happened”或“took place”，要注意它 不能变“被动语态”。本题之意是“史密斯先生发生了什么事？他显得很焦 虑。”因此，“发生”不能用表示经常行为的“一般现在时”形式，应该用“一 般过去时”的“happened to sb.”固定词组来表达。所以本题答案应该选 “D”。
( ) Mary: Shall I tell Michael about the news?
Jack: No, you . He’s already known it.
A) can’t B) mustn’t C) needn’t D) don’t
本题是考核情态动词句型的正确回答。在“Must I do …?”、“Shall I do …?”、“Would you like me to do …?”问句后面都可以用“No, you
needn’t.”(不必要)来回答。本题根据后句的句意应该选此回答为妥。所以答 案应该选“C”。在“May I …?”问句后面，通常有以下几种否定回答：1. No, you mustn’t. 2.No, you may not. 3. Sorry, you can’t. 4.I’m afraid you can’t. 5. No, you can’t.
( ) clothes are usually near a fire in winter.
A) Washed, hung B) Washed, hanged C) Washing, hung D) Washing, hanged
“washed”意为“被洗过的”，可以修饰“衣服”；“washing”意为“正 在洗的”，它该修饰人、不该修饰“衣服”。后句意为“被挂在火炉旁”，该用过 去分词“hung”才对。“hanged”也是“hang”的过去分词，但是它的意思 是“被绞死”。所以本题答案应该选“A”。
( ) The book by me. I it to a friend of mine.
A) is written, sent B) is written, have sent
C) was written, sent D) was written, have sent
“书是被某人写的”、“书是在某地方被写的”都是表示发生在以前的动
作，该用一般过去时被动语态。如过说“书是被用英语写的”，那就是指书的特 点了，就该用一般现在时被动语态了。后半句意为“我把它寄给朋友了”是强 调现在书不在我这里。不是强调过去寄的，不该用一般过去时，而该用现在完 成时。这种类型的时态，学生最容易错，千万要注意。英语中有许多动作是以 前发生的、但没有时间状语的句子都用“现在完成时”表达。所以本题答案应 该选“D”。
( ) Mr. Jackson the city quite well since he in the city for a couple of years.
A) knows, was B) has known, was C) knows, has been D) has known, has been
本句中的“since”不是“自从”之意，因此，前半句与后半句用“现在完 成时”和“一般现在时”的形式做是错误的。本句中的“since”意为“由 于”，与“as”近义。根据句意，“熟悉城市”是表示杰克逊先生的“特点”，要 用“一般现在时”表达；“他来到这个城市有两、三年了”是表示到现在为止 的结果情况，要用“现在完成时”表达。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( ) Could you tell me ?
A) how to do it B) why do it C) how to do D) what to do it
由于“do”通常用作及物动词，因此要注意它有否宾语。要避免“C”的 没有宾语和“D”的重叠宾语的错误。“B”是不定式遗漏了“to”，所以本题答 案应该选“A”。关于“do”的这种特点很重要，为了熟记它，可以背一句口 诀：“how to do it, what to do”。
( ) English is his favourite subject. He can it very fluently.
A) say B) talk C) speak D) tell
由于后句“it”指的是“English”，因此要用动词“speak”才对。所以本 题答案应该选“C”。“talk”是不及物动词，后面不跟宾语。“speak”既可作 不及物动词用，也可作及物动词，宾语只能是语言。“tell”的宾语有限；有“a story”、“the difference”、“the truth”、“a lie”、“the time”等。“say”可 跟的宾语最多，不再一一例举。由此句我们得到启示；即我们在做习题时不要 被单词的表面现象所迷惑，一定要看清楚它的内涵，即注意到它的真正含义是
什么。再举两个例子来说明注意内涵的重要性：例 1. A recorder is used to
learn English in our class. 例 2. His spoken English is poor. He only speaks a word of it.
( ) Mr. Black is the manager of this company. He this company.
A) takes charge of B) is responsible to C) is in the charge of D) has the duty from
在英语中，“他负责这家公司”有多种说法，如：1. He is in charge of this company. 2. His job is to be in charge of this company. 3. This company is in the charge of him. 4. He is responsible for this company.
5. He has the duty of this company. 6. He takes charge of this company.
在这里要注意动词与介词的搭配关系，不要记错了。本题答案应该选“A”。
( )10. Please the city map before you go sightseeing.
A) look at B) have a look C) watch D) read
在英语中，“看”在不同场合有不同的译法。“look at”意为“粗略地 看”；“have a look”意为“看一下”，其后不能跟宾语；“watch”意为“注 视、仔细地看”，虽然可以跟“地图”搭配，但是，它只是表示一种“看”的状 态，没有“查看路线”之意。“看书”、“看地图”都要用动词“read”，意为 “阅读”、“查看”。所以本题答案应该选“D”。
习题训练:
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用 A、B、C 或 D 表示，填入 空格内):
( ) 1. They any food. They’ve got plenty of for the picnic.
A) needn’t, it B) needn’t, them C) don’t need, it D) don’t need, them
( ) 2. His favourite is a taxi driver.
A) job, to be B) job, / C) work, to be D) work, / ( ) 3. Why does like this uniform?
A) he not, wearing B) not he, wearing C) he not, wear D) not he, wear
( ) 4. You can not only learn make the delicious drink, you can also it.
A) to , eat B) to, eat C) how to, enjoy D) how
to, enjoy
( ) 5. Have you all your pens yet?
A) prepared B) prepared for C) preparation D) preparation for
( ) 6. Danny practises twice week.
A) to swim, a B) to swim, every C) swimming, a D) swimming, every
( ) 7. You must to catch fish here near the pond.
A) not try B) try not C) not to try D) to try not
( ) 8. When we on the air-conditioner in summer, we feel more comfortable.
A) sit B) put C) turn D) open ( ) 9. Would you mind the window ?
A) my closing B) my close C) to close D) for close
( )10. The teacher kept the pupils for five hours.
A) waiting B) to wait C) to waiting D) waits
( )11. Mr. Green China for six years.
A) has been in B) has been to C) has come to D) has gone to
( )12. They could hardly understand what the engineer said, ?
A) couldn't they B) didn't they C) could they D) did they
( )13. Tell him afraid of dogs.
A) not be B) not to be C) don't be D) won't be
( )14. If he here tomorrow, please tell him when his uncle .
A) will come, comes B) comes, comes C) comes, will come D)
will come, will come
( )15. The postage on the parcel me a lot of money.
A) took B) spend C) paid D) cost ( )16. Have you who took away your key ?
A) found B) found out C) looked for D) got ( )17. Paris isn't the capital of Britain, is it ? .
A) Yes, it is B) No, it isn't C) Yes, it isn't D) No, it is
( )18. The boss made the workers for hours.
A) work B) to work C) working D) works ( )19. My hope is an engineer in 10 years' time.
A) become B) to become C) becoming D) became
( )20. We will go to the factory to work for .
A) sometimes B) some time C) some times D) sometime
( )21. Which subject do you , English or maths ?
A) like best B) prefer best C) like most D) prefer
( )22. If it is true, it many interesting questions.
A) is raised B) rose C) raises D) rises
( )23. Please your hands if you’ve got the answer.
A) put up B) set up C) get up D) make up
( )24. By the age of ten, the little girl her first collection of poems. She’s now very famous.
A) has published B) had published C) published D) would publish
( )25. Mary should at once.
A) operate on B) be operated C) be operated on D)
operate
( )26. Do you mind my using your dictionary for a while? .
A) Of course not B) Yes, please C) It doesn't matter D)
Yes, here you are
( )27. Where ? To the teachers' office.
A) have you gone B) has he gone C) is he going to D) have you been to
( )28. Please make the same mistake again, Tom.
A) don’t try to B) try don’t to C) try to not D) try not to ( )29. Q: you Jim this morning? A: Yes. I him just now.
A) Have…seen, saw B) Did…see, saw
C) Have…seen, have seen D) Did…see, have seen ( )30. English is the language in Australia, isn’t it?
A) using B) used C) speaking D) is spoken
( )31. When you go out, don’t forget to keep the windows .
A) open B) opening C) opened D) to open ( )32. We the lady was good at skiing.
A) told B) wondered C) were asked D) were told
( )33. Sorry, I understand the business letter. Because it written in English.
A) don’t, is B) don’t, was C) didn’t, is D) didn’t, was ( )34. Some boys were seen into the hospital.
A) going B) entering C) taking D) to send
( )35. He, with another policewoman, the streets in City Centre.
A) walk on B) walk around C) walks on D) walks around
( )36. The soup bowl . it yesterday?
A) was broken, Was…broken B) is broken, Was…broken
C) was broken, Did…break D) is broken, Has…broken ( )37. Unluckily, they were with a big storm halfway.
A) caught B) come across C) met D) happened
( )38. He is poor at spoken English. He can’t even a word of it.
A) say B) talk C) speak D)tell
( )39. Jack be absent today. I saw him playing in the playground a moment ago.
A) mustn’t B) needn’t C) isn’t able to D) can’t
( )40. You should go on the text until you able to recite it.
A) reading, are B) reading, were C) to read, will be D) to read, were ( )41. Q: Must we do eye exercises every day, Miss Liu? A: I’m afraid .
A) you mustn’t B) you must C) you needn’t D) you can’t ( )42. We may each other somewhere before.
A) meet B) met C) have met D) to meet ( )43. He doesn’t know next.
A) how to do B) what to do it C) when to do D) where to go ( )44. The lady thinks she is too fat, and she is planning now.
A) to keep fit B) reduce his weight C) to go on a diet
D) stop her from eating
( )45. The house is on fire. Let’s go and the fire together.
A) put off B) put out C) put down D) put away
( )46. It’s these days. You’d better your greatcoat before you go out.
A) snowing, in B) snowy, wear C) snowing, have on D) snowy, put
on
( )47. His family used to in the past.
A) go hungry B) be hungry C) going hungry D) being hungry ( )48. Never forget “Excuse me” when you trouble someone.
A) to speak B) to say C) speaking D) saying ( )49. The music so wonderful that I liked it very much.
A) looked B) heard C) listened D) sounded
( )50. The flat him nearly all his money.
A) cost B) took C) spent D) paid ( )51. You may the book for another week.
A) borrow B) lend C) keep D) hold ( )52. He go to work by bike but now he taking a bus
A) is used to, is used to B) used to, used to
C) is used to, used to D) used to, is used to ( )53. The music is nice. But it's too loud. Please the radio.
A) turn down B) turn up C) turn on D) turn
off
( )54. A: I play football now? B: No, you mustn't.
A) Need B) Must C) May D) Will ( )55.What you I'm a teacher?
A) makes, to think B) make, to think C) makes, think D) make, think
( )56. What did you at the meeting?
A) talk B) speak C) tell D) say ( )57. Let's go for a walk after supper, ?
A) will you B) don’t we C) shan’t we D) shall
we
( )58. Neither he nor I good at drawing.
A) am B) is C) are D) don't ( )59. A: What's in the box? B: in it.
A) There are letters B) It is a letter C) They are letters
D) There is a letter
( )60. It me half an hour to get there.
A) spends B) pays C) takes D) costs
七、形容词和副词: 英语中，形容词和副词有级的变化。在两个范围内，应该用比较级，它的
修饰词有这样几个：much, far, a lot(得多); a little(一点); even(甚至于还要);
still(更加)。在三个以上范围内，应该用最高级，它常伴随的词语有这样几个：
in﹢sp.(表达地点范围)；of、among﹢数词、代词或复数名词(表达个数范 围)；… that I ever seen(表达整体范围)。但是有不少单词仍要求用原级，它 们是：very …；so …；quite …；too …；… enough；as … as 等；此外在 感叹句中也应该用原级。
在连系动词后，通常要用形容词作表语，不能用副词。英语中的连系动词 分三大类：1.be 动词 2.意为“变”的动词，如：turn green；change fatter；get warmer；become smaller 等 3.感官动词，如：look worried； sound true；taste delicious；smell terrible；feel hot。此外，还有个别行 为动词也可作连系动词用，如：grow taller(长高)；go hungry(挨饿)……等。 不过还应该注意到，有些副词是可以修饰 be 动词的，如：possibly； probably；still；nearly；indeed …等。
例题解析:
( ) The knife is enough for you to cut the meat.
A) blunt B) cheap C) sharp D) fast
本题意为“刀够快，你可以切肉”。本句中的“快”意为“锋利”，该用 “sharp”。“blunt”意为“钝”，是“sharp”的反义词；“cheap”意为“便 宜”，用在这里不妥；“fast”也译作“快”，但是，它所表示的是“速度”的 程度。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( )16. Grandmother wakes up early. She gets up late, does she?
A) few B) little C) seldom D) usually
应该用副词来修饰行为动词“get up”。“few”与“little”是形容词，都 不能用在句子中。副词“usually”虽可用于修饰“get up”，但是，它的反意 疑问句该用“doesn’t she”来反问。“seldom”与“not”、“no”、 “never”、“nothing”、“nobody”、“none”、“little”、“few”、“hardly”、 “scarcely”、“rarely”相仿，在语法上有否定的特点；即它们在位的句子在语 法上都属于否定句，因此，它的反意疑问句该用“does she”来反问。所以本 题答案应该选“C”。
( ) If you want to learn a language well, you must use it as as possible.
A) hard B) long C) often D)soon
本句的关键词是“use”(使用)，与“hard”(努力)不宜搭配。“as long as
possible”意为“尽可能长久”，“as soon as possible”意为“尽快”，都不 宜与“使用英语”搭配；与“学好语言”之意不符。只有“as often as possible”(尽可能经常)与“使用英语”搭配才贴切。所以本题答案应该选 “C”。
( ) This is really a large amount of money. But it is than we need.
A) much fewer B) less much C) far more D) far
less
“but”是表示“意思转折”的连词，因此，这里不能说“多得多”，要说
“少得多”。“多”(many, much)的比较级都是“more”；但是“少”(few, little)的比较级有可数(fewer)与不可数(less)之分，平时学生往往会忽略 “fewer”的用法。本句的意思是“这确实是一大笔钱，但是要比我们所需要 的数量少得多。”这里指的是数量，而在英语中数量的表达是属于不可数的。所 以本题答案应该选“D”。
( ) Glad you’re much better now. But you have to stay in bed for
two weeks.
A) other B) more C) again D) another
“再卧床两星期”可译为“stay in bed for another two weeks”或 “stay in bed for two more weeks”，所以本题答案应该选“D”。要特别注 意第二种说法中“more”的位置；它要放在数词的后面、名词的前面。
( ) It was said that he was at the meeting yesterday afternoon.
A) attended B) joined C) present D) absent
在英语中，“出席会议”可译为“attend the meeting”或“be present at the meeting”；“缺席会议”可译为“be absent from the meeting”。 “join”意为“加入”，后面可以跟表示人群或组织的名词作宾语，它不能用 “会议”作宾语。所以本题答案应该选“C”。“present”除了有形容词“出席 的”意思外，还有名词“礼物”(gift) 和“目前”的意思，如：at the present(当前；即 nowadays)。
( ) Look. The baby hasn’t woken up yet.
A) sleeping B) sleepy C) asleep D) slept “sleepy”意为“睡眼惺忪的”，没有“睡着”之意。“slept”(睡着)是
“sleep”的过去式或过去分词，它不能用作“baby”的定语。“asleep”(睡
着的)在英语中只能用作表语，即后面不能跟名词，如：fall asleep。 “sleeping”(睡着的)在英语中可作定语、表语，还可以作为动名词用作主 语、宾语或作为现在分词用在分词短语中。本题意为“你看，那个睡着的婴儿 还没醒来”，只能用“sleeping”来修饰名词“baby”，所以答案应该选“A”。 ( ) A child may feel if he has no sister or brother in his family.
A) lone B) lonely C) alone D) along “lone”(孤单的)表示状态，通常用作定语；“alone”(孤单的)也表示状
态，通常用作表语，它还可以用作副词，意为“单独”（by oneself; without anyone’s help）；“lonely”(孤单的) 表示心情，通常与“feel”连用； “along”作介词有“沿着”之意，作副词时可替换“on”。本句之意是“如果 在家里没有弟妹，孩子会感到孤单”，所以答案应该选“B”。
习题训练:
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用 A、B、C 或 D 表示，填入 空格内):
( ) 1. Stay with us. we will have Lantern Festival.
A) Now B) Then C) Quickly D) Soon
( ) 2. You’d better wear scarves and gloves. Then you’ll be .
A) warm enough B) warmer enough C) enough warm D) enough warmer
( ) 3. It’s here Qing Ming Festival.
A) raining, on B) raining, at C) rainy, on D) rainy, at
( ) 4. You are as my cousin, I think.
A) as healthy B) so healthy C) healthier D) less healthy
( ) 5. Mr. Ling had an unhealthy diet and did exercise.
A) never B) not C) no D) a little ( ) 6. He does a lot of different things .
A) either B) also C) as well D) so ( ) 7. There was usually a jam because of the traffic.
A) big B) busy C) heavy D)
much
( ) 8. Joe is . He never makes his bed or tidies his room.
A) bright B) safe C) delicious D) lazy ( ) 9. The driver was tired and almost immediately fell .
A) sleepy B) sleeping C) asleep D) sleep
( )10. She liked the white cat much that she kept it there for a long time.
A) so, watching B) very, watching C) so, to watch D) very, to watch
( )11. my opinion, the bear is still .
A) To, alive B) To, living C) In, alive D) To, living
( )12. Mrs. Blue is at home. I saw her the gate just now.
A) probably, entering B) probably, enter C) possibly, entering D) possible, enter
( )13. It’s not easy to learn English well, we need to practise as as possible.
A) soon B) more C) much D) harder ( )14. This morning I got up earlier .
A) than usually B) than usual C) than usually do D) than I usually ( )15. Water can be turned into ice if the temperature is enough.
A) little B) cold C) cool D) low ( )16. Jack did it more carefully than in the team.
A) any boy B) any other girl C) any other boys D) any of the other boys
( )17. He never smokes. does his father.
A) So B) Neither C) Also D) Too ( )18. People over there don't speak English.
A) / B) is C) live D) are ( )19. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower is TV tower in Asia.
A) the higher B) higher C) highest D) a
very high
( )20. We believe that Tim can run to win the first prize.
A) too fast B) so fast C) fast enough D) enough fast
( )21. Most of us like to buy these Teddy Bears. They look so .
A) nicely B) well C) beautifully D) lovely
( )22. Jerry is a CEO of a famous company. He is as as a bee.
A) busy B) brave C) blind D) bright
( )23. Mary was still , so she had one more cake.
A) thirsty B) cold C) hungry D) angry
( )24. － Do you mind if I turn the TV a bit?
－Yes, I do. I’m busy with my homework now.
A) on B) up C) down D) off
八、宾语从句: 整个句子是一个动词或一个介词的宾语，这样的句子就叫做宾语从句。宾
语从句是整个复合句的一部分，因此它的变化必然会受到前面主句的影响。在 一般情况下，主句的时态如果是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态也必须作相应的 调整，即由“一般现在时”变为“一般过去时”、 由“现在进行时”变为“过 去进行时”、 由“现在完成时”变为“过去完成时”、 由“一般将来时”变为 “过去将来时”。此外，还要根据句意，对其他各种词语作相应的调整，如： you → he；ago → before；next week → the next week，… 等。
但是，也有例外；即带有真理性质的“一般现在时”不变。“真理”通常有 以下几种表达形式：1.宇宙、自然界的规律活动 2.类似于光速比音速快的固定 法则 3.没有时间概念的词义或句意，如：He asked me what this word means.
“疑问句”作宾语从句时，要注意把词序作必要的调整，即要象肯定句和 否定句那样，先写主语、后写谓语动词。因此，在宾语从句中不该有表示倒叙
形式的助动词“do”、“does”、“did”。
例题解析:
( ) Please tell me this afternoon.
A) that it rains B) that it will rain C) if it rains D) if it will rain
前句“Please tell me”带有疑问色彩，因此关联词要用疑问代词或疑问副 词，或用也带有疑问色彩的从属连词“if”(是否)，不能选不带疑问色彩的从属 连词“that”。再根据“this afternoon”(今天下午)之意，选表示经常下雨的 “it rains”词语是不妥的。所以本题答案应该选“D”。
( ) I don’t think you will pass the history examination, ?
A) do I B) don’t I C) will you D) won’t you
这是一句特殊的反意疑问句。因为按照语法说成“do I”是毫无意义和违 背常情的，因此该句要根据从句中的动词来进行反问才合乎逻辑。所以本题答 案应该选“C”。
( ) We haven’t discussed we should do like that.
A) about if B) about how C) whether D) if “discuss”是及物动词，与动词“serve”相仿，后面要直接跟宾语。“讨
论关于……”是汉语中的习惯说法，学生往往会错误地选用“about”回答。因 此，我们在学英语时，要特别注意汉语思路的干扰。“whether”、“if”都有 “是否”之意，一般情况下可以通用。但是，在以下几种情况下都应该用 “whether”：1.在句首作主语从句时。2. 与“… or not”连用成词组时。3. 作介词后的宾语从句时。 4. 在“discuss”后作宾语从句时。 5. 跟不定式 “to do…”时。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( ) Could you tell me ?
A) what was the matter with him B) what the matter was with him
C) what’s the matter with him D) what the matter is with him
这是句主谓语不需要调整的特殊的“宾语从句”，因此，只要注意时态的变 化就可以了。由于“Could you …?”句型与“Would you …?”句型相仿， 它是口语中表示客套的一种虚拟语气，不表达“过去时”，因此，后面从句中的 动词不需要作调整，整个从句跟原来的疑问句的说法完全相同。所以本题答案 应该选“C”。在英语中，这种特殊的“宾语从句”为数不多，再记一句
“Which is the way to …?”与它相仿即可。
习题训练:
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用 A、B、C 或 D 表示，填入 空格内):
( ) 1. Miss Blue wanted to know during the summer holidays.
A) where I had gone B) where I had been C) where had I gone D) where had I been
( ) 2. Would you please tell ?
A) which is the way to the Park Hotel B) which the way is to the Park Hotel
C) which the way to the Park Hotel is D) which way to the Park Hotel is
( ) 3. I asked her .
A) which he liked best one C) which one did she like best
C) which one does she like best D) which one she liked best
( ) 4. The teacher asked us .
A) why didn't we tell him about it earlier B) when I have finished my work
C) what we were interested in D) where are we going to have our lunch
( ) 5. I’d be interested to know come before 9:00 a.m..
A) that he will B) that he would C) if he will D) whether he would
( ) 6. The teacher told us that .
A) the earth turns round the sun. B) the earth turned round the sun.
C) the sun turns round the earth. D) the sun turned round the earth.
( ) 7. As a matter of fact, I really didn’t know .
A) that he meant. B) what he meant C) that did he mean
D) what did he mean
九、并列连词: 并列连词用于两个并列的简单句中。表示“承上启下”概念的有“and”
(并且)、“so”(所以)……等。表示“两者取一”概念的有“or”(或者)、 “otherwise”(否则)……等。表示“彼此矛盾”概念的有“but”(但是)、 “while”(而)……等。
例题解析:
( ) It’s said Yang Liwei will come here tonight, I’m not sure.
A) and B) however C) but D) so
后半句“I’m not sure”(我不信)与前句的句意有转折的意思，应该用表 示具有转折意思的并列连词“but”才对。“and”是具有“承上启下”意思的 并列连词；“so”是具有因果关系的并列连词。“however”(然而)也有转折意 思，但是它是副词，用时要用逗号“，”撇开。
( ) The boy is too short to reach the book the magazine on the shelf.
A) both, and B) either, or C) neither, nor D) not, but “both … and”通常用于表示肯定意思的句型，“not … but”意为“不
是……而是”，用在这里都不妥。该句中句型“too … to”(太……而不能)本身 带有否定含义，因而不能再选带有否定意思的“neither … nor”(既不……也 不)了。所以本题答案应该选“B”，意为“男孩太矮，他既拿不到书架上的书， 也拿不到书架上的杂志”。
( ) Tom Mary is busy. You’d better play with others.
A) Both, and B) Neither, nor C) Either, or D) Not only, but also
根据后句“You’d better play with others”(你最好跟别人玩)的意思， 前句应该说两人都忙着。因此，该句不能选“Neither … nor”(表示两人都不 忙)或“Either … or”(表示有一人忙)。由于该句中动词用的是单三形式 “is”，因此不能选要求动词用复数形式的句型“both … and”。 所以本题答 案应该选“D”。 句型“Not only … but also”与句型“Either … or”和
“Neither … nor”相仿；要求动词跟后面一个人称变化。
( ) Nobody else I likes to watch it.
A) and B) or C) but D) nor
该句用的是“not … but”句型，所以本题答案应该选“C”。要注意句中 的动词是根据前面人称“Nobody”变化的。此外，“together with”和“as well as”句型中的动词也是根据前面人称变化的。
习题训练:
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用 A、B、C 或 D 表示，填入 空格内):
( ) 1. Don’t worry. You can say it in English in Chinese.
A) both, and B) either, or C) not only, also D) not, also
( ) 2. In fact, but I is keen on the fierce dinosaur in the film.
A) somebody B) nobody C) everybody D) anybody
( ) 3. The wall was pulled to the ground, the noise brought many people running there.
A) so B) but C) while D) and
( ) 4. You’d better call a taxi, you won’t be able catch the plane.
A) then, / B) and, to C) or, / D) or, to ( ) 5. Though he is very young, he is the manager here.
A) but B) however C) while D) /
( ) 6. Physics is too difficult to me, it’s interesting and useful.
A) so B) or C) and D) but ( ) 7. she is over sixty, she is still learning computer skills.
A) Since B) If C) Although D)
Unless
十、关联词: 关联词用于主从复合句中。关联词有：从属连词“that”、“if”、
“whether”、“although”；疑问代词“who”、“what”、“which”；疑问副词
“when”、“why”……等。
例题解析:
( ) I will like everything you are willing to buy for me.
A) that B) what C) if D) whether “if”(假如、是否)和“whether”(是否)都不宜用在该句。该句的主句已
有一个宾语“everything”，而从句却少了个宾语，要用关联词“that”才对。 只有当主、从句都缺少宾语时，才该用关联词“what”。因此“what”意为 “something that”、“all that”、“the word that”……等。所以本题答案应 该选“A”。
( ) Although they are young, they know how to serve the customers.
A) but, / B) but, for C) / , / D) / , for
在英语中,“although”、“but”分别有“虽然……但是”的意思，在一句中 不能重叠使用。与此相仿，“because”、“so”也分别有“因为……所以”之 意，在一句中也不能重叠使用。后半句的“为那些顾客服务”不能加介词 “for”；因为“serve”(服务于) 是及物动词，它应该直接跟宾语“the customers”(那些顾客)。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( ) I wonder he will come before 9:00 p.m..
A) what B) that C) when D) if
主句“I wonder”(我想知道)带有疑问色彩，因此，答案不能选不带疑问意 思的关联词“that”。又由于后半句宾语从句对时间已有所交代，而且用的 “come”是不及物动词，不宜跟宾语，因此，该句选“if”(是否)才对。所以 本题答案应该选“D”。
( ) It’s that I’d like to buy it.
A) so nice doll B) such nice doll C) such nice a dollD) so nice a doll “so … that”和“such .. that”句型是由“that”作关联词的结果状语从
句。“so”(那样地)是副词，用于修饰后面的副词或形容词；“such”(那样的) 是形容词，用于修饰后面的名词。因此，“那样漂亮的一个洋娃娃”可译为 “such a nice doll”或“so nice a doll”。 所以本题答案应该选“D”。同 理，感叹句“他是多聪明的孩子啊！”可译为“What a clever child he is!”、 “How clever the child is!”、“How clever a child he is!”。
习题训练:
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用 A、B、C 或 D 表示，填入 空格内):
( ) 1. The doctor left the temple the operation was over.
A) until B) after C) before D) if
( ) 2. I’ll tell you where he comes from who he is .
A) or, either B) or, too C) and, or so D) and, as well ( ) 3. “All the other boys can manage you can’t.” shouted Father.
A) and B) or C) while D) so
( ) 4. It’s said he used to tell a lie, so they didn’t believe him.
A) for B) as C) because D) /
( ) 5. I really don’t know I should do with the used bottles.
A) how B) where C) what D) that
( ) 6. The children didn’t go to bed their mother came back home.
A) before B) when C) until D) while
( ) 7. I had on me at that time that I could not pay for the Christmas card.
A) so little a money B) such little money C) so little money D) such little a money
( ) 8. You ought not to believe just now.
A) what he said B) that he said C) in what he said
D) in that he said
想学好英语，首先要培养对英语的兴趣。“兴趣是最好的老师”,兴趣是学习英 语的巨大动力，有了兴趣，学习就会事半功倍。我们都有这样的经验：喜欢的 事，就容易坚持下去；不喜欢的事，是很难坚持下去的。而兴趣不是与生俱来 的，需要培养。有的同学说：“我一看到英语就头疼，怎么能培养对英语的兴
趣呢？”还有的同学说：“英语单词我今天记了明天忘，我太笨了，唉，我算
没治了。”这都是缺乏信心的表现。初学英语时，没有掌握正确的学习方法，没 有树立必胜的信心，缺乏了克服困难的勇气，丧失了上进的动力，稍遇失败， 就会向挫折缴枪，向困难低头。你就会感到英语是一门枯燥无味的学科，学了 一段时间之后，学习积极性也逐渐降低，自然也就不会取得好成绩。但是，只 要在老师的帮助下，认识到学英语的必要性，用正确的态度对待英语学习，用 科学的方法指导学习。开始时多参加一些英语方面的活动，比如 ，唱英文歌、 做英语游戏、读英语幽默短文、练习口头对话等。时间长了，懂得多了，就有 了兴趣，当然，学习起来就有了动力和欲望。然后，就要像农民一样勤勤恳 恳，不辞辛苦，付出辛勤的劳动和汗水，一定会取得成功，收获丰硕的成果。 毕竟是 No pains, no gains 吗。 练好基本功是学好英语的必要条件，没有扎 实的英语基础，就谈不上继续学习，更谈不上有所成就。要想基本功扎实，必 须全神贯注地认真听讲,上好每一节课，提高课堂效率，脚踏实地、一步一个脚 印地，做到以下“五到”： 一、“心到”。在课堂上应聚精会神，一刻也不能懈 怠，大脑要始终处于积极状态，思维要活跃、思路要开阔，心随老师走，听懂 每一句话，抓住每一个环节，理解每一个知识点，多联想、多思考，做到心领 神会。 二、“手到”。学英语，一定要做课堂笔记。因为人的记忆力是有限的， 人不可能都过目不忘，记忆本身就是不断与遗忘作斗争的过程。常言说，“好脑 筋不如烂笔头”。老师讲的知识可能在课堂上记住了，可是过了一段时间，就会 忘记，所以，做好笔记很有必要。英语知识也是一点点积累起来的，学到的每 一个单词、词组以及句型结构，都记在笔记本上，甚至是书的空白处或字里行 间，这对以后的复习巩固都是非常方便的。 三、“耳到”。在课堂上，认真听讲
是十分必要的，不但要专心听老师对知识的讲解，而且要认真听老师说英语的
语音、语调、重音、连读、失去爆破、断句等发音要领，以便培养自己纯正地 道的英语口语。听见听懂老师传授的每一个知识点，在头脑里形成反馈以帮助 记忆；理解领会老师提出的问题，以便迅速作答，对比同学对问题的回答，以 加深对问题的理解而取别人之长补自己之短。 四、“眼到”。在认真听讲的同 时，还要双眼紧随老师观察老师的动作、口形、表情、板书、绘图、教具展示 等。大脑里形成的视觉信息和听觉信息相结合，印象就会更加深刻。 五、“口 到”。学习语言，不张嘴不动口是学不好的，同学们最大的毛病是读书不出声， 害羞不敢张嘴。尤其是早读课，同学们只是用眼看或默读，这样就只有视觉信 息，而没有听觉信息在大脑里的反馈，当然记忆也不会太深刻，口部肌肉也得 不到锻炼，也就很难练就一口纯正的英语。所以，要充分利用早晨头脑清醒的 时间，大声朗读；课堂上要勇跃回答老师提问、积极参与同学间讨论和辩论， 课下对不清楚的问题及时提出，要克服害羞心理，不耻下问。对学过的课文要 多读、勤读、苦读，可以跟录音机读，竭力模仿其语音语调以纠正发音，要读 得抑扬顿挫朗朗上口，一些精典文章最好能背得滚爪烂熟。利用一切可能的机 会，练习英语口语，比如，与外教交流、参加“英语角”活动、与同学进行对 话、讲英语故事、唱英文歌曲、演英语短剧、进行诗歌朗诵等。除了对课本中 的范文要细读精读之外，还要多看些适合我们中学生的课外读物，既可增长知 识，又开阔了我们的视野，也提高了我们的阅读水平。 学英语，词汇的记忆是 必不可少的，词汇是学好英语的基础，没有了词汇，也就谈不上句子，更谈不 上文章，所以记单词对我们就显得极其重要。记忆单词关键有二： 一是持之以 恒：每天坚持记忆一定量的词汇，过几天再回头复习一次，这样周期循环，反
复记忆，经常使用，就会变短时记忆为长时记忆并牢固掌握。需要注意的是，
一旦开始，就要坚持下来，千万不能半途而废，切不可三天打鱼，两天晒网。 二是良好的记忆方法：记忆单词的方法很多，学无定法，但学有良法。我认 为，张思中的“集中识词，分类记忆”不失为一种适合中学生的好方法。把中 学生应掌握的 3500 个单词集中汇总，分门别类，先过单词关，然后再学教 材，在课本中使用和巩固它们的用法。分类的方法有多种，同一元音或元音字 母组合发音相同的单词归为一类；根据词形词性、同义词反义词等集中记忆； 把相同词根、前缀、后缀、合成、转化、派生等构词法相同的单词或词组列在 一起集中识记印象比较深刻，记忆效果也比较明显。这样每天记 40－80 个单 词，坚持不懈，多联想，多思考，多使用，词汇问题不就解决了吗？在学习的 过程中多注视单词的用法和词组的搭配，牢记老师讲过的单词惯用法和句型， 这样不仅有助于我们解题，而且在写作时也会信手拈来，运用自如。 把单词记 住，了解词性、词义，掌握其固定搭配与习惯用法，背会时态、从句的各种用 法，工作只是完成了一半，我们还得将它们应用到实践中去。就像学游泳，光 学理论，不下水应用，不等于掌握了这门技术。不必要搞题海战术，但一定量 的典型练习来巩固所学知识是必不可少的。先重视基础练习，如课后习题，单 元同步练习，这些是针对课堂知识的巩固性练习，不能好高骛远，光想着一口 吃个胖子。基础知识掌握后，有的放失地做一些语法方面的专项练习和考试题 型的专题练习。特别提倡同学们准备一本“错题集”，把平时做错的具有代表性 的试题或语言点记录下来，以备将来查漏补缺，这样对知识的掌握可以达到事 半功倍的效果。 英语是一种语言，不是记住了单词、词组、句型和语法项目就 是把它学好了，关键在于使用语言，所以在学习英语时一定要注意听、说、
读、写、译全面发展。英语学习首先是一个记忆过程，然后才是实践过程。学
习英语，无论如何，勤奋是不可少的，它是一个日积月累的渐进过程，是没有 任何捷径可走的，也没有所谓“速成”的灵丹妙方，急于求成，不做踏实工 作，是学不好英语的。任何成功的获得都要靠自己的努力，要踏踏实实、勤勤 恳恳、兢兢业业、一步一个脚印地学习，端正态度，认真对待学习中的挫折和 失败。失败并不可怕，可怕的是对自己丧失信心而一蹶不振。对考试的失败， 冷静分析，认真思考，只要对胜利充满信心，善于总结经验教训，不断努力， 不断追求，胜利一定是属于你们的
