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高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第四册 词汇详解课件 Unit3 Careersand skills
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这是一份高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第四册 词汇详解课件 Unit3 Careersand skills，共60页。
牛津英语单元词汇详解选择性 必修四Unit 3 Careers and skills
1. salary /ˈsæləri/ n. 薪金，薪水（30）【原句背诵】If you were asked the question, “Do you work to live or live to work?” what would your answer be? Some might say that we work because we have to, not least because we need the salary that enables us to be financially independent. 【联想拓展】an annual salary of $40 000 4万美元的年薪a 9% salary increase/rasie 加薪9%monthly salary 月薪gross salary 工资总额salaryman n. 上班族salary cap 工资上限【经典例句】I got a fantastic new job and my salary tripled. 我得到了一份极好的新工作，我的薪水是原来的三倍。As a top lawyer, he can expect to command a six-figure salary. 作为首屈一指的律师，他可望拿到六位数的薪资。The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages. 就薪金而言，这个工作倒是挺不错的，但也有一些不利之处。
2. labour /ˈleɪbə(r)/ n. 劳动，（尤指）体力劳动；分娩期，分娩 vi. 努力做；干苦力活（30） labour force（全公司或全国的）劳动力（30）【原句背诵】It is certainly true that most of us do join the labour force once our studies are completed. 【联想拓展】labor=labour labour force n. 劳动力manual labour (= work using your hands) 体力劳动a shortage of labour 劳动力的短缺 labourer n. 劳动者；劳工Labour（abbr. Lab）英国工党labour for v. 努力争取【经典例句】We have a problem of skilled labour. 我们缺少熟练工。Repairs involve skilled labour , which can be expensive. 修理需要熟练技工，人工费会很昂贵。The company wants to keep down labour costs . 公司想保持低劳动成本。Scientists laboured for months to unravel the mysteries of Neptune and still remain baffled（迷惑）. 科学家们为揭开海王星之谜艰难地工作了数月，但依然迷惑不解。
【链接高考】（2015四川卷）Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work. Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn as much as $ 172,000 a year. 母亲们很早就知道，她们的家庭工作量和有偿工作一样沉重。 现在，新的研究表明，如果他们为父母的劳动支付报酬，他们每年将赚取多达17.2万美元。
3. *gear /ɡɪə(r)/ vt. 使适用于 n. 排挡；齿轮；传动装置（30）【原句背诵】Indeed, it could be argued that our education is geared towards preparing us for a life of work.【联想拓展】gear sth to/towards (doing) sth 使与…相适应；使适合于gear up (for/to sth)/gear sb/sth up (for/to sth)（使）为…作好准备reverse gear 倒挡low/high gear 低速╱高速挡to change/shift gear 换挡【经典例句】The course had been geared towards the specific needs of its members. 课程已作调整，以满足学员的特别需要。My training was geared toward winning gold. 我的训练是为赢得金牌去规划的。Careless use of the clutch（离合器）may damage the gears. 离合器使用不当可能会损坏传动装置。
4. earn a living 谋生（30）【原句背诵】However, earning a living is by no means the only reason why we work—there are other important reasons that motivate us to enter the world of work. 【联想拓展】earn a fortune 赚大钱earn a good mark 得到赞扬earn an income 赚取收入make a living 谋生；维持生活【经典例句】First you should consider how to equip yourself to earn a living. 首先你应该考虑如何让自己有能力谋生。School leavers face so much competition that they seldom care what they do as long as they can earn a living. 毕业生面临着十分激烈的竞争，以至于只要能以谋生，他们就很少关心做什么工作。
5. attain /əˈteɪn/ vt. 达到；获得（30）【原句背诵】Through the work we do, our goals can be attained and our dreams achieved. 【联想拓展】attainment n. 达到，获得；成就，造诣attainable adj. 可得到的；可达到的；可到达的unattainable adj. 做不到的；难到达的【经典例句】Are you courageous enough to attain that goal that you set? 你有足够的胆量来实现你所制定的目标吗？Students with high hope set themselves higher goals and know how to work to attain them. 被寄予厚望的学生为自己设定更高的目标，并知道如何努力实现这些目标。The gas can be stored under pressure and attain to recover the energy. 这种气体可以在压力下储存，以恢复能量。
6. *endeavor /ɪn‘devə/ vi. 努力，尽力 n. 努力，尝试（30）【原句背诵】Henry David Thoreau said, “…if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.”【联想拓展】endeavor=endeadourmake an endeavor to do sth尽力做某事advances in the field of scientific endeavour 在科学探索领域的进步endeavour for 尽力endeavour to perfect one's skill 努力钻研技术【经典例句】Please make every endeavour to arrive on time. 请尽全力按时到达。The manager is expected to use his or her best endeavours to promote the artist's career. 经纪人应以最大的努力来推动其演艺人的事业发展。I will endeavour to do my best for my country. 我将竭尽全力报效祖国。
7. passion /ˈpæʃ(ə)n/ n. 强烈感情；酷爱（30）【原句背诵】Yang Liwei, for example, driven by his passion for flying, became a pilot and then China’s first astronaut in space. 【联想拓展】have a passion for 对…有强烈的爱好passionate adj. 热诚的，狂热的；热恋的，情意绵绵的；易怒的passionately adv. 热情地；强烈地；激昂地【经典例句】The chemist says she always has a passion for science. 这位化学家说她对科学一直很有热情。He has developed a consuming passion for chess. 他对国际象棋已经产生了浓厚的兴趣。Music is a passion with him. 他对音乐情有独钟。【链接高考】（2019江苏卷）Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family. 音乐是他真正的激情所在，尽管他从未在家庭之外表演过。（2017全国卷I）Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology.自1962年以来，太平洋科学中心一直激发着人们对科学、数学和技术的探索和终身学习的热情。
8. fond /fɒnd/ adj. 喜爱（30） be fond of 喜爱（30）【原句背诵】Wherever our interests may lie and whatever our career choices might be, work allows us the opportunity to be engaged in something we are fond of, and consequently, it can give us a great sense of achievement and satisfaction. 【联想拓展】fondness n. 爱好；溺爱fondly adv. 天真地；怜爱地；温柔地【经典例句】I used to live in York and I'm still fond of the place. 我曾住在约克郡，现在仍然喜欢那里。I've always been fond of poetry and one piece has always stuck in my mind. 我一直喜欢诗歌，有一首诗一直被我铭记于心。【链接高考】（2013江苏卷）One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.侏罗纪海洋的特征之一是有大量的大型鲨鱼和鳄鱼，它们都喜欢吃鱼龙的午餐。
9. anticipate /ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ vt. 预计（并做准备）；预料（31）【原句背诵】Twenty years ago, positions in social technologies or energy efficiency did not even exist, and it is difficult to anticipate the new positions which will emerge twenty years from now. 【联想拓展】anticipate doing sth/anticipate sth doing sth 期盼；期望anticipation n. 预期，预料；期盼，期望in anticipation of sth 期待着；预计到anticipatory adj. 预期的；提早发生的；期待着的【警示误区】anticipate后常接doing (sth) 作宾语，一般不能接to do (sth)。使用时要注意！They anticipate moving to bigger premises（场所）by the end of the year. 他们预期年底前迁入较大的经营场址。【经典例句】There are some things in life we just can't anticipate. 生活中有些事使我们无法预料的。We anticipate that additional funding will be required. 我们预期，更多的救援资金将是必不可少的。Try and anticipate what the interviewers will ask. 尽量设想面试主持者会提出什么问题。Imagination is a faculty（能力）that some people use to anticipate future events in their lives. 想象力是一些人用来预测生活中未来事件的能力。
10. *status quo /ˌsteɪtəs ˈkwəʊ/ n. 现状，原来的状况（31）【原句背诵】However, it is certain that no one can afford to be satisfied with the status quo.
11. superior /suːˈpɪəriə(r)/ adj. 好的，占优势的 n. 级别（或地位、职位）更高的人（31）12. prejudice /ˈpredʒudɪs/ n. 偏见，成见（31）【原句背诵】In a successful, stable and productive society, all jobs are equally important and no one is superior to another, so we should not have prejudice against any of them.【联想拓展】be superior to sb/sth（在品质上）更好的；占优势；更胜一筹be superior (to sb) （在级别、重要性或职位上）更高的be superior in 在…方面优越superior intelligence 更强的智力superiorly adv. 超越其他地；卓越地superiority n. 优越，优势；优越感，骄傲自大prejudice (against sb/sth) 偏见；成见without prejudice 无偏见racial prejudice 种族偏见Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》prejudiced adj. 怀偏见的；有成见的；偏颇的【反义词】superior的反义词是inferior adj. 较差的；低等的，下级的【警示误区】在be superior to中，介词to一般不用than替换。类似用法be inferior to, be senior to, be junior to等。
【经典例句】This model is technically superior to its competitors. 这一款式在技术上超过了与之竞争的产品。 We have a relationship infinitely superior to those of many of our friends. 我们之间的关系远比我们许多朋友之间的关系好得多。There is widespread prejudice against workers over 45. 对年龄超过45岁的工人有普遍的偏见。I must admit to a prejudice in favour of British universities. 我得承认我对英国大学有所偏爱。 There was a deep-rooted racial prejudice long before the two countries went to war. 早在两国交战之前就有了根深蒂固的种族偏见。The report was held back for fear of prejudicing his trial. 因为担心会使他的审判带有偏见，该报告没有公开。
【链接高考】（2021天津卷）The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. 诗人兼哲学家的医生是一个优秀的医生，他能给病人的不仅仅是良好的医疗技能。（2014山东卷）She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years. She could neither read nor write, yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal. 她生下来就是奴隶，而且当了将近三十年的奴隶。 她既不会读也不会写，然而在她自己的圈子里，却没有人比她强，也没有人比得上她。 （2015广东卷）This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice. 这表明英国人对口音的态度根深蒂固，是基于阶级偏见的。
13. lawyer /ˈlɔɪə(r)/ n. 律师（31）14. servant /ˈsɜːvənt/ n. 雇员，职员；仆人（31） public servant 公务员，公职人员（31）15. consultant /kənˈsʌltənt/ n. 顾问；会诊医师（31）16. clerk /klɑːk/ n. 职员，簿记员，文书 vi. 当职员（或文书、书记员） （31）17. receptionist /rɪˈsepʃənɪst/ n. 接待员（31）18. respective /rɪˈspektɪv/ adj. 分别的，各自的（31）【原句背诵】Whether we are scientists, lawyers, doctors, public servants, consultants, clerks, receptionists or butchers, we all make our respective contributions.
【联想拓展】law n.法律（体系）；法令，法规；规律，法则 consult v. 咨询，请教；商讨；当顾问reception n. 接待处，服务台；欢迎会，招待会the respective roles of men and women in society 男女在社会中各自的角色respectively adv. 分别地，依次地【经典例句】She is a consultant to the government. 她是政府顾问。Have you consulted your lawyer about this? 你就此事咨询过你的律师吗？ They are each recognized specialists in their respective fields. 他们在各自的领域都被视为专家。Steve and I were at very different stages in our respective careers. 史蒂夫和我处在各自事业的迥然不同的阶段。
【链接高考】（2019北京卷）At this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human –sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection. 在今年的I/O大会(I/O Conference)上，一家公司展示了一种新的语音技术，这种技术能够产生令人信服的人声，以至于它能够与接待员交谈并在不被发现的情况下预订房间。
19. zone /zəʊn/ n. 地区；区域（31） comfort zone 舒适区，放松区（31）【原句背诵】Moreover, there are people who choose to step out of their comfort zone and commit themselves to working for the benefit of others.【联想拓展】development zone 开发区economic zone 经济特区；经济圈；经济地带industrial zone 工业区economic development zone 经济开发区special economic zone (sez) 经济特区a war/security/demilitarized, etc. zone 交战区、安全区、非军事区等an earthquake/danger, etc. zone 地震带、危险地带等a pedestrian zone (= where vehicles may not go) 步行区【经典例句】What prevents us from getting out of our comfort zone? 是什么阻止了我们从舒适的小窝里走出来？
20. operate /ˈɒpəreɪt/ vt. 操作，使运行 vi. 运转，工作（33）【原句背诵】Besides, more importance will be attached to “soft skills”. Currently, a heavy focus is put on training in “hard skills”, such as machine operating and software programming. 【联想拓展】operation n. 运作，实施；运转，操作；手术；（有组织的）活动，行动operator n. （设备、机器的）操作员；经营者；精明圆滑的人，善于取巧的人operating adj. （机器、车辆、装置等）操作的，运作的；（企业、部门等）经营的，管理的【熟词生义】operate作“动手术”时，常用operate (on sb) (for sth) 。In March 2020, surgeons operated on Max for a brain aneurysm（动脉瘤）. 2020年3月，外科医生们为马克斯做了脑部动脉瘤手术。【经典例句】What skills are needed to operate this machinery? 操作这种机器需要什么技能？Solar panels can only operate in sunlight. 太阳能电池板只能在日光下起作用。
【链接高考】（2015湖北卷）Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control what’s on their plate. 洛奥是食物保存大师、园丁和罐头专家。 她还经营着一个网站，在那里她分享自己的秘诀和食谱，目的是证明每个人都有能力控制自己盘子里的食物。（2014江西卷）ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which operates the world’s only flying teaching eye hospital. ORBIS是一家国际非盈利组织，运营着世界上唯一的飞行教学眼科医院。
21. hire /ˈhaɪə(r)/ vt.&vi. 聘用，雇用；租用 n. 新雇员；租借（33）22. leadership /ˈliːdəʃɪp/ n. 领导应有的品质；领导地位（33）【原句背诵】However, in the future, employers will look to hire people who are ready and able to learn. As a result, employees will need to (5) attain excellent soft skills such communication, cooperation and leadership. 【联想拓展】to hire a car/room/video 租汽车╱房间╱录像带to hire a lawyer 聘请律师hire sth out 出租某物hire yourself out (to sb) 为（某人）工作；受聘于；受雇于for hire/rent 供出租 on hire/rent 出租的；雇用bicycles for hire, ￡2 an hour 自行车出租，每小时2英镑leadership qualities/skills 领导的素质╱技巧leadership team 领导团队under one’s leadership/under the leadership of 在…的领导下【同义词】hire的同义词可以用employ, rent等。【反义词】hire的反义词可以用fire, dismiss等。
【经典例句】Jessica was hired three years ago. 杰西卡是三年前录用的。They hired a firm of consultants to design the new system. 他们请了一家咨询公司来设计新的系统。 Sixteen of the contestants have hired lawyers and are suing（控诉） the organizers. 参赛者中有16人已经聘了律师，正在起诉主办方。Helmets will be available for hire at all Zhangjiakou Resort ski areas. 在张家口假村的所有滑雪场里都有头盔供出租。Strong leadership is needed to captain the team. 担任这个队的队长需要强有力的领导才能。 The party thrived（兴旺，繁荣）under his leadership . 这个党在他的领导下兴旺起来。【链接高考】（2020山东卷）Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.电影开始前，每个妇女都被要求吃一份点心。 研究人员雇佣的一名演员先抢了她的食物。 （2018北京卷）With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.在所有的项目中，团队合作是关键，因为受训人员了解到领导能力和参与更大任务的重要性。
23. weigh up 权衡，斟酌（34）【原句背诵】You may have a brilliant idea, but before you decide to put it into action, it is wise to weigh up the advantages and disadvantages of this option. 【联想拓展】weigh on sb/sth加重…的思想负担；使焦虑不安；使担忧weigh up 权衡；估量；称weigh in 加入比赛；比赛前量体重；参加辩论weigh sb down 使烦恼；使焦虑；使忧心忡忡weigh out v. 称出weigh one’s words 推敲；斟酌字句【经典例句】She weighed up all the evidence. 她慎重地考虑了所有的证据。I weighed the benefits of the plan against the risks involved. 我认真权衡了这个计划的优点和有关的风险。 I think that whatever problems Brazil's facing now—the same will be true for any country—you have to weigh up the pros and cons. 我认为，不管巴西现在面临什么问题——对任何国家来说都是如此——你都必须权衡利弊。
24. receipt /rɪˈsiːt/ n. 收到的款项，收入；收据（34）【原句背诵】For example, you should learn to sharpen your leadership skills and motivate your employees, or to develop your financial management skills and keep track of all your receipts and payments.【联想拓展】to make out (= write) a receipt 写收据net/gross receipts 净收入；总收入on receipt of 在收到…后in receipt of 已收到…【经典例句】I wrote her a receipt for the money. 我为那笔钱给她开了张收据。He was tallying（理货；计数）the day's receipts. 他正在结算当天的收入。The goods will be dispatched（发送）on receipt of an order form. 订单一到即发货。
25. commercial /kəˈmɜːʃl/ adj. 商业的，贸易的；盈利的；商业性的（24）【原句背诵】Another advantage is that you will be able to better provide for yourself and your family, or even the economy will benefit if you achieve commercial success. 【联想拓展】the commercial heart of the city 城市的商业中心commercially adv. 商业上；通商上commerce n. 贸易，商业commercialize v. 使商业化；使商品化commercialization n. 商品化，商业化【经典例句】There's a feeling among a lot of people that music has become too commercial. 许多人都感到音乐已变得太商业化了。The company has indeed become more commercial over the past decade. 这个公司在过去的十年里确实已变得越来越商业化了。Conservationists in Chile are concerned over the effect of commercial exploitation of forests. 智利的自然保护者对森林商业化开发的后果感到担忧。
【链接高考】（2020天津卷）For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Let’s say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming(哼唱) a short commercial song. 对于那些渴望和平和安静的人来说，声音现在可以创造安静。 假设你在机场，你旁边的座位上的小男孩哼着一首简短的商业歌曲。 （2018北京卷）The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene（聚乙烯）shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. 研究小组将100只蜡虫放在一个商用聚乙烯购物袋上12小时，这些蠕虫消耗并分解了约92毫克购物袋，约占其中的3%。
26. weekly /ˈwiːkli/ adj. 每周的 adv. 按周地 n. 周报，周刊（34）27. monthly /ˈmʌnθli/ adj. 每月的 adv. 按月地 n. 月刊（34）28. budget /ˈbʌdʒɪt/ n. 预算（34）29. put…on the line 让…处于危险之中（34）【原句背诵】For instance, you will have to work out weekly, monthly and yearly budgets, and a wrong decision might cost the company a great deal and put other people’s jobs on the line.【联想拓展】weekly magazine 周刊weekly report 周报，每周报告entertainment weekly 娱乐周刊；娱乐周报；每周娱乐a monthly meeting/visit/magazine 每月一次的会议╱拜访；月刊the fashion monthlies 时装月刊a monthly/an annual/a family budget 每月╱年度╱家庭预算the education/defence budget 教育╱国防预算
【经典例句】We decorated the house on a tight budget (= without much money to spend) . 我们俭省地装修了房子。The work was finished on time and within budget (= did not cost more money than was planned) . 工作按时完成且未超出预算。She will design a fantastic new kitchen for you – and all within your budget. 她将为你设计一个崭新的漂亮厨房--所有的花费都将在你的预算之内。Don't put your professional reputation on the line. 不要拿你的职业名声冒险。Firefighters do a job that sometimes requires them to put their lives on the line. 消防员们在执行任务中时常命悬一线。【链接高考】（2016北京卷）Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task, but she made it look effortless. 管理家庭预算一定是一项非常困难的任务，但她让它看起来毫不费力。
30. loan /ləʊn/ n.贷款，借款；借出 vt. 借出，贷与（尤指钱）（34）【原句背诵】Also, you will need to make sure any loans you have are repaid on time. 【联想拓展】loaner n. 债权人；代替品to take out/repay a loan (= to borrow money/pay it back) 取得╱偿还贷款bank loans with low interest rates 银行低息贷款loan sth (to sb)/loan (sb) sth 借出，贷与（尤指钱）loan sth (out) (to sb/sth)/loan (sb) sth 出借（贵重物品给博物馆等）【经典例句】The country has no access to foreign loans or financial aid. 该国得不到外国贷款或财政援助。The president wants to make it easier for small businesses to get bank loans. 总统想使小公司能更容易地获得银行贷款。The bank is happy to loan money to small businesses. 银行乐于贷款给小型企业。He loaned the museum his entire collection. 他把自己的全部收藏品都借给了博物馆。
【链接高考】For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. 举个例子，田纳西州的年轻农民乔纳森·戴辛格在几年前用当地“慢钱”组织的小额贷款开发了一种快速割菜收割机。 （2020天津卷）Check out a book. While libraries still loan out (出借)books, you’ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you’re looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries. 借一本书。 虽然图书馆仍然会借书，但你会发现，由于有地区图书馆的合作网络，无论你想要什么，都能更容易地得到一本书。 （2020天津卷）Some libraries even loan out toys and games. 有些图书馆甚至出借玩具和游戏。
31. client /ˈklaɪənt/ n. 客户，顾客，委托人（35）32. detective /dɪˈtektɪv/ n. 侦探，警探（35）33. subjective /səbˈdʒektɪv/ adj. 主观的（35）【原句背诵】(4) How you can satisfy the needs of potential clients most effectively should be the focus of your business. To achieve that, you need to do some detective work. Do not rely on your subjective judgement. 【联想拓展】a detective story/novel 侦探故事╱小说a detective film 侦探片private detective 私家侦探detect v. 查明，察觉；测出，检测，识别detection n. 察觉，发现；侦破（案件）detector n. 检测器；发现者；侦察器a highly subjective point of view 非常主观的看法subjective judgement n. 主观判断【反义词】subjective的反义词是objective adj. 客观的；客观存在的【经典例句】He rejected an objective understanding of color, in favor of a more subjective understanding.他不接受对颜色的客观理解，更倾向于支持主观理解。
34. directory /dəˈrektəri; daɪˈrektəri/ n. 名录，电话号码簿，公司名录（35）【原句背诵】You should also look through the business directory to see who your main competitors will be and find out how their businesses work. 【联想拓展】a telephone/trade directory 电话号码簿；商行名录file directory 文件目录【经典例句】This option lets you search your current directory for files by date, contents, and document summary. 这一选项让你按日期、内容和文件摘要在当前目录中查找文件。
35. plug /plʌɡ/ vt. 补足，供给；堵塞，封堵 n. 插头；插座（35）【原句背诵】On the other hand, partners can help plug the knowledge or skill gaps.【联想拓展】plug away（at）坚持不懈地做（尤指困难的工作）plug sth in/plug sth into sth 接通（电源）；把（插头）插进（插座）plug sth (up) 堵塞；封堵【警示误区】plug的过去式和过去分词要双写g，再加ed。【经典例句】He plugged the hole in the pipe with an old rag. 他用一块旧破布把管子上的那个洞塞住了。A cheaper range of products was introduced to plug the gap at the lower end of the market. 推出相对廉价的一系列产品，是为了填补较低档市场的缺口。I'll have to change the plug on my hairdryer. 我必须更换吹风机的插头。
36. groundwork /ˈɡraʊndwɜːk/ n. 基础工作，准备工作（35）【原句背诵】All this groundwork might seem boring when you just cannot wait to get started. However, if you are well prepared, the business you want to open will have a greater chance of success. 【联想拓展】lay the groundwork for… 基础工作；准备工作【经典例句】Yesterday's meeting was to lay the groundwork for the task ahead. 昨天的会议为后面的任务打下了基础。Officials are laying the groundwork for a summit conference of world leaders. 官员们正在为世界首脑峰会做准备工作。
37. premier /ˈpremiə(r)/ adj. 最著名的，最成功的，第一的 n. 首相，总理（37）38. institute /ˈɪnstɪtjuːt/ n. 机构，机构建筑 vt. 建立，制定（体系、政策等）（37）【原句背诵】To find out how to get into the field of fashion design, I did some research about what kind of education and skills I might need. I found out that many premier fashion designers studied at art institutes in London, Paris or Milan.【联想拓展】one of the country's premier chefs 国家名厨之一the Premier League/Division 超级联赛vice premier 副总理a research institute 研究所institutes of higher education 高等学府institution n. 机构，团体；社会收容机构；制度，习俗institutional adj. 机构的，慈善机构的；制度的，惯例的；根深蒂固的
39. *proportion /prəˈpɔːʃn/ n. 正确的比例；部分，份额；比例；体积，面积（37）40. fabric /ˈfæbrɪk/ n.织物，布料（37）41. fibre /ˈfaɪbə(r)/ n. 纤维制品；纤维素；纤维（37）【原句背诵】For example, they must have a good sense of color and proportion, be familiar with various fabrics such as cotton, wool and man-made fibres, be able to recognize styles and trends, and be creative.【联想拓展】keep sth in proportion 恰当地处事；看待事物恰如其分out of (all) proportion (to sth) 不相称；不协调proportional adj. 成比例的；相称的，协调的；（数）成常比的; n. （数）比例项proportionally adv. 成比例地；相称地，适当地proportionate adj. 成比例的；相称的；适当的; vt. 使成比例；使相称a high-/low-fibre diet 纤维素含量高╱低的饮食【经典例句】The proportion of men to women in the college has changed dramatically over the years. 近年来，这个学院的男女学生比例出现了剧变。The room is very long in proportion to (= relative to) its width. 这房间的长度比宽度大很多。Dried fruits are especially high in fibre. 干水果的纤维素含量尤其高。
42. qualification /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 资格，资历；学历；合格，达到标准（37）【原句背诵】After much thought, I decided to develop these skills and get the right qualifications by studying art at university.【联想拓展】academic/educational/professional/vocational qualifications 学术╱教育╱专业╱职业资历a nursing/teaching, etc. qualification 护理、教学等资格to acquire/gain/get/obtain/have/hold qualifications 获得╱取得╱得到╱拿到╱拥有╱持有资格qualification and experience 资历qualify v. （使）有权去做；取得资格，达到标准；获得参赛资格qualified adj. 具备……的学历（资历）的；（尤指做某项工作）有资格的，胜任的【经典例句】In this job, experience counts for more than paper qualifications . 担任这项工作，经验比文凭更重要。Previous teaching experience is a necessary qualification for this job. 教学经验是担任这项工作的必备条件。Responsibility and reliability are necessary qualifications, as well as a friendly and outgoing personality. 责任感和可靠性是必需的素质，友善和外向的性格也必不可少。
43. swing /swɪŋ/ vi.&vt. (swung, swung) 改变；摆动，摇摆 n. 改变；摆动；秋千（37）swing into action 立即行动起来；马上大干起来（37）【原句背诵】Actually, I do not have to wait until I go to university to swing into action as there will be a workshop in my city next month, which I am hoping to attend. 【联想拓展】swing (sth) (at sb/sth) （挥动某物）朝…打去swing (from A) (to B)/swing (between A and B) （使）改变（意见、情绪等）【警示误区】swing作动词时，其过去式和过去分词是不规则变化，分别是：swung, swung，使用时要注意！【经典例句】His arms swung as he walked. 他边走边摆着双臂。He sat on the stool, swinging his legs. 他坐在凳子上晃动着两条腿。 The bus swung sharply to the left. 公共汽车猛地拐向左边。Educational practice is liable to sudden swings and changes. 教育实践活动易出现突然的转向和变化。Regardless of the dream is big or small, the goal is high or low, from now on, swing it into action. 不管梦想是大是小，目标是高是低，从现在开始，把它付诸行动。
【链接高考】（2020新课标卷I）But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. 但这项运动的规则要求竞走运动员的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，并且一只脚始终保持与地面接触。
44. label /ˈleɪb(ə)l/ n. 标签；（不恰当的）称谓 vt. 贴标签于；（尤指不公正地）把…称为（37）【原句背诵】Clothes with designer labels in shops are generally thought to be too expensive. 【联想拓展】price/address labels 价格标签；地址签条label sb/sth (as) sth （尤指不公正地）把…称为【经典例句】The washing instructions are on the label. 洗涤说明在标签上。He'll only wear clothes with a designer label . 他只愿穿高档名牌服装。It requires foreign frozen-food imports to be clearly labelled. 它要求外国进口冷冻食品要粘贴明确的标签。The produce was labelled "Made in China." 该产品上贴有“中国制造”的标签。
【链接高考】（2020新课标卷II）She is trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly. 她正试图为海狸鼠时装设计一个标签，以表明它是环保的。 （2015浙江卷）Most graphs have a few basic parts: a caption or introduction paragraph, a title , a legend or key, and labeled axes. 大多数图表都有几个基本部分：标题或引言段、标题、图例或键以及标记的轴。
45. candidate /ˈkændɪdət/ n. 候选人；应试者；被认定合格者（39）46. gain the upper hand 处于有利地位，有优势（39）【原句背诵】The odds are that you’ve never been a candidate for a particular job before, but my advice will help you gain the upper hand as you set off and step into the world of employment.【联想拓展】a candidate for 候选人；人选qualified candidate 合格的候选人；合资格人员suitable candidate 合适人选a presidential candidate 总统候选人one of the leading candidates for the presidency 总统职位的主要候选人之一【经典例句】He is a candidate for the office of governor. 他是州长的候选人。There were a large number of candidates for the job. 有许多求职者申请这份工作。 The young player endeavors to gain the upper hand. 年轻的选手努力让自己占上风。China made that promise as part of efforts to gain the upper hand in global climate-change negotiations. 中国的这一承诺在一定程度上是为了努力在全球气候变化谈判中占据上风。
【链接高考】（2021全国甲卷）The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.这头可爱的母犀牛是该保护区今年出生的第二头黑犀牛，但现在还不能确定这头小犀牛是否适合重返野生保护区。（2021天津卷）We need people who can work at our warehouse （仓库）sorting and packing items to be delivered to families, repair donated furniture and more. Candidates will be matched with a task based on skill set. 我们需要有人在我们的仓库工作，分拣和包装要送到家庭的物品，修理捐赠的家具等。 候选人将根据技能组合匹配一项任务。
47. applicant /ˈæplɪkənt/ n. 申请人（39）【原句背诵】An interview is a conversation between an employer and a potential employee, which allows the interviewer to assess the job applicant to see if he or she is suitable for the position. Meanwhile, it provides an opportunity for the applicant to learn more about the job and the company, and to discover whether this job is right for him or her.【联想拓展】an applicant for sth 申请人（尤指求职、进高等学校等）apply to sb/sth) (for sth) （通常以书面形式）申请，请求apply sth (to sth) 使用；应用；涂；敷；施apply yourself (to sth/to doing sth) 勤奋工作；努力学习apply for a job 求职；申请工作application n. 正式申请，书面申请；申请书，申请表；敷用，涂抹applicable adj. 适用的，适当的【经典例句】There were over 500 applicants for the job. 有500多人申请这份工作。The job advertisement stipulates（规定）that the applicant must have three years' experience. 招聘广告明确要求应聘者必须有三年工作经验。
【链接高考】（2021天津卷）All applicants must have a driver's license and access to a car. Gas will be covered for each delivery. 所有申请人都必须有驾驶执照，并能使用汽车。 每次送货都要付煤气费用。
48. prior /ˈpraɪə(r)/ adj. 在前的；优先的，占先的（39） prior to 在…之前（39）【原句背诵】Prior to the interview, ensure you make good preparations. 【联想拓展】priority n. 优先事项，最重要的事；优先，优先权prioritize v. 按优先顺序列出，确定（任务）优先顺序；优先处理，优先考虑【经典例句】He claimed he had no prior knowledge of the protest. 他声称他事先对那次抗议一无所知。The Constitution requires the president to seek the prior approval of Congress for military action. 宪法要求总统寻求国会对军事行动的事先批准。This information must not be disclosed without prior written consent（许可，允许）. 未事先征得书面许可，此消息不得泄露。Although not essential, some prior knowledge of statistics is desirable. 统计学的知识虽非必要，但最好是学过一点。
49. profile /ˈprəʊfaɪl/ n. 概述；形象；侧面轮廓 vt. 概述，写简介（39）50. criterion /kraɪˈtɪəriən/ n. (pl. criteria)标准，准则（39）【原句背诵】Find out about the company and the post you are interviewing for through the company profile. This information will give you a good basis for what criteria are used for selecting candidates. 【联想拓展】a job/employee profile 工作╱雇员简介the profile of the tower against the sky 天空映衬出塔楼的轮廓a high/low profile 惹人╱不惹人注目；高╱低姿态design criteria 设计准则；设计标准quality criteria 质量判据；质量准则selection criteria 选择标准；选拔准则assessment criteria 评估准则；评价准则【警示误区】criterion的复数常用criteria，使用时要注意！
【经典例句】We first build up a detailed profile of our customers and their requirements. 首先，我们建立起我们的客户及其需求的详细资料。The deal will certainly raise the company's international profile. 这宗交易肯定会提高这家公司的国际形象。His career is profiled in this month's journal. 这期月刊概述了他的工作生涯。 Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth. 实践是检验真理的唯一标准。What criteria are used for assessing a student's ability? 用什么标准来评定一个学生的能力？The most important criterion for entry is that applicants must design and make their own work. 参加的最重要标准就是申请人必须设计并制作自己的作品。As the examination score is the only criterion for his academic performance, a student is driven to memorize mechanically rather than to think creatively. 由于考试成绩是学业表现的唯一评价标准，因此学生被迫机械地记忆而不是创造性地思考。
51. *concisely /kənˈsaɪsli/ adv. 简明地，简练地，简洁地（39）【原句背诵】Practice makes perfect. Keep at it until you can concisely and confidently present your best self.【联想拓展】concise adj. 简明的，简洁的a concise summary 简明扼要的总结clear concise instructions 言简意赅的说明conciseness n. 简明，简洁；切除concise style 简洁; 简约风格concise and comprehensive 简明扼要; 言简意赅【同义词】briefly adv. 简短地，简要地【经典例句】He'd delivered his report clearly and concisely. 他简洁明了地陈述了他的报告。Whether verbal or written, professionals communicate clearly, concisely, thoroughly, and accurately. 无论是口头上还是记下来，专业人士的交流都应清楚、简洁、深刻和准确。
52. shave /ʃeɪv/ n. 刮脸，剃须 vi.&vt. 剃发，刮脸（39）53. refreshed /rɪˈfreʃt/ adj. 恢复了精力的，精神振作的（39）【原句背诵】Prepare to make a good first impression. Dress appropriately for your interview and gentlemen, be sure to have a good shave. Get a good night’s rest so that you feel and look refreshed. 【联想拓展】to have a shave 刮脸shave off 剃掉，刮掉shaver n. 电动剃须刀，剃毛器；理发师refreshed in spirit 心旷神怡refresher n. 可提神的人或物refresh v. 使恢复精神，使消除疲劳；使记起，提醒refreshment n. 茶点，点心（refreshments）；食物和饮料；恢复活力，焕发精神【经典例句】He awoke feeling completely refreshed. 他醒来感觉精神完全恢复了。
54. mode /məʊd/ n. 方式，风格，样式（39）55. delay /dɪˈleɪ/ n. 延迟的时间；延期，耽搁 vi.&vt. 延迟，延期；使迟到，使拖延（39）【原句背诵】Check the address of the interview, decide what mode of transport to use and allow extra time for traffic delays. 【联想拓展】a mode of communication 交流方式a mode of behavior/thinking 行为/思维模式environment-friendly modes of transport 环保型的运输模式a delay of two hours/a two-hour delay 两小时的延误without delay 立即；毫不迟延地delay (doing) sth 延期，推迟【警示误区】delay作动词时，其后接doing sth，不能接to do sth，使用时要注意！He delayed telling her the news, waiting for the right moment. 他没有马上把消息告诉她，等有了适当的时机再说。
【经典例句】Switch the camera into the automatic mode. 将照相机调到自动拍摄状态。 We apologize for the delay in answering your letter. 来信收悉，迟复为歉。Commuters will face long delays on the roads today. 路远乘车上下班的人今天要在路上耽误很多时间了。Various setbacks and problems delayed production. 各种各样的挫折和问题延误了生产。They delayed having children, for the usual reason, to establish their careers. 他们推迟了要孩子，为了要建立事业这个通常的理由。【链接高考】（2021浙江卷）Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.杂货店试图在收银台有足够的员工，以最小的延迟让所有顾客通过。（2021浙江卷）If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. 如果存储中有三行，延迟将在不同的寄存器中随机发生。
56. duration /djuˈreɪʃn/ n. 持续时间，期间（40） for the duration直到…结束，在整个…期间（40）57. rude /ruːd/ adj. 粗鲁的，无礼的，粗野的（40）【原句背诵】For the duration of the interview, listen carefully to the questions, and if you need clarification, it is not rude to say so. 【联想拓展】a contract of three years' duration 三年期的合同during prep. 在……期间；在……期间的某个时候durable adj. 持久的，耐用的durability n. 持久性，耐用性be rude (to sb) (about sb/sth)/(to do sth) 粗鲁的；无礼的；粗野的a rude comment 粗鲁的批评rudely adv. 无礼地；粗暴地rudeness n. 无礼；粗蛮【经典例句】The duration of previous geologic periods was difficult to determine. 以前很难确定地质期的持续时间。It's rude to speak when you're eating. 吃东西的时候说话不礼貌。
58. justify /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ vt. 对…作出解释，为…辩护；证明…正确（40）59. relevant /ˈreləvənt/ adj. 紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的，有意义的（40）【原句背诵】Justify yourself with relevant examples from your personal experience and be specific about your achievements. However, you’ll also need to pay attention to the interviewer’s response to determine whether to provide more details or not. 【联想拓展】justify to 向……说明，解释justify for 为……辩解; 为……证明justification n. 正当理由，合理解释；证明为正当，辩护justified adj. 有正当理由的；合乎情理的；事出有因的justifiable adj. 可辩解的，有道理的；可证明为正当的justifiably adv. 言之有理地，无可非议地just adj. 公正的，合理的；正直的，正义的；正确的；公平的；应得的a relevant suggestion/question/point 相关的提议╱问题╱观点relevant to 有关的，相应的；与……有关的relevantly adv. 贴切地；得要领地relevance n. 相关性，实用性，意义relevancy n. 关联；恰当【反义词】relevant的反义词是irrelevant adj. 不相关的，不相干的
【经典例句】No argument can justify a war. 没有任何理由能证明一个战争有理。Her success had justified the faith her teachers had put in her. 她的成功证明了老师对她的信心是正确的。The Prime Minister has been asked to justify the decision to Parliament. 要求首相就这一决定向议会作出解释。You don‘t need to justify yourself to me. 你不必向我解释你的理由。Do you have the relevant experience? 你有相关的经历吗？ Is religion still relevant to most people's lives? 宗教和大多数人的生活还有关系吗？These comments are not directly relevant to this enquiry. 这些意见与这项调查没有直接联系。【链接高考】（2016江苏卷）The on-line classroom provides an innovative relevant and interactive Learning environment.在线课堂提供了一个创新的相关和互动的学习环境。
60. infer /ɪnˈfɜː(r)/ vt. 推断，推论，推理（40）【原句背诵】The interviewer can infer a lot from your body language. 【联想拓展】infer sth (from sth) 推断；推论；推理inferred adj. 推论的；推测出的; v. 推测（infer 的过去分词）inferring n. 推理；推理阅读; v. 推理；猜想（infer 的 ing 形式）inferred from 从······推断出（inferred 是 infer 的过去分词）inferrer 推测者，猜想者 inferrable 能推论的; 可推断的【警示误区】infer的现在分词、过去式、过去分词要双写r，再加ing、ed。使用时要注意！【经典例句】It is reasonable to infer that the government knew about these deals. 有理由推想政府知悉这些交易。The police inferred, though they didn't exactly say it, that they found her behaviour rather suspicious. 警方虽未明说却暗示他们发现她的行迹相当可疑。Much of the meaning must be inferred from the context. 大部分含意必须从上下文中推断。Are you inferring (that) I'm not capable of doing the job? 你的言外之意是不是我不能胜任这份工作？
61. *convey /kənˈveɪ/ vt. 表达，传递；传送，运送（40）62. firm /fɜːm/ adj. 强有力的，坚决的；牢固的，稳固的 n. 商行，公司（40）63. genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ adj. 真诚的，诚实的；真的，名副其实的（40）【原句背诵】Positive language body conveys the impression that you are confident and relaxed. So start with a firm handshake and a genuine smile when greeting the interviewer. 【联想拓展】convey sth (to sb) 表达，传递（思想、感情等）convey sb/sth (from...) (to...) 传送；运送；输送a firm believer in socialism 坚定信仰社会主义的人a firm agreement/date/decision/offer/promise 巩固的协议；确定的日期；不能更改的决定；实盘；坚决的保证firm beliefs/conclusions/convictions/principles 坚定不移的信仰；定论；坚定的信念╱原则firmly adv. 坚固地，牢固地；强而有力地；坚决地an engineering firm 工程公司 a firm of accountants 会计事务所genuine concern for others 对他人真诚的关心a very genuine person 非常诚实可信的人genuinely adv. 真诚地；诚实地 genuineness n. 真实，真正；真诚，真挚【同义词】genuine意思是“真的，名副其实的”时，同义词可用authentic adj. 真实的；正宗的
【经典例句】Colours like red convey a sense of energy and strength. 红色之类的颜色可给人以充满活力与力量的感觉。Please convey my apologies to your family. 请向你的家人转达我的歉意。 He tried desperately to convey how urgent the situation was. 他不顾一切地试图说明情况是多么紧急。The firm's employees were expecting large bonuses. 这家公司的雇员们正期待着大笔的奖金。We have no firm evidence to support the case. 我们没有确凿的证据支持这个论点。No building can stand without firm foundations, and neither can a marriage. 没有稳固的基础，建筑就不牢靠，婚姻也是如此。 Is the painting a genuine Picasso? 这幅画是毕加索的真迹吗？He made a genuine attempt to improve conditions. 他真心实意地努力改善环境。
【链接高考】（2021新高考I卷）In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. 1934年，随着《候鸟狩猎印花税法案》的通过，越来越关注这一问题的国家采取了坚定的行动，阻止对候鸟及其生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。（2016北京卷）Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. 我们这一代人曾经在国家的紧急时刻手挽手，坚定地站在一起。 （2017全国卷III）Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.布拉德福德将剧院的建筑和土地卖给了当地的一家开发公司，该公司计划在剧院所在的土地上建造一个购物中心。
64. *yawn /jɔːn/ vi.打哈欠（40）【原句背诵】Negative body language, such as yawning, looking around and crossing your arms, is to be avoided because it implies that you are bored, anxious or defensive. 65. seize /siːz/ vt. 抓住，把握；捉住，夺；攻占；没收（40）【原句背诵】Towards the end of the interview, don’t forget to seize the moment and ask questions. 【联想拓展】seize sth (from sb) 抓住；捉住；夺；（常指通过暴力突然）夺取，攻占，控制seize a chance, an opportunity, the initiative, etc 抓住，把握（机会、时机、主动等）seize hold/control of v. 抓住；占领seize the moment 把握时机；抓住机会；把握此刻；活在当下seize sb by…抓住某人…【同义词】grab v. 抓住，攫取；取【经典例句】We should seize the precious chance. 我们应该抓住这个宝贵的机会。We are anxious to get a better education so that we can seize the chance to have a brighter future. 我们渴望得到更好的教育，这样我们就能抓住机会拥有一个更美好的未来。They seized the airport in a surprise attack. 他们突袭攻占了机场。
66. corporate /ˈkɔːpərət/ adj. 公司的；全体的，共同的（40）【原句背诵】For example, “Japanese was a minor subject I took and I know that expanding into Japan is part of your corporate plan. Will this position provide opportunities to work in emerging markets there?”【联想拓展】corporate finance/planning/strategy 公司的财务╱计划╱战略corporate identity 公司形象corporate hospitality 公司对顾客的热情招待corporate responsibility 共同的责任corporate culture 企业文化，公司文化corporation n. 社团，公司，法人（团体）；市政当局【形近词】cooperate v. 合作，协作；配合，协助【经典例句】The law applies to both individuals and corporate bodies. 本法律既适用于个人也适用于法人团体。 American economists have made important contributions to the field of financial and corporate economics. 美国经济学家在金融社团经济学领域做出了重要贡献。
【链接高考】（2020浙江卷）It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Francisca Then points out. Francisca Then指出，不仅是公司的工作，甚至是有偿的工作都能帮助你保持大脑健康。 （2016江苏卷）Human children, on the other hand are extremely corporative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.另一方面，孩子们是非常合作的。 从很小的时候起，他们就决定帮助别人，分享信息，并参与实现共同的目标。
67. put one’s best foot forward 全力以赴（40）68. rainbow /ˈreɪnbəʊ/ n. 虹，彩虹（40）【原句背诵】If you follow these steps and put your foot forward in your interview, you will be one step closer to reaching the end of the rainbow and obtaining your dream job. 【联想拓展】put forward v. 提出；拿出；放出；推举出 put for 以……为目标前进put down 镇压；记下；贬低；制止 put off 推迟；扔掉；阻止put into practice 实行，实施；落实 put into operation 使生效；使运转，使开动put into production 把…投入生产 put into use 使用，应用；投入使用put away 放好；抛弃；储存 put up with v. 忍受；容忍put emphasis on 重视，强调；把重点放在…… put in place 到位；落实到位；正在实施put in 提出，提交；放入；种植；使就职 put on 穿上；上演；增加；假装；使…上场put into 使进入；把...放进；在……上种植 put up 提供；建造；举起；推举，提名；供给…住宿put out 熄灭；伸出；出版；使不方便，打扰put forth 提出；发表；启航；（植物等）长出；放出
69. madam /ˈmædəm/ n. 女士，夫人（41）70. temporary /ˈtemprəri/ adj. 临时的，暂时的（41）71. bowling /ˈbəʊlɪŋ/ n. 保龄球运动（41）72. tournament /ˈtʊənəmənt/ n. 锦标赛（41）【原句背诵】Yes, madam, I do. While I was studying, I had the opportunity to work as a photographer for the student newspaper. I also did some temporary work for several local sporting events, like the bowling tournament. 【联想拓展】temporary relief from pain 短暂的缓痛temporary employment 短工a temporary measure/solution/arrangement 临时措施╱解决办法╱安排temporary residence permit (card) 暂住证temporarily adv. 暂时地，临时地a golf/squash/tennis/bowling, etc. tournament 高尔夫球、壁球、网球、保龄球等锦标赛【形近词】contemporary adj. 当代的，现代的；同时代的，同时期的【反义词】temporary的反义词是permanent adj. 永久的，永恒的；终生的，长期的
【经典例句】New members will be issued with a temporary identity card. 新成员将配发临时身份卡。It was recognized that this solution could only be temporary. 人们意识到这只是个临时的解决方案。The breakdown in talks represents a temporary setback in the peace process. 谈判破裂意味着和平进程暂时受阻。【链接高考】（2020江苏卷）Jan 23: Wuhan declared temporary outbound (向外的) traffic restrictions. 1月23日，武汉市宣布临时出境交通限制。 （2015上海卷）It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art.这是一项很受欢迎的活动，情侣们可以悠闲地穿过小镇，欣赏这些临时的冰雕艺术作品。
牛津英语单元词汇详解选择性 必修四Unit 3 Careers and skills
1. salary /ˈsæləri/ n. 薪金，薪水（30）【原句背诵】If you were asked the question, “Do you work to live or live to work?” what would your answer be? Some might say that we work because we have to, not least because we need the salary that enables us to be financially independent. 【联想拓展】an annual salary of $40 000 4万美元的年薪a 9% salary increase/rasie 加薪9%monthly salary 月薪gross salary 工资总额salaryman n. 上班族salary cap 工资上限【经典例句】I got a fantastic new job and my salary tripled. 我得到了一份极好的新工作，我的薪水是原来的三倍。As a top lawyer, he can expect to command a six-figure salary. 作为首屈一指的律师，他可望拿到六位数的薪资。The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages. 就薪金而言，这个工作倒是挺不错的，但也有一些不利之处。
2. labour /ˈleɪbə(r)/ n. 劳动，（尤指）体力劳动；分娩期，分娩 vi. 努力做；干苦力活（30） labour force（全公司或全国的）劳动力（30）【原句背诵】It is certainly true that most of us do join the labour force once our studies are completed. 【联想拓展】labor=labour labour force n. 劳动力manual labour (= work using your hands) 体力劳动a shortage of labour 劳动力的短缺 labourer n. 劳动者；劳工Labour（abbr. Lab）英国工党labour for v. 努力争取【经典例句】We have a problem of skilled labour. 我们缺少熟练工。Repairs involve skilled labour , which can be expensive. 修理需要熟练技工，人工费会很昂贵。The company wants to keep down labour costs . 公司想保持低劳动成本。Scientists laboured for months to unravel the mysteries of Neptune and still remain baffled（迷惑）. 科学家们为揭开海王星之谜艰难地工作了数月，但依然迷惑不解。
【链接高考】（2015四川卷）Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work. Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn as much as $ 172,000 a year. 母亲们很早就知道，她们的家庭工作量和有偿工作一样沉重。 现在，新的研究表明，如果他们为父母的劳动支付报酬，他们每年将赚取多达17.2万美元。
3. *gear /ɡɪə(r)/ vt. 使适用于 n. 排挡；齿轮；传动装置（30）【原句背诵】Indeed, it could be argued that our education is geared towards preparing us for a life of work.【联想拓展】gear sth to/towards (doing) sth 使与…相适应；使适合于gear up (for/to sth)/gear sb/sth up (for/to sth)（使）为…作好准备reverse gear 倒挡low/high gear 低速╱高速挡to change/shift gear 换挡【经典例句】The course had been geared towards the specific needs of its members. 课程已作调整，以满足学员的特别需要。My training was geared toward winning gold. 我的训练是为赢得金牌去规划的。Careless use of the clutch（离合器）may damage the gears. 离合器使用不当可能会损坏传动装置。
4. earn a living 谋生（30）【原句背诵】However, earning a living is by no means the only reason why we work—there are other important reasons that motivate us to enter the world of work. 【联想拓展】earn a fortune 赚大钱earn a good mark 得到赞扬earn an income 赚取收入make a living 谋生；维持生活【经典例句】First you should consider how to equip yourself to earn a living. 首先你应该考虑如何让自己有能力谋生。School leavers face so much competition that they seldom care what they do as long as they can earn a living. 毕业生面临着十分激烈的竞争，以至于只要能以谋生，他们就很少关心做什么工作。
5. attain /əˈteɪn/ vt. 达到；获得（30）【原句背诵】Through the work we do, our goals can be attained and our dreams achieved. 【联想拓展】attainment n. 达到，获得；成就，造诣attainable adj. 可得到的；可达到的；可到达的unattainable adj. 做不到的；难到达的【经典例句】Are you courageous enough to attain that goal that you set? 你有足够的胆量来实现你所制定的目标吗？Students with high hope set themselves higher goals and know how to work to attain them. 被寄予厚望的学生为自己设定更高的目标，并知道如何努力实现这些目标。The gas can be stored under pressure and attain to recover the energy. 这种气体可以在压力下储存，以恢复能量。
6. *endeavor /ɪn‘devə/ vi. 努力，尽力 n. 努力，尝试（30）【原句背诵】Henry David Thoreau said, “…if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.”【联想拓展】endeavor=endeadourmake an endeavor to do sth尽力做某事advances in the field of scientific endeavour 在科学探索领域的进步endeavour for 尽力endeavour to perfect one's skill 努力钻研技术【经典例句】Please make every endeavour to arrive on time. 请尽全力按时到达。The manager is expected to use his or her best endeavours to promote the artist's career. 经纪人应以最大的努力来推动其演艺人的事业发展。I will endeavour to do my best for my country. 我将竭尽全力报效祖国。
7. passion /ˈpæʃ(ə)n/ n. 强烈感情；酷爱（30）【原句背诵】Yang Liwei, for example, driven by his passion for flying, became a pilot and then China’s first astronaut in space. 【联想拓展】have a passion for 对…有强烈的爱好passionate adj. 热诚的，狂热的；热恋的，情意绵绵的；易怒的passionately adv. 热情地；强烈地；激昂地【经典例句】The chemist says she always has a passion for science. 这位化学家说她对科学一直很有热情。He has developed a consuming passion for chess. 他对国际象棋已经产生了浓厚的兴趣。Music is a passion with him. 他对音乐情有独钟。【链接高考】（2019江苏卷）Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family. 音乐是他真正的激情所在，尽管他从未在家庭之外表演过。（2017全国卷I）Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology.自1962年以来，太平洋科学中心一直激发着人们对科学、数学和技术的探索和终身学习的热情。
8. fond /fɒnd/ adj. 喜爱（30） be fond of 喜爱（30）【原句背诵】Wherever our interests may lie and whatever our career choices might be, work allows us the opportunity to be engaged in something we are fond of, and consequently, it can give us a great sense of achievement and satisfaction. 【联想拓展】fondness n. 爱好；溺爱fondly adv. 天真地；怜爱地；温柔地【经典例句】I used to live in York and I'm still fond of the place. 我曾住在约克郡，现在仍然喜欢那里。I've always been fond of poetry and one piece has always stuck in my mind. 我一直喜欢诗歌，有一首诗一直被我铭记于心。【链接高考】（2013江苏卷）One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.侏罗纪海洋的特征之一是有大量的大型鲨鱼和鳄鱼，它们都喜欢吃鱼龙的午餐。
9. anticipate /ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ vt. 预计（并做准备）；预料（31）【原句背诵】Twenty years ago, positions in social technologies or energy efficiency did not even exist, and it is difficult to anticipate the new positions which will emerge twenty years from now. 【联想拓展】anticipate doing sth/anticipate sth doing sth 期盼；期望anticipation n. 预期，预料；期盼，期望in anticipation of sth 期待着；预计到anticipatory adj. 预期的；提早发生的；期待着的【警示误区】anticipate后常接doing (sth) 作宾语，一般不能接to do (sth)。使用时要注意！They anticipate moving to bigger premises（场所）by the end of the year. 他们预期年底前迁入较大的经营场址。【经典例句】There are some things in life we just can't anticipate. 生活中有些事使我们无法预料的。We anticipate that additional funding will be required. 我们预期，更多的救援资金将是必不可少的。Try and anticipate what the interviewers will ask. 尽量设想面试主持者会提出什么问题。Imagination is a faculty（能力）that some people use to anticipate future events in their lives. 想象力是一些人用来预测生活中未来事件的能力。
10. *status quo /ˌsteɪtəs ˈkwəʊ/ n. 现状，原来的状况（31）【原句背诵】However, it is certain that no one can afford to be satisfied with the status quo.
11. superior /suːˈpɪəriə(r)/ adj. 好的，占优势的 n. 级别（或地位、职位）更高的人（31）12. prejudice /ˈpredʒudɪs/ n. 偏见，成见（31）【原句背诵】In a successful, stable and productive society, all jobs are equally important and no one is superior to another, so we should not have prejudice against any of them.【联想拓展】be superior to sb/sth（在品质上）更好的；占优势；更胜一筹be superior (to sb) （在级别、重要性或职位上）更高的be superior in 在…方面优越superior intelligence 更强的智力superiorly adv. 超越其他地；卓越地superiority n. 优越，优势；优越感，骄傲自大prejudice (against sb/sth) 偏见；成见without prejudice 无偏见racial prejudice 种族偏见Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》prejudiced adj. 怀偏见的；有成见的；偏颇的【反义词】superior的反义词是inferior adj. 较差的；低等的，下级的【警示误区】在be superior to中，介词to一般不用than替换。类似用法be inferior to, be senior to, be junior to等。
【经典例句】This model is technically superior to its competitors. 这一款式在技术上超过了与之竞争的产品。 We have a relationship infinitely superior to those of many of our friends. 我们之间的关系远比我们许多朋友之间的关系好得多。There is widespread prejudice against workers over 45. 对年龄超过45岁的工人有普遍的偏见。I must admit to a prejudice in favour of British universities. 我得承认我对英国大学有所偏爱。 There was a deep-rooted racial prejudice long before the two countries went to war. 早在两国交战之前就有了根深蒂固的种族偏见。The report was held back for fear of prejudicing his trial. 因为担心会使他的审判带有偏见，该报告没有公开。
【链接高考】（2021天津卷）The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. 诗人兼哲学家的医生是一个优秀的医生，他能给病人的不仅仅是良好的医疗技能。（2014山东卷）She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years. She could neither read nor write, yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal. 她生下来就是奴隶，而且当了将近三十年的奴隶。 她既不会读也不会写，然而在她自己的圈子里，却没有人比她强，也没有人比得上她。 （2015广东卷）This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice. 这表明英国人对口音的态度根深蒂固，是基于阶级偏见的。
13. lawyer /ˈlɔɪə(r)/ n. 律师（31）14. servant /ˈsɜːvənt/ n. 雇员，职员；仆人（31） public servant 公务员，公职人员（31）15. consultant /kənˈsʌltənt/ n. 顾问；会诊医师（31）16. clerk /klɑːk/ n. 职员，簿记员，文书 vi. 当职员（或文书、书记员） （31）17. receptionist /rɪˈsepʃənɪst/ n. 接待员（31）18. respective /rɪˈspektɪv/ adj. 分别的，各自的（31）【原句背诵】Whether we are scientists, lawyers, doctors, public servants, consultants, clerks, receptionists or butchers, we all make our respective contributions.
【联想拓展】law n.法律（体系）；法令，法规；规律，法则 consult v. 咨询，请教；商讨；当顾问reception n. 接待处，服务台；欢迎会，招待会the respective roles of men and women in society 男女在社会中各自的角色respectively adv. 分别地，依次地【经典例句】She is a consultant to the government. 她是政府顾问。Have you consulted your lawyer about this? 你就此事咨询过你的律师吗？ They are each recognized specialists in their respective fields. 他们在各自的领域都被视为专家。Steve and I were at very different stages in our respective careers. 史蒂夫和我处在各自事业的迥然不同的阶段。
【链接高考】（2019北京卷）At this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human –sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection. 在今年的I/O大会(I/O Conference)上，一家公司展示了一种新的语音技术，这种技术能够产生令人信服的人声，以至于它能够与接待员交谈并在不被发现的情况下预订房间。
19. zone /zəʊn/ n. 地区；区域（31） comfort zone 舒适区，放松区（31）【原句背诵】Moreover, there are people who choose to step out of their comfort zone and commit themselves to working for the benefit of others.【联想拓展】development zone 开发区economic zone 经济特区；经济圈；经济地带industrial zone 工业区economic development zone 经济开发区special economic zone (sez) 经济特区a war/security/demilitarized, etc. zone 交战区、安全区、非军事区等an earthquake/danger, etc. zone 地震带、危险地带等a pedestrian zone (= where vehicles may not go) 步行区【经典例句】What prevents us from getting out of our comfort zone? 是什么阻止了我们从舒适的小窝里走出来？
20. operate /ˈɒpəreɪt/ vt. 操作，使运行 vi. 运转，工作（33）【原句背诵】Besides, more importance will be attached to “soft skills”. Currently, a heavy focus is put on training in “hard skills”, such as machine operating and software programming. 【联想拓展】operation n. 运作，实施；运转，操作；手术；（有组织的）活动，行动operator n. （设备、机器的）操作员；经营者；精明圆滑的人，善于取巧的人operating adj. （机器、车辆、装置等）操作的，运作的；（企业、部门等）经营的，管理的【熟词生义】operate作“动手术”时，常用operate (on sb) (for sth) 。In March 2020, surgeons operated on Max for a brain aneurysm（动脉瘤）. 2020年3月，外科医生们为马克斯做了脑部动脉瘤手术。【经典例句】What skills are needed to operate this machinery? 操作这种机器需要什么技能？Solar panels can only operate in sunlight. 太阳能电池板只能在日光下起作用。
【链接高考】（2015湖北卷）Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control what’s on their plate. 洛奥是食物保存大师、园丁和罐头专家。 她还经营着一个网站，在那里她分享自己的秘诀和食谱，目的是证明每个人都有能力控制自己盘子里的食物。（2014江西卷）ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which operates the world’s only flying teaching eye hospital. ORBIS是一家国际非盈利组织，运营着世界上唯一的飞行教学眼科医院。
21. hire /ˈhaɪə(r)/ vt.&vi. 聘用，雇用；租用 n. 新雇员；租借（33）22. leadership /ˈliːdəʃɪp/ n. 领导应有的品质；领导地位（33）【原句背诵】However, in the future, employers will look to hire people who are ready and able to learn. As a result, employees will need to (5) attain excellent soft skills such communication, cooperation and leadership. 【联想拓展】to hire a car/room/video 租汽车╱房间╱录像带to hire a lawyer 聘请律师hire sth out 出租某物hire yourself out (to sb) 为（某人）工作；受聘于；受雇于for hire/rent 供出租 on hire/rent 出租的；雇用bicycles for hire, ￡2 an hour 自行车出租，每小时2英镑leadership qualities/skills 领导的素质╱技巧leadership team 领导团队under one’s leadership/under the leadership of 在…的领导下【同义词】hire的同义词可以用employ, rent等。【反义词】hire的反义词可以用fire, dismiss等。
【经典例句】Jessica was hired three years ago. 杰西卡是三年前录用的。They hired a firm of consultants to design the new system. 他们请了一家咨询公司来设计新的系统。 Sixteen of the contestants have hired lawyers and are suing（控诉） the organizers. 参赛者中有16人已经聘了律师，正在起诉主办方。Helmets will be available for hire at all Zhangjiakou Resort ski areas. 在张家口假村的所有滑雪场里都有头盔供出租。Strong leadership is needed to captain the team. 担任这个队的队长需要强有力的领导才能。 The party thrived（兴旺，繁荣）under his leadership . 这个党在他的领导下兴旺起来。【链接高考】（2020山东卷）Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.电影开始前，每个妇女都被要求吃一份点心。 研究人员雇佣的一名演员先抢了她的食物。 （2018北京卷）With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.在所有的项目中，团队合作是关键，因为受训人员了解到领导能力和参与更大任务的重要性。
23. weigh up 权衡，斟酌（34）【原句背诵】You may have a brilliant idea, but before you decide to put it into action, it is wise to weigh up the advantages and disadvantages of this option. 【联想拓展】weigh on sb/sth加重…的思想负担；使焦虑不安；使担忧weigh up 权衡；估量；称weigh in 加入比赛；比赛前量体重；参加辩论weigh sb down 使烦恼；使焦虑；使忧心忡忡weigh out v. 称出weigh one’s words 推敲；斟酌字句【经典例句】She weighed up all the evidence. 她慎重地考虑了所有的证据。I weighed the benefits of the plan against the risks involved. 我认真权衡了这个计划的优点和有关的风险。 I think that whatever problems Brazil's facing now—the same will be true for any country—you have to weigh up the pros and cons. 我认为，不管巴西现在面临什么问题——对任何国家来说都是如此——你都必须权衡利弊。
24. receipt /rɪˈsiːt/ n. 收到的款项，收入；收据（34）【原句背诵】For example, you should learn to sharpen your leadership skills and motivate your employees, or to develop your financial management skills and keep track of all your receipts and payments.【联想拓展】to make out (= write) a receipt 写收据net/gross receipts 净收入；总收入on receipt of 在收到…后in receipt of 已收到…【经典例句】I wrote her a receipt for the money. 我为那笔钱给她开了张收据。He was tallying（理货；计数）the day's receipts. 他正在结算当天的收入。The goods will be dispatched（发送）on receipt of an order form. 订单一到即发货。
25. commercial /kəˈmɜːʃl/ adj. 商业的，贸易的；盈利的；商业性的（24）【原句背诵】Another advantage is that you will be able to better provide for yourself and your family, or even the economy will benefit if you achieve commercial success. 【联想拓展】the commercial heart of the city 城市的商业中心commercially adv. 商业上；通商上commerce n. 贸易，商业commercialize v. 使商业化；使商品化commercialization n. 商品化，商业化【经典例句】There's a feeling among a lot of people that music has become too commercial. 许多人都感到音乐已变得太商业化了。The company has indeed become more commercial over the past decade. 这个公司在过去的十年里确实已变得越来越商业化了。Conservationists in Chile are concerned over the effect of commercial exploitation of forests. 智利的自然保护者对森林商业化开发的后果感到担忧。
【链接高考】（2020天津卷）For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Let’s say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming(哼唱) a short commercial song. 对于那些渴望和平和安静的人来说，声音现在可以创造安静。 假设你在机场，你旁边的座位上的小男孩哼着一首简短的商业歌曲。 （2018北京卷）The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene（聚乙烯）shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. 研究小组将100只蜡虫放在一个商用聚乙烯购物袋上12小时，这些蠕虫消耗并分解了约92毫克购物袋，约占其中的3%。
26. weekly /ˈwiːkli/ adj. 每周的 adv. 按周地 n. 周报，周刊（34）27. monthly /ˈmʌnθli/ adj. 每月的 adv. 按月地 n. 月刊（34）28. budget /ˈbʌdʒɪt/ n. 预算（34）29. put…on the line 让…处于危险之中（34）【原句背诵】For instance, you will have to work out weekly, monthly and yearly budgets, and a wrong decision might cost the company a great deal and put other people’s jobs on the line.【联想拓展】weekly magazine 周刊weekly report 周报，每周报告entertainment weekly 娱乐周刊；娱乐周报；每周娱乐a monthly meeting/visit/magazine 每月一次的会议╱拜访；月刊the fashion monthlies 时装月刊a monthly/an annual/a family budget 每月╱年度╱家庭预算the education/defence budget 教育╱国防预算
【经典例句】We decorated the house on a tight budget (= without much money to spend) . 我们俭省地装修了房子。The work was finished on time and within budget (= did not cost more money than was planned) . 工作按时完成且未超出预算。She will design a fantastic new kitchen for you – and all within your budget. 她将为你设计一个崭新的漂亮厨房--所有的花费都将在你的预算之内。Don't put your professional reputation on the line. 不要拿你的职业名声冒险。Firefighters do a job that sometimes requires them to put their lives on the line. 消防员们在执行任务中时常命悬一线。【链接高考】（2016北京卷）Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task, but she made it look effortless. 管理家庭预算一定是一项非常困难的任务，但她让它看起来毫不费力。
30. loan /ləʊn/ n.贷款，借款；借出 vt. 借出，贷与（尤指钱）（34）【原句背诵】Also, you will need to make sure any loans you have are repaid on time. 【联想拓展】loaner n. 债权人；代替品to take out/repay a loan (= to borrow money/pay it back) 取得╱偿还贷款bank loans with low interest rates 银行低息贷款loan sth (to sb)/loan (sb) sth 借出，贷与（尤指钱）loan sth (out) (to sb/sth)/loan (sb) sth 出借（贵重物品给博物馆等）【经典例句】The country has no access to foreign loans or financial aid. 该国得不到外国贷款或财政援助。The president wants to make it easier for small businesses to get bank loans. 总统想使小公司能更容易地获得银行贷款。The bank is happy to loan money to small businesses. 银行乐于贷款给小型企业。He loaned the museum his entire collection. 他把自己的全部收藏品都借给了博物馆。
【链接高考】For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. 举个例子，田纳西州的年轻农民乔纳森·戴辛格在几年前用当地“慢钱”组织的小额贷款开发了一种快速割菜收割机。 （2020天津卷）Check out a book. While libraries still loan out (出借)books, you’ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you’re looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries. 借一本书。 虽然图书馆仍然会借书，但你会发现，由于有地区图书馆的合作网络，无论你想要什么，都能更容易地得到一本书。 （2020天津卷）Some libraries even loan out toys and games. 有些图书馆甚至出借玩具和游戏。
31. client /ˈklaɪənt/ n. 客户，顾客，委托人（35）32. detective /dɪˈtektɪv/ n. 侦探，警探（35）33. subjective /səbˈdʒektɪv/ adj. 主观的（35）【原句背诵】(4) How you can satisfy the needs of potential clients most effectively should be the focus of your business. To achieve that, you need to do some detective work. Do not rely on your subjective judgement. 【联想拓展】a detective story/novel 侦探故事╱小说a detective film 侦探片private detective 私家侦探detect v. 查明，察觉；测出，检测，识别detection n. 察觉，发现；侦破（案件）detector n. 检测器；发现者；侦察器a highly subjective point of view 非常主观的看法subjective judgement n. 主观判断【反义词】subjective的反义词是objective adj. 客观的；客观存在的【经典例句】He rejected an objective understanding of color, in favor of a more subjective understanding.他不接受对颜色的客观理解，更倾向于支持主观理解。
34. directory /dəˈrektəri; daɪˈrektəri/ n. 名录，电话号码簿，公司名录（35）【原句背诵】You should also look through the business directory to see who your main competitors will be and find out how their businesses work. 【联想拓展】a telephone/trade directory 电话号码簿；商行名录file directory 文件目录【经典例句】This option lets you search your current directory for files by date, contents, and document summary. 这一选项让你按日期、内容和文件摘要在当前目录中查找文件。
35. plug /plʌɡ/ vt. 补足，供给；堵塞，封堵 n. 插头；插座（35）【原句背诵】On the other hand, partners can help plug the knowledge or skill gaps.【联想拓展】plug away（at）坚持不懈地做（尤指困难的工作）plug sth in/plug sth into sth 接通（电源）；把（插头）插进（插座）plug sth (up) 堵塞；封堵【警示误区】plug的过去式和过去分词要双写g，再加ed。【经典例句】He plugged the hole in the pipe with an old rag. 他用一块旧破布把管子上的那个洞塞住了。A cheaper range of products was introduced to plug the gap at the lower end of the market. 推出相对廉价的一系列产品，是为了填补较低档市场的缺口。I'll have to change the plug on my hairdryer. 我必须更换吹风机的插头。
36. groundwork /ˈɡraʊndwɜːk/ n. 基础工作，准备工作（35）【原句背诵】All this groundwork might seem boring when you just cannot wait to get started. However, if you are well prepared, the business you want to open will have a greater chance of success. 【联想拓展】lay the groundwork for… 基础工作；准备工作【经典例句】Yesterday's meeting was to lay the groundwork for the task ahead. 昨天的会议为后面的任务打下了基础。Officials are laying the groundwork for a summit conference of world leaders. 官员们正在为世界首脑峰会做准备工作。
37. premier /ˈpremiə(r)/ adj. 最著名的，最成功的，第一的 n. 首相，总理（37）38. institute /ˈɪnstɪtjuːt/ n. 机构，机构建筑 vt. 建立，制定（体系、政策等）（37）【原句背诵】To find out how to get into the field of fashion design, I did some research about what kind of education and skills I might need. I found out that many premier fashion designers studied at art institutes in London, Paris or Milan.【联想拓展】one of the country's premier chefs 国家名厨之一the Premier League/Division 超级联赛vice premier 副总理a research institute 研究所institutes of higher education 高等学府institution n. 机构，团体；社会收容机构；制度，习俗institutional adj. 机构的，慈善机构的；制度的，惯例的；根深蒂固的
39. *proportion /prəˈpɔːʃn/ n. 正确的比例；部分，份额；比例；体积，面积（37）40. fabric /ˈfæbrɪk/ n.织物，布料（37）41. fibre /ˈfaɪbə(r)/ n. 纤维制品；纤维素；纤维（37）【原句背诵】For example, they must have a good sense of color and proportion, be familiar with various fabrics such as cotton, wool and man-made fibres, be able to recognize styles and trends, and be creative.【联想拓展】keep sth in proportion 恰当地处事；看待事物恰如其分out of (all) proportion (to sth) 不相称；不协调proportional adj. 成比例的；相称的，协调的；（数）成常比的; n. （数）比例项proportionally adv. 成比例地；相称地，适当地proportionate adj. 成比例的；相称的；适当的; vt. 使成比例；使相称a high-/low-fibre diet 纤维素含量高╱低的饮食【经典例句】The proportion of men to women in the college has changed dramatically over the years. 近年来，这个学院的男女学生比例出现了剧变。The room is very long in proportion to (= relative to) its width. 这房间的长度比宽度大很多。Dried fruits are especially high in fibre. 干水果的纤维素含量尤其高。
42. qualification /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 资格，资历；学历；合格，达到标准（37）【原句背诵】After much thought, I decided to develop these skills and get the right qualifications by studying art at university.【联想拓展】academic/educational/professional/vocational qualifications 学术╱教育╱专业╱职业资历a nursing/teaching, etc. qualification 护理、教学等资格to acquire/gain/get/obtain/have/hold qualifications 获得╱取得╱得到╱拿到╱拥有╱持有资格qualification and experience 资历qualify v. （使）有权去做；取得资格，达到标准；获得参赛资格qualified adj. 具备……的学历（资历）的；（尤指做某项工作）有资格的，胜任的【经典例句】In this job, experience counts for more than paper qualifications . 担任这项工作，经验比文凭更重要。Previous teaching experience is a necessary qualification for this job. 教学经验是担任这项工作的必备条件。Responsibility and reliability are necessary qualifications, as well as a friendly and outgoing personality. 责任感和可靠性是必需的素质，友善和外向的性格也必不可少。
43. swing /swɪŋ/ vi.&vt. (swung, swung) 改变；摆动，摇摆 n. 改变；摆动；秋千（37）swing into action 立即行动起来；马上大干起来（37）【原句背诵】Actually, I do not have to wait until I go to university to swing into action as there will be a workshop in my city next month, which I am hoping to attend. 【联想拓展】swing (sth) (at sb/sth) （挥动某物）朝…打去swing (from A) (to B)/swing (between A and B) （使）改变（意见、情绪等）【警示误区】swing作动词时，其过去式和过去分词是不规则变化，分别是：swung, swung，使用时要注意！【经典例句】His arms swung as he walked. 他边走边摆着双臂。He sat on the stool, swinging his legs. 他坐在凳子上晃动着两条腿。 The bus swung sharply to the left. 公共汽车猛地拐向左边。Educational practice is liable to sudden swings and changes. 教育实践活动易出现突然的转向和变化。Regardless of the dream is big or small, the goal is high or low, from now on, swing it into action. 不管梦想是大是小，目标是高是低，从现在开始，把它付诸行动。
【链接高考】（2020新课标卷I）But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. 但这项运动的规则要求竞走运动员的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，并且一只脚始终保持与地面接触。
44. label /ˈleɪb(ə)l/ n. 标签；（不恰当的）称谓 vt. 贴标签于；（尤指不公正地）把…称为（37）【原句背诵】Clothes with designer labels in shops are generally thought to be too expensive. 【联想拓展】price/address labels 价格标签；地址签条label sb/sth (as) sth （尤指不公正地）把…称为【经典例句】The washing instructions are on the label. 洗涤说明在标签上。He'll only wear clothes with a designer label . 他只愿穿高档名牌服装。It requires foreign frozen-food imports to be clearly labelled. 它要求外国进口冷冻食品要粘贴明确的标签。The produce was labelled "Made in China." 该产品上贴有“中国制造”的标签。
【链接高考】（2020新课标卷II）She is trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly. 她正试图为海狸鼠时装设计一个标签，以表明它是环保的。 （2015浙江卷）Most graphs have a few basic parts: a caption or introduction paragraph, a title , a legend or key, and labeled axes. 大多数图表都有几个基本部分：标题或引言段、标题、图例或键以及标记的轴。
45. candidate /ˈkændɪdət/ n. 候选人；应试者；被认定合格者（39）46. gain the upper hand 处于有利地位，有优势（39）【原句背诵】The odds are that you’ve never been a candidate for a particular job before, but my advice will help you gain the upper hand as you set off and step into the world of employment.【联想拓展】a candidate for 候选人；人选qualified candidate 合格的候选人；合资格人员suitable candidate 合适人选a presidential candidate 总统候选人one of the leading candidates for the presidency 总统职位的主要候选人之一【经典例句】He is a candidate for the office of governor. 他是州长的候选人。There were a large number of candidates for the job. 有许多求职者申请这份工作。 The young player endeavors to gain the upper hand. 年轻的选手努力让自己占上风。China made that promise as part of efforts to gain the upper hand in global climate-change negotiations. 中国的这一承诺在一定程度上是为了努力在全球气候变化谈判中占据上风。
【链接高考】（2021全国甲卷）The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.这头可爱的母犀牛是该保护区今年出生的第二头黑犀牛，但现在还不能确定这头小犀牛是否适合重返野生保护区。（2021天津卷）We need people who can work at our warehouse （仓库）sorting and packing items to be delivered to families, repair donated furniture and more. Candidates will be matched with a task based on skill set. 我们需要有人在我们的仓库工作，分拣和包装要送到家庭的物品，修理捐赠的家具等。 候选人将根据技能组合匹配一项任务。
47. applicant /ˈæplɪkənt/ n. 申请人（39）【原句背诵】An interview is a conversation between an employer and a potential employee, which allows the interviewer to assess the job applicant to see if he or she is suitable for the position. Meanwhile, it provides an opportunity for the applicant to learn more about the job and the company, and to discover whether this job is right for him or her.【联想拓展】an applicant for sth 申请人（尤指求职、进高等学校等）apply to sb/sth) (for sth) （通常以书面形式）申请，请求apply sth (to sth) 使用；应用；涂；敷；施apply yourself (to sth/to doing sth) 勤奋工作；努力学习apply for a job 求职；申请工作application n. 正式申请，书面申请；申请书，申请表；敷用，涂抹applicable adj. 适用的，适当的【经典例句】There were over 500 applicants for the job. 有500多人申请这份工作。The job advertisement stipulates（规定）that the applicant must have three years' experience. 招聘广告明确要求应聘者必须有三年工作经验。
【链接高考】（2021天津卷）All applicants must have a driver's license and access to a car. Gas will be covered for each delivery. 所有申请人都必须有驾驶执照，并能使用汽车。 每次送货都要付煤气费用。
48. prior /ˈpraɪə(r)/ adj. 在前的；优先的，占先的（39） prior to 在…之前（39）【原句背诵】Prior to the interview, ensure you make good preparations. 【联想拓展】priority n. 优先事项，最重要的事；优先，优先权prioritize v. 按优先顺序列出，确定（任务）优先顺序；优先处理，优先考虑【经典例句】He claimed he had no prior knowledge of the protest. 他声称他事先对那次抗议一无所知。The Constitution requires the president to seek the prior approval of Congress for military action. 宪法要求总统寻求国会对军事行动的事先批准。This information must not be disclosed without prior written consent（许可，允许）. 未事先征得书面许可，此消息不得泄露。Although not essential, some prior knowledge of statistics is desirable. 统计学的知识虽非必要，但最好是学过一点。
49. profile /ˈprəʊfaɪl/ n. 概述；形象；侧面轮廓 vt. 概述，写简介（39）50. criterion /kraɪˈtɪəriən/ n. (pl. criteria)标准，准则（39）【原句背诵】Find out about the company and the post you are interviewing for through the company profile. This information will give you a good basis for what criteria are used for selecting candidates. 【联想拓展】a job/employee profile 工作╱雇员简介the profile of the tower against the sky 天空映衬出塔楼的轮廓a high/low profile 惹人╱不惹人注目；高╱低姿态design criteria 设计准则；设计标准quality criteria 质量判据；质量准则selection criteria 选择标准；选拔准则assessment criteria 评估准则；评价准则【警示误区】criterion的复数常用criteria，使用时要注意！
【经典例句】We first build up a detailed profile of our customers and their requirements. 首先，我们建立起我们的客户及其需求的详细资料。The deal will certainly raise the company's international profile. 这宗交易肯定会提高这家公司的国际形象。His career is profiled in this month's journal. 这期月刊概述了他的工作生涯。 Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth. 实践是检验真理的唯一标准。What criteria are used for assessing a student's ability? 用什么标准来评定一个学生的能力？The most important criterion for entry is that applicants must design and make their own work. 参加的最重要标准就是申请人必须设计并制作自己的作品。As the examination score is the only criterion for his academic performance, a student is driven to memorize mechanically rather than to think creatively. 由于考试成绩是学业表现的唯一评价标准，因此学生被迫机械地记忆而不是创造性地思考。
51. *concisely /kənˈsaɪsli/ adv. 简明地，简练地，简洁地（39）【原句背诵】Practice makes perfect. Keep at it until you can concisely and confidently present your best self.【联想拓展】concise adj. 简明的，简洁的a concise summary 简明扼要的总结clear concise instructions 言简意赅的说明conciseness n. 简明，简洁；切除concise style 简洁; 简约风格concise and comprehensive 简明扼要; 言简意赅【同义词】briefly adv. 简短地，简要地【经典例句】He'd delivered his report clearly and concisely. 他简洁明了地陈述了他的报告。Whether verbal or written, professionals communicate clearly, concisely, thoroughly, and accurately. 无论是口头上还是记下来，专业人士的交流都应清楚、简洁、深刻和准确。
52. shave /ʃeɪv/ n. 刮脸，剃须 vi.&vt. 剃发，刮脸（39）53. refreshed /rɪˈfreʃt/ adj. 恢复了精力的，精神振作的（39）【原句背诵】Prepare to make a good first impression. Dress appropriately for your interview and gentlemen, be sure to have a good shave. Get a good night’s rest so that you feel and look refreshed. 【联想拓展】to have a shave 刮脸shave off 剃掉，刮掉shaver n. 电动剃须刀，剃毛器；理发师refreshed in spirit 心旷神怡refresher n. 可提神的人或物refresh v. 使恢复精神，使消除疲劳；使记起，提醒refreshment n. 茶点，点心（refreshments）；食物和饮料；恢复活力，焕发精神【经典例句】He awoke feeling completely refreshed. 他醒来感觉精神完全恢复了。
54. mode /məʊd/ n. 方式，风格，样式（39）55. delay /dɪˈleɪ/ n. 延迟的时间；延期，耽搁 vi.&vt. 延迟，延期；使迟到，使拖延（39）【原句背诵】Check the address of the interview, decide what mode of transport to use and allow extra time for traffic delays. 【联想拓展】a mode of communication 交流方式a mode of behavior/thinking 行为/思维模式environment-friendly modes of transport 环保型的运输模式a delay of two hours/a two-hour delay 两小时的延误without delay 立即；毫不迟延地delay (doing) sth 延期，推迟【警示误区】delay作动词时，其后接doing sth，不能接to do sth，使用时要注意！He delayed telling her the news, waiting for the right moment. 他没有马上把消息告诉她，等有了适当的时机再说。
【经典例句】Switch the camera into the automatic mode. 将照相机调到自动拍摄状态。 We apologize for the delay in answering your letter. 来信收悉，迟复为歉。Commuters will face long delays on the roads today. 路远乘车上下班的人今天要在路上耽误很多时间了。Various setbacks and problems delayed production. 各种各样的挫折和问题延误了生产。They delayed having children, for the usual reason, to establish their careers. 他们推迟了要孩子，为了要建立事业这个通常的理由。【链接高考】（2021浙江卷）Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.杂货店试图在收银台有足够的员工，以最小的延迟让所有顾客通过。（2021浙江卷）If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. 如果存储中有三行，延迟将在不同的寄存器中随机发生。
56. duration /djuˈreɪʃn/ n. 持续时间，期间（40） for the duration直到…结束，在整个…期间（40）57. rude /ruːd/ adj. 粗鲁的，无礼的，粗野的（40）【原句背诵】For the duration of the interview, listen carefully to the questions, and if you need clarification, it is not rude to say so. 【联想拓展】a contract of three years' duration 三年期的合同during prep. 在……期间；在……期间的某个时候durable adj. 持久的，耐用的durability n. 持久性，耐用性be rude (to sb) (about sb/sth)/(to do sth) 粗鲁的；无礼的；粗野的a rude comment 粗鲁的批评rudely adv. 无礼地；粗暴地rudeness n. 无礼；粗蛮【经典例句】The duration of previous geologic periods was difficult to determine. 以前很难确定地质期的持续时间。It's rude to speak when you're eating. 吃东西的时候说话不礼貌。
58. justify /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ vt. 对…作出解释，为…辩护；证明…正确（40）59. relevant /ˈreləvənt/ adj. 紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的，有意义的（40）【原句背诵】Justify yourself with relevant examples from your personal experience and be specific about your achievements. However, you’ll also need to pay attention to the interviewer’s response to determine whether to provide more details or not. 【联想拓展】justify to 向……说明，解释justify for 为……辩解; 为……证明justification n. 正当理由，合理解释；证明为正当，辩护justified adj. 有正当理由的；合乎情理的；事出有因的justifiable adj. 可辩解的，有道理的；可证明为正当的justifiably adv. 言之有理地，无可非议地just adj. 公正的，合理的；正直的，正义的；正确的；公平的；应得的a relevant suggestion/question/point 相关的提议╱问题╱观点relevant to 有关的，相应的；与……有关的relevantly adv. 贴切地；得要领地relevance n. 相关性，实用性，意义relevancy n. 关联；恰当【反义词】relevant的反义词是irrelevant adj. 不相关的，不相干的
【经典例句】No argument can justify a war. 没有任何理由能证明一个战争有理。Her success had justified the faith her teachers had put in her. 她的成功证明了老师对她的信心是正确的。The Prime Minister has been asked to justify the decision to Parliament. 要求首相就这一决定向议会作出解释。You don‘t need to justify yourself to me. 你不必向我解释你的理由。Do you have the relevant experience? 你有相关的经历吗？ Is religion still relevant to most people's lives? 宗教和大多数人的生活还有关系吗？These comments are not directly relevant to this enquiry. 这些意见与这项调查没有直接联系。【链接高考】（2016江苏卷）The on-line classroom provides an innovative relevant and interactive Learning environment.在线课堂提供了一个创新的相关和互动的学习环境。
60. infer /ɪnˈfɜː(r)/ vt. 推断，推论，推理（40）【原句背诵】The interviewer can infer a lot from your body language. 【联想拓展】infer sth (from sth) 推断；推论；推理inferred adj. 推论的；推测出的; v. 推测（infer 的过去分词）inferring n. 推理；推理阅读; v. 推理；猜想（infer 的 ing 形式）inferred from 从······推断出（inferred 是 infer 的过去分词）inferrer 推测者，猜想者 inferrable 能推论的; 可推断的【警示误区】infer的现在分词、过去式、过去分词要双写r，再加ing、ed。使用时要注意！【经典例句】It is reasonable to infer that the government knew about these deals. 有理由推想政府知悉这些交易。The police inferred, though they didn't exactly say it, that they found her behaviour rather suspicious. 警方虽未明说却暗示他们发现她的行迹相当可疑。Much of the meaning must be inferred from the context. 大部分含意必须从上下文中推断。Are you inferring (that) I'm not capable of doing the job? 你的言外之意是不是我不能胜任这份工作？
61. *convey /kənˈveɪ/ vt. 表达，传递；传送，运送（40）62. firm /fɜːm/ adj. 强有力的，坚决的；牢固的，稳固的 n. 商行，公司（40）63. genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ adj. 真诚的，诚实的；真的，名副其实的（40）【原句背诵】Positive language body conveys the impression that you are confident and relaxed. So start with a firm handshake and a genuine smile when greeting the interviewer. 【联想拓展】convey sth (to sb) 表达，传递（思想、感情等）convey sb/sth (from...) (to...) 传送；运送；输送a firm believer in socialism 坚定信仰社会主义的人a firm agreement/date/decision/offer/promise 巩固的协议；确定的日期；不能更改的决定；实盘；坚决的保证firm beliefs/conclusions/convictions/principles 坚定不移的信仰；定论；坚定的信念╱原则firmly adv. 坚固地，牢固地；强而有力地；坚决地an engineering firm 工程公司 a firm of accountants 会计事务所genuine concern for others 对他人真诚的关心a very genuine person 非常诚实可信的人genuinely adv. 真诚地；诚实地 genuineness n. 真实，真正；真诚，真挚【同义词】genuine意思是“真的，名副其实的”时，同义词可用authentic adj. 真实的；正宗的
【经典例句】Colours like red convey a sense of energy and strength. 红色之类的颜色可给人以充满活力与力量的感觉。Please convey my apologies to your family. 请向你的家人转达我的歉意。 He tried desperately to convey how urgent the situation was. 他不顾一切地试图说明情况是多么紧急。The firm's employees were expecting large bonuses. 这家公司的雇员们正期待着大笔的奖金。We have no firm evidence to support the case. 我们没有确凿的证据支持这个论点。No building can stand without firm foundations, and neither can a marriage. 没有稳固的基础，建筑就不牢靠，婚姻也是如此。 Is the painting a genuine Picasso? 这幅画是毕加索的真迹吗？He made a genuine attempt to improve conditions. 他真心实意地努力改善环境。
【链接高考】（2021新高考I卷）In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. 1934年，随着《候鸟狩猎印花税法案》的通过，越来越关注这一问题的国家采取了坚定的行动，阻止对候鸟及其生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。（2016北京卷）Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. 我们这一代人曾经在国家的紧急时刻手挽手，坚定地站在一起。 （2017全国卷III）Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.布拉德福德将剧院的建筑和土地卖给了当地的一家开发公司，该公司计划在剧院所在的土地上建造一个购物中心。
64. *yawn /jɔːn/ vi.打哈欠（40）【原句背诵】Negative body language, such as yawning, looking around and crossing your arms, is to be avoided because it implies that you are bored, anxious or defensive. 65. seize /siːz/ vt. 抓住，把握；捉住，夺；攻占；没收（40）【原句背诵】Towards the end of the interview, don’t forget to seize the moment and ask questions. 【联想拓展】seize sth (from sb) 抓住；捉住；夺；（常指通过暴力突然）夺取，攻占，控制seize a chance, an opportunity, the initiative, etc 抓住，把握（机会、时机、主动等）seize hold/control of v. 抓住；占领seize the moment 把握时机；抓住机会；把握此刻；活在当下seize sb by…抓住某人…【同义词】grab v. 抓住，攫取；取【经典例句】We should seize the precious chance. 我们应该抓住这个宝贵的机会。We are anxious to get a better education so that we can seize the chance to have a brighter future. 我们渴望得到更好的教育，这样我们就能抓住机会拥有一个更美好的未来。They seized the airport in a surprise attack. 他们突袭攻占了机场。
66. corporate /ˈkɔːpərət/ adj. 公司的；全体的，共同的（40）【原句背诵】For example, “Japanese was a minor subject I took and I know that expanding into Japan is part of your corporate plan. Will this position provide opportunities to work in emerging markets there?”【联想拓展】corporate finance/planning/strategy 公司的财务╱计划╱战略corporate identity 公司形象corporate hospitality 公司对顾客的热情招待corporate responsibility 共同的责任corporate culture 企业文化，公司文化corporation n. 社团，公司，法人（团体）；市政当局【形近词】cooperate v. 合作，协作；配合，协助【经典例句】The law applies to both individuals and corporate bodies. 本法律既适用于个人也适用于法人团体。 American economists have made important contributions to the field of financial and corporate economics. 美国经济学家在金融社团经济学领域做出了重要贡献。
【链接高考】（2020浙江卷）It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Francisca Then points out. Francisca Then指出，不仅是公司的工作，甚至是有偿的工作都能帮助你保持大脑健康。 （2016江苏卷）Human children, on the other hand are extremely corporative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.另一方面，孩子们是非常合作的。 从很小的时候起，他们就决定帮助别人，分享信息，并参与实现共同的目标。
67. put one’s best foot forward 全力以赴（40）68. rainbow /ˈreɪnbəʊ/ n. 虹，彩虹（40）【原句背诵】If you follow these steps and put your foot forward in your interview, you will be one step closer to reaching the end of the rainbow and obtaining your dream job. 【联想拓展】put forward v. 提出；拿出；放出；推举出 put for 以……为目标前进put down 镇压；记下；贬低；制止 put off 推迟；扔掉；阻止put into practice 实行，实施；落实 put into operation 使生效；使运转，使开动put into production 把…投入生产 put into use 使用，应用；投入使用put away 放好；抛弃；储存 put up with v. 忍受；容忍put emphasis on 重视，强调；把重点放在…… put in place 到位；落实到位；正在实施put in 提出，提交；放入；种植；使就职 put on 穿上；上演；增加；假装；使…上场put into 使进入；把...放进；在……上种植 put up 提供；建造；举起；推举，提名；供给…住宿put out 熄灭；伸出；出版；使不方便，打扰put forth 提出；发表；启航；（植物等）长出；放出
69. madam /ˈmædəm/ n. 女士，夫人（41）70. temporary /ˈtemprəri/ adj. 临时的，暂时的（41）71. bowling /ˈbəʊlɪŋ/ n. 保龄球运动（41）72. tournament /ˈtʊənəmənt/ n. 锦标赛（41）【原句背诵】Yes, madam, I do. While I was studying, I had the opportunity to work as a photographer for the student newspaper. I also did some temporary work for several local sporting events, like the bowling tournament. 【联想拓展】temporary relief from pain 短暂的缓痛temporary employment 短工a temporary measure/solution/arrangement 临时措施╱解决办法╱安排temporary residence permit (card) 暂住证temporarily adv. 暂时地，临时地a golf/squash/tennis/bowling, etc. tournament 高尔夫球、壁球、网球、保龄球等锦标赛【形近词】contemporary adj. 当代的，现代的；同时代的，同时期的【反义词】temporary的反义词是permanent adj. 永久的，永恒的；终生的，长期的
【经典例句】New members will be issued with a temporary identity card. 新成员将配发临时身份卡。It was recognized that this solution could only be temporary. 人们意识到这只是个临时的解决方案。The breakdown in talks represents a temporary setback in the peace process. 谈判破裂意味着和平进程暂时受阻。【链接高考】（2020江苏卷）Jan 23: Wuhan declared temporary outbound (向外的) traffic restrictions. 1月23日，武汉市宣布临时出境交通限制。 （2015上海卷）It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art.这是一项很受欢迎的活动，情侣们可以悠闲地穿过小镇，欣赏这些临时的冰雕艺术作品。
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