2022年九年级中考英语语法知识梳理 - - 一般过去时学案
展开2022年九年级中考英语语法知识梳理
一般过去时
一般过去时
一般过去时表示在过去的时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。常与过去时间yesterday,this morning,just now,a moment ago,in May,last night/year/week,once upon a time,the other day,in the past等连用。如:
What did you do yesterday?昨天你干了什么?
I met Lin Tao this morning.今天上午我遇到了林涛。
I was there a moment ago.刚才我在那里。
1.一般过去时谓语动词的结构形式
(1)be动词的一般过去时谓语动词用was,were。如:
He was ten years old three years ago.三年前他十岁。
They were afraid to go out at night then.那时他们夜晚不敢出门。
注意:
was用于主语是第一人称和第三人称单数的句子中,were用于主语是第二人称单数及各人称复数的句子中。
(2)be动词一般过去时一般疑问句、否定句、特殊疑问句结构及一般疑问句的答语:
■一般疑问句为:将was/were 放在句子开头,且首字母要大写,句末用问号。
■肯定回答为:Yes,+主语的相应代词+was或were;
■否定回答为:No,+主语的相应代词+wasn't或weren't;
■否定句为:在was或were后加not。was和were可以和not缩写为wasn't,weren't。
■特殊疑问句为:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+……?如:
— Were you at home last night?昨晚你在家吗?(一般疑问句)
— Yes,I was.是的,我在家。/No,I wasn't.不,我不在家。(肯定、否定回答)
— Was your mother at home yesterday?你妈妈昨天在家吗?(一般疑问句)
— Yes,she was.是的,她在家。/No,she wasn't.不,她不在家。(肯定、否定回答)
They weren't at the park this morning.今天早上他们不在公园。(否定句)
Where were you last night?昨晚你在哪里?(特殊疑问句)
(3)实义动词的一般过去时谓语动词用过去式。如:
They arrived a few minutes ago.他们是几分钟之前到达的。
She bought a new bike yesterday.她昨天买了一辆新自行车。
(4)实义动词一般过去时一般疑问句、否定句、特殊疑问句结构及一般疑问句的答语:
■一般疑问句为:将Did放在句子开头,且首字母要大写,谓语动词用原形,句末用问号。
■肯定回答为:Yes,+主语的相应代词+did;
■否定回答为:No,+主语的相应代词+didn't;
■否定句为:did not+动词原形。did not可以缩写为didn't。
■特殊疑问句为:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+……?如:
— Did he tell you the story?他给你讲那个故事了吗?(一般疑问句)
— Yes,he did.是的,讲了。/No,he didn't.不,没有讲。(肯定、否定回答)
— Did your parents come to the meeting?你父母来参加会议了吗?(一般疑问句)
— Yes,they did.是的,来了。/No,they didn't.不,没有来。(肯定、否定回答)
The students didn't have a picnic last Sunday.上星期天那些学生没有吃野餐。(否定句)
What did they do last night?昨天晚上他们干什么了?(特殊疑问句)
2.一般过去时的用法
(1)表示过去某个确定时间发生的动作或存在的状态用一般过去时。常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有:last year/month/week/night去年/上月/上周/昨晚,yesterday昨天,just now刚才,in 2008在2008年,at that time当时,at that moment 在那时,the other day不久前某一天,a few days ago 几天前,in the old days 在过去的岁月里等。如:
She was a little girl at that time.她那时候是个小姑娘。
I received two letters from home last week.上周我收到了两封家信。
They left an hour ago.他们一小时前离开了。
He bought the computer five years ago.他是五年前买的这台电脑。
It was then a small fishing village.那时它只是一个小渔村。
We went to the cinema last night.昨晚我们去看电影了。
We often played together when we were children.我们小时候常在一起玩。
注意:
①表示过去的一系列动作,尽管有先后,都用一般过去时,最后两个动词之间用 and 连接。如:
He stood up,looked around and left.他站起来,环顾了一下四周,然后就离开了。
②过去的习惯动作,常与时间状语every day,seldom,usually等连用。如:
Every day I took a walk when I lived in the countryside.我住在乡下时每天早上都散步。
③在before和after引导的状语从句中,已经表明了时间的先后,所以可用一般过去时来代替过去完成时。如:
He said nothing before he saw Mr.Smith.看到史密斯之前,他什么话都没说。
He had said nothing before He saw Mr.Smith.
(2)表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。此时常与always,usually,often,sometimes,never,every day,once a week等时间状语连用。在翻译时常常加上“过去”。如:
I never came to school late.我过去上学从不迟到。
Zhang Yan often helped me out when we were middle school students.在中学时张燕经常帮我克服困难。
(3)在现在完成时的句子中,since 引导的状语从句常用一般过去时。如:
You haven't changed much since we last met.自从上次我们见面以来,你变化不大。
It's three years since he went abroad.他出国三年了。
It's a long time since he was ill.他生病很长时间了。
I haven't found any job since I was out of work.自我失业以来,我一直没有找到工作。
(4)在宾语从句中,由于时态呼应的关系,可用一般过去时表示现在。即在宾语从句中,主句用了过去时态,从句用一般过去时表示现在或经常性、习惯性的动作。如:
I didn't know you were here.我不知道你在这儿。(were实际上指现在)
I didn't know you were so busy.我没想到你这么忙。(were实际上指现在)
(5)描述过去特定时间一次完成的有先后顺序的几个动作,此时经常不出现表示过去的时间状语,需要通过语境断定。如:
Tom was late.He opened the door quietly,moved in and walked carefully to his seat.汤姆来晚了。他悄悄打开门进去,小心翼翼地走到自己的位子上。
(6)追述逝去的人或事,常用一般过去时。如:
Qian Xuesen was one of the greatest scientists in our country.钱学森是我们国家最伟大的科学家之一。
Grandpa often told me stories about his times.爷爷常给我讲他那个时代的故事。
(7)used to do表示过去的习惯动作或行为状态。如:
We used to spend our vacations in the mountains.我们过去常常在山区度假。(暗示现在已经不在山上度假了)
He used to go to work by bus.他过去常乘公共汽车去上班。
He used to be a good student.他过去是个好学生。
There used to be many trees on the hill.山上过去有许多树。
(8)在含有虚拟语气的句子中,if条件句要用一般过去时表示假设的情况。如:
If I had one million dollars,I would give it to the charity.如果我有一百万美元,我就把它捐献给慈善事业。
If I had the money now I'd buy a car.假若我现在有钱,我就买辆小汽车。
I wondered if you were free this evening.我想知道您今晚是否有空。
I thought you might like some flowers.我想您也许想要些花。
2022年九年级中考英语语法知识梳理 - there be句型教案学案: 这是一份2022年九年级中考英语语法知识梳理 - there be句型教案学案,共6页。学案主要包含了习题速递,答案点拨,语法专练,答案速递等内容,欢迎下载使用。
2022年九年级中考英语语法知识梳理--介词学案: 这是一份2022年九年级中考英语语法知识梳理--介词学案,共16页。学案主要包含了at, n, in,frm, since等内容,欢迎下载使用。
2022年九年级中考英语语法知识梳理 - - 数词学案: 这是一份2022年九年级中考英语语法知识梳理 - - 数词学案,共12页。