选择性必修 第二册Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land学案

这是一份选择性必修 第二册Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land学案，共9页。学案主要包含了过去分词作表语的用法等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1. He became interested in tw theries that pssibly explained hw chlera killed peple.
2. He was determined t find ut why.
3. ①Wrried abut the jurney, I was unsettled fr the first few days.
②Given better attentin, the trees culd grw better.
③Described as an enrmus rund plate, it spins slwly in space t imitate the pull f the earth’s gravity.
4. ①Hit by a lack f fresh air, my head ached.
= Because I was hit by a lack f fresh air, my head ached.
②I stared at the mving mdel f the waste machine, absrbed by its efficiency.
=I stared at the mving mdel f the waste machine, and was absrbed by its efficiency.
5. ①When ffered help, ne ften says “Thank yu” r “It’s kind f yu. ”
②The research is s designed that nce begun nthing can be dne t change it.
观察上面句子, 并完成句子
1. He became inspired when he thught abut helping thers.
当他想到帮助别人时, 就受到了鼓舞。(过去分词作表语)
2. He lked disappinted when he heard the bad news.
他听到这个坏消息时显得很失望。(过去分词作表语)
3. Sme medicines, if wrngly taken, can kill a persn.
当误服时, 有些药可以要人命。(过去分词作状语)
Ⅰ. 过去分词作表语
一、过去分词作表语的用法
过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, lk, becme等之后作表语, 表示主语所处的状态。
*He lked wrried after reading the letter.
看完信后, 他看上去很忧虑。
*When we heard f it, we were deeply mved.
当听到它时, 我们被深深地感动了。
(1)语法填空
①I was t tired (tire) t walk any further.
②The film is mving, s everyne felt mved(mve) at the cinema.
③Tm was mre surprised (surprise) than disappinted (disappint) at this news.
④(2020·天津高考)Jnes was shcked (shck) when she said that she didn’t actually mind being cheated.
(2)All the drs are lcked.
所有的门都是锁着的。
(3)He felt thrughly brken dwn.
他感到彻底崩溃了。
(4)The children lked puzzled.
孩子们都像是迷惑不解。
二、过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时, 强调主语所处的状态; 而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者, 强调动作。
*The cup is brken.
杯子碎了。(系表结构, 表状态)
*The cup was brken by Tm.
杯子是汤姆打碎的。(被动语态, 表动作)
(1)这本书写得很好。
译: The bk is well written.
(2)这本书是他去年写的。
译: The bk was written by him last year.
三、过去分词与动词-ing形式作表语的区别
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词, 其过去分词含有被动意义, 即“人被引起某种感觉的”, 多用来指人、人的声音或表情等; 动词-ing形式表示主动意义, 即“令人有某种感觉的”, 多用来修饰物。
常用的这类词有:
*We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.
我们对他在会上讲的话感到惊讶。
*His wrds were discuraging, which made many peple discuraged. 他的话令人泄气, 使得很多人灰心丧气。
用所给词的适当形式填空。
(1)The frightened lk n her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightening scene. (frighten)
(2)The scene is exciting, and I’m very excited at present. (excite)
(3)What he did is encuraging, s I’m encuraged by what he did. (encurage)
(4)The audience were all mved t tears by the mving film. (mve)
Ⅱ. 过去分词作状语
一、过去分词作状语的类型
过去分词作状语, 可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果等, 相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语, 且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
1. 作时间状语。
相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until”等, 使其时间意义更明确。
*(2018·北京高考)Ordinary sap, used crrectly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
=When it is used crrectly, rdinary sap can deal with bacteria effectively.
普通肥皂被正确使用的时候, 也是可以有效除菌的。
2. 作原因状语。
相当于原因状语从句或并列句。
*Absrbed in painting, Jhn didn’t ntice evening appraching.
= Because Jhn was absrbed in painting, he didn’t ntice evening appraching.
= Jhn was absrbed in painting, s he didn’t ntice evening appraching.
由于专心画画, 约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
3. 作条件状语。
相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if, unless等转换成条件状语从句。
*Used with care, ne tin will last fr six weeks.
=If it is used with care, ne tin will last fr six weeks.
如果用得仔细的话, 一个罐子可以用六周。
4. 作让步状语。
相当于让步状语从句。有时可加althugh, thugh, even if, even thugh, whether. . . r等连词转换成让步状语从句。
*Defeated by his ppnent, he never gave up any hpe.
= Althugh he was defeated by his ppnent, he never gave up any hpe.
尽管被对手击败, 但是他从没放弃希望。
5. 作方式、伴随状语。
相当于and连接的并列句。
*She accepted the gift, deeply mved.
= She accepted the gift, and she was deeply mved.
她接受了礼物, 被深深地感动了。
过去分词(短语)作状语表状态
值得注意的是, 有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构, 作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有: lst (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); lst/absrbed in (沉溺于); dressed in (穿着); tired f (厌烦)等。
*Lst in thught, he didn’t hear the bell.
由于陷入沉思之中, 他没有听到铃声。
(1)语法填空
①Cmbined (cmbine) with Chinese traditinal medicine, heat treatment is mre effective.
②They ffered(ffer) him a very gd jb, but he turned it dwn.
③Greatly inspired(inspire)by what he did, I jined him in helping thers.
④ Visited(visit) many times, the place is still wrth visiting again.
⑤The master entered the rm, fllwed(fllw) by his dg.
(2)句型转换。
①When it is seen frm the tp f the hill, the twn lks mre beautiful.
→Seen frm the tp f the hill, the twn lks mre beautiful.
②Because they were deeply mved by the film, the children began t cry.
→Deeply mved by the film, the children began t cry.
③If we were given mre time, we culd d it much better.
→Given mre time, we culd d it much better.
④The president f the cmpany came t the factry, and he was fllwed by sme wrkers.
→The president f the cmpany came t the factry, fllwed by sme wrkers.
二、过去分词作状语时的位置
过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时, 通常放在句首; 作伴随、结果状语时, 通常放在句末; 作方式状语时, 一般放在句末, 有时也放在句首; 作让步状语时, 一般放在句首, 有时也放在句末。
*Tld that his mther was ill, Li Lei hurried hme quickly. (原因状语)得知母亲生病了, 李雷迅速赶回了家。
*The ld man walked int the rm, supprted by his sn. (方式状语)老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。
三、过去分词的独立结构作状语
过去分词作状语时, 有时在分词前加上自己的逻辑主语, 这种带有自身逻辑主语的过去分词被称为过去分词的独立结构。过去分词的独立结构在句中作状语时, 通常可表示时间、原因、条件等。
*Much time spent sitting at a desk, ffice wrkers are generally trubled by health prblems.
很多时间都坐在办公桌旁, 办公室职员一般都受到健康问题的困扰。
用独立主格结构作状语改写句子。
(1)After the lecture was given, a lively questin-and-answer sessin fllwed.
→The lecture given, a lively questin-and-answer sessin fllwed.
(2)The factry prduced many famus cars, nne f which were shipped t freign cuntries.
→The factry prduced many famus cars, nne f them shipped t freign cuntries.
(3)Because extra mney was given t the pr, he felt very happy.
→Extra mney given t the pr, he felt very happy.
四、过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语的区别
过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系, 即表示被动, 往往表示完成; 动词-ing形式与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系, 即表示主动, 一般表示动作正在进行。
*Used fr a lng time, the bk lks ld. (动宾关系)
由于用了很长时间, 这本书看上去陈旧。
*Using the bk, I find it very useful. (主谓关系)
在使用这本书时, 我发现它很有用。
【巧学助记】 分词作状语记忆口诀
分词作状语, 主语是问题。
前后两动作, 共用一主语。
主语找出后, 再来判关系。
主动用-ing, 被动用-ed。
分词作状语误区警示
无论是动词-ing形式还是过去分词, 其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致, 则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。
If caught, the plice will punish the thief. (×)
If caught, the thief will be punished by the plice. (√)
If the thief is caught, the plice will punish him. (√)
语法填空
(1)Having finished (finish) their wrk, they went hme t have a rest.
(2)Grwn (grw) in rich sil, these seeds can grw fast.
(3)Impressed (impress) by the beautiful scenery, I frgt t g back hme in time.
(4)Lking (lk) ut f the windw, I fund many children playing n the playgrund.
使用本单元所学语法知识补全对话
(两个人在谈论旅行过程中的所见所闻)
M: S, what’s next n the curse f ur visit?
W: Well, I think we might g t see sme special places in the city. 1. I’m interested in(我感兴趣) ging t sme exhibitin.
M: That’s a great idea. Which ne d yu want t g t?
W: Well, I think 2. I’ll be delighted t see (我将高兴地看到)Calvin Klein’s exhibitin. 3. Seen frm the utside(从外面看), it lks spectacular.
M: Calvin Klein? The name sunds familiar. . . but hey, why are we driving int the shpping mall parking lt?
W: That’s where the exhibitin is. 4. Given a free ticket(给了一张免费票), I wuld like t visit it tday.
M: Nw I remember. Calvin Klein is just a fashin designer. As artists, we shuld explre the art and culture f the cuntry.
W: We d, but I think that the American shpping center is a gd example f American art and culture. Besides, in this kind f “museum”, 5. if attracted t smething yu like(如果你被喜欢的东西所吸引), yu can take the art pieces hme.