2022届吉林省吉林市高三上学期第一次调研测试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022届吉林省吉林市高三上学期第一次调研测试英语试题含解析，共22页。


2022届吉林省吉林市高三上学期第一次调研测试英语试题注意事项：
1. 本次考试由四部分组成，考试时间 120分钟，满分 150分。
2. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名、考生号填写在答题卡指定位置。
3. 请按题号顺序在答题纸上各题目的答题区域内整洁作答，超出区域答题无效。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题 1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一个小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where is the man’s mountain bike now?
A. In the garage. B. In the room. C. Outside by the window.
2. How can the woman take the right bus?
A. Taking a train. B. Crossing the street. C. Looking at the map.
3. What does the man think of the beef?
A. tasteless. B. delicious. C. salty.
4. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a library. B. In a bookstore. C. In a classroom.
5. Which of the following about Peter is true?
A. He is in hospital. B. He is at work. C. He is at home.
第二节 （共 15小题；每小题 1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第 6至 7题。
6. What is the woman?
A. A singer. B. A movie star. C. A volunteer.
7. How did the woman become famous?
A. Through the Internet. B. Through TV. C. Through the radio.
听第7段材料，回答第 8至 9题。
8. Why do Japanese enjoy a long life?
A. They drink kinds of soup. B. They eat various vegetables.
C. They take in proper amounts of fat and salt.
9. What does the man think long life has to do with?
A. Feelings. B. Exercise. C. Food.
听第8段材料，回答第 10至 12题。
10. Which is the cause of the man’s arm being burnt?
A. The cup. B. The cat. C. The noodles.
11. How did the man have his head hurt?
A. A ladder hit his head. B. He fell over the table. C. His head hit the ground.
12. What did the doctor ask the man to do?
A. Keep his arm dry. B. Keep his head clean. C. Rest for two days.
听第9段材料，回答第 13至 16题。
13. What is the woman doing?
A. Making a complaint. B. Making an application. C. Making a suggestion.
14. What can we learn about the woman?
A. She can only speak one language.
B. She is good at typing.
C. She is studying abroad.
15. What is the duty of the job?
A. Cleaning rooms. B. Handling inquiries. C. Fixing telephones.
16. How does the woman feel about the job?
A. Disappointed. B. Bored. C. Confident.
听第10段材料，回答第 17至20题。
17. What day is it today?
A. Sunday. B. Monday. C. Tuesday.
18. Who can take part in the cross-country skiing?
A. A 13-year-old boy with his father.
B. A 12-year-old boy without an adult.
C. A 10-year-old girl with her mother.
19. What will the participants do on Wednesday afternoon?
A. Take part in a race.
B. Attend a farewell （告别）party.
C. Look at new equipment.
20. What does the speaker mainly talk about?
A. The great fun of skiing.
B. An activity arrangement.
C. A skiing competition.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2分，满分 30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
On Aug. 13, four Chinese irrigation (灌溉) sites won global recognition and were added to the 2018 list of Heritage Irrigation Structures. Let’s look at these amazing sites.
Dujiangyan
Dujiangyan is the oldest and only surviving dam-less irrigation system in the world. More than 2,000 years ago, Chengdu was threatened by frequent flooding from the Minjiang River. Li Bing, a local official, studied the situation and designed the Dujiangyan irrigation system, which could control the water flow from the mountains to the Chengdu Plain throughout the year.
The Dujiangyan irrigation system has created harmony between man, earth and water. It is the last remaining ecological project of its kind.
Changqu Canal
Changqu Canal is in the city of Xianyang in Hubei province. It is 48 km long and was originally used to transport soldiers. It was later used for irrigation – in fact, it is still used to provide water to more than 20 square km of farmland.
“The recognition of irrigation heritage is intended to help us better use ancient irrigation projects that are still functioning and preserve our precious historical and cultural heritage,” says a notice on the official website of the Hubei provincial government.
Lingqu Canal
Lingqu Canal is located in Xing’an county, near Guilin, Guangxi province. As the oldest canal in the world, it has been described as “another wonder of the world”. The design of the canal is unique. “It magically shows the ease of transportation along the north and south waterways,” according to the Travel China Guide.
Jiang-Xi Dam
The Jiang-Xi Dam in Zhejiang province actually consists of two dams–the Jiang and Xi dams. Built in the 14th century it improved life for local people for centuries. “It not only plays an important role in irrigation, but also responds to environmental governance,” said Ding Kunlun, vice chairman of International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage.
1. What do we know about Dujiangyan?
A. It has no dam and has existed for over 2000 years.
B. Li Bing was tasked to design it as a local official.
C. It could control the Minjiang River most of the time in a year.
D. After it was built Chengdu was never threatened by flood.
2. What was the use of Changqu Canal at first?
A. Military purpose. B. Water supply.
C. Farmland irrigation. D. The ease of transportation.
3. Which of the following has an influence on the ecological environment according to the passage?
A. Dujiangyan and Changqu Canal.
B. Dujiangyan and Jiang Xi Dam.
C. Changqu Canal and Jiang Xi Dam.
D. Dujiangyan and Lingqu Canal.
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国古代的四个灌溉工程获得了世界的认可，并入选2018年世界灌溉工程遗产名录。这四个水利工程分别是四川成都的都江堰、湖北襄阳的长渠（白起渠）、广西桂林兴安县的灵渠、浙江龙游的姜席堰。
【详解】1. 细节理解题。 根据Dujiangyan部分“Dujiangyan is the oldest and only surviving dam-less irrigation system in the world. More than 2,000 years ago, Chengdu was threatened by frequent flooding from the Minjiang River. Li Bing, a local official, studied the situation and designed the Dujiangyan irrigation system(都江堰是世界上最古老也是唯一幸存的无坝灌溉系统。2000多年前，成都曾受到岷江频繁洪水的威胁。当地官员李冰研究了情况，设计了都江堰的灌溉系统) ”中“dam-less irrigation system”和“More than 2,000 years ago”可知，都江堰没有水坝，已经存在了2000多年。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据Changqu Canal部分“It is 48 km long in total and was originally used to transport soldiers. (它全长48公里，最初是用来运送士兵的)”可知，Changqu Canal最初是用来运送士兵的，因此是用于军事目的。故选A项。
3. 细节理解题。根据Dujiangyan部分“The Dujiangyan irrigation system has created harmony between man, earth and water. It is the last remaining ecological project of its kind.(都江堰灌溉系统创造了人、地、水的和谐。这是同类生态工程中仅存的最后一个)”和Jiang-Xi Dam部分“It not only plays an important role in irrigation, but also responds to environmental governance,(它不仅在灌溉中发挥着重要作用，而且还响应环境治理)” 可知，Dujiangyan和Jiang-Xi Dam两个水利工程对生态环境的和谐发展有影响。故选B项 。
B
Chusovitina announced retirement on Sunday night after competing at a record eighth Olympic Games. After failing to secure a spot in Sunday’s final, the 46-year-old, representing Uzbekistan, waved to the crowd inside Tokyo’s Ariake Gymnastics Center, made a heart shape with her hands and briefly cried. All people present gave Chusovitina a standing applause as she left the sport’s biggest stage for the last time.
Born in Uzbek in 1976, Chusovitina took up gymnastics at 7. “My mother did not want me to do gymnastics. I wanted to prove I was not doing it in vain, and I succeeded in that,” Chusovitina once said.
She made her Olympic debut (首秀）at the 1992 Barcelona Games as part of the gold medal-winning team, consisting of athletes from former Soviet Union. She then represented Uzbekistan, before being given German citizenship in 2006. She won a silver medal at the 2008 Beijing Games for Germany, but switched back to competing for Uzbekistan in 2013. Chusovitina is one of just two female gymnasts to represent three different nations at the Olympic Games.
When Chusovitina’s 3-year-old son was diagnosed with leukemia in 2002, she sold her possessions and used any prize money she earned to pay for his medical treatment. Her switch to German citizenship was motivated by the promise of a higher income and better medical care.
After her son’s recovery, Chusovitina continued to compete, but this time it was her love of gymnastics that kept her going. “I just love gymnastics. I do so with pleasure,” she said.
Chusovitina has become a global fan favorite. She was introduced into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 2017, and last year was named the Best Athlete of the Decade by Uzbekistan.
“My son is 22 years old and I want to spend time with him,” she told reporters. “I want to be a mom and wife.”
4. Which is the correct order according to what happened to Chusovitina?
①She gave birth to his son.
②She was named the Best Athlete of the Decade.
③She took up gymnastics.
④She represented Germany to compete.
A. ①④③② B. ①③④②
C. ③①④② D. ③④①②
5. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Chusovitina hasn’t missed any Olympic Games since 1992.
B. Chusovitina can become a citizen of any country as she likes.
C. She became a German citizen only for getting a large sum of money.
D. She retired from her career because her son recovered from his illness.
6. Which of the following words best describe Chusovitina?
A. Vain and Professional. B. Determined and Modest.
C. Devoted and Responsible. D. Ambitious and Generous.
7. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Chusovitina’s Hard and Successful Life
B. Chusovitina’s Retirement from Her Career
C. Chusovitina’s Great Achievements in Gymnastics
D. Chusovitina’s Experiences in Olympic Games
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了乌兹别克斯坦著名的体操运动员丘索维金娜在东京奥运会参加完比赛项目后，向世界宣布退出体坛。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“When Chusovitina’s 3-year-old son was diagnosed with leukemia in 2002,...”可知，①句中的事件发生的时间为1999年。根据第六段第二句中的“...and last year was named the Best Athlete of the Decade by the National Olympic Committee of Uzbekistan. ”可知，②句中的事件发生在去年，即2020年。根据第二段第一句 “Born in Uzbek in 1976, Chusovitina took up gymnastics at 7.”可知，③句中的事件发生在1983年。根据第三段的第二和三句“She then represented Uzbekistan, before being given German citizenship in 2006. She won a silver medal at the 2008 Beijing Games for Germany, but switched back to competing for Uzbekistan in 2013.”可知，④中的事件发生在2006-2013年间。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段 “Chusovitina announced retirement on Sunday night after competing at a record eighth Olympic Games.（上周日晚，丘索维金娜宣布退役，此前她参加了创纪录的第八届奥运会。） ”和第三段 “She made her Olympic debut（首秀）at the 1992 Barcelona Games ...（1992年巴塞罗那奥运会上，她首次参加奥运会）”可知，她从1992年开始共参加了8次奥运会，而根据常识，奥运会每四年举办一次。因此可以推断，她从首次参加奥运会开始，迄今为止，参加了所有的奥运会。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Chusovitina announced retirement on Sunday night after competing at a record eighth Olympic Games.（上周日晚，丘索维金娜宣布退役，此前她参加了创纪录的第八届奥运会。） ”和第三段 “Born in Uzbek in 1976, Chusovitina took up gymnastics at 7.（丘索维金娜1976年出生于乌兹别克斯坦，7岁开始练体操。）”可知她从7岁开始到46岁一直从事体操运动，可见她对该运动的热爱和投入。根据第四段“When Chusovitina’s 3-year-old son was diagnosed with leukemia in 2002, she sold her possessions and used any prize money she earned to pay for his medical treatment. Her switch to German citizenship was motivated by the promise of a higher income and better medical care. （2002年，当丘索维金娜3岁的儿子被诊断出患有白血病时，她卖掉了自己的所有财产，用挣来的奖金支付了儿子的医疗费。她转行成为德国公民的动机是得到更高的收入和更好的医疗服务的承诺。）”可知，她为了给儿子治病，参加各种比赛赚取奖金，可见她身为人母对孩子的爱和责任。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Chusovitina announced retirement on Sunday night after competing at a record eighth Olympic Games.（上周日晚，丘索维金娜宣布退役，此前她参加了创纪录的第八届奥运会。） ”和下文介绍可以看出，这是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了丘索维金娜宣布退役这一事件。故选B。
C
Crying is generally associated with negative emotions like being sad or frustrated, making this natural emotional state something that many people try to avoid. Yet a new study, which sought to better understand the physiological function of shedding tears, suggests that crying is actually kind of good for you. Specifically, it turns out that crying supports the regulation(调控) of breathing during a stressful event.
Sharman headed the research and said crying was previously thought to help humans deal with stressful situations, which led them to testing the idea. Researchers invited 197 undergraduate students to watch sad videos for 17 minutes. About half of them ended up crying. All of the students then participated in the Cold Pressor Stress Test. Researchers monitored their heart and respiration activity during this stress test.
Researchers were surprised when they found that those who cried were not better able to deal with the stress test than those who did not cry. However, they did come across an unexpected finding: evidence that participants who cried were better able to regulate their breathing.
“Firstly, crying doesn’t seem to provide any change to stress hormones(激素) or our ability to deal with physical stress to a degree that might be meaningful if you hurt yourself. Secondly, what was our main finding, is that crying seems to assist in keeping our body stable and calm by slowing down and regulating our breathing and our heart rate,” Sharman told PsyPost.
However, there are some limitations to the findings. “We don’t know if these reactions are typical in real-world settings where you might be crying because of sadness or loss, for example, or if there are differences if someone else is present with you when you cry, ” Sharman said.
8. What does the underlined word “respiration” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Blood-pressure. B. Breathing.
C. Brain. D. Muscle.
9. Why did the researchers do the research?
A. To help people to avoid negative emotions.
B. To better understand breathing in stressful situations.
C. To prove an already existing thought about crying.
D. To find out whether people cry when watching sad videos.
10. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The undergraduate students are more likely to cry.
B. Crying is very helpful for us to deal with stress.
C. That crying helps regulate breathing was found accidentally.
D. Sharman is sure that the research findings agree with reality.
11. Where can you probably read the passage?
A. A biology textbook. B. A research report.
C. A travel brochure. D. A health magazine.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【分析】本文为说明文。主要内容为：实验证明哭泣并不能帮助人类应对压力，但是在有压力的情况下，哭泣有助于调节呼吸。
【详解】1. 词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“Specifically, it turns out that crying may support the regulation of breathing during a stressful event.”（具体来说，事实证明哭泣可能支持在压力事件中呼吸的调节）和第三段最后一句“However, they did come across an unexpected finding: evidence that participants who cried were better able to regulate their breathing.”（然而，他们确实遇到了一个意想不到的发现:证据表明，哭泣的参与者更能调节自己的呼吸）以及第四段最后一句“Secondly, what was our main finding, is that crying seems to assist in keeping our body stable and calm by slowing down and regulating our breathing and our heart rate,” Sharman told PsyPost.”（其次，我们的主要发现是，哭泣似乎可以通过减缓和调节我们的呼吸和心率来帮助我们保持身体稳定和平静。”沙曼告诉PsyPost）可以看出，研究人员主要的发现为哭泣对呼吸的作用，因此可知，研究人员在压力测试中监测了心脏和呼吸活动。由此可知，划线词意为“呼吸”。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Sharman headed the research and said crying was previously thought to help humans deal with stressful situations, which led them to testing the idea.”（沙曼是这项研究的负责人。他说，此前人们认为哭泣可以帮助人类应对压力，因此他们对这一想法进行了验证）可知，之前人们认为哭泣有助于人类应对压力，这促使他们对这一想法进行了测试。故选C。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“However, they did come across an unexpected finding: evidence that participants who cried were better able to regulate their breathing.”（然而，他们确实有了一个意想不到的发现:证据表明哭泣的参与者更能调节自己的呼吸）可知，这一研究结果属于实验中的意外发现。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Crying is generally associated with negative emotions like being sad or frustrated, making this natural emotional state something that many people try to avoid. Yet a new study, which sought to better understand the physiological function of shedding tears, suggests that crying is actually kind of good for you.”（哭泣通常与悲伤或沮丧等负面情绪有关，这使得这种自然的情绪状态成为许多人试图避免的事情。然而，一项旨在更好地理解流泪的生理功能的新研究表明，哭泣实际上对你有好处）可知，本文向读者介绍了科研人员最新的与健康相关的研究发现，因此最有可能在“健康杂志”中读到该文。故选D。
D
When you are sick, you may dream: if only I had been given an injection against diseases before my birth. It is not a dream now.
On Nov. 26, He Jiankui from Guangdong announced the birth of healthy twin girls, Lulu and Nana, earlier in the month. They came into being via external fertilization with gene editing technology that protected them from HIV infection.
The reaction to his announcement was explosive. China’s Ministry of Science and Technology has cooperated with other departments to investigate He’s project. In a signed open letter released on Nov. 27, 140 Chinese researchers in HIV/AIDS from China and abroad condemned the research. They questioned the need for He’s project. The letter said that there are many treatments that prevent babies born to HIV-positive parents from being infected. In fact, there are many drugs for this.
Until now, there has only been gene editing research on faulty embryos. The research only went ahead when it was clear that children would have terrible diseases. But even this research is controversial.
The idea that research could find ways to switch off genes that cause cancer may be exciting, but it is also troubling. There are worries about babies that are designed to be superior, with better looks and above average skills. People are also concerned that gene editing changes the human genome, which means that changes will be handed onto future generations and spread through the population. Such research also raises ethical questions. If the technology becomes available, who will be able to use it? Will it be only the wealthy? And if people live much longer lives, will there be an effect on the size of the world population?
Those questions are difficult to answer. But one thing is certain: If the cures have the potential to affect not just those who are treated, but the human population as a whole, it’s important to ensure that scientific advances aren’t getting too far ahead of our understanding of how to use them.
12. Why does the writer talk about “dream” in paragraph 1?
A. To stress the importance of dreams. B. To show how to achieve one’s dream.
C. To introduce gene editing technology. D. To prove that injections can cure disease.
13. What attitude did 140 researchers have towards He’s project?
A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Cautious. D. Unclear.
14. What do we learn about gene editing technology from the passage?
A. It is the only way HIV-positive parents bear healthy babies.
B. It has already been applied in more than one field.
C. It is highly appreciated because it can cure terrible diseases.
D. It can bring benefits to humans as well as troubles.
15. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Treatments for new-born babies. B. Worries about the future generation.
C. Development of science and technology. D. A hot issue about gene editing research.
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。利用基因编辑技术诞生的一对艾滋病产生免疫的双胞胎婴儿，引起了巨大的社会反响。基因编辑技术的研究给社会带来福音的同时，也带来了巨大的担忧。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“When you are sick, you may dream: if only I had been given an injection against diseases before my birth. It is not a dream now.(当你生病的时候，你可能会有这样的梦想：要是我在出生前能打一针预防疾病就好了。现在这已经不是梦想了)”以及第二段“On Nov. 26, He Jiankui from Guangdong announced the birth of healthy twin girls, Lulu and Nana, earlier in the month. They came into being via external fertilization with gene editing technology that protected them from HIV infection.(11月26日，来自广东的贺建奎宣布，本月初一对健康的双胞胎女孩露露和娜娜出生了。她们是通过外部受精和基因编辑技术形成的，这保护她们免受艾滋病毒感染)”可知文章开篇将读者代入到情境中，即：你生病时就会梦想：如果自己在出生前就打了疾病免疫的针剂该有多好啊。目的是引出文章的主要话题：基因编辑技术。即作者在第一段中谈到“梦想”是为了引入基因编辑技术。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“In a signed open letter released on Nov. 27, 140 Chinese researchers in HIV/AIDS from China and abroad condemned the research. They questioned the need for He’s project. (在11月27日发布的一封署名公开信中，140名来自国内外的中国艾滋病研究人员谴责了这项研究。他们质疑该计划的必要性)”可推知，国内外研究者对该研究项目所持的态度是“批评的”。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“The idea that research could find ways to switch off genes that cause cancer may be exciting, but it is also troubling. There are worries about babies that are designed to be superior, with better looks and above average skills. People are also concerned that gene editing changes the human genome, which means that changes will be handed onto future generations and spread through the population. Such research also raises ethical questions. If the technology becomes available, who will be able to use it? Will it be only the wealthy? And if people live much longer lives, will there be an effect on the size of the world population?(研究可以找到关闭致癌基因的方法，这一想法可能令人兴奋，但也令人不安。有些人担心婴儿被设计得更优秀，拥有更好的外表和高于平均水平的技能。人们还担心，基因编辑会改变人类基因组，这意味着改变将传递给后代，并在人口中传播。 这样的研究也提出了伦理问题。如果这项技术变得可行，谁将能够使用它？只会是富人吗？如果人们的寿命更长，会对世界人口规模产生影响吗？)”可知，基因编辑技术给人类带来好处的同时也带来麻烦。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“The reaction to his announcement was explosive. China’s Ministry of Science and Technology has cooperated with other departments to investigate He’s project. In a signed open letter released on Nov. 27, 140 Chinese researchers in HIV/AIDS from China and abroad condemned the research. They questioned the need for He’s project. The letter said that there are many treatments that prevent babies born to HIV-positive parents from being infected. In fact, there are many drugs for this.(对他的声明的反应是爆炸性的。中国科技部已经与其他部门合作调查该项目。在11月27日发布的一封署名公开信中，140名来自国内外的中国艾滋病研究人员谴责了这项研究。他们质疑该计划的必要性。信中说，有许多治疗方法可以防止父母携带艾滋病毒的婴儿被感染。事实上，有很多药物可以治疗这种病)”结合本文开篇引出话题后，简要介绍了基因编辑婴儿项目的成功，接下来主要呈现了人们对该项研究成果的反应及担忧。可知这篇文章主要谈论了基因编辑研究的热点问题。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题 2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Searching for a way to be happier? Seeking deeper connections with friends or looking for more friends? Want to relate better to other people? ____16____
Compassion, as one scholar describes it, is “experiencing feelings of loving kindness toward another person’s suffering”. The compassionate often have deeper connections with others and more friends. They are more forgiving and have stronger sense of life purpose. ____17____ The compassionate are usually happier, healthier, more self-confident, and less self-critical.
____18____ All you need is a quiet place. In that quiet space, sit in a comfortable position. Focus on your breath and try to clear your mind. Then mentally focus on your heart area and think about someone you feel tenderness (亲切) toward. This could be your friend or your family. Then expand that feeling to yourself and to others. As time goes by, add more people to that circle. This may sound a little strange. ____19____
Even short-term exercises like this broaden your attention, your thinking and your overall sense of well-being in a way that lasts. ____20____ Compassion helps your brain become more flexible, and lets your brain have a wider sense of what's going on, and it gives you access to more ideas on how to act.
This practice is beneficial to physical health and can help reduce physical signs of stress. And the happiness that can come from compassion training is the kind that lasts.
A. But studies have shown this simple exercise really strengthens your sense of compassion.
B. Practicing compassion doesn’t have to cost you money.
C. That’s in part because it changes your brain.
D. Compassion means a lot in our daily life.
E. Try a little compassion.
F. Your brain is one of the most important parts in your body.
G. Compassion also has direct personal benefit.
【答案】16. E 17. G 18. B 19. A 20. C
【解析】
【分析】本文为说明文。介绍了同情心给自身带来的益以及如何通过训练使自己富有同情心。
【16题详解】
第一段“Searching for a way to be happier? Seeking deeper connections with friends or looking for more friends? Want to relate better to other people?(还在寻找让自己更快乐的方法吗?想和朋友建立更深层次的联系还是想结交更多的朋友吗?想要更好地与他人相处吗?)”作者抛出三个问题，第二段给出解决问题的方法：compassion。E 项“Try a little compassion.(试试同情)”既回答了第一段的三个问题，也引出第二段的话题compassion，承上启下。故选E项。
【17题详解】
上文“The compassionate often have deeper connections with others and more friends. They are more forgiving and have stronger sense of life purpose.(富有同情心的人往往与他人有更深的联系和更多的朋友。他们更宽容，有更强烈的生活目标感)”讲同情心对我们交友和生活的影响，下文“The compassionate are usually happier, healthier, more self-confident, and less self-critical.(富有同情心的人通常更快乐、更健康、更自信、更少自我批评)”讲同情心直接带给个人的好处，会让我们更快乐、更健康、更自信、更少自我批评，G项“Compassion also has direct personal benefit.(同情心也有直接的个人好处)”承上启下，其中also表明与上文的递进关系，“personal benefit”与下文“happier, healthier, more self-confident, and less self-critical”相照应。故选G项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“All you need is a quiet place.(你只需要一个安静的地方)”可推知，上文中会说不需要什么，B项“Practicing compassion doesn’t have to cost you money.(练习同情心并不需要花钱)”中“doesn’t have to cost you money”与下文“all you need is a quiet place”构成对比关系，且其中“Practicing compassion”也是本段的主题。故选B项。
【19题详解】
第三段主要讲练习同情心的方法，A项“But studies have shown this simple exercise really strengthens your sense of compassion.(但研究表明，这个简单的练习真的能增强你的同情心)”用研究结果来说明了这种练习方式的效果，是全段的总结，同时与上文“This may sound a little strange. (这听起来可能有点奇怪)”构成转折关系，尽管这种方法有点奇怪，但的确有效。故选A项。
【20题详解】
下文“Compassion helps your brain become more flexible, and lets your brain have a wider sense of what's going on, and it gives you access to more ideas on how to act.(同情心帮助你的大脑变得更灵活，让你的大脑对正在发生的事情有更广泛的认识，它让你获得更多关于如何行动的想法) ”讲到同情心对大脑的具体影响，是对C项“That’s in part because it changes your brain.(部分原因是它改变了你的大脑)”是观点的解释和说明，其中“brain become more flexible”和“your brain have a wider sense of what's going on”与C项中“changes your brain”相照应。故选C项。
第三部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空（共 20小题；每小题1.5分，满分 30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Lifeart is a student-run organization founded by my friend at my school in Boston. It ____21____ its members to make artwork to sell for funding cancer research. ____22____ the students at our school can support us only so much, we went to the ____23____ of Boston one spring day to sell our artwork to the public.
We ____24____ a stand near the entrance of a subway station, ____25____ that people might be more likely to ____26____ our artwork when heading home. The situation was quite hard to ____27____ at first. It was windy that day, so our canvases (帆布) kept on ____28____. Being shy as well, we were ____29____ to ask people if they would consider buying our artwork. I suddenly had great _____30_____ for vendors (商贩) . We were also afraid of being _____31_____. Did we need a license? We weren’t sure of what we were doing, and we didn’t have teachers to _____32_____ in for damage control. Thankfully, no one drove us away.
_____33_____, a braver girl, Luna, approached our first _____34_____. Although he did not buy anything, it _____35_____ a little courage in the rest of us. Gradually, our _____36_____ grew with each new customer Luna had led to our little stand. In a pure act of courage, I talked to a Korean woman passing by. I felt a bit _____37_____ when she said that she didn’t have time, but my courage had _____38_____ with this short conversation with a stranger. I went on talking to more people.
At the end of the day, we sold a large amount of artwork. It might not have been as much as we expected, but we _____39_____ that the experience of gaining and _____40_____ our courage made up for the day’s shortcomings. I look forward to another one of these trips.
21. A. affects B. forces C. serves D. gathers
22. A. Since B. Once C. While D. If
23. A. museums B. shops C. streets D. stations
24. A. turned up B. set up C. picked up D. broke up
25. A. thinking B. proving C. assessing D. admitting
26. A. spot B. buy C. appreciate D. design
27. A. handle B. recognize C. analyze D. confirm
28. A. fading B. flowing C. falling D. flashing
29. A. anxious B. eager C. willing D. hesitant
30. A. consideration B. respect C. pity D. curiosity
31. A. arrested B. ignored C. cheated D. refused
32. A. join B. step C. cut D. fit
33. A. Immediately B. Gradually C. Slowly D. Finally
34. A. friend B. customer C. agent D. stranger
35. A. approved B. concluded C. created D. inspired
36. A. strength B. fortune C. patience D. confidence
37. A. annoyed B. relaxed C. embarrassed D. delighted
38. A. stayed B. crowded C. risen D. decreased
39. A. agreed B. promised C. announced D. decided
40. A. losing B. making C. exercising D. observing
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. B 35. D 36. D 37. C 38. C 39. A 40. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了我们进行的一场街头义卖的经历与收获。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它召集其成员制作艺术品出售，以资助癌症研究。A. affects影响；B. forces强迫；C. serves服务；D. gathers聚集、召集。根据“its members to make artwork”可知，该组织召集其成员制作艺术品出售，故选D。
【22题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：由于我们学校的学生只能支持我们这么多，我们在一个春日里去波士顿街头向公众出售我们的艺术品。A. Since因为；B. Once一旦；C. While虽然；D. If如果。根据句意可知前后是因果关系，因为在学校筹不够善款，所以我们才走上街头义卖，故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. museums博物馆；B. shops商店；C. streets街道；D. stations车站。根据下文“a stand near the entrance of a subway station”以及义卖的情节可知，我们是在街头义卖，故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们在一个地铁站的入口处搭了一个摊位，认为人们回家时可能更愿意购买我们的艺术品。A. turned up出现；B. set up建立、搭建；C. picked up捡起；D. broke up打碎。根据宾语a stand可知此处指“搭建摊位”，故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. thinking认为；B. proving证明；C. assessing评价；D. admitting承认。根据语境可知，空后内容是我们在地铁站入口处搭摊位时的想法，故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. spot看见；B. buy买；C. appreciate欣赏；D. design设计。我们是在街头义卖，自然是希望人们买我们的艺术品，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：起初情况很难处理。A. handle处理；B. recognize认出；C. analyze分析；D. confirm确认。根据主语situation以及后一句“那天风大，所以我们帆布一直在往下掉”可知，起初情况很难处理，故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天风大，所以我们的帆布一直在往下掉。A. fading褪色；B. flowing流动；C. falling倒塌、掉落；D. flashing闪光。根据“It was windy that day”可知，由于风很大，搭建摊位的帆布一直在往下掉，故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于害羞，我们也不太愿意（犹豫）问别人是否会考虑购买我们的艺术品。A. anxious焦急的；B. eager渴望的；C. willing愿意的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据shy可知，由于害羞，我们也不太愿意问别人是否会考虑购买我们的作品，踌躇不前，很犹豫，故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我突然对小商贩心生敬意。A. consideration考虑；B. respect敬意；C. pity可惜；D. curiosity好奇。结合上文风大，摊位不好搭可知，我体会到了在街上卖东西的不易，而小商贩无论刮风下雨都要出摊，我不免心生敬意，故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们也害怕被城管抓。我们需要执照吗？A. arrested逮捕；B. ignored忽视；C. cheated欺骗；D. refused拒绝。后文“Did we need a license?”表明我们担心被城管抓，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时，我们不知道自己在做什么，也没有老师介入（帮忙处理）。A. join加入；B. step步入；C. cut切断；D. fit适应。在街头的义卖行为是我们自己组织的，万一发生了情况没有老师帮忙解决，这一点也是我们担心的，故选B。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，一个勇敢的女孩，露娜，走近了我们的第一位顾客。A. Immediately立即；B. Gradually逐渐；C. Slowly慢慢；D. Finally最后。在经历了一系列的准备和担心之后，我们终于迎来了第一位顾客，故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. friend朋友；B. customer顾客；C. agent代理；D. stranger陌生人。我们是在街头义卖，自然是迎来了第一位顾客，故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然他什么也没买，但这使我们大家都鼓起了一点勇气。A. approved赞成；B. concluded推断；C. created创造；D. inspired激励。我们迎来了第一位顾客，虽然什么都没买，但也足以激起我的勇气了，故选D。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我们的信心随着露娜带来的每一位新客户而增长。A. strength力量；B. fortune命运；C. patience耐心；D. confidence信心。根据下文“In a pure act of courage”可知此处指“信心”，故选D。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她说她没有时间时，我感到有点尴尬，但我的勇气随着与一个陌生人的简短交谈而增强。我继续和更多的人交谈。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. relaxed放松的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. delighted高兴的。根据“when she said that she didn’t have time”可知，当她说她没有时间时，我感到有点尴尬，故选C。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. stayed停留；B. crowded拥挤；C. risen上升；D. decreased减少。根据“I went on talking to more people.”可知，我的勇气随着与一个陌生人的简短交谈而增强，故选C。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我们卖出了很多艺术品。这可能没有我们预期的那么多，但我们一致认为，获得和锻炼勇气的经历弥补了今天的不足。A. agreed同意、一致认为；B. promised承诺；C. announced宣布；D. decided决定。空后的内容是我们的收获，是我们一致的想法，故选A。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. losing失去；B. making制作；C. exercising锻炼；D. observing观察。根据上文的讲述可知，这次义卖活动锻炼了我们的勇气，让我们收获了信心，故选C。
第二节（共10个小题；每小题 1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
September usually marks the start of a new season. In the UK, people will tell you it’s “autumn”. However, across the Atlantic people tend ____41____ (use) both “fall” and “autumn” when referring to this time of year. Why does it have to be so ____42____ (confuse)?
Before both words came into ____43____ (exist) in the vocabulary, the seasons separating the cold and warm months didn’t have common names. The main work people did during the pre-winter period was harvesting crops, so it ____44____ (call) “harvest” in Old English.
Then, in the 1600s, more people left the farmland and moved into cities. ____45____ farming, the term “harvest” became less useful to citizens. Some English speakers needed ____46____ different name for the season. They knew ____47____ (leaf) fell from trees during that season, so people called the season “the fall of the leaf”, or “fall” for short.
But by the end of the 1600s, autumn, ____48____ came from the French word “autompne”, had been introduced in England and overtook (超过) “fall” as the standard term for the harvesting season. At the same time, some British were making their first voyages to North America. They ____49____ (bring) “fall” and “autumn” with them. Today, using both words to describe the season is ________50________ (unique) American.
【答案】41. to use
42. confusing
43. existence
44. was called
45. Without
46. a 47. leaves
48. which 49. brought
50. uniquely
【解析】
【分析】本文为说明文，介绍了英语语言中“秋天”这个词汇有两种表达方式并存的起源。
【41题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：然而，大西洋彼岸的人们在提到每年的这个时候往往会同时使用“fall”和“autumn”。短语tend to do...，意为“趋向于做……；往往做……”，用动词不定式形式。故填to use。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：为什么要让人这么困惑? 设空处接在be动词之后，应用形容词作表语修饰事物it ，confusing为形容词，意思为“令人困惑的”，修饰形容事物。故填confusing。
【43题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：在这两个词出现在词汇中之前，分隔冷暖月份的季节没有共同的名字。短语come into existence，意为“开始存在、产生”，用名词existence。故填existence。
44题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：人们在冬季前的主要工作是收割庄稼，所以在古英语中被称为“harvest”。设空处为谓语动词，根据时态可知是一般过去时，主语it和谓语call之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语it单数，谓语也用单数形式。故填was called。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：如果没有农业，“harvest”这个词对居民来说就没有那么有用了。根据句子逻辑关系和句意可知，此处假设否定的情况，应用介词without，首字母大写。故填Without。
【46题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意：一些说英语的人需要为这个季节取一个不同的名字。设空处修饰名词name，应用不定冠词，泛指，different以辅音音素开头，用a。故填a。
【47题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：他们知道树叶在那个季节从树上掉下来，所以人们把这个季节叫做“树叶掉落”，或者简称为“fall”。设空处为名词做主语，leaf为可数名词，根据句意应用名词复数形式。故填leaves。
【48题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：但是到了17世纪末，来自法语单词“autompne”autumn被引入英国，取代了“fall”，成为衡量收获季节的标准术语。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代先行词autumn，先行词指物，用关系代词which。故填which。
【49题详解】
考查时态。句意：他们引入了“fall”和“autumn”。设空处为谓语，根据语境可知为一般过去时。故填brought。
【50题详解】
考查副词。句意：今天，用这两个词来描述这个季节是美国独有的。此处为副词uniquely修饰形容词American。故填uniquely。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分 35分)
第一节 短文改错（满分 10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改 10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。
A one-day event gave me a chance to see how farming is all about. After a two-hour drive, we reached countryside. The fresh air and open land made me excited, but I quickly threw me into hands-on work in the fields. Following some farmers instructions, I did the work for the whole afternoon. It included harvesting crops, tie them up and moving them to a warehouse (仓库). As the Chinese poem is goes, every grain on the plate come from hard work. I now understand how farther it travels from the farm to the plate. I’ll value food and not be too particular in it any more.
【答案】1. how→what
2. 在countryside前加the
3. but→and/so
4. me→myself
5. farmers→farmers’
6. tie→tying
7. 删除is
8. come→comes
9. farther→far
10. in →about/over
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者到乡下干了一个下午的农活，理解了劳动的辛苦和粮食的来之不易。
【详解】1. 考查宾语从句。句意：一个为期一天的活动让我有机会了解农业是什么。连接代词what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，表示“……的人/事/物/话/地方”。分析句子可知，“how farming is all about.”是宾语从句，从句引导词在从句中作介词about的宾语，表示“农业是什么”。故将how改为what。
2. 考查冠词。句意：开车两小时后，我们到了乡下。the countryside是固定搭配，表示“乡下，乡村”。故在countryside前加the。
3. 考查连词。句意：新鲜的空气和开阔的土地让我兴奋不已，我很快投入到田间的实际工作中。根据句意可知，“The fresh air and open land made me excited”和“I quickly threw myself into hands-on work in the fields”之间不是转折关系，而是并列关系，可用连词and连接，或者是因果关系，可用连词so连接。故将but改为and或者so。
4. 考查反身代词。句意：我很快投入到田间的实际工作中。throw oneself into...是固定搭配，表示“投身于……，投入到……”，因为句子主语是I，所以应用反身代词myself。故将me改为myself。
5. 考查所有格。句意：按照一些农民的指示，我干了一个下午的农活。根据句意可知，farmers与instructions之间有所属关系，表示“农民的指示”，应使用名词所有格farmers’。故将farmers改为farmers’。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它包括收割庄稼，把它们捆起来并运到仓库。分析句子可知，“tie them up”与“harvesting crops”和“moving them to a warehouse”是并列关系，作谓语动词included 的宾语，也应使用动名词形式tying them up。故将tie改为tying。
7. 考查固定句型。句意：中国有句古诗说，盘子里的每一粒粮食，都来自辛勤的劳动。分析句子可知，定语从句“As the Chinese poem is goes”中谓语is goes是一种错误的形式，英语句子中是不存在这样的谓语形式的，前面is多余，应删去，其中谓语动词go表示“说”，其主语the Chinese poem为单数名词，谓语动词go应用第三人称单数goes。故删除is。
8. 考查主谓一致。句意：中国有句古诗说，盘子里的每一粒粮食，都来自辛勤的劳动。分析句子可知，“every grain on the plate come from hard work”是主句，句中讲述客观事实，用一般现在时态，其中主语every grain是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故将come改为comes。
9. 考查形容词。句意：我现在明白了粮食从农场到盘子有多远的距离。根据句意可知，句中说粮食从农场到盛在盘子里，中间还有很长的一个过程，但句中没有比较对象，没有比较含义，所以无需使用比较级。故将farther改为far。
10. 考查介词。句意：我会珍惜食物，不再挑三拣四。be particular about/over...为固定搭配，表示“对……挑剔”。故将in 改为about或over。
第二节 书面表达（满分 25分）
52. 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 Henry在观看东京奥运会赛事期间，发邮件询问你最喜欢的运动，请你谈谈：
1. 你最喜欢的一项体育运动;
2. 你喜欢这项运动的原因；
3. 你参加这项运动的情况。
注意:
1. 词数 100左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）;
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Henry,
I’m glad to share my favorite sport with you.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Henry,
I’m glad to share my favorite sport with you. Among all the sports, I have a preference for football.
At the age of ten, when my best friend invited me to join the football team in our school, I became interested in it and have been playing it since then. The reason why I like it is that not only does it make me stronger but also helps me develop the spirit of teamwork. Besides, when playing football, many players work toward one common goal and will develop a priceless friendship. I often play football with my teammates and sometimes we take part in football competitions, through which I have improved my skills greatly.
Do you like football? Hopefully, we will have a football game together.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 Henry在观看东京奥运会赛事期间，发邮件询问你最喜欢的运动。请考生结合要点写一封邮件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→ pleased
参加：join →take part in
感兴趣：become interested in→ take interest in
此外：besides→ what’s more
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m glad to share my favorite sport with you.
拓展句：I’m glad to share my favorite sport with you, which is football.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The reason why I like it is that not only does it make me stronger but also helps me develop the spirit of teamwork.（运用了why引导的限制性定语从句和that引导的表语从句）
【高分句型2】I often play football with my teammates and sometimes we take part in football competitions, through which I have improved my skills greatly.
（运用了介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句）
听力答案：1-5 ABCBB 6-10 CACAB 11-15 CABCB 16-20 CAACB