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2020-2021学年Lesson 1 Active Learning课前预习ppt课件
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这是一份2020-2021学年Lesson 1 Active Learning课前预习ppt课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了素养导航，晨读晚诵，Ⅰ知识体系图解 ，重点词汇 ，重点短语，重点句式，重点语法，答案A ，答案C ，答案B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
As Internet users becme mre dependent n the Internet t stre infrmatin,are peple remembering less?If yu knw yur cmputer will save infrmatin,why stre it in yur wn persnal memry,yur brain?Experts are wndering if the Internet is changing what we remember and hw.In a recent study,Prfessr Betsy Sparrw cnducted sme experiments.She and her research team wanted t knw hw the Internet was changing memry.In the first experiment,they gave peple 40 unimprtant facts t type int a cmputer.The first grup f peple understd that the cmputer wuld save the infrmatin.The secnd grup understd that the cmputer wuld nt save it.Later,the secnd grup remembered the infrmatin better.Peple in the first grup knew they culd find the infrmatin again,s they did nt try t remember it.
In anther experiment,the researchers gave peple facts t remember,and tld them where t find the infrmatin n the cmputer.The infrmatin was in a specific① cmputer flder②.Surprisingly,peple later remembered the flder lcatin③ better than the facts.When peple use the Internet,they d nt remember the infrmatin.Rather,they remember hw t find it.This is called “transactive memry (交互记忆)”.
Accrding t Sparrw,we are nt becming peple with pr memries as a result f the Internet.Instead,cmputer users are develping strnger transactive memries;that is,peple are learning hw t rganise huge quantities f④ infrmatin s that they are able t find it at a later date.This desn’t mean we are becming either mre r less intelligent,but there is n dubt that the way we use memry is changing.
词海拾贝①specific adj.特定的;明确的②flder n.文件夹③lcatin n.位置④huge quantities f大量的
典句欣赏Instead,cmputer users are develping strnger transactive memries;that is,peple are learning hw t rganise huge quantities f infrmatin s that they are able t find it at a later date.译文:相反,计算机用户正在培养更强的交互记忆;也就是说,人们正在学习如何组织大量的信息,以便以后能够找到这些信息。分析:句中的“hw t rganise huge quantities f infrmatin s that they are able t find it at a later date”是“疑问词+不定式”结构作learn的宾语。“s that they are able t find it at a later date”是目的状语从句。
探究思辨1.Why des the passage begin with tw questins?2.What can we learn abut the first experiment?答案1.T intrduce the main first grup did nt try t remember the infrmatin.
Sectin A TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
1.gemetry n. 2.autmatic adj. 3.inner adj. 4.uter adj. 5.dinsaur n. 6.data n.
几何(学) 自动的;无意识的 内部的 外部的,外面的 恐龙 资料;数据
7. n.方法 8. n.搭档,同伴 9. vi.& vt.仔细思考;表达(意见);反映 10. vi.争论,争吵 11. vt.认为;假定,假设 12. adj.灵活的,可变通的 13. vt.促进,增进 14. adj.不大可能的 15. vi.存在;实际上有 16. vt.忽视;置之不理 17. n.印象;感想
apprach partner reflect argue assumeflexible prmte unlikely exist ignre impressin
1. 温习,复习 2. 思考 3. 争吵 4. 最后;最终 5. 弄懂某事物;计算出 6. 总而言之;简单地说 7. 尝试 8. 在……的中心 9. 以……为根据
brush up (n) reflect n argue with end up ding wrk ut in shrt attempt t at the heart f ... be based n...
If yu try t find ut the surce f an idea,n matter hw crazy it seems,yu will increase yur chance f learning smething.如果你试图找出一个想法的来源,不管它看起来有多疯狂,你都会增加你学习的机会。
动词-ing形式或不定式作宾语
Ⅱ.阅读导学A.阅读pp.52-53课文,判断正(T)误(F)1.Inner vice is imprtant fr active questins is the easiest way t satisfy yur curius is helpful in active learners attempt t find the truth rather than accept everything that is learners tend t ignre what is said because f wh the speaker/writer learners usually separate the message frm the messenger.
答案A.1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.T
B.阅读pp.52-53课文,选出正确答案1.Which f the fllwing is NOT true accrding t Paragraph 1?A.Human beings are brn gd are trained t be better learners reflect n what they have part in the learning prcess actively is active learning.
2.If yu want t be an active learner,which f the fllwing yu shuld d?A.Fllw yur inner with yur uter t cntrl yur inner mre n yur inner vice than yur uter vice.
3.What is the structure f the passage?
Ⅲ.阅读下列句子,用所给单词的适当形式填空1.We need (train) urselves t be better learners. 2.I suggest (d) five things t take an active rle in yur learning. 3.If yu keep (pay) t much attentin t yur inner vice,yu risk (miss) imprtant infrmatin. 4.Be flexible in yur pinins and yu might end up (agree) with the speaker. 5.The answers will lead yu t further learning,and the very act f (wrk) ut questins will help yu t achieve a higher level f (understand) abut the tpic.
understanding
6.They attempt (find) the truth at the heart f each idea. 7.If yu try (find) ut the surce f an idea,n matter hw crazy it seems,yu will increase yur chance f (learn) smething. 8.They refuse (learn) r ignre what is said because f wh the speaker/writer is. 9.It is true that we cannt help (dislike) sme peple—this is human nature,after all.
1.What is yur learning apprach t it?(Page 50)你学习它的方法是什么?【词汇精讲】apprach在本句中用作名词,意为“方法”;除此之外还可表示“靠近;路径”。apprach还可用作动词,意为“靠近,接近;着手处理”。Facing up t yur prblems rather than running away frm them is the best apprach t wrking things ut.敢于面对你的问题而不逃避是解决问题的最好的方法。She hadn’t heard his apprach and jumped as the dr pened.她没有听见他走近的声音,所以门开时吓了一跳。
All the appraches t the city were blcked.通往这个城市的所有道路都被封锁了。The time is appraching when we will have t leave.我们必须离开的时刻越来越近了。There are several ways f appraching the prblem.处理这个问题有好几种方法。
【词汇拓展】(1)with the apprach f随着……的来临the apprach t (ding) sth做……的方法(2)apprach表示“方法”时,其后往往接介词t,类似的还有:the answer t the questin问题的答案the key t the dr门的钥匙the slutin t sth解决……的办法
2.t reflect n (Page 52) 思考【词汇精讲】reflect用作动词,意为“仔细思考;表达(意见);反映”,还可表示“反射”。Yur perfrmance as a student will be excellent if yu develp a habit f reflecting n hw yu learn.作为学生,如果你养成思考如何学习的习惯,你的表现会非常好。The letter reflects hw he really thinks.这封信反映了他的真实想法。His music reflects his interest in African culture.他的音乐反映了他对非洲文化的兴趣。The mn reflects the sunlight.月亮反射太阳光。
【词汇拓展】reflect n思考reflectin n.倒影;深思;反映He admired his reflectin in the mirrr.他欣赏着自己在镜中的影像。Yur chice f clthes is a reflectin f yur persnality.你对衣服的选择正是你个性的反映。
3.Argue with yur inner vice (Page 52) 与你内心的声音争论【词汇精讲】argue用作动词,意为“争论,争吵”。I find it hard t argue with him abut/ver the tpic.我发现很难跟他争论这个话题。【词汇拓展】(1)argue fr/against sth支持/反对某事argue with sb abut/ver sth与某人就某事进行争论(2)argument n.争论;争吵;论据;论点;辩论have an argument with sb和某人争吵heated argument激烈的争论win/lse an argument辩论赢了/输了
I argue against thrwing traditin away.我反对丢弃传统。Hw wuld yu like t supprt yur argument?你要如何来证明你的论点?There are strng arguments fr and against the plan.支持和反对这一计划的人都有强有力的论据。We had an argument with the waiter abut the bill.我们和服务员就账单发生了争吵。
4.Mst peple assume that the human brain is set n “autmatic”—that means it learns all by itself.(Page 52)大多数人认为人类的大脑是“自动”的——那就是说它可以自己学习。【词汇精讲】assume用作动词,意为“认为;假定,假设”。Let us assume the statement t be crrect.让我们设想这个说法是正确的。We can’t assume anything in this case.在这种情况下,我们无法作任何揣测。I assumed that he had gne fr a walk.我想他去散步了。It is assumed that the ecnmy will cntinue t imprve.人们认为经济会持续改善。Assuming that he desn’t agree t ur plan,what shall we d?假如他不同意我们的计划,我们该怎么办?
【词汇拓展】(1) be认为……是……assume that...假定/认为……It is assumed that...人们认为……assuming (that)假定……(2)assumptin n.假设;假定It was impssible t make assumptins abut peple’s reactins.臆断人们的反应是不可能的。His actins were based n a false assumptin.他的行为是基于错误的设想。
5.Be flexible in yur pinins and yu might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.(Page 53)观点灵活一些,最终,你也许会同意说话人或是作者的观点。【词汇精讲】end up ding是固定词组,意为“最后;最终”。At first they hated each ther,but they ended up getting married.他们起初相互厌恶,但最后却成了夫妻。He ate t much during the hliday and ended up gaining weight.他在假期吃得太多,结果体重增加了。
【词汇拓展】end up with以……结束end up as最终成为……end up in以……收场But many f us end up with jbs like that.但我们当中的许多人最后找到的就是那样的工作。
6.Asking questins is the easiest way t prmte active learning.(Page 53)提出问题是促进主动学习的最简单的方法。【词汇精讲】prmte用作动词,意为“促进,增进”,还可以表示“推广,宣传;促销”。The car cmpany has made a lt f advertisements n TV t prmte their latest prducts.这家汽车公司已经在电视上做了大量广告促销他们的最新产品。The gvernment is trying t d smething t prmte better understanding between the tw cuntries.政府正在努力采取措施促进两国间更好的了解。The yung sldier was/gt prmted fr his bravery in the war.那位年轻的士兵因为作战中表现出的英勇而得到提升。
【词汇拓展】prmtin n.晋升;促进;促销The new jb is a prmtin fr him.这一新职务对他是晋升。Her jb is mainly cncerned with sales and prmtin.她主要负责销售和广告宣传方面。
7.The answers will lead yu t further learning,and the very act f wrking ut questins will help yu t achieve a higher level f understanding abut the tpic.(Page 53)答案会引导你进一步的学习,而解决问题的行为会帮助你获得对主题更高层次的理解。【词汇精讲】wrk ut是固定词组,意为“弄懂某事物;计算出”。The little by can’t wrk ut the meaning f this pem.这个小男孩弄不懂这首诗的含义。I can’t wrk ut the cst f the trip.我算不出这次旅行所需的费用。
【词汇拓展】wrk ut还可以表示“进展顺利;解决;锻炼”。We had wanted t finish ur task by nn,but it didn’t quite wrk ut.我们本想在中午前完成我们的任务,但是没做到。D yu knw hw t wrk ut the prblem?你知道如何解决这个问题吗?He ges t the club t wrk ut twice a week.他每周去那家俱乐部健身两次。
8.They attempt t find the truth at the heart f each idea.(Page 53)他们努力从每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。【词汇精讲】attempt可用作动词或名词,意为“尝试,努力,试图”。He didn’t pass the exam at his first attempt,but it was a gd attempt.第一次尝试他虽然没及格,但这是一次很好的尝试。
【词汇拓展】attempt t d sth试图做某事make an attempt试图;努力at ne’s first attempt第一次尝试They made an attempt t escape but failed.他们企图逃跑,但没有成功。They are attempting t climb the steepest part f the muntain.他们正努力攀登这座山最陡的部分。
9.Even when an idea sunds entirely unlikely,there may be an aspect f it that is based n truth.(Page 53)即使一个想法听起来完全不可能,其中也许有某个方面是基于事实的。【词汇精讲1】unlikely意为“不大可能的”,用作形容词。The prject seemed unlikely t succeed.这个项目似乎难以成功。It’s mst unlikely that she’ll arrive befre seven.她最不可能在七点前到达。They have built htels in the mst unlikely places.他们把旅馆建在最冷门的地方。
【词汇拓展1】(1)be unlikely t d sth...不可能做某事It is/was unlikely that...不可能……(2)likely adj.可能的be likely t d sth...有可能做某事It is/was likely that...很有可能……She is likely t ring me tnight.她今晚可能给我打电话。It is likely that she’ll win the match.她可能赢得这场比赛。
【词汇精讲2】be based n是固定词组,意为“以……为根据”。The prgress f the sciety is based n harmny.社会的进步建立在和谐的基础之上。This nvel is based n histrical facts.这部小说是以历史事实为根据的。A gd marriage is based n trust.美满的婚姻是建立在信任的基础上的。
【词汇拓展2】base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础 n.底部;根据;总部以……为基础She based the stry n her wn experience.她根据自己的亲身经历写出了这个故事。They based the cmpany in Beijing.他们将公司的总部设在北京。The lamp has a heavy base.这个台灯底座很沉。The base f the cmpany is in Shanghai,but there are branches all ver the cuntry.公司总部在上海,但在全国都有分公司。
10.S if smene says that dinsaurs still exist tday,think abut why they believe this.(Page 53)所以如果有人说现在仍然存在恐龙,想想为什么他们相信这个。【词汇精讲】exist 用作动词,意为“存在;实际上有”。D yu think life exists n Mars?你认为火星上存在生命吗?
【词汇拓展】(1)exist n = live n靠……生存(2)existence n.存在,生存cme int existence出现;产生They exist n very little mney.他们靠很少的钱生活。N ne knws when such a custm first came int existence.没有人知道这种风俗是何时开始形成的。N strng evidence fr its existence has ever been fund.还没有找到它存在的有力证据。
11.They refuse t learn r ignre what is said because f wh the speaker/writer is.(Page 53)他们因为说话人或是作者的身份而拒绝学习或忽视别人说的话。【词汇精讲】ignre用作动词,意为“忽视;置之不理”。He cmpletely ignred all these facts as thugh they never existed.他完全无视这些事实,好像它们根本不存在似的。If yu ignre yur diet,truble will fllw.如果你忽视自己的饮食,你就会遇到麻烦。
【词汇拓展】ignre sb’s advice/suggestins忽视某人的建议ignre sb’s warning忽视某人的警告ignre sb无视某人When I saw Smith,I stpped and smiled at him,but he ignred me and walked n.当看到史密斯时,我停下来朝他笑了笑,但是他却没理我而继续往前走。
12.Active learners d nt judge peple based n first impressins r persnal feelings.(Page 53)积极的学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断一个人。【词汇精讲】impressin用作名词,意为“印象;感想”。First impressin is nt always right.第一印象并不总是对的。My first impressin f him was that he was a kind and thughtful yung man.我对他的第一印象是他是一个既善良又体贴的年轻人。
【词汇拓展】(1)first impressin第一印象leave/make a gd/strng/deep impressin n sb给某人留下好的/深刻的印象(2)impress vt.打动;留下印象impress sth n/upn sb让某人意识到;让某人了解be impressed with/by对……印象深刻impressive adj.令人印象深刻的
He made a gd impressin n me.他给我留下了一个很好的印象。I think what impresses me abut his painting is the clurs he uses.我认为,他的画让我印象深刻的是他使用的色彩。The beauty f the park is impressive.公园之美让人印象深刻。The teacher impressed the imprtance f English n/upn me.老师让我意识到了英语的重要性。I was impressed with/by his wrds.我对他的话印象深刻。
If yu try t find ut the surce f an idea,n matter hw crazy it seems,yu will increase yur chance f learning smething.(Page 53)如果你试图找出一个想法的来源,不管它看起来有多疯狂,你都会增加你学习的机会。【句式剖析】n matter hw引导让步状语从句,意为“无论多么;无论如何”。N matter hw well yu knw this city,it is easy t get lst.不论你多么熟悉这座城市,都容易迷路。
【句式拓展】n matter what无论什么n matter where无论哪里n matter when无论何时n matter wh无论谁
动词-ing形式或不定式作宾语非谓语动词中的动词-ing形式或不定式在句子中可以作宾语。动词-ing形式作宾语常表示经常性的动作或正在进行的动作,而动词不定式作宾语,一般表示一次性的动作或将来的动作。在很多情况下,两者可以通用,但在使用时要注意一些特殊的规则。
1.下列动词或词组后一般用动词-ing形式作宾语:cnsider,suggest,advise,lk frward t,excuse,pardn,admit,pstpne,delay,fancy,avid,miss,keep,keep n,practise,deny,finish,enjy,appreciate,frbid,imagine,risk,can’t help,mind,allw,permit,escape,dislike,quit,tlerate,include,mentin,envy,stand。此外,be used t,be accustmed t,lead t,devte t,g back t,stick t,bject t,get dwn t,pay attentin t,can’t stand,give up,feel like,insist n,be busy,have difficulty(in),have a gd/wnderful/hard time (in),spend time (in),Hw abut...,What abut...,There is n sense in...等短语或句型后也要用动词-ing形式作宾语。
可以根据以下口诀记忆:避免错过少延期(avid,miss,pstpne)建议完成多练习(advise,finish,practise)喜欢想象禁不住(enjy,imagine,can’t help)承认否定与嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)He gt well-prepared fr the jb interview,fr he culdn’t risk lsing the gd pprtunity.他为这次求职面试做了充分准备,因为他不能冒险失去这次好机会。
My mther dislikes seeing yu with me.我母亲不喜欢看到我和你在一起。Yur duties include checking the pst and distributing it.你的职责包括检查和分发邮件。Whenever I mentin playing ftball,he says he’s t busy.每当我一提起踢足球,他就说他太忙。He quit smking and drinking early in his life.他早年就戒烟戒酒。The schl cannt tlerate cheating n exams.学校不容许在考试中有作弊现象。
2.下列动词一般用不定式作宾语:decide,determine,learn,want,expect,hpe,wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,ffer,prmise,chse,plan,agree,ask,beg,help,affrd,apply,arrange,demand,prepare,wish,affrd,happen,wait,threaten。为了方便记忆,我们总结了以下口诀:决心学会想希望(decide,learn,want,hpe)拒绝设法愿假装(refuse,manage,care,pretend)主动答应选计划(ffer,prmise,chse,plan)同意请求帮一帮(agree,ask,help)We agreed t meet here but s far she hasn’t turned up yet.我们约好了在这里见面,但是她到现在还没有露面。
She pretended nt t see me when I passed by.当我经过时,她假装没看见我。Bill applied t jin the plice last week,but he wasn’t tall enugh.比尔上星期申请加入警察部门,但是他不够高。There have been fewer prblems fr travellers wh chse t fly.对于选择乘飞机旅游的人来说问题更少。He decided t put an advertisement in the newspapers.他决定在报纸上登一则广告。He was very ill fr a time,but he managed t pull thrugh.有一段时间他病得很重,但他最后痊愈了。She pretended t be angry,but she was nt.她假装生气,却并未生气。
3.下列动词或词组既可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但在意义上有区别,要特别注意。
Please remember t give my best regards t yur family.请记着代我向你的家人问好。I still remember visiting the museum fr the first time.我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。Try t write better in yur exam.考试时尽量要写得更好些。Since the frnt dr wn’t pen,why nt try pening the back dr?既然前门打不开,为何不试一试打开后门呢?
4.在动词 allw,advise,permit,cnsider等后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语;如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,则用动词不定式作宾语补足语。allw/permit/advise/cnsider ding sthallw/permit/advise/cnsider sb t d sthSmking is frbidden here s we dn’t allw yu t smke.这里禁止吸烟,所以我们不允许你吸烟。We dn’t allw smking in the hall.我们不允许有人在大厅内吸烟。5.还有一类词,后接动词-ing形式和不定式意思基本相同,主要有begin,cntinue,intend,like,prefer,start等。如:D yu like playing/t play chess?你喜欢下象棋吗?He cntinued reading /t read when I spke t him.当我和他说话时,他仍在继续阅读。
6.下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deserve ding=need/want/require/deserve t be dneThe bike needs repairing/t be repaired.这辆自行车需要维修。The windw needs/requires/wants cleaning/t be cleaned.这个窗户需要擦一下。
7.不定式作动词或动词短语knw,tell,shw,understand,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss,ask,decide,wnder,find ut等的宾语时,前面常带引导词 hw,what,whether,where,when,wh等。He shwed us hw t d the wrk.(=He shwed us hw we shuld d the wrk.)他教我们怎么做这项工作。I dn’t knw what t d.(=I dn’t knw what I shuld d.)我不知道该做些什么。
Ⅰ.课文语篇填空Mst peple assume that the human brain learns all by __________ (it).But this isn’t always true.We need t train urselves t be better learners — t actively take part in the learning prcess and t reflect n __________ we have learnt.These kinds f learning behaviurs are called “active learning”.I suggest ding five things t take an active rle in yur learning.
First,listen t the uter vice.Althugh yur inner vice can be useful,it can als get in __________ way f learning.Active learners are pen-minded and tend t fcus __________ the uter vice.Secnd,argue with yur inner vice.If yu find yur inner vice difficult __________ (cntrl),yu can argue with it as mst active learners d.Be flexible in yur pinins and yu might end up __________ (agree) with the speaker /writer after all.Third,ask questins.Asking questins is the __________ (easy) way t prmte active learning.The answers will lead yu t further learning,and the very act f wrking ut questins will help yu t achieve a higher level f understanding abut the tpic.
Furth,get t the truth.Active learners d nt accept everything they learn.They attempt t find the __________ (true) at the heart f each idea.Finally,fcus n the message.Many peple refuse t learn r ignre what __________ (say) because f wh the speaker/writer is.Active learners d nt judge peple __________ (base) n first impressins r persnal feelings.Instead,they separate the message frm the messenger.
Ⅱ.概要写作根据pp.52-53课文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。参考范文Human beings are nt brn learners and here are five suggestins t be an active learner.First,active learners tend t fcus n the uter vice.Secnd,be flexible in yur pinins and yu might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.Third,asking questins is the easiest way t prmte active learning.Furth,active learners attempt t find the truth at the heart f each idea.Finally,active learners fcus n the message rather than the messenger.
Ⅲ.阅读下列单词,按照其后的宾语形式分类cnsider,affrd,suggest,apply,arrange,advise,admit,demand,delay,avid,wish,miss,keep,practise,prepare,deny,finish,happen,enjy,appreciate,wait,imagine,threaten,risk1.用动词-ing形式作宾语的动词:2.用不定式作宾语的动词:答案1.cnsider,suggest,advise,admit,delay,avid,miss,keep,practise,deny,finish,enjy,appreciate,imagine,risk2.affrd,apply,arrange,demand,wish,prepare,happen,wait,threaten
Ⅳ.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.We have planned (make) a schl radi prgramme. 答案t make2.D yu knw when (start) the party? 答案t start3.We’re cnsidering (buy) a new car. 答案buying4.She’s thinking abut (make) a phne call t her parents. 答案making
As Internet users becme mre dependent n the Internet t stre infrmatin,are peple remembering less?If yu knw yur cmputer will save infrmatin,why stre it in yur wn persnal memry,yur brain?Experts are wndering if the Internet is changing what we remember and hw.In a recent study,Prfessr Betsy Sparrw cnducted sme experiments.She and her research team wanted t knw hw the Internet was changing memry.In the first experiment,they gave peple 40 unimprtant facts t type int a cmputer.The first grup f peple understd that the cmputer wuld save the infrmatin.The secnd grup understd that the cmputer wuld nt save it.Later,the secnd grup remembered the infrmatin better.Peple in the first grup knew they culd find the infrmatin again,s they did nt try t remember it.
In anther experiment,the researchers gave peple facts t remember,and tld them where t find the infrmatin n the cmputer.The infrmatin was in a specific① cmputer flder②.Surprisingly,peple later remembered the flder lcatin③ better than the facts.When peple use the Internet,they d nt remember the infrmatin.Rather,they remember hw t find it.This is called “transactive memry (交互记忆)”.
Accrding t Sparrw,we are nt becming peple with pr memries as a result f the Internet.Instead,cmputer users are develping strnger transactive memries;that is,peple are learning hw t rganise huge quantities f④ infrmatin s that they are able t find it at a later date.This desn’t mean we are becming either mre r less intelligent,but there is n dubt that the way we use memry is changing.
词海拾贝①specific adj.特定的;明确的②flder n.文件夹③lcatin n.位置④huge quantities f大量的
典句欣赏Instead,cmputer users are develping strnger transactive memries;that is,peple are learning hw t rganise huge quantities f infrmatin s that they are able t find it at a later date.译文:相反,计算机用户正在培养更强的交互记忆;也就是说,人们正在学习如何组织大量的信息,以便以后能够找到这些信息。分析:句中的“hw t rganise huge quantities f infrmatin s that they are able t find it at a later date”是“疑问词+不定式”结构作learn的宾语。“s that they are able t find it at a later date”是目的状语从句。
探究思辨1.Why des the passage begin with tw questins?2.What can we learn abut the first experiment?答案1.T intrduce the main first grup did nt try t remember the infrmatin.
Sectin A TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
1.gemetry n. 2.autmatic adj. 3.inner adj. 4.uter adj. 5.dinsaur n. 6.data n.
几何(学) 自动的;无意识的 内部的 外部的,外面的 恐龙 资料;数据
7. n.方法 8. n.搭档,同伴 9. vi.& vt.仔细思考;表达(意见);反映 10. vi.争论,争吵 11. vt.认为;假定,假设 12. adj.灵活的,可变通的 13. vt.促进,增进 14. adj.不大可能的 15. vi.存在;实际上有 16. vt.忽视;置之不理 17. n.印象;感想
apprach partner reflect argue assumeflexible prmte unlikely exist ignre impressin
1. 温习,复习 2. 思考 3. 争吵 4. 最后;最终 5. 弄懂某事物;计算出 6. 总而言之;简单地说 7. 尝试 8. 在……的中心 9. 以……为根据
brush up (n) reflect n argue with end up ding wrk ut in shrt attempt t at the heart f ... be based n...
If yu try t find ut the surce f an idea,n matter hw crazy it seems,yu will increase yur chance f learning smething.如果你试图找出一个想法的来源,不管它看起来有多疯狂,你都会增加你学习的机会。
动词-ing形式或不定式作宾语
Ⅱ.阅读导学A.阅读pp.52-53课文,判断正(T)误(F)1.Inner vice is imprtant fr active questins is the easiest way t satisfy yur curius is helpful in active learners attempt t find the truth rather than accept everything that is learners tend t ignre what is said because f wh the speaker/writer learners usually separate the message frm the messenger.
答案A.1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.T
B.阅读pp.52-53课文,选出正确答案1.Which f the fllwing is NOT true accrding t Paragraph 1?A.Human beings are brn gd are trained t be better learners reflect n what they have part in the learning prcess actively is active learning.
2.If yu want t be an active learner,which f the fllwing yu shuld d?A.Fllw yur inner with yur uter t cntrl yur inner mre n yur inner vice than yur uter vice.
3.What is the structure f the passage?
Ⅲ.阅读下列句子,用所给单词的适当形式填空1.We need (train) urselves t be better learners. 2.I suggest (d) five things t take an active rle in yur learning. 3.If yu keep (pay) t much attentin t yur inner vice,yu risk (miss) imprtant infrmatin. 4.Be flexible in yur pinins and yu might end up (agree) with the speaker. 5.The answers will lead yu t further learning,and the very act f (wrk) ut questins will help yu t achieve a higher level f (understand) abut the tpic.
understanding
6.They attempt (find) the truth at the heart f each idea. 7.If yu try (find) ut the surce f an idea,n matter hw crazy it seems,yu will increase yur chance f (learn) smething. 8.They refuse (learn) r ignre what is said because f wh the speaker/writer is. 9.It is true that we cannt help (dislike) sme peple—this is human nature,after all.
1.What is yur learning apprach t it?(Page 50)你学习它的方法是什么?【词汇精讲】apprach在本句中用作名词,意为“方法”;除此之外还可表示“靠近;路径”。apprach还可用作动词,意为“靠近,接近;着手处理”。Facing up t yur prblems rather than running away frm them is the best apprach t wrking things ut.敢于面对你的问题而不逃避是解决问题的最好的方法。She hadn’t heard his apprach and jumped as the dr pened.她没有听见他走近的声音,所以门开时吓了一跳。
All the appraches t the city were blcked.通往这个城市的所有道路都被封锁了。The time is appraching when we will have t leave.我们必须离开的时刻越来越近了。There are several ways f appraching the prblem.处理这个问题有好几种方法。
【词汇拓展】(1)with the apprach f随着……的来临the apprach t (ding) sth做……的方法(2)apprach表示“方法”时,其后往往接介词t,类似的还有:the answer t the questin问题的答案the key t the dr门的钥匙the slutin t sth解决……的办法
2.t reflect n (Page 52) 思考【词汇精讲】reflect用作动词,意为“仔细思考;表达(意见);反映”,还可表示“反射”。Yur perfrmance as a student will be excellent if yu develp a habit f reflecting n hw yu learn.作为学生,如果你养成思考如何学习的习惯,你的表现会非常好。The letter reflects hw he really thinks.这封信反映了他的真实想法。His music reflects his interest in African culture.他的音乐反映了他对非洲文化的兴趣。The mn reflects the sunlight.月亮反射太阳光。
【词汇拓展】reflect n思考reflectin n.倒影;深思;反映He admired his reflectin in the mirrr.他欣赏着自己在镜中的影像。Yur chice f clthes is a reflectin f yur persnality.你对衣服的选择正是你个性的反映。
3.Argue with yur inner vice (Page 52) 与你内心的声音争论【词汇精讲】argue用作动词,意为“争论,争吵”。I find it hard t argue with him abut/ver the tpic.我发现很难跟他争论这个话题。【词汇拓展】(1)argue fr/against sth支持/反对某事argue with sb abut/ver sth与某人就某事进行争论(2)argument n.争论;争吵;论据;论点;辩论have an argument with sb和某人争吵heated argument激烈的争论win/lse an argument辩论赢了/输了
I argue against thrwing traditin away.我反对丢弃传统。Hw wuld yu like t supprt yur argument?你要如何来证明你的论点?There are strng arguments fr and against the plan.支持和反对这一计划的人都有强有力的论据。We had an argument with the waiter abut the bill.我们和服务员就账单发生了争吵。
4.Mst peple assume that the human brain is set n “autmatic”—that means it learns all by itself.(Page 52)大多数人认为人类的大脑是“自动”的——那就是说它可以自己学习。【词汇精讲】assume用作动词,意为“认为;假定,假设”。Let us assume the statement t be crrect.让我们设想这个说法是正确的。We can’t assume anything in this case.在这种情况下,我们无法作任何揣测。I assumed that he had gne fr a walk.我想他去散步了。It is assumed that the ecnmy will cntinue t imprve.人们认为经济会持续改善。Assuming that he desn’t agree t ur plan,what shall we d?假如他不同意我们的计划,我们该怎么办?
【词汇拓展】(1) be认为……是……assume that...假定/认为……It is assumed that...人们认为……assuming (that)假定……(2)assumptin n.假设;假定It was impssible t make assumptins abut peple’s reactins.臆断人们的反应是不可能的。His actins were based n a false assumptin.他的行为是基于错误的设想。
5.Be flexible in yur pinins and yu might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.(Page 53)观点灵活一些,最终,你也许会同意说话人或是作者的观点。【词汇精讲】end up ding是固定词组,意为“最后;最终”。At first they hated each ther,but they ended up getting married.他们起初相互厌恶,但最后却成了夫妻。He ate t much during the hliday and ended up gaining weight.他在假期吃得太多,结果体重增加了。
【词汇拓展】end up with以……结束end up as最终成为……end up in以……收场But many f us end up with jbs like that.但我们当中的许多人最后找到的就是那样的工作。
6.Asking questins is the easiest way t prmte active learning.(Page 53)提出问题是促进主动学习的最简单的方法。【词汇精讲】prmte用作动词,意为“促进,增进”,还可以表示“推广,宣传;促销”。The car cmpany has made a lt f advertisements n TV t prmte their latest prducts.这家汽车公司已经在电视上做了大量广告促销他们的最新产品。The gvernment is trying t d smething t prmte better understanding between the tw cuntries.政府正在努力采取措施促进两国间更好的了解。The yung sldier was/gt prmted fr his bravery in the war.那位年轻的士兵因为作战中表现出的英勇而得到提升。
【词汇拓展】prmtin n.晋升;促进;促销The new jb is a prmtin fr him.这一新职务对他是晋升。Her jb is mainly cncerned with sales and prmtin.她主要负责销售和广告宣传方面。
7.The answers will lead yu t further learning,and the very act f wrking ut questins will help yu t achieve a higher level f understanding abut the tpic.(Page 53)答案会引导你进一步的学习,而解决问题的行为会帮助你获得对主题更高层次的理解。【词汇精讲】wrk ut是固定词组,意为“弄懂某事物;计算出”。The little by can’t wrk ut the meaning f this pem.这个小男孩弄不懂这首诗的含义。I can’t wrk ut the cst f the trip.我算不出这次旅行所需的费用。
【词汇拓展】wrk ut还可以表示“进展顺利;解决;锻炼”。We had wanted t finish ur task by nn,but it didn’t quite wrk ut.我们本想在中午前完成我们的任务,但是没做到。D yu knw hw t wrk ut the prblem?你知道如何解决这个问题吗?He ges t the club t wrk ut twice a week.他每周去那家俱乐部健身两次。
8.They attempt t find the truth at the heart f each idea.(Page 53)他们努力从每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。【词汇精讲】attempt可用作动词或名词,意为“尝试,努力,试图”。He didn’t pass the exam at his first attempt,but it was a gd attempt.第一次尝试他虽然没及格,但这是一次很好的尝试。
【词汇拓展】attempt t d sth试图做某事make an attempt试图;努力at ne’s first attempt第一次尝试They made an attempt t escape but failed.他们企图逃跑,但没有成功。They are attempting t climb the steepest part f the muntain.他们正努力攀登这座山最陡的部分。
9.Even when an idea sunds entirely unlikely,there may be an aspect f it that is based n truth.(Page 53)即使一个想法听起来完全不可能,其中也许有某个方面是基于事实的。【词汇精讲1】unlikely意为“不大可能的”,用作形容词。The prject seemed unlikely t succeed.这个项目似乎难以成功。It’s mst unlikely that she’ll arrive befre seven.她最不可能在七点前到达。They have built htels in the mst unlikely places.他们把旅馆建在最冷门的地方。
【词汇拓展1】(1)be unlikely t d sth...不可能做某事It is/was unlikely that...不可能……(2)likely adj.可能的be likely t d sth...有可能做某事It is/was likely that...很有可能……She is likely t ring me tnight.她今晚可能给我打电话。It is likely that she’ll win the match.她可能赢得这场比赛。
【词汇精讲2】be based n是固定词组,意为“以……为根据”。The prgress f the sciety is based n harmny.社会的进步建立在和谐的基础之上。This nvel is based n histrical facts.这部小说是以历史事实为根据的。A gd marriage is based n trust.美满的婚姻是建立在信任的基础上的。
【词汇拓展2】base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础 n.底部;根据;总部以……为基础She based the stry n her wn experience.她根据自己的亲身经历写出了这个故事。They based the cmpany in Beijing.他们将公司的总部设在北京。The lamp has a heavy base.这个台灯底座很沉。The base f the cmpany is in Shanghai,but there are branches all ver the cuntry.公司总部在上海,但在全国都有分公司。
10.S if smene says that dinsaurs still exist tday,think abut why they believe this.(Page 53)所以如果有人说现在仍然存在恐龙,想想为什么他们相信这个。【词汇精讲】exist 用作动词,意为“存在;实际上有”。D yu think life exists n Mars?你认为火星上存在生命吗?
【词汇拓展】(1)exist n = live n靠……生存(2)existence n.存在,生存cme int existence出现;产生They exist n very little mney.他们靠很少的钱生活。N ne knws when such a custm first came int existence.没有人知道这种风俗是何时开始形成的。N strng evidence fr its existence has ever been fund.还没有找到它存在的有力证据。
11.They refuse t learn r ignre what is said because f wh the speaker/writer is.(Page 53)他们因为说话人或是作者的身份而拒绝学习或忽视别人说的话。【词汇精讲】ignre用作动词,意为“忽视;置之不理”。He cmpletely ignred all these facts as thugh they never existed.他完全无视这些事实,好像它们根本不存在似的。If yu ignre yur diet,truble will fllw.如果你忽视自己的饮食,你就会遇到麻烦。
【词汇拓展】ignre sb’s advice/suggestins忽视某人的建议ignre sb’s warning忽视某人的警告ignre sb无视某人When I saw Smith,I stpped and smiled at him,but he ignred me and walked n.当看到史密斯时,我停下来朝他笑了笑,但是他却没理我而继续往前走。
12.Active learners d nt judge peple based n first impressins r persnal feelings.(Page 53)积极的学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断一个人。【词汇精讲】impressin用作名词,意为“印象;感想”。First impressin is nt always right.第一印象并不总是对的。My first impressin f him was that he was a kind and thughtful yung man.我对他的第一印象是他是一个既善良又体贴的年轻人。
【词汇拓展】(1)first impressin第一印象leave/make a gd/strng/deep impressin n sb给某人留下好的/深刻的印象(2)impress vt.打动;留下印象impress sth n/upn sb让某人意识到;让某人了解be impressed with/by对……印象深刻impressive adj.令人印象深刻的
He made a gd impressin n me.他给我留下了一个很好的印象。I think what impresses me abut his painting is the clurs he uses.我认为,他的画让我印象深刻的是他使用的色彩。The beauty f the park is impressive.公园之美让人印象深刻。The teacher impressed the imprtance f English n/upn me.老师让我意识到了英语的重要性。I was impressed with/by his wrds.我对他的话印象深刻。
If yu try t find ut the surce f an idea,n matter hw crazy it seems,yu will increase yur chance f learning smething.(Page 53)如果你试图找出一个想法的来源,不管它看起来有多疯狂,你都会增加你学习的机会。【句式剖析】n matter hw引导让步状语从句,意为“无论多么;无论如何”。N matter hw well yu knw this city,it is easy t get lst.不论你多么熟悉这座城市,都容易迷路。
【句式拓展】n matter what无论什么n matter where无论哪里n matter when无论何时n matter wh无论谁
动词-ing形式或不定式作宾语非谓语动词中的动词-ing形式或不定式在句子中可以作宾语。动词-ing形式作宾语常表示经常性的动作或正在进行的动作,而动词不定式作宾语,一般表示一次性的动作或将来的动作。在很多情况下,两者可以通用,但在使用时要注意一些特殊的规则。
1.下列动词或词组后一般用动词-ing形式作宾语:cnsider,suggest,advise,lk frward t,excuse,pardn,admit,pstpne,delay,fancy,avid,miss,keep,keep n,practise,deny,finish,enjy,appreciate,frbid,imagine,risk,can’t help,mind,allw,permit,escape,dislike,quit,tlerate,include,mentin,envy,stand。此外,be used t,be accustmed t,lead t,devte t,g back t,stick t,bject t,get dwn t,pay attentin t,can’t stand,give up,feel like,insist n,be busy,have difficulty(in),have a gd/wnderful/hard time (in),spend time (in),Hw abut...,What abut...,There is n sense in...等短语或句型后也要用动词-ing形式作宾语。
可以根据以下口诀记忆:避免错过少延期(avid,miss,pstpne)建议完成多练习(advise,finish,practise)喜欢想象禁不住(enjy,imagine,can’t help)承认否定与嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)He gt well-prepared fr the jb interview,fr he culdn’t risk lsing the gd pprtunity.他为这次求职面试做了充分准备,因为他不能冒险失去这次好机会。
My mther dislikes seeing yu with me.我母亲不喜欢看到我和你在一起。Yur duties include checking the pst and distributing it.你的职责包括检查和分发邮件。Whenever I mentin playing ftball,he says he’s t busy.每当我一提起踢足球,他就说他太忙。He quit smking and drinking early in his life.他早年就戒烟戒酒。The schl cannt tlerate cheating n exams.学校不容许在考试中有作弊现象。
2.下列动词一般用不定式作宾语:decide,determine,learn,want,expect,hpe,wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,ffer,prmise,chse,plan,agree,ask,beg,help,affrd,apply,arrange,demand,prepare,wish,affrd,happen,wait,threaten。为了方便记忆,我们总结了以下口诀:决心学会想希望(decide,learn,want,hpe)拒绝设法愿假装(refuse,manage,care,pretend)主动答应选计划(ffer,prmise,chse,plan)同意请求帮一帮(agree,ask,help)We agreed t meet here but s far she hasn’t turned up yet.我们约好了在这里见面,但是她到现在还没有露面。
She pretended nt t see me when I passed by.当我经过时,她假装没看见我。Bill applied t jin the plice last week,but he wasn’t tall enugh.比尔上星期申请加入警察部门,但是他不够高。There have been fewer prblems fr travellers wh chse t fly.对于选择乘飞机旅游的人来说问题更少。He decided t put an advertisement in the newspapers.他决定在报纸上登一则广告。He was very ill fr a time,but he managed t pull thrugh.有一段时间他病得很重,但他最后痊愈了。She pretended t be angry,but she was nt.她假装生气,却并未生气。
3.下列动词或词组既可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但在意义上有区别,要特别注意。
Please remember t give my best regards t yur family.请记着代我向你的家人问好。I still remember visiting the museum fr the first time.我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。Try t write better in yur exam.考试时尽量要写得更好些。Since the frnt dr wn’t pen,why nt try pening the back dr?既然前门打不开,为何不试一试打开后门呢?
4.在动词 allw,advise,permit,cnsider等后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语;如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,则用动词不定式作宾语补足语。allw/permit/advise/cnsider ding sthallw/permit/advise/cnsider sb t d sthSmking is frbidden here s we dn’t allw yu t smke.这里禁止吸烟,所以我们不允许你吸烟。We dn’t allw smking in the hall.我们不允许有人在大厅内吸烟。5.还有一类词,后接动词-ing形式和不定式意思基本相同,主要有begin,cntinue,intend,like,prefer,start等。如:D yu like playing/t play chess?你喜欢下象棋吗?He cntinued reading /t read when I spke t him.当我和他说话时,他仍在继续阅读。
6.下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deserve ding=need/want/require/deserve t be dneThe bike needs repairing/t be repaired.这辆自行车需要维修。The windw needs/requires/wants cleaning/t be cleaned.这个窗户需要擦一下。
7.不定式作动词或动词短语knw,tell,shw,understand,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss,ask,decide,wnder,find ut等的宾语时,前面常带引导词 hw,what,whether,where,when,wh等。He shwed us hw t d the wrk.(=He shwed us hw we shuld d the wrk.)他教我们怎么做这项工作。I dn’t knw what t d.(=I dn’t knw what I shuld d.)我不知道该做些什么。
Ⅰ.课文语篇填空Mst peple assume that the human brain learns all by __________ (it).But this isn’t always true.We need t train urselves t be better learners — t actively take part in the learning prcess and t reflect n __________ we have learnt.These kinds f learning behaviurs are called “active learning”.I suggest ding five things t take an active rle in yur learning.
First,listen t the uter vice.Althugh yur inner vice can be useful,it can als get in __________ way f learning.Active learners are pen-minded and tend t fcus __________ the uter vice.Secnd,argue with yur inner vice.If yu find yur inner vice difficult __________ (cntrl),yu can argue with it as mst active learners d.Be flexible in yur pinins and yu might end up __________ (agree) with the speaker /writer after all.Third,ask questins.Asking questins is the __________ (easy) way t prmte active learning.The answers will lead yu t further learning,and the very act f wrking ut questins will help yu t achieve a higher level f understanding abut the tpic.
Furth,get t the truth.Active learners d nt accept everything they learn.They attempt t find the __________ (true) at the heart f each idea.Finally,fcus n the message.Many peple refuse t learn r ignre what __________ (say) because f wh the speaker/writer is.Active learners d nt judge peple __________ (base) n first impressins r persnal feelings.Instead,they separate the message frm the messenger.
Ⅱ.概要写作根据pp.52-53课文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。参考范文Human beings are nt brn learners and here are five suggestins t be an active learner.First,active learners tend t fcus n the uter vice.Secnd,be flexible in yur pinins and yu might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.Third,asking questins is the easiest way t prmte active learning.Furth,active learners attempt t find the truth at the heart f each idea.Finally,active learners fcus n the message rather than the messenger.
Ⅲ.阅读下列单词,按照其后的宾语形式分类cnsider,affrd,suggest,apply,arrange,advise,admit,demand,delay,avid,wish,miss,keep,practise,prepare,deny,finish,happen,enjy,appreciate,wait,imagine,threaten,risk1.用动词-ing形式作宾语的动词:2.用不定式作宾语的动词:答案1.cnsider,suggest,advise,admit,delay,avid,miss,keep,practise,deny,finish,enjy,appreciate,imagine,risk2.affrd,apply,arrange,demand,wish,prepare,happen,wait,threaten
Ⅳ.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.We have planned (make) a schl radi prgramme. 答案t make2.D yu knw when (start) the party? 答案t start3.We’re cnsidering (buy) a new car. 答案buying4.She’s thinking abut (make) a phne call t her parents. 答案making
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