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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 5 Poems学案及答案
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 5 Poems学案及答案，共21页。
背景导学
Anyne can write a baby pem, and everyne enjys reading it, the yung and the ld. Baby shwer(送礼聚会) pems can have rhythm and rhyme, but they certainly dn’t have t. Pems can be either lng r shrt, but shrt pems are prbably best fr yur typical baby shwer needs. Yu can add a little humr as well!
The peple wh are mst ften tuched by baby shwer pems are thse wh have had children themselves. Sweet pems can remind them f the time when their little nes were still yung. N ne will appreciate them mre than the family members themselves. If yu are a creative writer r have a special talent fr putting wrds tgether in a special way, then yu shuld try writing yur wn baby shwer pems. This wuld make a great gift as well.
If yu decide t write yur wn baby pems, even cmmn things can inspire yu. Inspiratin can be fund anywhere. Lk back n yur wn memries frm the past. What was special abut yur childhd? What special bjects have yu treasured ver the years? What wrds f wisdm (智慧) culd yu pass n t the next generatin? Lk arund the huse and imagine a baby being there. What d yu see, hear, r feel? Let thse thughts be the surces f yur best baby pems.
When writing a baby pem, yu d nt have t write like Shakespeare, and yu just have t be sincere. When the baby grws up, yu can think f hw special they will feel knwing the wrds are just fr them.
If yu are nt the creative type-dn’t wrry! There are lts f places nline where yu can lk fr pems saying just the things yu want t say. Pems have been written n all subjects thrughut the ages, and baby shwer pems are n exceptin. A quick search nline desn’t have t take any time at all.
1.In the authr’s pinin, baby shwer pems .
A.all have a little humr in them
B.are nt suitable fr adults t enjy
C.dn’t have t have rhythm r rhyme
D.must be shrt enugh t meet babies’ needs
答案： C
2.What des Paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A.Advice frm famus pets n writing pems.
B.Wrds that can be used in baby pems.
C.Different ways f writing baby pems.
D.Inspiratin fr writing baby pems.
答案： D
3.Accrding t Paragraph 4, a baby pem shuld sund .
答案： B
Sectin Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. srrw /'sɒrəʊ/n. 悲伤; 悲痛; 伤心事vi. 感到悲伤→ srrwful /'sɒrəʊfl/adj. 悲伤的; 悲哀的
2. literary /'lɪtərəri/adj. 文学的; 爱好文学的; 有文学作品特征的→ literature /lɪtrətʃə(r)/n.文学; 著作
3. recite /rɪ'saɪt/vt. 背诵; 吟诵; 列举→ recitatin /resɪ'teɪʃn/n. 朗读; 朗诵
4. respective /rɪ'spektɪv/adj. 分别的; 各自的→ respectively /rɪ'spektɪvli/adv. 分别; 各自; 依次为
5. cmprehensin /kɒmprɪ'henʃn/n. 理解力; 领悟力; 理解练习→ cmprehend /kɒmprɪ'hend/v. 理解; 领悟→ cmprehensible /kɒmprɪ'hensəbl/adj. 可理解的; 能懂的
6. civilian /sə'vɪliən/n. 平民; 老百姓→ civil /'sɪvl/adj. 平民的; 国民的
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1.nursery rhyme 童谣; 儿歌
2.t the pint 简明恰当的; 简洁中肯的
3.be made up f 由……组成(构成)
4.cnsist f 由……组成
5.in particular 尤其; 特别
6.quite a few 相当多; 不少
7.in spite f 不管; 尽管
8.与……相比 cmpare…with
9.表达自己的想法 express neself
10.讲得通; 有意义 make sense
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
2.
文本互动·合作探究
Ⅰ. 文本理解
1.Reading fr the main idea.
What’s the main idea f the text?
A.T tell us the reasns why peple cmpse petry.
B.T intrduce a few simple frms f English pems.
C.T explain what rhyme and rhythm are.
D.T encurage peple t try t cmpse pems.
答案：B
2.Reading fr the structure.
Fill in the fllwing blanks with prper wrds.
3.Reading fr the details.
1.Hw many frms f pems des the passage talk abut?
答案： D
2.Why d pets cmpse petry？
A.T describe a certain image r cnvey certain feelings.
B.T catch mre peple’s attentin.
C.T make himself r herself understd.
D.T practice his r her writing skills.
答案： A
3.Which tw pems have rhyming wrds?
A.Pem A and Pem B.Pem E and Pem F.
C.Pem C and Pem D.Pem B and Pem E.
答案： A
4.Which f the fllwing is nt mentined in Pem E?
A.A butterfly.B.A blssm.
C.A child.D.A branch.
答案： C
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1.One f the simplest kinds f pem is the “list pem”, ① which cntains a list f things, peple, ideas, r descriptins ② that develp a particular theme .
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。其中①为which引导的非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词list pem,②为 that 引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词things, peple, ideas r descriptins。
【译文】最简单的诗歌之一是“清单诗”, 它包含一份有关事物、人物、想法或描述性内容的清单, 形成一个特定主题。
2.Anther simple frm f pem ① that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, ② which is made up f five lines .
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。其中①为that引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词pem,②为which引导的非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词 cinquain 。【译文】另一种业余爱好者很容易就能写出来的形式简单的诗是五行诗, 它由五行组成。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Questin Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1.What are the characteristics f nursery rhymes?
They rhyme, have a strng rhythm and ften repeat the same wrds. Althugh they may nt make sense, they are easy t learn and recite.
2.Is the list pem ne f the simplest kinds f pem?
Yes. The list pem is ne f the simplest kinds f pem.
3.What are the characteristics f the list pem?
The list pem has a flexible line length and repeated phrases.
4.Hw many lines is cinquain made up f?
Cinquain is made up f five lines.
5.What des cinquain cnvey?
It cnveys a strng picture r a certain md in just a few wrds.
6.Is haiku a frm f English petry?
N. Haiku is a Japanese frm f petry.
7.Hw many syllables des haiku cnsist f?
Haiku cnsists f 17 syllables.
8.What are the characteristics f haiku?
It can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few wrds.
9.Has Tang petry been translated int English?
Yes, a lt f Tang petry has been translated int English.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
1.用定语从句合并上文第2、3句。
The list pem, which has a flexible line length and repeated phrases, is ne f the simplest kinds f pem.
2.用非谓语动词合并上文第4、5句。
Cinquain, made up f five lines, cnveys a strng picture r a certain md in just a few wrds.
3.用同位语和非谓语动词合并上文第6、7、8句。
Haiku, a Japanese frm f petry, gives a clear picture and creates a special feeling using very few wrds, cnsisting f 17 syllables.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
Here are a few simple frms f English pems. Nursery rhymes rhyme, have a strng rhythm and ften repeat the same wrds. Althugh they may nt make sense, they are easy t learn and recite. The list pem, which has a flexible line length and repeated phrases, is ne f the simplest kinds f pem. Cinquain, made up f five lines, cnveys a strng picture r a certain md in just a few wrds. Haiku, a Japanese frm f petry, gives a clear picture and creates a special feeling using very few wrds, cnsisting f 17 syllables. A lt f Tang petry has been translated int English.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. srrw n.悲伤; 悲痛; 伤心事vi. 感到悲伤
Others try t cnvey certain feelings such as jy and srrw. 另一些诗歌试图表达特定的情感, 如喜悦和悲伤。(教材P50)
典例翻译
①He expressed his srrw at the news f her death.
听到她的死讯, 他表示哀伤。
②T his srrw, his whle huse was destryed in the earthquake.
令他悲伤的是, 他的整座房子在地震中被毁掉了。
③They said that the decisin was made mre in srrw than in anger.
他们说作出这个决定, 与其说是出于气愤, 不如说是出于悲伤。
④Her friend was srrwing ver the lss f a child.
她的朋友在为失去孩子感到悲痛。
⑤She lked at him with srrwful eyes.
她用悲伤的目光看着他。
归纳拓展
1.（1）表达悲伤 express ne’s srrw
令某人伤心的是 t ne’s srrw
(对某事)悲哀多于愤怒 mre in srrw than in anger
（2）为……而悲伤 srrw ver
（3）adj.悲伤的, 悲痛的 srrwful
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①His father’s face lked suddenly sft and srrwful (srrw).
② T ur great srrw, he died at his pst.
（2）完成句子
③该国降半旗以表达对地震死难者的悲痛。
The cuntry lwered its flag t half-mast t express srrw fr peple wh died in the earthquake.
2. t the pint简明恰当的; 简洁中肯的The language f these rhymes, like Pem A, is t the pint but has a stryline. 这些童谣(如诗歌A)的语言简单明了, 但带有故事情节。(教材P50)
典例翻译
①I’ll cme straight t the pint: we need mre mney.
我就直说吧：我们还需要钱。
②I think yu’ve missed the pint.
我想你没听懂重点。
③I’m afraid what yu’re saying nw is ff the pint.
恐怕你现在说的跑题了。
④There’s n pint in getting angry.
发火是没有用的。
⑤I was n the pint f giving up the search when smething caught my eye in the bushes.
我正要放弃搜索时突然注意到灌木丛中有什么东西。
归纳拓展
（1）直奔主题 cme/get straight t the pint
没有理解要点 miss the pint
跑题 ff the pint
（2）做某事没有用/没有意义 There’s n pint in ding sth.
正要做某事(这时……) be n/at the pint f ding sth. (when…)
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Her cmments were brief and t the pint.
②The climber was n the pint f death when they fund him.
（2）单句写作
③担心是没有用的。
There’s n pint in wrrying.
3. make sense 有道理; 有意义; 讲得通; 是明智的
The pems may nt make sense and even seem cntradictry, but they are easy t learn and recite. 这些诗歌可能没什么道理, 甚至看起来自相矛盾, 但是它们容易学习和背诵。(教材P50)
典例翻译
①It makes sense t save mney while yu can.
钱能省就省, 这是明智的做法。
②She must try t make sense f what was ging n.
她必须尽量弄懂正在发生的一切。
③There’s n sense in wrrying abut it nw.
现在大可不必为那件事忧虑。
④In a sense, behavir cannt develp independently f the envirnment.
在某种意义上, 行为不能独立于环境而发展。
⑤In n sense can teaching in schl be separated frm practice.
学校教学决不可脱离实践。
归纳拓展
（1）(对某人来说)做某事是明智的 It makes sense (fr sb.) t d sth. 理解/弄懂某事物 make sense f sth.
（2）在某种意义上 in a sense
决不(位于句首时, 句子用部分倒装) in n sense
做某事是没有道理的 there’s n sense in ding sth.
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①See, yur cmputer has brken dwn again! It desn’t make sense t buy (buy) the cheapest cmputer just t save a few dllars.
②In a sense, the generatin gap is a sign f scial prgress, but it als results in difficulties in cmmunicatin.
（2）单句写作
③这个句子不通。
This sentence desn’t make sense.
4. be made up f 由……组成(构成)
Anther simple frm f pem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up f five lines. 另一种业余爱好者很容易就能写出来的形式简单的诗是五行诗, 它由五行组成。(教材P51)
典例翻译
①The medical team is made up f three dctrs and eight nurses.
= The medical team is cmpsed f three dctrs and eight nurses.
= The medical team cnsists f three dctrs and eight nurses.
这个医疗队由三名医生和八名护士组成。
②Farmers make up nly 30% f the ttal ppulatin f the cuntry.
农民仅占这个国家的总人口的30%。
③After all the delays, we were anxius t make up fr lst time.
耽搁了这么久, 我们急着想弥补失去的时间。
归纳拓展
（1）由……组成 be cmpsed f = cnsist f
（2）组成 make up
弥补 make up fr
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①His enthusiasm makes up fr his lack f experience.
②This is an rganizatin cnsisting (cnsist) f eight cuntries.
（2）完成句子
③我们班由52名同学组成, 他们都很友好, 也很努力。
Our class is made up f 52 students/Our class is cmpsed f 52 students/Our class cnsists f 52 students/52 students make up ur class , all f whm are friendly and hard-wrking.
5. md n.情绪; 心情; 语气With these, yu can cnvey a strng picture r a certain md in just a few wrds. 通过五行诗, 只用几句话, 你就可以传达出一幅动人的画面或表达一种特定的情绪。(教材P51)
典例翻译
①She’s in a gd md tday.
她今天心情很好。
②He was bviusly in a md.
很明显, 他心情不好。
③We really felt in the md fr a party.
我们非常想开场派对。
④I’m t tired and I am in n md t have a chat with yu.
我太累了, 没有心情和你聊天。
归纳拓展
（1）心情好/不好 be in a gd/bad md
情绪不好 be in a md
（2）有意做某事/有做某事的心情 be/feel in the md fr sth./t d sth.
没心情做某事/不想做某事 be in n md fr sth./t d sth.
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He’s been in a real md all day.
②He was in n md fr being (be) plite t visitrs.
（2）完成句子
③在户外活动了一天之后, 你应该想好好吃一顿。
After a day f utdr activities, yu shuld be in the md fr a gd meal .
6. tease vi.&vt.取笑(某人); 揶揄; 逗弄
Brther兄弟
Beautiful, athletic帅气, 爱运动
Teasing, shuting, laughing爱闹爱叫, 又爱笑(教材P51)
典例翻译
①She used t tease me abut my hair.
她过去总是取笑我的头发。
②It’s cruel t make fun f a cripple.
取笑残疾人是残忍的。
③The kids are always playing tricks n their teacher.
孩子们经常耍些花招戏弄老师。
归纳拓展
（1）就某事取笑某人 tease sb. abut sth.
（2）表示“取笑”的其他表达还有：
嘲笑某人 laugh at sb.
取笑某人 make fun f sb.
捉弄某人 play a jke/jkes n sb.
戏弄某人 play a trick/tricks n sb.
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①I used t get teased (tease) abut my name.
②She played a trick n me by telling me David was having a party when he wasn’t.
（2）完成句子
③取笑别人的体重和长相是不礼貌的。
It is implite t tease thers abut their weight and appearance .
重点句型
1.“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构
The pems may nt make sense and even seem cntradictry, but they are easy t learn and recite. 这些诗歌可能没什么道理, 甚至看起来自相矛盾, 但是它们容易学习和背诵。(教材P50)
典例翻译
①The challenging task is impssible t cmplete in such a shrt perid with s few wrkers.
这么少的工人在这么短的时间内完成这项具有挑战性的任务是不可能的。
②The mrning air in summer is s gd t breathe.
夏天早上的空气呼吸起来非常好。
③The sentence is nt easy t understand.
这个句子不容易理解。
④The chair lks rather hard, but in fact it is very cmfrtable t sit n.
这把椅子看起来很硬, 但实际上它坐上去很舒服。
归纳拓展
（1）在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构中常使用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。使用此结构需具备两个前提条件：
①形容词用来说明不定式的特征。常见的此类形容词有difficult, hard, impssible, easy, gd, cmfrtable, dangerus, pleasant等。
②此结构中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。
（2）在该结构中, 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 则必须在其后加上相应的介词。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①(2019课标全国Ⅰ)Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive t perfrm (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
②(2019北京)Credibility is hard t earn (earn) but easy t lse (lse), and the prblem is nly ging t get harder frm here n ut.
（2）单句写作
③这个房间住起来很舒服。
The rm is cmfrtable t live in.
2. 现在分词短语作状语It is easy t write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few wrds.它创作起来很容易, 就像五行诗一样, 能用很少的词描绘出一幅清晰的画面, 表达一种特殊的情感。(教材P51)
典例翻译
①Seeing my parents waving in the crwd, I went running t them.
看到我的父母在人群中挥手, 我跑向他们。
②The children ran ut f the rm, laughing and talking happily.
孩子们跑出房间, 愉快地笑着、说着话。
③Nt knwing her address, I can’t write t her.
由于不知道她的地址, 我没法给她写信。
④Taking the path that leads ut f the twn, yu will cme t a dense wd.
沿着通向郊外的小道前进, 你会来到一片茂密的树林。
⑤Thugh knwing all this, they made me pay fr the damage.
尽管知道了这一切, 他们还是让我赔偿损失。
⑥Her husband died ten years ag, leaving her three children t lk after.
她的丈夫十年前去世了, 留下三个孩子要她照顾。
⑦Jane hurried back nly t find that her mther had left.
简匆忙赶回来却发现她的母亲已经离开了。
归纳拓展
（1）现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、结果等。有时为了强调, 分词前会加when, while, if, thugh等连词。
（2）现在分词短语作结果状语表示自然而然的结果; 而不定式作结果状语表示意料之外的结果, 且常与nly 搭配使用。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①A city is the prduct f the human hand and mind, reflecting (reflect) man’s intelligence and creativity.
②He hurried t the bking ffice nly t be tld (tell) that all the tickets had been sld ut.
（2）完成句子
③新建的木制小屋沿着大街排成一排, 把旧城镇变成了梦境。
Newly-built wden cttages line the street, turning the ld twn int a dreamland .
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.He knew nthing f Greek drama (戏剧).
2.T learn mre abut Chinese culture, Jack has decided t take Chinese flk (民间的) music as an elective curse.
3.Jerry is an amateur (业余爱好者) wh dances because he feels like it.
4.The mvie captures the md (氛围)f the interwar years perfectly.
5.She used t tease (取笑) me abut my bald head.
6.The frmat (总体安排) f the new quiz shw has prved ppular.
7.The bat rcked up and dwn in rhythm (节奏) with the sea.
8.Mst f them are extremely delicate (脆弱的) and can be damaged by a simple tuch.
9.Cncern fr the envirnment is at the cre (核心) f ur plicies.
10.Write n ne side f the paper and leave the ther side blank (空白的).
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
cmpare with; express neself; nursery rhyme; t the pint; make sense; be made up f; in particular; quite a few; in spite f; transfrm…int…
1. Cmpared with letters and public phnes, mbile phnes and the Internet are faster and mre cnvenient.
2.The building needs quite a few repairs.
3.This is a well-knwn nursery rhyme which everyne recites as a child.
4.The explanatin f the wrd in this English dictinary is brief and t the pint .
5.Yung children ften have difficulty expressing themselves .
6.In the face f the epidemic, peple all ver the wrld need t wrk tgether, r the effrts f individual cuntries will never make sense .
7.English became the fficial language fr business in spite f the fact that the ppulatin was largely French.
8.Whenever a camera was pinted at her, Marilyn wuld instantly transfrm herself int an utstanding star.
9.Parents and teachers shuld in particular act as better examples fr children.
10.A Chinese team which was made up f excellent medical wrkers went t Italy t ffer assistance.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
1.
There are 1. varius (vary) reasns why peple write petry. Sme pems tell 2. a stry r describe smething in a way that will give readers a strng impressin. Others try t cnvey certain emtins. Pets use many different frms f petry t express 3. themselves (they). Sme f the first pems a yung child learns in English are nursery rhymes, 4. which may nt make sense and even seem cntradictry, but are easy 5. t learn (learn) and recite. One f the simplest kinds f pem is the “list pem” 6. with a flexible line length and repeated phrases. Anther simple frm f pem that amateurs can 7. easily (easy) write is the cinquain, which is made up f five lines. Besides, haiku is a Japanese frm f petry that cnsists f 17 syllables, 8. but it is very ppular with English writers. English speakers als enjy pems frm China, especially Tang petry. A lt f Tang petry 9. has been translated (translate) int English in the past decades. With s many different frms f petry 10. t chse (chse) frm, yu may eventually want t write pems f yur wn. Give it a try!主题学习目标
通过本单元学习了解诗歌的不同形式和内容, 了解韵律和节奏, 培养对诗歌的兴趣。
语言能力目标
核心单词
drama, srw, literary, rhyme, flk, diamnd, recite, amateur, md,
frmat, respective, delicate, cmprehensin, shelf, cre, blank, civilian,
sympathy, versin, incent, era, crespnd, sw, sed, deadline,
cntest, plish, string, cmplicated, variatin, racial, prejudice
重点词块
nurseryrhyme, bemadeupf
单元语法
复习定语从句
写作能力
根据本单元所学知识能够写一篇语言简洁、结构清晰的与诗歌有关的应用文。
教材原文
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
There are varius reasns why peple cmpse petry. Sme pems tell a stry r describe a certain image in the reader’s mind. Others try t cnvey certain feelings such as jy and srrw. The distinctive characteristics f petry ften include ecnmical use f wrds, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphrs, and arrangement f wrds, lines, rhymes, and rhythm. Pets use many different frms f petry t express themselves. Nw we will lk at a few f the simpler frms.
Sme f the first pems a yung child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually the traditinal pems r flk sngs. The language f these rhymes, like Pem A, is t the pint but has a stryline. Many children enjy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strng rhythm, and ften repeat the same wrds. The pems may nt make sense and even seem cntradictry, but they are easy t learn and recite. By playing with the wrds in nursery rhymes, children learn abut language.
A
Hush, little baby, dn’t say a wrd,
Papa’s gnna buy yu a mckingbird.
If that mckingbird wn’t sing,
Papa’s gnna buy yu a diamnd ring.
If that diamnd ring turns t brass,
Papa’s gnna buy yu a lking glass.
If that lking-glass gets brke,
Papa’s gnna buy yu a billy gat.
If that billy gat wn’t pull,
Papa’s gnna buy yu a cart and bull.
One f the simplest kinds f pem is the“list pem”, which cntains a list f things, peple, ideas, r descriptins that develp a particular theme. List pems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give bth a pattern and a rhythm t the pem. Sme rhyme (like B and C), while thers d nt.
B
Mther
Hundreds f stars in the deep blue sky,
Hundreds f shells n the shre tgether,
Hundreds f birds that g singing by,
Hundreds f bees in the sunny weather,
Hundreds f dewdrps t greet the dawn,
Hundreds f bees in the purple clver,
Hundreds f butterflies n the lawn,
But nly ne mther the wrld ver.
Gerge Cper
C
LIFE
Life can be gd,
Life can be bad,
Life is mstly cheerful,
but smetimes sad
Life can be dreams,
Life can be great thughts
Life can mean a persn,
Sitting in curt.
Anther simple frm f pem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up f five lines. With these, yu can cnvey a strng picture r a certain md in just a few wrds. Lk at the example (D).
D
Brther
Beautiful, athletic
Teasing, shuting, laughing
Friend and enemy t
Mine
Haiku is a Japanese frm f petry that cnsists f 17 syllables. It has a frmat f three lines, cntaining 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively. It is nt a traditinal frm f English petry, but is very ppular with English writers. It is easy t write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few wrds. The haiku pem (E) n the right is a translatin frm Japanese, which shws a mment in the life f a delicate butterfly.
E
A fallen blssm
Is cming back t the branch.
Lk, a butterfly!
English speakers als enjy pems frm China, thse frm the Tang Dynasty in particular. A lt f Tang petry has been translated int English, such as this ne (F).
F
Where she awaits her husband
On and n the river flws.
Never lking back,
Transfrmed int stne.
Day by day upn the muntain tp,
wind and rain revlve.
Shuld the traveller return,
this stne wuld utter speech.
Wang Jian
With s many different frms f petry t chse frm, yu may eventually want t write pems f yur wn. Give it a try!
教材译文
英文诗歌的几种简单形式
人们写诗的原因多种多样。有些诗歌讲述一个故事, 或描述读者心中的某个形象。另一些诗歌试图表达特定的情感, 如喜悦和悲伤。诗歌的显著特点通常包括精炼的用词、生动的描述性语言、整体的意象、类似明喻和暗喻等文学手法, 以及词、行、韵和节奏的编排。诗人用许多不同的诗歌形式来表达自己。现在我们来看看几个较为简单的诗歌形式。
一个孩童最早学习的一些英语诗歌是童谣, 它们通常是传统诗歌或民谣。这些童谣(如诗歌A)的语言简单明了, 但带有故事情节。许多孩子喜欢童谣是因为它们押韵、节奏感强, 且往往重复一些字眼。这些诗歌可能没什么道理, 甚至看起来自相矛盾, 但是它们容易学习和背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏, 孩子们学习了语言。
A
嘘, 小宝贝, 别说话,
爸爸给你买只知更鸟。
知更鸟, 不唱歌,
爸爸给你买枚钻石戒。
钻石戒, 变黄铜
爸爸给你买镜子。
小镜子, 摔破了,
爸爸给你买只公山羊。
公山羊, 不肯拉,
爸爸给你买架大牛车。
最简单的诗歌之一是“清单诗”, 它包含一份有关事物、人物、想法或描述性内容的清单, 形成一个特定主题。清单诗的诗行长度灵活, 且有重复的词语, 这就使得这种诗歌具有了一定的模式和节奏。有些(清单诗)押韵(如B和C), 有些则不押韵。
B
母亲
千百颗星星挂在深蓝的天空,
千百枚贝壳遍布悠长的海岸,
千百只鸟儿鸣唱着飞过,
千百只蜜蜂在阳光下穿梭,
千百滴朝露迎接黎明,
千百只蜜蜂在紫色的三叶草间嬉戏,
千百只蝴蝶在草丛翩翩起舞,
可在这茫茫的世间,
我只有一个母亲。
乔治·库珀
C
生活
生活可能很美好,
生活也可能很糟糕,
生活常常充满欢乐,
但有时令人沮丧。
生活可能是梦幻一场,
生活可能是伟大的思想
生活可能是一个人,
坐在法庭上。
另一种业余爱好者很容易就能写出来的形式简单的诗是五行诗, 它由五行组成。通过五行诗, 只用几句话, 你就可以传达出一幅动人的画面或表达一种特定的情绪。请看示例(D)。
D
兄弟
帅气, 爱运动
爱闹, 爱叫, 又爱笑
是我的朋友
也是我的敌人
俳句是日本的一种诗歌形式, 由17个音节组成。格式是三行,分别包含5个、7个和5个音节。它不是传统的英文诗歌形式, 但很受英语作家的欢迎。它创作起来很容易, 就像五行诗一样, 能用很少的词描绘出一幅清晰的画面, 表达一种特殊的情感。右边的俳句诗(E)是从日文翻译过来的, 展示了一只娇弱的蝴蝶生命中的一个瞬间。
E
凋落的花朵
正要回到树枝上瞧啊,
是只蝴蝶！说英语的人也喜欢中国的诗歌, 尤其是唐代的诗歌。许多唐诗都被翻译成了英文, 比如这首(F)。
F
望夫处,
江悠悠。
化为石,
不回头。
上头日日风复雨,
行人归来石应语。
王建
有这么多不同形式的诗歌可选, 你可能最终想写属于你自己的诗了。试一试吧！
句型公式
while表对比
教材原句
Sme rhyme(like B and C), while thers d nt. 有些(清单诗)押韵(如B和C), 有些则不押韵。
中文例句
我喜欢喝茶, 而她喜欢喝咖啡。
句式仿写
I like tea, while she likes cffee .
句型公式
with+宾语+宾语补足语
教材原句
With s many different frms f petry t chse frm, yu may eventually want t write pems f yur wn. 有这么多不同形式的诗歌可选, 你可能最终想写属于你自己的诗了。
中文例句
没有可以求助的人, 约翰只好自己解决了这个难题。
句式仿写
With n ne t turn t , Jhn had t slve the difficult prblem all by himself.
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
Types f pems
Characteristics
Nursery rhymes
Have a strng 1. rhythm .
2. Repeat the same wrds. Easy t learn and recite.
3. List pems
Have a 4. flexible line length and repeated phrases. Sme 5. rhyme while thers d nt.
cinquain
Easy t write. Made up f 6. five lines. Cnvey a strng picture r a certain 7. md .
8. Haiku
A 9. Japanese frm f petry. Made up f 10. seventeen syllables. Easy t write. Give a clear picture. Create a special feeling using very few wrds.
Tang pems
Have descriptive and vivid language.
背景导学
Anyne can write a baby pem, and everyne enjys reading it, the yung and the ld. Baby shwer(送礼聚会) pems can have rhythm and rhyme, but they certainly dn’t have t. Pems can be either lng r shrt, but shrt pems are prbably best fr yur typical baby shwer needs. Yu can add a little humr as well!
The peple wh are mst ften tuched by baby shwer pems are thse wh have had children themselves. Sweet pems can remind them f the time when their little nes were still yung. N ne will appreciate them mre than the family members themselves. If yu are a creative writer r have a special talent fr putting wrds tgether in a special way, then yu shuld try writing yur wn baby shwer pems. This wuld make a great gift as well.
If yu decide t write yur wn baby pems, even cmmn things can inspire yu. Inspiratin can be fund anywhere. Lk back n yur wn memries frm the past. What was special abut yur childhd? What special bjects have yu treasured ver the years? What wrds f wisdm (智慧) culd yu pass n t the next generatin? Lk arund the huse and imagine a baby being there. What d yu see, hear, r feel? Let thse thughts be the surces f yur best baby pems.
When writing a baby pem, yu d nt have t write like Shakespeare, and yu just have t be sincere. When the baby grws up, yu can think f hw special they will feel knwing the wrds are just fr them.
If yu are nt the creative type-dn’t wrry! There are lts f places nline where yu can lk fr pems saying just the things yu want t say. Pems have been written n all subjects thrughut the ages, and baby shwer pems are n exceptin. A quick search nline desn’t have t take any time at all.
1.In the authr’s pinin, baby shwer pems .
A.all have a little humr in them
B.are nt suitable fr adults t enjy
C.dn’t have t have rhythm r rhyme
D.must be shrt enugh t meet babies’ needs
答案： C
2.What des Paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A.Advice frm famus pets n writing pems.
B.Wrds that can be used in baby pems.
C.Different ways f writing baby pems.
D.Inspiratin fr writing baby pems.
答案： D
3.Accrding t Paragraph 4, a baby pem shuld sund .
答案： B
Sectin Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. srrw /'sɒrəʊ/n. 悲伤; 悲痛; 伤心事vi. 感到悲伤→ srrwful /'sɒrəʊfl/adj. 悲伤的; 悲哀的
2. literary /'lɪtərəri/adj. 文学的; 爱好文学的; 有文学作品特征的→ literature /lɪtrətʃə(r)/n.文学; 著作
3. recite /rɪ'saɪt/vt. 背诵; 吟诵; 列举→ recitatin /resɪ'teɪʃn/n. 朗读; 朗诵
4. respective /rɪ'spektɪv/adj. 分别的; 各自的→ respectively /rɪ'spektɪvli/adv. 分别; 各自; 依次为
5. cmprehensin /kɒmprɪ'henʃn/n. 理解力; 领悟力; 理解练习→ cmprehend /kɒmprɪ'hend/v. 理解; 领悟→ cmprehensible /kɒmprɪ'hensəbl/adj. 可理解的; 能懂的
6. civilian /sə'vɪliən/n. 平民; 老百姓→ civil /'sɪvl/adj. 平民的; 国民的
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1.nursery rhyme 童谣; 儿歌
2.t the pint 简明恰当的; 简洁中肯的
3.be made up f 由……组成(构成)
4.cnsist f 由……组成
5.in particular 尤其; 特别
6.quite a few 相当多; 不少
7.in spite f 不管; 尽管
8.与……相比 cmpare…with
9.表达自己的想法 express neself
10.讲得通; 有意义 make sense
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
2.
文本互动·合作探究
Ⅰ. 文本理解
1.Reading fr the main idea.
What’s the main idea f the text?
A.T tell us the reasns why peple cmpse petry.
B.T intrduce a few simple frms f English pems.
C.T explain what rhyme and rhythm are.
D.T encurage peple t try t cmpse pems.
答案：B
2.Reading fr the structure.
Fill in the fllwing blanks with prper wrds.
3.Reading fr the details.
1.Hw many frms f pems des the passage talk abut?
答案： D
2.Why d pets cmpse petry？
A.T describe a certain image r cnvey certain feelings.
B.T catch mre peple’s attentin.
C.T make himself r herself understd.
D.T practice his r her writing skills.
答案： A
3.Which tw pems have rhyming wrds?
A.Pem A and Pem B.Pem E and Pem F.
C.Pem C and Pem D.Pem B and Pem E.
答案： A
4.Which f the fllwing is nt mentined in Pem E?
A.A butterfly.B.A blssm.
C.A child.D.A branch.
答案： C
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1.One f the simplest kinds f pem is the “list pem”, ① which cntains a list f things, peple, ideas, r descriptins ② that develp a particular theme .
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。其中①为which引导的非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词list pem,②为 that 引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词things, peple, ideas r descriptins。
【译文】最简单的诗歌之一是“清单诗”, 它包含一份有关事物、人物、想法或描述性内容的清单, 形成一个特定主题。
2.Anther simple frm f pem ① that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, ② which is made up f five lines .
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。其中①为that引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词pem,②为which引导的非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词 cinquain 。【译文】另一种业余爱好者很容易就能写出来的形式简单的诗是五行诗, 它由五行组成。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Questin Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1.What are the characteristics f nursery rhymes?
They rhyme, have a strng rhythm and ften repeat the same wrds. Althugh they may nt make sense, they are easy t learn and recite.
2.Is the list pem ne f the simplest kinds f pem?
Yes. The list pem is ne f the simplest kinds f pem.
3.What are the characteristics f the list pem?
The list pem has a flexible line length and repeated phrases.
4.Hw many lines is cinquain made up f?
Cinquain is made up f five lines.
5.What des cinquain cnvey?
It cnveys a strng picture r a certain md in just a few wrds.
6.Is haiku a frm f English petry?
N. Haiku is a Japanese frm f petry.
7.Hw many syllables des haiku cnsist f?
Haiku cnsists f 17 syllables.
8.What are the characteristics f haiku?
It can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few wrds.
9.Has Tang petry been translated int English?
Yes, a lt f Tang petry has been translated int English.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
1.用定语从句合并上文第2、3句。
The list pem, which has a flexible line length and repeated phrases, is ne f the simplest kinds f pem.
2.用非谓语动词合并上文第4、5句。
Cinquain, made up f five lines, cnveys a strng picture r a certain md in just a few wrds.
3.用同位语和非谓语动词合并上文第6、7、8句。
Haiku, a Japanese frm f petry, gives a clear picture and creates a special feeling using very few wrds, cnsisting f 17 syllables.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
Here are a few simple frms f English pems. Nursery rhymes rhyme, have a strng rhythm and ften repeat the same wrds. Althugh they may nt make sense, they are easy t learn and recite. The list pem, which has a flexible line length and repeated phrases, is ne f the simplest kinds f pem. Cinquain, made up f five lines, cnveys a strng picture r a certain md in just a few wrds. Haiku, a Japanese frm f petry, gives a clear picture and creates a special feeling using very few wrds, cnsisting f 17 syllables. A lt f Tang petry has been translated int English.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. srrw n.悲伤; 悲痛; 伤心事vi. 感到悲伤
Others try t cnvey certain feelings such as jy and srrw. 另一些诗歌试图表达特定的情感, 如喜悦和悲伤。(教材P50)
典例翻译
①He expressed his srrw at the news f her death.
听到她的死讯, 他表示哀伤。
②T his srrw, his whle huse was destryed in the earthquake.
令他悲伤的是, 他的整座房子在地震中被毁掉了。
③They said that the decisin was made mre in srrw than in anger.
他们说作出这个决定, 与其说是出于气愤, 不如说是出于悲伤。
④Her friend was srrwing ver the lss f a child.
她的朋友在为失去孩子感到悲痛。
⑤She lked at him with srrwful eyes.
她用悲伤的目光看着他。
归纳拓展
1.（1）表达悲伤 express ne’s srrw
令某人伤心的是 t ne’s srrw
(对某事)悲哀多于愤怒 mre in srrw than in anger
（2）为……而悲伤 srrw ver
（3）adj.悲伤的, 悲痛的 srrwful
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①His father’s face lked suddenly sft and srrwful (srrw).
② T ur great srrw, he died at his pst.
（2）完成句子
③该国降半旗以表达对地震死难者的悲痛。
The cuntry lwered its flag t half-mast t express srrw fr peple wh died in the earthquake.
2. t the pint简明恰当的; 简洁中肯的The language f these rhymes, like Pem A, is t the pint but has a stryline. 这些童谣(如诗歌A)的语言简单明了, 但带有故事情节。(教材P50)
典例翻译
①I’ll cme straight t the pint: we need mre mney.
我就直说吧：我们还需要钱。
②I think yu’ve missed the pint.
我想你没听懂重点。
③I’m afraid what yu’re saying nw is ff the pint.
恐怕你现在说的跑题了。
④There’s n pint in getting angry.
发火是没有用的。
⑤I was n the pint f giving up the search when smething caught my eye in the bushes.
我正要放弃搜索时突然注意到灌木丛中有什么东西。
归纳拓展
（1）直奔主题 cme/get straight t the pint
没有理解要点 miss the pint
跑题 ff the pint
（2）做某事没有用/没有意义 There’s n pint in ding sth.
正要做某事(这时……) be n/at the pint f ding sth. (when…)
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Her cmments were brief and t the pint.
②The climber was n the pint f death when they fund him.
（2）单句写作
③担心是没有用的。
There’s n pint in wrrying.
3. make sense 有道理; 有意义; 讲得通; 是明智的
The pems may nt make sense and even seem cntradictry, but they are easy t learn and recite. 这些诗歌可能没什么道理, 甚至看起来自相矛盾, 但是它们容易学习和背诵。(教材P50)
典例翻译
①It makes sense t save mney while yu can.
钱能省就省, 这是明智的做法。
②She must try t make sense f what was ging n.
她必须尽量弄懂正在发生的一切。
③There’s n sense in wrrying abut it nw.
现在大可不必为那件事忧虑。
④In a sense, behavir cannt develp independently f the envirnment.
在某种意义上, 行为不能独立于环境而发展。
⑤In n sense can teaching in schl be separated frm practice.
学校教学决不可脱离实践。
归纳拓展
（1）(对某人来说)做某事是明智的 It makes sense (fr sb.) t d sth. 理解/弄懂某事物 make sense f sth.
（2）在某种意义上 in a sense
决不(位于句首时, 句子用部分倒装) in n sense
做某事是没有道理的 there’s n sense in ding sth.
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①See, yur cmputer has brken dwn again! It desn’t make sense t buy (buy) the cheapest cmputer just t save a few dllars.
②In a sense, the generatin gap is a sign f scial prgress, but it als results in difficulties in cmmunicatin.
（2）单句写作
③这个句子不通。
This sentence desn’t make sense.
4. be made up f 由……组成(构成)
Anther simple frm f pem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up f five lines. 另一种业余爱好者很容易就能写出来的形式简单的诗是五行诗, 它由五行组成。(教材P51)
典例翻译
①The medical team is made up f three dctrs and eight nurses.
= The medical team is cmpsed f three dctrs and eight nurses.
= The medical team cnsists f three dctrs and eight nurses.
这个医疗队由三名医生和八名护士组成。
②Farmers make up nly 30% f the ttal ppulatin f the cuntry.
农民仅占这个国家的总人口的30%。
③After all the delays, we were anxius t make up fr lst time.
耽搁了这么久, 我们急着想弥补失去的时间。
归纳拓展
（1）由……组成 be cmpsed f = cnsist f
（2）组成 make up
弥补 make up fr
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①His enthusiasm makes up fr his lack f experience.
②This is an rganizatin cnsisting (cnsist) f eight cuntries.
（2）完成句子
③我们班由52名同学组成, 他们都很友好, 也很努力。
Our class is made up f 52 students/Our class is cmpsed f 52 students/Our class cnsists f 52 students/52 students make up ur class , all f whm are friendly and hard-wrking.
5. md n.情绪; 心情; 语气With these, yu can cnvey a strng picture r a certain md in just a few wrds. 通过五行诗, 只用几句话, 你就可以传达出一幅动人的画面或表达一种特定的情绪。(教材P51)
典例翻译
①She’s in a gd md tday.
她今天心情很好。
②He was bviusly in a md.
很明显, 他心情不好。
③We really felt in the md fr a party.
我们非常想开场派对。
④I’m t tired and I am in n md t have a chat with yu.
我太累了, 没有心情和你聊天。
归纳拓展
（1）心情好/不好 be in a gd/bad md
情绪不好 be in a md
（2）有意做某事/有做某事的心情 be/feel in the md fr sth./t d sth.
没心情做某事/不想做某事 be in n md fr sth./t d sth.
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He’s been in a real md all day.
②He was in n md fr being (be) plite t visitrs.
（2）完成句子
③在户外活动了一天之后, 你应该想好好吃一顿。
After a day f utdr activities, yu shuld be in the md fr a gd meal .
6. tease vi.&vt.取笑(某人); 揶揄; 逗弄
Brther兄弟
Beautiful, athletic帅气, 爱运动
Teasing, shuting, laughing爱闹爱叫, 又爱笑(教材P51)
典例翻译
①She used t tease me abut my hair.
她过去总是取笑我的头发。
②It’s cruel t make fun f a cripple.
取笑残疾人是残忍的。
③The kids are always playing tricks n their teacher.
孩子们经常耍些花招戏弄老师。
归纳拓展
（1）就某事取笑某人 tease sb. abut sth.
（2）表示“取笑”的其他表达还有：
嘲笑某人 laugh at sb.
取笑某人 make fun f sb.
捉弄某人 play a jke/jkes n sb.
戏弄某人 play a trick/tricks n sb.
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①I used t get teased (tease) abut my name.
②She played a trick n me by telling me David was having a party when he wasn’t.
（2）完成句子
③取笑别人的体重和长相是不礼貌的。
It is implite t tease thers abut their weight and appearance .
重点句型
1.“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构
The pems may nt make sense and even seem cntradictry, but they are easy t learn and recite. 这些诗歌可能没什么道理, 甚至看起来自相矛盾, 但是它们容易学习和背诵。(教材P50)
典例翻译
①The challenging task is impssible t cmplete in such a shrt perid with s few wrkers.
这么少的工人在这么短的时间内完成这项具有挑战性的任务是不可能的。
②The mrning air in summer is s gd t breathe.
夏天早上的空气呼吸起来非常好。
③The sentence is nt easy t understand.
这个句子不容易理解。
④The chair lks rather hard, but in fact it is very cmfrtable t sit n.
这把椅子看起来很硬, 但实际上它坐上去很舒服。
归纳拓展
（1）在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构中常使用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。使用此结构需具备两个前提条件：
①形容词用来说明不定式的特征。常见的此类形容词有difficult, hard, impssible, easy, gd, cmfrtable, dangerus, pleasant等。
②此结构中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。
（2）在该结构中, 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 则必须在其后加上相应的介词。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①(2019课标全国Ⅰ)Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive t perfrm (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
②(2019北京)Credibility is hard t earn (earn) but easy t lse (lse), and the prblem is nly ging t get harder frm here n ut.
（2）单句写作
③这个房间住起来很舒服。
The rm is cmfrtable t live in.
2. 现在分词短语作状语It is easy t write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few wrds.它创作起来很容易, 就像五行诗一样, 能用很少的词描绘出一幅清晰的画面, 表达一种特殊的情感。(教材P51)
典例翻译
①Seeing my parents waving in the crwd, I went running t them.
看到我的父母在人群中挥手, 我跑向他们。
②The children ran ut f the rm, laughing and talking happily.
孩子们跑出房间, 愉快地笑着、说着话。
③Nt knwing her address, I can’t write t her.
由于不知道她的地址, 我没法给她写信。
④Taking the path that leads ut f the twn, yu will cme t a dense wd.
沿着通向郊外的小道前进, 你会来到一片茂密的树林。
⑤Thugh knwing all this, they made me pay fr the damage.
尽管知道了这一切, 他们还是让我赔偿损失。
⑥Her husband died ten years ag, leaving her three children t lk after.
她的丈夫十年前去世了, 留下三个孩子要她照顾。
⑦Jane hurried back nly t find that her mther had left.
简匆忙赶回来却发现她的母亲已经离开了。
归纳拓展
（1）现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、结果等。有时为了强调, 分词前会加when, while, if, thugh等连词。
（2）现在分词短语作结果状语表示自然而然的结果; 而不定式作结果状语表示意料之外的结果, 且常与nly 搭配使用。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①A city is the prduct f the human hand and mind, reflecting (reflect) man’s intelligence and creativity.
②He hurried t the bking ffice nly t be tld (tell) that all the tickets had been sld ut.
（2）完成句子
③新建的木制小屋沿着大街排成一排, 把旧城镇变成了梦境。
Newly-built wden cttages line the street, turning the ld twn int a dreamland .
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.He knew nthing f Greek drama (戏剧).
2.T learn mre abut Chinese culture, Jack has decided t take Chinese flk (民间的) music as an elective curse.
3.Jerry is an amateur (业余爱好者) wh dances because he feels like it.
4.The mvie captures the md (氛围)f the interwar years perfectly.
5.She used t tease (取笑) me abut my bald head.
6.The frmat (总体安排) f the new quiz shw has prved ppular.
7.The bat rcked up and dwn in rhythm (节奏) with the sea.
8.Mst f them are extremely delicate (脆弱的) and can be damaged by a simple tuch.
9.Cncern fr the envirnment is at the cre (核心) f ur plicies.
10.Write n ne side f the paper and leave the ther side blank (空白的).
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
cmpare with; express neself; nursery rhyme; t the pint; make sense; be made up f; in particular; quite a few; in spite f; transfrm…int…
1. Cmpared with letters and public phnes, mbile phnes and the Internet are faster and mre cnvenient.
2.The building needs quite a few repairs.
3.This is a well-knwn nursery rhyme which everyne recites as a child.
4.The explanatin f the wrd in this English dictinary is brief and t the pint .
5.Yung children ften have difficulty expressing themselves .
6.In the face f the epidemic, peple all ver the wrld need t wrk tgether, r the effrts f individual cuntries will never make sense .
7.English became the fficial language fr business in spite f the fact that the ppulatin was largely French.
8.Whenever a camera was pinted at her, Marilyn wuld instantly transfrm herself int an utstanding star.
9.Parents and teachers shuld in particular act as better examples fr children.
10.A Chinese team which was made up f excellent medical wrkers went t Italy t ffer assistance.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
1.
There are 1. varius (vary) reasns why peple write petry. Sme pems tell 2. a stry r describe smething in a way that will give readers a strng impressin. Others try t cnvey certain emtins. Pets use many different frms f petry t express 3. themselves (they). Sme f the first pems a yung child learns in English are nursery rhymes, 4. which may nt make sense and even seem cntradictry, but are easy 5. t learn (learn) and recite. One f the simplest kinds f pem is the “list pem” 6. with a flexible line length and repeated phrases. Anther simple frm f pem that amateurs can 7. easily (easy) write is the cinquain, which is made up f five lines. Besides, haiku is a Japanese frm f petry that cnsists f 17 syllables, 8. but it is very ppular with English writers. English speakers als enjy pems frm China, especially Tang petry. A lt f Tang petry 9. has been translated (translate) int English in the past decades. With s many different frms f petry 10. t chse (chse) frm, yu may eventually want t write pems f yur wn. Give it a try!主题学习目标
通过本单元学习了解诗歌的不同形式和内容, 了解韵律和节奏, 培养对诗歌的兴趣。
语言能力目标
核心单词
drama, srw, literary, rhyme, flk, diamnd, recite, amateur, md,
frmat, respective, delicate, cmprehensin, shelf, cre, blank, civilian,
sympathy, versin, incent, era, crespnd, sw, sed, deadline,
cntest, plish, string, cmplicated, variatin, racial, prejudice
重点词块
nurseryrhyme, bemadeupf
单元语法
复习定语从句
写作能力
根据本单元所学知识能够写一篇语言简洁、结构清晰的与诗歌有关的应用文。
教材原文
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
There are varius reasns why peple cmpse petry. Sme pems tell a stry r describe a certain image in the reader’s mind. Others try t cnvey certain feelings such as jy and srrw. The distinctive characteristics f petry ften include ecnmical use f wrds, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphrs, and arrangement f wrds, lines, rhymes, and rhythm. Pets use many different frms f petry t express themselves. Nw we will lk at a few f the simpler frms.
Sme f the first pems a yung child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually the traditinal pems r flk sngs. The language f these rhymes, like Pem A, is t the pint but has a stryline. Many children enjy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strng rhythm, and ften repeat the same wrds. The pems may nt make sense and even seem cntradictry, but they are easy t learn and recite. By playing with the wrds in nursery rhymes, children learn abut language.
A
Hush, little baby, dn’t say a wrd,
Papa’s gnna buy yu a mckingbird.
If that mckingbird wn’t sing,
Papa’s gnna buy yu a diamnd ring.
If that diamnd ring turns t brass,
Papa’s gnna buy yu a lking glass.
If that lking-glass gets brke,
Papa’s gnna buy yu a billy gat.
If that billy gat wn’t pull,
Papa’s gnna buy yu a cart and bull.
One f the simplest kinds f pem is the“list pem”, which cntains a list f things, peple, ideas, r descriptins that develp a particular theme. List pems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give bth a pattern and a rhythm t the pem. Sme rhyme (like B and C), while thers d nt.
B
Mther
Hundreds f stars in the deep blue sky,
Hundreds f shells n the shre tgether,
Hundreds f birds that g singing by,
Hundreds f bees in the sunny weather,
Hundreds f dewdrps t greet the dawn,
Hundreds f bees in the purple clver,
Hundreds f butterflies n the lawn,
But nly ne mther the wrld ver.
Gerge Cper
C
LIFE
Life can be gd,
Life can be bad,
Life is mstly cheerful,
but smetimes sad
Life can be dreams,
Life can be great thughts
Life can mean a persn,
Sitting in curt.
Anther simple frm f pem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up f five lines. With these, yu can cnvey a strng picture r a certain md in just a few wrds. Lk at the example (D).
D
Brther
Beautiful, athletic
Teasing, shuting, laughing
Friend and enemy t
Mine
Haiku is a Japanese frm f petry that cnsists f 17 syllables. It has a frmat f three lines, cntaining 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively. It is nt a traditinal frm f English petry, but is very ppular with English writers. It is easy t write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few wrds. The haiku pem (E) n the right is a translatin frm Japanese, which shws a mment in the life f a delicate butterfly.
E
A fallen blssm
Is cming back t the branch.
Lk, a butterfly!
English speakers als enjy pems frm China, thse frm the Tang Dynasty in particular. A lt f Tang petry has been translated int English, such as this ne (F).
F
Where she awaits her husband
On and n the river flws.
Never lking back,
Transfrmed int stne.
Day by day upn the muntain tp,
wind and rain revlve.
Shuld the traveller return,
this stne wuld utter speech.
Wang Jian
With s many different frms f petry t chse frm, yu may eventually want t write pems f yur wn. Give it a try!
教材译文
英文诗歌的几种简单形式
人们写诗的原因多种多样。有些诗歌讲述一个故事, 或描述读者心中的某个形象。另一些诗歌试图表达特定的情感, 如喜悦和悲伤。诗歌的显著特点通常包括精炼的用词、生动的描述性语言、整体的意象、类似明喻和暗喻等文学手法, 以及词、行、韵和节奏的编排。诗人用许多不同的诗歌形式来表达自己。现在我们来看看几个较为简单的诗歌形式。
一个孩童最早学习的一些英语诗歌是童谣, 它们通常是传统诗歌或民谣。这些童谣(如诗歌A)的语言简单明了, 但带有故事情节。许多孩子喜欢童谣是因为它们押韵、节奏感强, 且往往重复一些字眼。这些诗歌可能没什么道理, 甚至看起来自相矛盾, 但是它们容易学习和背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏, 孩子们学习了语言。
A
嘘, 小宝贝, 别说话,
爸爸给你买只知更鸟。
知更鸟, 不唱歌,
爸爸给你买枚钻石戒。
钻石戒, 变黄铜
爸爸给你买镜子。
小镜子, 摔破了,
爸爸给你买只公山羊。
公山羊, 不肯拉,
爸爸给你买架大牛车。
最简单的诗歌之一是“清单诗”, 它包含一份有关事物、人物、想法或描述性内容的清单, 形成一个特定主题。清单诗的诗行长度灵活, 且有重复的词语, 这就使得这种诗歌具有了一定的模式和节奏。有些(清单诗)押韵(如B和C), 有些则不押韵。
B
母亲
千百颗星星挂在深蓝的天空,
千百枚贝壳遍布悠长的海岸,
千百只鸟儿鸣唱着飞过,
千百只蜜蜂在阳光下穿梭,
千百滴朝露迎接黎明,
千百只蜜蜂在紫色的三叶草间嬉戏,
千百只蝴蝶在草丛翩翩起舞,
可在这茫茫的世间,
我只有一个母亲。
乔治·库珀
C
生活
生活可能很美好,
生活也可能很糟糕,
生活常常充满欢乐,
但有时令人沮丧。
生活可能是梦幻一场,
生活可能是伟大的思想
生活可能是一个人,
坐在法庭上。
另一种业余爱好者很容易就能写出来的形式简单的诗是五行诗, 它由五行组成。通过五行诗, 只用几句话, 你就可以传达出一幅动人的画面或表达一种特定的情绪。请看示例(D)。
D
兄弟
帅气, 爱运动
爱闹, 爱叫, 又爱笑
是我的朋友
也是我的敌人
俳句是日本的一种诗歌形式, 由17个音节组成。格式是三行,分别包含5个、7个和5个音节。它不是传统的英文诗歌形式, 但很受英语作家的欢迎。它创作起来很容易, 就像五行诗一样, 能用很少的词描绘出一幅清晰的画面, 表达一种特殊的情感。右边的俳句诗(E)是从日文翻译过来的, 展示了一只娇弱的蝴蝶生命中的一个瞬间。
E
凋落的花朵
正要回到树枝上瞧啊,
是只蝴蝶！说英语的人也喜欢中国的诗歌, 尤其是唐代的诗歌。许多唐诗都被翻译成了英文, 比如这首(F)。
F
望夫处,
江悠悠。
化为石,
不回头。
上头日日风复雨,
行人归来石应语。
王建
有这么多不同形式的诗歌可选, 你可能最终想写属于你自己的诗了。试一试吧！
句型公式
while表对比
教材原句
Sme rhyme(like B and C), while thers d nt. 有些(清单诗)押韵(如B和C), 有些则不押韵。
中文例句
我喜欢喝茶, 而她喜欢喝咖啡。
句式仿写
I like tea, while she likes cffee .
句型公式
with+宾语+宾语补足语
教材原句
With s many different frms f petry t chse frm, yu may eventually want t write pems f yur wn. 有这么多不同形式的诗歌可选, 你可能最终想写属于你自己的诗了。
中文例句
没有可以求助的人, 约翰只好自己解决了这个难题。
句式仿写
With n ne t turn t , Jhn had t slve the difficult prblem all by himself.
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
Types f pems
Characteristics
Nursery rhymes
Have a strng 1. rhythm .
2. Repeat the same wrds. Easy t learn and recite.
3. List pems
Have a 4. flexible line length and repeated phrases. Sme 5. rhyme while thers d nt.
cinquain
Easy t write. Made up f 6. five lines. Cnvey a strng picture r a certain 7. md .
8. Haiku
A 9. Japanese frm f petry. Made up f 10. seventeen syllables. Easy t write. Give a clear picture. Create a special feeling using very few wrds.
Tang pems
Have descriptive and vivid language.
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