高中英语北师大版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 5 Humans and natureLesson 3 Race to the Pole学案设计

这是一份高中英语北师大版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 5 Humans and natureLesson 3 Race to the Pole学案设计，共25页。

Unit 5 Humans and Nature


Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
(　　)1.rescue　　 A．n.洲，大洲；大陆
(　　)2.trap B．n.队长；组长
(　　)3.interrupt C．n.& vt.营救；救援
(　　)4.damage D．vt.估量，衡量；测量
(　　)5.measure E．adv.附近
(　　)6.captain F．n.& vt.努力，尝试，企图
(　　)7.prove G．n.伤害，损伤，损害
(　　)8.continent H．vt.打断讲话
(　　)9.attempt I．vt.困住；使陷入危险中
(　　)10.nearby J．vt.证明；证实
[答案]　1—5　CIHGD　6—10　BJAFE
B．短语匹配
(　　)1.on one's way to A．吸气
(　　)2.make progress B．用完；耗尽
(　　)3.carry on C．为……做准备
(　　)4.all the way D．取得进步
(　　)5.get into E．停止运转；出故障
(　　)6.breathe in F．在某人去某地的路上
(　　)7.in preparation for G．一路上；一直
(　　)8.at one time H．曾经；一度
(　　)9.run out I．继续
(　　)10.break down J．陷入；染上
[答案]　1—5　FDIGJ　6—10　ACHBE
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．vehicle n． 交通工具，车辆
2．death n. 死亡，死
3．operation n. 行动，活动；手术；操作
4．process n. 过程，进程
5．battle n. 较量；竞争；斗争；战斗
6．protection n. 保护；防护
7．polar adj. 极地的，地极的
8．exploration n. 探险；探索
9．base n. 基地，大本营；基础
vt. 以……为基地
10．dust n. 灰尘；尘埃

Ⅰ.语境填词
loss；suffering；prove；vehicle；continent；breathe；site；duty；dust；ambition
1．Asia is the largest of the continents of the world.
2．They hope this new evidence will prove her innocence.
3．She never achieved her ambition of becoming a famous writer.
4．A cloud of dust rose as the truck drove off.
5．He breathed deeply before speaking again.
6．In this job you have to harden your heart to pain and suffering．
7．It is my duty to report it to the police.
8．A site has been chosen for the new school.
9．The closure of the factory will lead to a number of job losses．
10．This vehicle was parked on private property.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．The birth of her son was a minor interruption(interrupt) to her career.
2．We took a wrong turn and got lost(loss) in the mountains.
3．He underwent a three­hour heart operation(operate)．
4．This war has caused widespread human suffering(suffer)．
5．He asked to be put under police protection(protect)．
6．We had to stop for breath(breathe) before we got to the top.
7．The team has been training hard in preparation(prepare) for the big game.
8．The pilot studied his instruments anxiously(anxious)．
9．We are looking for an ambitious(ambition) young assistant.
10．Our parents live some distance(distant) away.

1．While he was on the way to Antarctica，he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south，too.
在去南极洲的路上，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要南下。
2．First，his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。
3．Putting on our shoes in the morning is getting slower and slower.
大家早上穿上鞋子的速度也越来越慢了。
4．The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.
接下来离开的是奥茨船长，他行走非常困难。
5．Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole，but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.
虽然斯科特没能赢得去极地的比赛，但他和他的队员们表现出的巨大勇气使他们成为英雄。

词语助读
①Robert Falcon Scott罗伯特·法尔肯·斯科特(1868—1912)，出生于英国德文郡普利茅斯，英国海军军官、极地探险家，人们称他为“斯科特船长”(Captain Scott)。
②Roald Amundsen罗尔德·阿蒙森(1872—1928)，挪威极地探险家。他在探险史上获得了两个“第一”：第一个航行于西北航道，第一个到达南极点。
③base n．基地
④in preparation for为……做准备
⑤anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地
⑥pull v．拉；拖；拽
⑦sledge n．雪橇
⑧ski n．滑雪板
⑨make progress取得进步；取得进展
⑩break down 抛锚；(机器等)坏了
⑪after a while过了一会；过了不久
⑫shocked adj.震惊的
shock v．使震惊
shocking adj.令人震惊的
⑬ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿
ambitious adj.有抱负的；有雄心壮志的
⑭exploration n．探险；探索
explore v．探险；探索
explorer n．探险者；勘察者
⑮run out of 用完；用光(人作主语)
run out用完；耗尽(物作主语)
⑯realise v．意识到
⑰hopeless adj.无助的；绝望的
⑱cheerful adj.快乐的，高兴的
⑲on one's way在某人去……的路上
⑳all the way一路上；一直
at one time以前；曾经
distant adj.遥远的；疏远的
continent n．洲；大洲
have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
carry on继续
carry out执行；实施
courage n．勇敢；勇气
courageous adj.勇敢的，有胆量的；有勇气的
原文呈现
RACE TO THE POLE
On 1 June，1910，Captain Robert Falcon Scott① left London to begin his journey to AntarcticA．While he was on the way to Antarctica，he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen② which said he was going south，too.[1] Then the race to the South Pole began!
[1]which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a message。
During the polar summer of 1910—1911，both teams organised food bases③ in preparation for④ their journeys the next year.Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.[2] Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously⑤ for spring.
[2]本句是一个完全倒装句，then置于句首，谓语came提前。
Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September，1911.[3] He had teams of dogs pulling⑥ the sledges⑦ and all his men were on skis⑧.Because of this，he made rapid progress⑨.Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems.First，his two sledges broke down⑩ and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.After a while⑪，Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves.
[3]不定式to leave作定语修饰the first。
Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December，1911 and put a Norwegian flag there.Then he prepared for the return journey.Amundsen and his team arrived safely back to their starting base on 25 January，1912，ten days ahead of their planned schedule.
Scott finally arrived at the Pole with four team members on 17 January，1912.They were shocked⑫ when they saw the Norwegian flag.Scott wrote in his diary：
“Well，we have now lost the goal of our ambition⑬ and must face 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our dreams.”
The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration⑭.The men were soon very tired and were running out of⑮ food.The weather conditions were terrible.Scott started to realise⑯ their hopeless⑰ situation：
“We are very cheerful⑱，but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.Putting on our shoes in the morning is getting slower and slower.”
However，on their way⑲ back they found time to look for rocks.They carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way⑳ with them.Later，these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past，the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
Then disaster came.Edgar Evans had a terrible disease and died after a bad fall.The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.Scott recorded his death：
“He said，‘I'm just going outside and may be some time.’．..We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death，but though we tried to stop him，we knew that it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman.We all hope to meet the end with a similar spirit，and certainly the end is not far.”
Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases.But then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent.Scott spent some of his last hours writing.He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife Kathleen：
“I could tell you lots and lots about this journey.What stories you would have for the boy...but what a price to pay.”
Scott's diary also told the story of their end：
“We are getting weaker and weaker and the end can't be far.It seems a pity，but I do not think I can write more.”
The news of Scott's death shocked the world.Even Amundsen was moved by Scott's death saying“Captain Scott left a record，for honesty，sincerity，for bravery，for everything that makes a man.”Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole，but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.
译文参考
冲向极点的比赛
1910年6月1日，罗伯特·法尔肯·斯科特船长离开伦敦，开始他的南极远征。在去南极洲的路上，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要南下。然后，冲向南极的比赛开始了！
1910—1911年，在极地的那个夏季，两个队伍都建立了食物储存处，为他们明年的旅程做准备。接着漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。斯科特和阿蒙森都焦急地等待着春天来临。
1911年9月8日，阿蒙森率先离开。他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，所有的人都装备了滑雪板。正因如此，他行进得很快。斯科特于11月1日出发，不久就遇到了问题。先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。过了不久，斯科特和他的队员们不得不自己推雪橇。
1911年12月14日，阿蒙森到达南极，并在那里插上了挪威国旗。然后他准备返程。阿蒙森和他的队友们在1912年1月25日平安回到起始基地，比计划的时间还提前了十天。
1912年1月17日，斯科特和4名队员终于到达了南极。他们看到挪威国旗时感到非常震惊。斯科特在日记中写道：
“好吧，我们现在已经失去了雄心壮志的目标，并且必须面对800英里的艰苦跋涉——告别我们大部分人的梦想。”
这次返程是探险史上最糟糕的一次。队员们很快就精疲力竭，食物也快吃完了。天气情况很糟糕。斯科特开始意识到他们的绝望处境：
“我们表面看起来都很开心，但每个人心里的感受我无从得知。大家早上穿鞋子的速度也越来越慢了。”
尽管如此，在回来的路上，他们找时间搜集岩石。他们一路上带着20公斤的石块。后来，这些石块证实了，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植物覆盖。
然后灾难来了。埃德加·埃文斯得了重病，摔了一跤后死去了。接下来离开的是奥茨船长，他行走非常困难。斯科特记录了他的死亡：
“他说：‘我出去一下，也许得一段时间。’……我们知道可怜的奥茨正在走向死亡，尽管我们试图阻止他，但我们都知道这是一个勇敢的人和一个英国绅士的行为。我们都希望以类似的精神迎接自己的终点，当然终点也不远了。”
斯科特和两名队员继续向前，他们到达了距离食品储存处不足11英里的地方。但紧接着一场可怕的风暴开始了，他们根本无法离开帐篷。斯科特在他生命的最后几个小时进行了写作。他给妻子凯瑟琳写了一封充满悲伤的信：
“我可以告诉你很多关于这次旅行的事情。这些故事你也可以讲给我们的孩子……但这是多么大的代价啊。”
斯科特的日记也讲述了他们的结局：
“我们越来越虚弱，死亡不远了。这似乎很遗憾，但我认为我不能再写更多了。”
斯科特去世的消息震惊了全世界。就连阿蒙森也被斯科特的死感动了，他说：“斯科特船长为诚实、真诚、勇敢以及一切造就一个男人的品质留下了记录。”虽然他没能赢得去南极的比赛，但斯科特和他的队员们所展现出的巨大勇气使他们成为英雄。


速读P36－P37教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及：
1．Scott received Amundsen's message in 1911.
A．Right.　 B．Wrong.　 C．Not mentioned.
2．Scott made rapid progress because of his good preparations.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．It took Amundsen about three months to arrive at the AntarcticA．
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Scott collected some rocks on their return journey.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Scott died after he returned to England.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案]　1－5　BBAAB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．who was having great difficulty walking
B．what each man feels in his heart
C．While he was on the way to Antarctica
D．when they saw the Norwegian flag
E．that it was the act of a brave man and an English
gentleman
1．________，he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen.
2．They were shocked ________．
3．We are very cheerful，but ________I can only guess.
4．The next to go was Captain Oates，________．
5．...though we tried to stop him，we knew ________．
[答案]　1—5　CDBAE
Ⅲ.表格填空
Topic
The 1.Race to the Pole
Amundsen's successful expedition
·Amundsen from Norway was the first to leave，on 8 September，1911.
·He had teams of 2.dogs pulling sledges and all his men were on skis，because of which he made 3.rapid progress．
·Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December，1911 and put their national 4.flag there.Then he prepared for the return journey.
Scott's difficult but
courageous expedition
·Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems.
·The horses had difficulties with the snow and the cold，and the sledges broke down.After a while，Scott and his men had to 5.push the sledges themselves.
·Scott and four team members finally reached the Pole and they were 6.shocked by the Norwegian's first arrival.
Result and implied
meaning
·The return journey was hard for Scott and his men.They were 7.tired/exhausted and running out of food and the weather was terrible.All of the men died in the
8．exploration.
·Scott and his men 9.failed to win the race to the Pole but they were made into heroes because of their extraordinary 10.courage.

细读P36－P37教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
(　　)1.ParA．1　 A．Scott and his men were made into heroes.
(　　)2.Paras.2～5 B．The return journey and the difficulties.
(　　)3.Paras.6～10 C．The race began.
(　　)4.ParA．11 D．The race between Scott and Amundsen.
[答案]　1—4　CDBA
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．Amundsen was a(n)________ explorer.
A．Italian　　　　 B．Norwegian
C．British D．French
2．Amundsen succeeded because ________．
A．his men were much more healthier
B．his men arrived there by plane
C．dogs pulled his sledges and his men were on skis
D．his men did not meet with snow and cold
3．In the return journey，Scott met with the following except ________．
A．lack of food
B．exhaustion
C．lack of fresh water
D．bad weather
4．Why did Scott and his men become heroes?
A．Because they achieved their goal of their ambition.
B．Because they returned from their exploration safely.
C．Because they won the race to the Pole.
D．Because they showed great courage all the time.
5．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Amundsen won the race to the Pole.
B．Amundsen and his men had to push the sledges themselves.
C．Amundsen and his men carried some rocks with them.
D．Edgar Evans had difficulty walking.
[答案]　　1－5　BCCDA
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
A．阅读教材课文中含有描述个人心情的语句
1．Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.
2．They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag.
3．We are very cheerful，but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.
B．判断下列句子是否为描述个人心情的语句
1．The news of Scott's death shocked the world.(不是)
2．The men were soon very tired and were running out of food.(不是)


1．interrupt vt.打断讲话→interruption n．打断
2．die vi.死，死亡；消失→dead adj.死的，失去生命的→death n．死；死亡
3．lose vt.丢失，遗失；丧失→loss n．丧失；死亡
4．operate vt.运转；操作vi.手术→operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作
5．suffer vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦，受难，受折磨；遭受(痛苦)→suffering n．(肉体上或精神上的)痛苦，折磨
6．protect vt.保护；防护→protection n．保护；防护
7．breath n．呼吸→breathe vt.& vi.呼吸
8．prepare vt.预备，准备→preparation n．预备，准备
9．anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的→anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地→anxiety n．焦虑；不安
10．ambitious adj.有抱负的，雄心勃勃的→ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿
11．distant adj.久远的；遥远的→distance n．远处；远方

1．operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作
①Doctors performed an emergency operation for appendicitis last night. 手术
②The police have launched a major operation against drug suppliers. 行动
③Operation of the device is extremely simple. 操作
2．conduct vt.实施；进行；执行；举止，表现vi.& vt.指挥；带领，引导
①The negotiations have been conducted in a positive manner. 进行
②The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city. 引导
③He conducted himself far better than expected. 表现
④Dennis had recently begun a successful career conducting opera in Europe.
指挥

Words and Phrases
知识要点1　trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中n.陷阱；阴谋
(教材P34) Rescue teams try to save people trapped under buildings.
救援队尽力营救被困在建筑底下的人们。
[例1]　They were trapped in the burning building.
他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。
[例2]　She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.
她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。
[造句]　他陷入不幸的婚姻之中。
He was trapped in an unhappy marriage.
[知识拓展]
(1)be trapped in... 被困在……
trap sb.into doing sth. 诱骗某人做某事
(2)set/lay a trap 设置陷阱；布下圈套
fall/walk into a trap 落入陷阱/圈套
fall into the trap of doing sth. 落入做某事陷阱
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Many people trapped(trap) in buildings died before they could be rescued.
②I was trapped into admitting(admit) I had done wrong.
③Mary set a trap for Peter and he really fell into it.
知识要点2　attempt v．& n．尝试，试图，努力
(教材P34) What happens on rescue attempts?
在救援行动中发生了什么？
[例1]　The prisoners attempted an escape，but failed.
囚犯们企图逃跑，但失败了。
[例2]　Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.
为削减费用，有两家工厂被关闭了。
[造句]　不要试图自己修理这个东西。
Do not attempt to repair this yourself.
[知识拓展]
(1)attempt to do sth. 试图/努力做某事
attempt doing sth. 试着做某事
(2)at the/one's first attempt 第一次尝试
in an attempt to do(sth.) 试图做某事
make an/no attempt to do(sth.) 企图做某事/没有做某事的企图
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The students who are not successful at the first attempt may take the exam again.
②I made no attempt to make(make) friends with her.
③Personally speaking，parents are making an attempt/are attempting to protect their children(正试图保护他们的孩子) by giving whatever they require.
知识要点3　preparation n．准备，预备；配制品
(教材P36) ...both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.
……两个队伍都建立了食物储存处，为他们明年的旅程做准备。
[例1]　Careful preparation for the exam is essential.
认真准备考试十分重要。
[例2]　We made preparations to move to new offices.
我们已准备好要搬到新办公室。
[造句]　他协助我撰写此书。
He assisted me in the preparation of this book.
[知识拓展]
(1)in preparation for 为……做准备
make preparations for 为……做准备
be in preparation 在准备中
(2)prepare v. 准备
prepare for sth. 为……做准备(强调动作)
be prepared for sth. 为……做好准备(强调状态)
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Tom is studying in preparation for the next examination.
＝Tom is making preparations(prepare) for the next examination.
②I'm not well prepared for the exam.I'm afraid I won't pass it.
③The third book in the series is currently in preparation.
[名师点津]
(1)preparation用作不可数名词时表示“准备，预备”，常用于in preparation (for sth.)短语中；(2)用作可数名词时表示具体的“准备工作”，常与动词make连用，组成make preparations for短语。
知识要点4　anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地
(教材P36) Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.
斯科特和阿蒙森都焦急地等待着春天来临。
[例1]　The old woman was anxiously awaiting the return of her relatives.
老妇人望眼欲穿地盼望亲人们归来。
[例2]　Michael glanced anxiously down the corridor，but Mary was nowhere to be seen.
迈克尔焦急地顺着走廊望去，可根本看不到玛丽的影儿。
[造句]　我忧心忡忡地等着他的电话。
I was anxiously waiting for his phone call.
[知识拓展]
(1)be anxious about 为……担心/忧虑
be anxious for sth. 渴望某事
be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事
be anxious for sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
be anxious that sb.(should)do sth. 渴望某人做某事
(2)anxiety n. 忧虑，担忧
with anxiety 焦虑地
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Jack still can't help being anxious about his job interview.
②Peggy is anxious to show(show) that she can cope with extra responsibility.
③He was anxious that they (should) have(have) all they want.
[小片段填空]
My daughter studies very hard，because she ①is anxious to go to college.But she ② is anxious about not passing the entrance exam.I ③am anxious that she should get rid of ④anxiety．
知识要点5　break down(机器或车辆)出毛病，损坏；(讨论、关系或系统)失败，破裂，失灵；分解；将……分成若干部分；(使)(物质)分解；感情失控(痛哭起来)
(教材P36) First，his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。
[例1]　Talks with business leaders broke down last night.
昨晚与商界领导人的谈判破裂了。
[例2]　Her sister broke down，sobbing into her handkerchief.
她姐姐再也控制不住自己的情绪，捂着手绢呜咽起来。
[例3]　The dam broke down，and，as a result the land was flooded.
大坝倒塌了，结果土地被淹了。
[例4]　We were driving half when the car broke down.
当汽车抛锚时，我们正行驶到一半的路程。
[造句]　听到这消息时，她控制不住自己哭了起来，但很快她就平静下来了。
She broke down when she heard the news，but quickly recovered.
[知识拓展]
break out (坏事)爆发；突然发生
break in 强行闯入；打断谈话
break up 破碎；解散；分手
break through 突破；冲破
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Not long after his return，a local war broke out near his town.
②He broke in with some ideas of his own.
知识要点6　on one's way 在途中
(教材P37) However，on their way back they found time to look for rocks.
尽管如此，在回来的路上，他们找时间搜集岩石。
[例1]　On my way to New York，I stopped over in Tokyo for two days.
我在去纽约的途中在东京停留了两天。
[例2]　He met with an accident on his way to school.
他在上学的路上遇到一起意外事故。
[造句]　她在去学校的路上突然摔倒了，肯定是生病了。
She suddenly fell down on her way to school，she must have been ill.
[知识拓展]
all the way 一路上
by the way 顺便说
by way of 路经，途经
in the way 阻碍
in a way 在某种程度上
in no way 决不
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I put her downstairs so that she shouldn't be in the way.
②They are travelling to France by way of London.
③In no way will I give in.
[名师点津]　
(1)in no way意为“决不”，表示否定意义，放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。
(2)on one's way to中的to为介词，后跟副词时应省略。如：on one's way home“在某人回家的路上”。
知识要点7　carry on 继续做某事
(教材P37) Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases.
斯科特和两名队员继续向前，到达距离食品储存处不足11英里的地方。
[例1]　Now we have got a cart，we can carry on with our work.
现在我们有手推车，我们可以继续工作了。
[例2]　Then they promised to stop，but they secretly carried on.
当时，他们承诺停工，但暗地里仍在施工。
[造句]　他继续讲笑话，自己笑得前仰后合。
He carried on telling jokes，laughing his head off.
[知识拓展]
carry on 继续做某事
carry away 拿走
carry out 进行(实验)，实施(计划)，
履行(义务、约定)
carry sb.through(sth.) 帮助某人渡过难关
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Carry on with your work while I'm out.
②Whatever difficulty you will meet with，carry out your plan.
③Their faith and courage carried them through．
知识要点8　measure vt.度量(大小、长短等)；测量；打量；估量 n．措施；标准
(教材P102) ...that is hard to measure.
……那很难衡量。
[例1]　A dipstick is used to measure how much oil is left in an engine.
量油尺是用来探查引擎中的剩余油量的。
[例2]　The pond measures about 2 metres across.
这个池塘宽约2米。
[造句]　他说将会采取严厉措施惩罚凶手。
He said strict measures would be taken against the murderers.
[知识拓展]
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
make...to one's own measure 根据某人的尺寸做(衣服)
be measured by/in... 用……来计算/衡量
take sb.'s measure 给某人量尺寸
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Scientists haven't measured(measure) the positive effects of laughter on children.
②My mother made me a pair of trousers to my own measure.
③It is high time that we should take measures(measure) to protect endangered animals.
[名师点津]　
当measure表示“量起来有……长/高/宽……”时，是不及物动词，没有被动语态。
知识要点9　suffering n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨
(教材P102)But it's our duty to try our best to reduce suffering and the loss of life.
但尽量减少人们的痛苦和伤亡是我们的职责。
[例1]　Death finally brought an end to her suffering.
死亡终于结束了她的痛苦。
[例2]　This war has caused widespread human suffering.
这场战争给许多人带来了苦难。
[造句]　临终安养院旨在减轻临终者的痛苦。
The hospice aims to ease the sufferings of the dying.
[知识拓展]
(1)suffer vi. 遭受(痛苦)；感到疼痛
suffer from/for/by 受……的苦；遭受
suffer hunger 挨饿
(2)sufferer n. 受苦者；受难者
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He suffers a lot from his disability.
②The pains and sufferings(suffer) caused by the road accident were so great that the whole family couldn't live happily.
[小片段填空]
The villagers ①suffered from hunger.The ②sufferings made their life hard and some ③sufferers had to leave their home.
知识要点10　run out(of sth.) 完成，用完；(某物)被用完，被耗尽
(教材P103) ...unfortunately，we've run out of time.
……不幸的是我们没时间了。
[例1]　Time is running out for the trapped miners.
被困矿工的时间不多了。
[例2]　If we're not careful，we're going to run out of gas.
如果我们不小心使用，我们将会耗尽汽油。
[造句]　问题是我们的钱已经用完了。
The problem is that we have run out of money.
[知识拓展]
run into 碰撞；遇上；偶然遇到
run over (车辆)碾压；匆匆看一遍；浏览
run after 追逐；追求
run across 无意间碰到
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We went too fast round the corner and ran into a lamppost.
②He was run over and killed by a bus.
③The dog was running after a rabbit.
[名师点津]
“用完”的不同
run out of “用完”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，其主语一般是人，可用于被动语态；run out “用完”(＝become used up)，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词，不能用于被动语态；use up “用完”，是及物动词短语，主语一般是人。
Sentence Patterns
重点句式1　完全倒装
(教材P36) Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
接着漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。
句式分析：这是一个倒装句，主语是the total darkness of the polar winter，谓语动词为came。倒装的原因是句子的主语太长，为了保持句子平衡而把谓语动词came直接置于主语之前，这种倒装称为完全倒装。
[例1]　Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.
我们渴望的时刻终于到了。
[例2]　Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person.
我一生中很少遇到意志这么坚强的人。
[造句]　随即传来了一个小女孩的哭声。
And then came the cry of a little girl.
[知识拓展]
使用完全倒装句的几种情况：
(1)在以here，there，then，now，out，in，up，down，away，ahead等副词开头的句子中，常使用完全倒装。但是如果句子的主语是代词，则句子不倒装。
(2)表示地点、时间的介词短语放在句首，主语较长又无宾语时，一般要倒装。
(3)为了平衡句子的结构，特别是当主语带有较长的修饰语，谓语部分较短时，更需要倒装。
(4)such置于句首时，such 多被认为是表语。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Under that tree sits(sit) a beautiful girl.
②Present at the conference were(be) experts from all over the world.
③Such are the facts，no one can deny them.
重点句式2　have＋sb./sth.＋doing
(教材P36) He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，所有人都装备了滑雪板。
句式分析：句中have teams of dogs pulling是“have＋sb./sth.＋doing”结构。
[知识拓展]
have sb./sth.doing
现在分词表示动作的进行和持续，宾语是动作的执行者。
have sb./sth.do
动词原形表示动作未完成，宾语是动作的执行者。
have sb./sth.done
过去分词表示动作已经完成，宾语是动作的承受者。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He had his favorite Alsatian dog poisoned(poison) and two other dogs in the household shot(shoot)．
②She'll have you doing (do) all the housework if you're not careful.
③The rich lady had the singer eat(eat) with her servants.
重点句式3　 have difficulty in doing sth.
(教材P37) The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.
接下来离开的是奥茨船长，他行走非常困难。
句式分析：句中have difficulty in doing sth.表示“做某事有困难”。
[知识拓展]
have some/much/great/little/no difficulty(in)doing/with sth.
＝there's some/much/great/little/no difficulty(in)doing/with sth.
做某事有一些/许多/很大/一点/没有困难
have a problem (in) doing sth. 做某事有问题
have a difficult time (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事很有趣；从做某事中获得乐趣
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Whenever we have difficulty with our study，our teachers help us patiently.
②Though I've learnt English for several years，I have some trouble/difficulty/problems in communicating(communicate) with foreigners.

While he was on the way to Antarctica，he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south，too.
[分析]　while引导时间状语从句；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a message。
[翻译]　在去南极洲的路上，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要南下。

教材
高考
1.Rescue teams try to save people trapped under buildings.
(2019·天津) We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it.
2.Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.
(2019·天津)She was anxious to know what had happened.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When I went in the office，I found my English teacher is busy preparing(prepare) his lessons.
2．My energy has run (run) out，so I feel very tired.
3．No matter what happens，we should carry on with our research.We should not back out.
4．If Jimmy carries on working like this，he will break down sooner or later.
5．They had great trouble in getting(get) in touch with their father abroad.
6．He had his leg broken(break) during the football match.
7．Two robbers broke into her home，held a knife to her throat and stole her savings.
8．Reports of this kind are guaranteed to cause anxiety(anxious)．
9．He suffered from poor eyesight and could no longer read properly.
10．We ran out of coal，and had to burn wood.
Ⅱ.短语填空
on one's way to；breathe in；all the way；in preparation for；carry on；make progress；at one time；get into
1．She went with me all the way to the station.
2．I got into the habit of calling in on Gloria on my way home.
3．In preparation for the discussion，you will write a discussion question for each article.
4．At one time the schools were mainly attached to the church.
5．In large cities people breathe in dangerous gases from cars and chimneys.
6．He was very pleased to see that the kids had made progress．
7．He has been allowed to leave the country and is on his way to Britain.
8．If you carry on in that way，you will be more and more divorced from the masses.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
On 1 June，1910，Captain Scott began his journey 1.to the AntarcticA．At the same time，the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen was also going south.During the polar summer，both teams organised food bases in 2.preparation (prepare) for their journeys.Amundsen reached the Antarctica first.Then he prepared for the return journey.Scott 3.finally(final) arrived at the Pole.They 4.were shocked (shock) when they saw the Norwegian flag.Scott wrote sadly in his diary：“Well，we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our 5.dreams (dream)．”
The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration.The weather conditions were terrible.Scott realised their 6.hopeless (hope) situation: “We are very cheerful，7.but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess ...”．Then a terrible storm started.Scott spent some of his last hours 8.writing (write)．He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife.The news of Scott's death shocked 9.the world.He had failed to win the race to the Pole，but the extraordinary courage 10.shown (show) by Captain Scott and his men made them heroes.


构词法——派生
[观察例句]
1．He encouraged me to be a writer in the future.
2．In the past few years，Lucy has formed the habit of keeping a supply of candles in case of a power failure.
3．It is natural that young people are often uncomfortable when they are with their parents.
4．Today's experience taught me some valuable lessons in my life.
5．I love children very much because I always feel that they bring great happiness and excitement to my life.
[归纳用法]
(一)前缀
1．表示否定意义的前缀
(1)un­
unfortunate　 不幸的
unable 不能够的
uncomfortable 不舒服的
(2)in­
inconvenient 不方便的
incorrect 不正确的
informal 不正式的
(3)im­
impolite 不礼貌的
imperfect 不完美的
impossible 不可能的
(4)il­
illegal 违法的
illogical 不合逻辑的
(5)ir­
irregular 不规则的
irrelevant 不相关的
(6)non­
non­violent 非暴力的
non­profit 非营利的
(7)dis­
dislike 不喜欢
disapprove 不赞成
dishonest 不诚实的
disadvantage 弊端，不利条件
2．表示其他意义的常见前缀
(1)en­ 使……
enable 使能够
enrich 使丰富
enlarge 扩大，使变大
endanger 危及
(2)re­ 再，又
retell 复述
review 复习
reunite 团聚
(3)mis­ 错误
misunderstand 误解
mislead 误导
misread 误读
(4)pre­ 在……之前
preview 预习
pre­reading 读前
prehistoric 史前的
(5)fore­ 在……前面
forehead 前额
foretell 预言
forecast 预测，预报
(6)inter­ 在……之间，互相
international 国际的
interact 互动
interpersonal 人际的
(7)trans­ 转变，变换
translate 翻译
transport 运输
transform 转变，改造
(二)后缀
1．形容词后缀
(1)­y
windy 有风的
lucky 幸运的
healthy 健康的
(2)­ly
friendly 友好的
deadly 致命的
lively 活泼的
(3)­al
natural 自然的
national 国家的
personal 个人的
(4)­ive
attractive 吸引人的
effective 有效的
impressive 印象深刻的
(5)­ic/­ical
historic 有历史意义的
energetic 精力充沛的
historical 历史的
(6)­ous
famous 著名的
dangerous 危险的
mysterious 神秘的
(7)­ful
wonderful 精彩的
beautiful 美丽的
hopeful 有希望的
(8)­less
careless 粗心的
homeless 无家可归的
helpless 无助的
(9)­able
comfortable 舒适的
acceptable 可接受的
reasonable 合乎情理的
adaptable 可适应的
2．名词后缀
(1)表示“人”的名词后缀
①­er
cleaner 清洁工
reporter 记者
employer 雇主，老板
②­or
inventor 发明家
actor 演员
visitor 游客
③­ist
artist 艺术家
scientist 科学家
pianist 钢琴家
dentist 牙科医生
④­ess
hostess 女主人
waitress 女服务员
actress 女演员
⑤­ian
musician 音乐家
politician 政治家
historian 历史学家
(2)表示其他意义的常见名词后缀
①­th
truth 真相
strength 力量，强项
width 宽度
depth 深(度)
warmth 温暖
②­dom
freedom 自由
boredom 无聊，厌烦
wisdom 智慧
③­ment
development 发展
achievement 成就
amazement 惊讶
excitement 兴奋
④­ness
happiness 幸福
weakness 弱点
kindness 善良
seriousness 严重性，严肃性
⑤­tion/­sion
competition 竞争
construction 建设
discussion 讨论
conclusion 结论
admission 接纳，准许入学
⑥­ance/­ence
importance 重要性
appearance 出现，相貌
existence 存在
patience 耐心
confidence 信心
⑦­(t)y
difficulty 困难
loyalty 忠诚
cruelty 残忍
safety 安全
responsibility 职责，责任
⑧­al
arrival 到达
approval 赞成，批准
survival 幸存
3．动词、副词后缀
(1)­en
widen 加宽
deepen 加深
weaken 削弱
(2)­ize
apologize 道歉
emphasize 强调
memorize 记住
(3)­ly
slowly 慢慢地
happily 高兴地
extremely 极其地
surprisingly 令人惊讶地

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Thankfully (thank)，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
2．The sightseeing options are endless (end)，but most travelers begin on the harbor at the Sydney Opera House.
3．Ron had a successful (success) career and worked for Ford before retiring.
4．Only in this way can they grow up to be independent (depend) and become truly successful (success)．
5．My first impression (impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful (thought) young man.
6．A group of robbers entered the building using equipment (equip) to dig holes and destroy walls on Sunday night.
7．Not knowing how to operate the computer is one of the disadvantages (advantage) in finding jobs.
8．News of the robberies frightened (fright) many people into fitting new locks to their doors.
9．The high school boys love playing basketball，and it is a useful (use) way to release their study pressure (press)．
10．Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver (drive)，should be equally (equal) respected.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Professor Smith，one of the famous 1.educators(educate)，comes from a 2.European(Europe) country.We all respect him for his 3.devotion(devote) to teaching.He 4.frequently(frequent) goes to gym to play basketball with us.After 5.graduation(graduate)，he 6.has taught(teach) in our school for 20 years.He tells us that we students should know our own strengths and 7.weaknesses(weak)．He always 8.encourages(courage) us to speak English everywhere.With his 9.assistance(assist)，we made rapid progress in our English.He leaves us a deep 10.impression(impress)．