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高中英语北师大版 (2019)必修 第二册Lesson 1 A Sea Story学案设计
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这是一份高中英语北师大版 (2019)必修 第二册Lesson 1 A Sea Story学案设计，共21页。
Unit 5 Humans and Nature
All nature is but art，unknown to thee. —Pope
所有的自然都是艺术，这是你所不知道的。 ——波普
Nature is not governed except by obeying her. —Bacon
自然不可驾驭，除非顺从她。 ——培根
Deviation from nature is deviation from happiness. —Samuel Johnson
对自然的背离就是对欢乐的背离。 ——塞缪尔·约翰逊
Our motto，as you know，is “Live according to Nature”． —Seneca
如你所知，我们的格言是“遵照自然去生活”。 ——塞涅卡
The intimacy between man and Nature began with the birth of man on the earth，and becomes each century more intelligent and farreaching.To Nature，therefore，we turn as to the oldest aim and most influential teacher of our race；from one point of view，once our taskmaster，now our servant；from another point of view，our constant friend，instructor and inspirer.
Have you ever noticed that，in the summer，when your sweat dries it will leave marks on your Tshirt? The marks are tiny bits of salt.
If you go to the seaside，you will know that seawater does the same to your clothes，because it also has a lot of salt in it.
Water evaporates (蒸发) from the surface of the sea but the salt remains.Have you ever thought about whether the seas will keep getting saltier? The answer is no.The oceans have stayed at about 3.5 percent salt
content for hundreds of millions of years.It maintains a constant level of salt in different ways.
The outer hard crust of Earth is made up of a dozen or so hard plates that drift (漂流) on extremely hot，soft rock like floating islands on a seA．The heat within Earth is not the same everywhere and the plates move due to the heat.
When an ocean plate bumps into a land plate，the less dense land plate floats over the ocean one.The ocean floor gets pushed under，and its salty rocks，along with shells and bones，are lost deep within Earth.
So，that's why the seas are salty but don't get any saltier.
[探究发现]
1．Find out what are the marks on your Tshirt?
Tiny bits of salt.
2．Find out if the salt in the seas can evaporate?
No.
3．Find out if the heat within Earth is the same?
No.
SectionⅠ Topic Talk & Lesson 1
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.drought A．n.评论；意见
( )2.comment B．n.边缘
( )3.landscape C．n.面积；长度；范围；程度
( )4.climate D．n.讲座，讲课；演讲
( )5.lecture E．vi.& vt.逃离；逃避
( )6.escape F．n.风景，景色
( )7.edge G．n.气候
( )8.extent H．n.干旱，旱灾
[答案] 1—5 HAFGD 6—8 EBC
B．短语匹配
( )1.turn one's back on A．在……边缘；某事快要
发生(尤指不好的事)
( )2.all at once B．对……置之不理，
对……撒手不管
( )3.on the edge of C．突然
( )4.come to one's mind D．朝着……方向
( )5.in the direction of E．某人想起……
[答案] 1—5 BCAED
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．volcanic adj. 火山的；由火山作用引起的
2．wildlife n. 野生动植物，野生生物
3．living adj. 活的，活着的
4．insect n. 昆虫
5．million n. 百万
6．title n. 题目，标题
7．file n. 档案，卷宗
8．soul n. 灵魂
9．poetry n. 诗歌；作诗的艺术
10．equal adj. 相等的；相同的
Ⅰ.语境填词
survive；climate；disaster；escape；comment；drought；equal；wildlife；million；landscape
1．The pilots had to take emergency action to avoid a disaster．
2．The crops died during the drought．
3．She made helpful comments on my work.
4．Our unique natural landscape is so worthwhile to visit.
5．There is no solution to the question of climate change without forestry.
6．What would you do if you won a million dollars?
7．In the eyes of the scientists，all things are equal．
8．Of the six people injured in the crash，only two survived．
9．He escaped from prison this morning.
10．The island offers such a wide variety of scenery and wildlife．
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．The eruption(erupt) of the volcano makes many people lose their lives.
2．In the spring the place is crowded(crowd) with skiers.
3．It is shocking(shock) that they involved children in the crime.
4．If cancers are spotted early，there's a high chance of survival(survive)．
5．I'm frightened(frighten) of walking home alone in the dark.
6．I hate travelling by air because I get horribly(horrible) airsick.
7．The letter wasn't addressed to me but I opened it out of curiosity(curious)．
8．In hospital she'll be under observation(observe) all the time.
1．One day，my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going and got more fish than others.
有一天，我和我的两个兄弟从岛上回来，我们经常冒险去那里捕比别人更多的鱼。
2．The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.
我一听到那个词，我就非常害怕。
3．It may appear strange，but at that moment，when we were on the edge of the whirlpool，I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it.
这可能看起来很奇怪，但在那一刻，当我们位于漩涡的边缘时，我感到比我们朝它移动时更镇静。
4．Without waiting，I jumped into the sea to try and escape.
没有再等，我跳进海里尽力逃跑。
5．As you can see，the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.
如你所见，我之所以能够在这里讲这个故事，是因为我做了正确的决定。
词语助读
①terrible adj.可怕的
②soul n．灵魂
③single adj.简单的；单一的
④risk v．冒险 n．冒险
risk doing冒险做某事
at risk处在风险中
at the risk of冒……风险
⑤all at once突然
⑥be covered with 被……覆盖
⑦cry out大声喊出
⑧frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的
⑨in the direction of朝着……的方向
⑩hopeless adj.绝望的
⑪as if似乎；好像
⑫on the edge of... 在……边缘
⑬calm adj.镇静的；沉着的
⑭amazing adj.令人吃惊的；令人惊讶的
⑮over adv.结束(的)
⑯at great speed以极快的速度
⑰barrel n．桶
⑱after a while过了一会
⑲curious adj.好奇的
be curious about对……好奇
curiosity n．好奇；好奇心
out of curiosity出于好奇
⑳observation n．观察；观察结果
observe v．观察；庆祝；遵守
rapidly adv.快速地
equal adj.相等的；相同的
extent n．面积；长度
tube n．圆管，管子
tie vt.系；拴；绑
escape v．逃跑；逃避
decision n．决定
pull v．拉；拖；拽
in the end最后；终于
pick sb.up接某人
recognise vt.认出；辨出
原文呈现
A SEA STORY
About three years ago，something terrible① happened to me.That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul②.You think I am a very old man—but I am not.It took less than a single③ day to change my hair from black to white.
One day，my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked④ going and got more fish than others.All at once⑤，the sky was covered with⑥ dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm.A huge wave covered our boat and my younger brother fell into the seA．My elder brother put his mouth close to my ear and cried out⑦ “Moskoestrom！” The moment I heard the word I became very frightened⑧.[1] I knew what he meant by that one word well enough.
[1]the moment引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”。
With the wind and waves，we were going in the direction of⑨ the whirlpool.We were hopeless⑩.Nothing could save us.I felt sick，as if⑪ I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.We went round and round，nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool.It may appear strange，but at that moment，when we were on the edge of⑫ the whirlpool，I felt calmer⑬ than when we were moving towards it.I began to think how amazing⑭ a thing it was to die in such a way，and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature.Suddenly，we went over the edge.I thought my life was over⑮.But moment after moment passed，and I was still safe.
The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles at great speed⑯.I saw clearly that there were other objects in the whirlpool—trees and barrels⑰.After a while⑱，I became curious⑲ about the whirlpool itself.I then made three important observations⑳.The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell；the second，between two objects of equal extent，round objects fell down less rapidly；and the third，between two objects of the same size，objects shaped like a tube fell down more slowly.So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float.I tried to make my brother understand，but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat.Without waiting，I jumped into the sea to try and escape.
As you can see，the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision．[2] Some time after I left the boat，with my brother in it，it was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool.Soon after that，the whirlpool became less wild.Then the sky was clear，the wind calmer，and the moon was shining.I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were.In the end，a boat picked me up.I was very tired.The fishermen were my old friends，but they were unable to recognise me.When I told them my story，they did not believe it.Now I have told you，and I cannot expect you to believe me any more than the fishermen did.
[2]why引导定语从句修饰先行词reason；that引导表语从句。
译文参考
海上故事
大约三年前，我遭遇了一件可怕的事情。就在那一天，在短短六个小时里，我的身心受到重创，你认为我是一个很老的人——但我不是。那件事让我在不到一天的时间里，头发从黑变白了。
有一天，我和我的两个兄弟从岛上回来，我们经常冒险去那里捕比别人更多的鱼。突然，天空乌云密布，刹那间，我们就被卷入了可怕的风暴中。一个巨浪覆盖了我们的船，我弟弟掉进了海里。我哥哥把嘴贴近我的耳朵，喊出“莫斯肯漩涡！”我一听到那个词，我就非常害怕。我很清楚他说的那个词是什么意思。
伴随着风浪，我们朝着漩涡的方向前进。我们感到绝望。什么也救不了我们。我觉得恶心，像是在梦中从山顶上掉下来一样。我们转啊转，离漩涡可怕的边缘越来越近。这可能看起来很奇怪，但在那一刻，当我们位于漩涡的边缘时，我感到比我们朝它移动时更镇静。我开始想，以这样的方式死去是一件多么神奇的事啊，能够看到大自然的力量是多么美妙啊。突然，我们越过了边缘。我以为我的生命结束了。但时间一刻又一刻过去了，我仍然安然无恙。
船在巨大的漩涡里，我们以极快的速度兜圈子。我清楚地看到漩涡里还有别的东西——树和桶。过了一会儿，我开始对漩涡本身感到好奇。然后我做了三个重要的观察。第一，物体越大，下降速度越快；第二，在两个同等面积的物体之间，圆形物体下降得更慢；第三，在两个同样大小的物体之间，像管子一样的物体下降得更慢。所以我把自己绑在一个木桶上帮助我漂浮。我努力使我哥哥明白这一点，但他太害怕了，留在了沉重的木船里。没有再等，我跳进海里尽力逃跑。
如你所见，我之所以能够在这里讲这个故事，是因为我做了正确的决定。在我离开船一段时间之后，我的哥哥还在船上，和小船一起被拉进了漩涡的底部。不久之后，漩涡变得不那么狂野了。这时天空晴朗，风平静下来，月亮也闪耀着。我仍然被拴在木桶上，海浪很快把我带到其他渔民所在的地方。最后，一条船上的人把我救了起来。我很疲惫。渔民们是我的老朋友，但他们没能认出我来。当我告诉他们我的故事时，他们根本不相信。现在我已经把故事告诉你了，我不指望你能相信我，像那些渔民一样。
速读P30－P31教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．The author of the text was very old when the storm happened.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．When the storm happened，there were three persons in the boat.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．The author's elder brother first realised what happened to them.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．The author was calm first when the storm happened.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．The author realised that round objects fell down rapidly.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1—5 BAABB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．how wonderful it was to see the power of nature
B．where the other fishermen were
C．where we often risked going and got more fish than others
D．When I told them my story
E．when we were on the edge of the whirlpool
1．One day，my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands ________．
2．It may appear strange，but at that moment，________，I felt calmer.
3．I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way，and ________．
4．I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area ________．
5．________，they did not believe it.
[答案] 1—5 CEABD
Ⅲ.表格填空
Feelings
What happened
Frightened
When we came back from the islands 1.where we often risked going，the sky was covered with 2.dark clouds．A huge wave covered our boat and 3.my younger brother fell into the seA．
4.Hopeless
The wind and 5.waves made us go in the direction of the whirlpool.We were hopeless and I felt sick.
Calm
I felt 6.calmer when the boat was on the edge of the whirlpool.When the boat was on the inside of the whirlpool，I made three 7.observations．I tied myself to 8.a barrel and tried to make my brother understand it，but he was too 9.frightened.
Tired
The waves carried me away and 10.a boat picked me up.
细读P30－P31教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
( )1.ParA．1 A．The process of the storyteller fighting
against the “Moskoestrom”．
( )2.Paras.2～4 B．The storyteller survived the
“Moskoestrom”．
( )3.ParA．5 C．Something terrible happened
to the storyteller three years ago.
[答案] 1—3 CAB
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．What made the storyteller's hair change from black to white?
A．Medicine. B．Sorrow.
C．Something terrible. D．The old age.
2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The moment the storyteller heard the word “Moskoestrom”，he took it for granted.
B．When they were on the edge of the whirlpool，the storyteller felt calmer than when they were moving towards it.
C．The storyteller didn't see any other object in the whirlpool clearly.
D．The storyteller made four important observations.
3．Why didn't the storyteller's elder brother do the same?
A．He was too frightened.
B．He thought it was dangerous to do so.
C．He had no time to do so.
D．He wouldn't leave the boat.
4．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．The storyteller made the right decision and he survived.
B．Soon after the storyteller's brother was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool，the whirlpool became more wild.
C．When the storyteller was saved，the fishermen recognised him.
D．The fishermen believed the storyteller's story.
5．Who didn't save the storyteller?
A．The barrel. B．The storyteller himself.
C．Some fishermen. D．The storyteller's brother.
[答案] 1—5 CBAAD
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
A．阅读教材课文中含有描述个人心情的语句
1．The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.
2．We were hopeless.
3．I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it.
B．判断下列句子是否为描述个人心情的语句
1．...but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat.(是)
2．Without waiting，I jumped into the sea to try and escape.(不是)
3．The fishermen were my old friends，but they were unable to recognise me.(不是)
1．erupt vi.爆发，喷发→eruption n．爆发
2．crowd n．人群；一伙人；群众 v．挤满；使……拥挤；涌上(心头) →crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的
3．shock v．使震惊；使惊愕 n．震惊；惊愕；令人震惊的事；休克→shocked adj.感到震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的，令人惊愕的
4．survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存→survivor n．幸存者；幸免者→survival n．幸存，幸免
5．frighten v．使害怕，使受惊→frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的
6．horror n．震惊；恐惧；厌恶→horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的→horribly adv.可怕地；吓人地；令人恐惧地
7．curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n．好奇，好奇心
8．observe vt.观察；庆祝；遵守→observation n．观察，观察结果
1．equal adj.(大小、数量、价值等)相同的；平等的；同等的；(力气、勇气、能力等)相当的；能胜任的n.同等的人；相等物v.(大小、数量、价值等)与……相等，等于；比得上；敌得过；导致；结果为
①Research and teaching are of equal importance. 同等的
②Men also share the equal right to chase fashion. 平等的
③I hope that he proves equal to the job. 能胜任的
④She treats the people who work for her as her equals. 同等的人
⑤This achievement is unlikely ever to be equaled. 比得上
2．pick up 拾起，捡起；学会；结识；用车接；好转；恢复；收听；购买
①He has picked up slowly since he came out of hospital. 恢复
②I was able to pick you up on the short wave radio. 收听到
③I'll pick you up at the school gate. 用车接
④He picked up the book from the floor. 拾起，捡起
⑤The children have picked up the local accent. 学会
Words and Phrases
知识要点1 come to one's mind 某人想起……
(教材P28) What comes to your mind when you see the word “nature”？
当你看到单词“nature”时，你想到了什么？
[例1] I think I shall tell you a little story which just came to my mind.
我想，我可以告诉各位一个我刚想到的小故事。
[例2] Seeing the photo，the wonderful time they spent together came to his mind.
看到相片，他便想起了他们一起度过的美好时光。
[造句] 但是错过比赛的想法从来没在我脑海中出现。
Yet the thought of missing the game/match never even came to my mind.
[知识拓展]
keep/bear in mind... 记住……
absence/out of mind 心不在焉
find one's mind on 把注意力集中在……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We should all keep in mind the concept of “We” and practice it.
②Repeated failures have driven him out of his mind.
知识要点2 comment n．评论；意见 vt.& vi.发表意见，评论
[例1] You really can't comment until you know the fact.
你真的不能在知道事实之前进行评论。
[例2] There's been no comment so far from the police about the allegations.
到目前为止还没有来自警方对那些指控的任何解释。
[造句] 他在阿姆斯特丹的记者招待会上发表了意见。
He made his comments at a news conference in Amsterdam.
[知识拓展]
(1)comment on/upon 对……作出评价
(2)comment n. 评价
make comments on/upon 对……作出评价
no comment 无可奉告
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He did not comment on what I said.
②He made no comment on our proposal.
③They asked for comments on the new plan.
知识要点3 shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信n.震惊
(教材P29)The two students were shocked at the lecture on nature.
这两个学生被关于自然的演讲震惊了。
[例1] The news of my promotion came as a shock.
我获晋升的消息着实让我一惊。
[例2] It shocks you when something like that happens.
发生那样的事情，你会难以置信。
[造句] 救援人员被眼前的景象惊呆了。
Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.
[知识拓展]
(1)to one's shock 令某人震惊的是
It shocks sb.to do sth. 令某人害怕/震惊的是……
(2)shocked adj. 震惊的
be shocked at 对……震惊
(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/同义句转换
①To my shock，such an attack should happen in this school.
②I am sorry for having asked him.I was shocked(shock) at his refusal.
③I was shocked at seeing her smoking.
＝I was shocked to see(see) her smoking.
[小片段填空]
①To my shock，he refused my offer.When I met him again，I ②was shocked at his situation.It is ③shocking that he lost all his possessions in such a short time.
知识要点4 survive vi.幸存；生存下来vt.幸免于；从……中生还
(教材P30) A fisherman is trying to survive a storm.
一个渔民正试图从风暴中幸存下来。
[例1] My people have survived 400 years of slavery.
我的民族从400年的奴隶制中挺了过来。
[例2] All the trees planted last year have survived.
去年栽的树全都活了。
[造句] 他在事故中没受伤，真是(不幸中的)大幸！
He was very lucky to have survived the accident unhurt!
[知识拓展]
(1)survive sth. 在……中幸免于难，挺过……
survive (from sth.) (从……中)存活下来/留存下来
survive(on sth.) (靠……)存活
survive as sth. 作为……继续存在
survive sb.by...years 比某人多活了……年
(2)survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. 幸存，幸免
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Harry survived his wife by three months.
②A plane crashed yesterday，and there were no survivors (survive)．
③Amy's only chance of survival(survive) was a liver transplant.
[小片段填空]
I thought there would be little chance of ①survival，but luckily，I ②survived the terrible car crash last week and I was the only ③survivor of the accident.
知识要点5 frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的
(教材P31) The moment I heard the word I became very frightened．
我一听到那个词，我就非常害怕。
[例1] She was frightened that the plane would crash.
她害怕飞机会坠毁。
[例2] Miriam was too frightened to tell her family
what had happened.
米丽娅姆太害怕了以至于不敢告诉家人发生了什么事。
[造句] 她担心玻璃会破碎。
She was frightened that the glass would break.
[知识拓展]
(1)frightened adj. 感到害怕的
be frightened at... (听到……)吓了一跳
be frightened of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某事
(2)frightening adj. 令人惊恐的；骇人的
(3)frighten v. 使惊恐，使害怕
frighten sb.into/out of doing sth.
吓得某人做/不做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They frightened the old lady into signing(sign) the paper.
②Don't be frightened(frighten) of making mistakes when you speak English.
[名师点津]
由过去分词或现在分词转化来的形容词，是分词形容词。这些词已失去了动词的性质，大多数可被副词very或too修饰，有的还有比较级和最高级，故称为分词形容词。v.ing形式，意为“令人……的”，多用于指事物；v.ed形式，意为“感到……的”，多用于指人。
知识要点6 calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 v．使……平衡
(教材P31)...I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it.
……我感到比我们朝它移动时更镇静。
[例1] It is important to keep calm in an emergency.
情况紧急的时候，保持镇静是重要的。
[例2] Have some tea；it'll calm your nerves.
喝点茶吧，这会使你紧张的神经松弛下来。
[造句] 镇静点，告诉我出了什么事。
Try to keep calm and just tell me what happened.
[知识拓展]
(1)keep/remain calm 保持冷静
(2)calm down 平静下来
calm oneself down 使某人自己镇静下来
(3)calmly adv. 平静地
calmness n. 平静
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He is terribly excited.We must try to calm him down．
②The television announcer read the news calmly(calm)．
③Do not have a drink or take drugs to calm yourself(you) down.
[明辨异同]
calm
“镇静的；沉着的”，指无风浪或者人的心情不激动。
quiet
“安静的；宁静的”，指无声音，不吵闹或者心里没有烦恼或焦虑。
still
“不动的；静止的”，指无动作或运动的状态。
silent
“寂静的；沉默的，无语的”，指没有声音或不讲话。
[小片段填空]
When facing danger，one should keep ①calm；when someone else is asleep，one should keep ②quiet；in class，one shouldn't keep ③silent about the teacher's questions.
知识要点7 curious adj.好奇的；好打听的
(教材P31) After a while，I became curious about the whirlpool itself.
过了一会儿，我开始对漩涡本身感到好奇。
[例1] Everyone was curious about why Mark was leaving.
马克为什么要离去，大家都感到好奇。
[例2] He is such a curious boy，always asking questions.
他是个如此好奇的男孩，总是爱问问题。
[造句] 人们聚拢过来，很想知道发生了什么事情。
People gathered round，curious to know what is happening.
[知识拓展]
(1)be curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事
be curious that... 对……感到好奇
(2)curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲
from/out of curiosity 出于好奇
meet/satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
with curiosity＝curiously 奇怪地；好奇地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①As a little boy，he was curious about the origin of mankind.
②He's curious to know (know) what she said.
③Curiosity(curious) drove him into the cave to see what happened.
知识要点8 recognise vt.辨认出；承认；认可
(教材P31) The fishermen were my old friends，but they were unable to recognise me.
渔民们是我的老朋友，但他们没能认出我来。
[例1] I had already recognised the voice.
我早已听出了这个声音。
[例2] When I went there，one of my real brothers recognised me.
当我前往那里时，我的一个亲生兄弟认出了我。
[造句] 谁也没意识到形势有多么紧急。
Nobody recognised how urgent the situation was.
[知识拓展]
(1)recognise sb./sth.as... 承认……是……
be recognised as... 被公认为……
recognise that... 承认……；意识到……
(2)recognition n. 认识；认出
beyond recognition 认不出来
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Everyone recognised him as the lawful heir.
②It was recognised(recognise) that this solution could only be temporary.
③At last，her father's work has received popular recognition(recognise)．
知识要点9 turn one's back (on sb./sth.)对……置之不理，对……撒手不管
(教材P102) ...and finally turned its back on us.
……最后对我们撒手不管。
[例1] Did you really turn your back on his invitation?
你真的拒绝了他的邀请吗？
[例2] He turned his back on me and refused to lend me any money when I lost my job.
当我失业的时候，他根本不肯帮忙，一分钱都不愿意借给我。
[造句] 每次我向你求助你都不理不睬，为什么？
Every time I ask you for help，you turn your back on me.Why?
[知识拓展]
turn against 背叛
turn around 翻身，翻转，扭转
turn down 关小，调低(声音)；拒绝
turn in 交出，上交
turn off 关掉，关闭
turn on 打开，开启
turn to 向……求助；转向
turn up 调大；出现，露面
turn out 结果是，生产，制造
turn over 翻身，翻阅，打翻，翻转
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She didn't answer，and turned her back on him.
②They turn to you because they trust you.
③Her name constantly turns up in art circles.
④At first，they had no idea it would be as hard as it turned out to be.
[小片段填空]
The party was almost over，but Jane still didn't ①turn up.Tom was very disappointed.He didn't know why Jane didn't ②turn down his invitation if she didn't want to come.He ③turned over the bottles on the table，and the rest guests left the hall in shock.Tom ④turned off all the lights in the hall.No one could imagine how upset he was!
Sentence Patterns
重点句式1 the moment引导的状语从句
(教材P31) The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.
我一听到那个词，我就非常害怕。
句式分析：句中the moment相当于连词，引导时间状语从句。
[例1] The moment I got home my father went out.
我一到家，我父亲就出去了。
[例2] The moment I saw him I knew that there was no hope.
我一看到他我就知道没有希望了。
[造句] 我一闭上眼睛就睡着了。
The moment I closed my eyes I fell asleep.
[知识拓展]
类似的用法还有：
(1)every time，each time，the first time
(2)the instant，the minute
(3)immediately，directly
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The moment I see the general manager，I will tell(tell) him about the coming meeting.
②The first time they referred to the young pianist，I thought(think) he was a man without name.
③I came immediately(immediate) I heard the news.
重点句式2 how引导的感叹句
(教材P31) I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way，...
我开始想，以这样的方式死去是一件多么神奇的事啊……
[例1] How beautiful a girl she is!
她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！
[例2] How strange a feeling it was!
这是一种多么奇怪的感觉啊！
[造句] 他们多么愚蠢啊！他们相信那个人说的话。
How foolish they were! They believed what the man said.
[知识拓展]
(1)How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
How＋主语＋谓语！
(2)What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
What＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！
What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①What lovely weather we are having these days!
②How carefully the students are listening!
③What fine weather it is today!
重点句式3 the more...，the more...越……，越……
(教材P31) The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell...
第一，物体越大，下降速度越快……
句式分析：第一个“the＋比较级……”是条件状语从句，第二个“the＋比较级……”是主句。如果第二个“the＋比较级……”用一般将来时，则第一个“the＋比较级……”通常用一般现在时代替将来时。
[例1] The higher the ground is，the thinner the air becomes.
离地面越高，空气就越稀薄。
[例2] The hungrier they became，the harder they
worked.
他们越饿，就越努力工作。
[造句] 战争持续越久，那里的人们受难就越多。
The longer the war lasts, the more the people there will suffer.
[知识拓展]
(1)这个句型表示从句和主句的变化是同时进行的，即：主句的情况随着从句的情况而变化。两个“the＋比较级……”要分别放在两个句子的主谓结构之前，两句之间可以用逗号隔开。当意思很明白时，两句常采用省略形式。
(2)the more＋n.，the more＋n.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The more we do for the people，the happier (happy) we will feel.
②The more she learns，the more she wants to learn．
她越学越想学。
③The more English you practise，the better your English will be.
你练习英语越多，你的英语就越好。
教材
高考
1.A fisherman is trying to survive a storm.
(2019·天津卷)If a predator can eat several species，it can survive the extinction(灭绝)of one of them.
2.Without waiting，I jumped into the sea to try and escape.
(2019·天津卷)Yet，now that I'm growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex，I find myself needing a way to escape.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．What good children they are!
2．The busier he is，the happier(happy) he feels.
3．It is recognised(recognise) that Jane is the most intelligent girl among us.
4．Liz picked up the blue envelope and turned it over curiously(curious)．
5．I know it must be a frightening(frighten) experience for you.
6．They may hate what he does but their survival(survive) depends on him.
7．I need your help；please don't turn your back on me.
8．Everyone in the street was shocked(shock) when they heard the news.
9．She accidentally stepped on his foot on a crowded(crowd) train.
10．We have not seen the letter，so we can hardly comment on it.
Ⅱ.短语填空
after a while；in the face of；in the end；turn one's back on；adapt from；in the direction of
1．In the end，we all decided to organize a concert for Easter.
2．I turned to my father for help，but he turned his back on me.
3．We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.
4．They wandered off in the direction of the nearest store.
5．His music is difficult to listen to，but after a while it starts to grow on you.
6．This text is adapted from a story in Chinese literature.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
About three years ago，the storyteller experienced a horrible storm，1.which had broken his body and soul.
One day，he was out fishing around some islands with his two brothers when the sky 2.was covered(cover) with clouds.They were in a terrible storm in less than a minute.His 3.younger(young) brother fell into the seA．He and his elder brother were pushed 4.in the direction of the whirlpool and went round and round it.The storyteller felt sick，as if he was falling from 5.a mountain top in a dream.It may appear strange，but at that moment，when they were on the edge of the whirlpool，he felt calmer than when they were moving towards it.After a while，he made three important 6.observations(observe).7.Based(base) on what he had found，he tied 8.himself (he)to a barrel，which helped him to float.Although he tried to make his elder brother understand that he should do the same，his brother was too 9.frightened(frighten) and stayed in the heavy boat.10.Finally(final)，the storyteller was saved.
关系副词引导定语从句
[观察例句]
1．There are occasions when one must yield.
2．Beijing is the place where I was born.
3．Is this the reason why he refused our offer?
[归纳用法]
当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when，where和why。
一、关系副词when
1．when引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time，day，hour，month，year，在从句中作时间状语。
2．when既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。
3．关系副词when常可用“介词＋which”来代替。
I'll never forget the days when we stayed in the countryside.
我永远忘不了我们在乡下待过的日子。
(when引导限制性定语从句，可用 on which代替)
Do you still remember the time when we met our old friend John?
你还记得我们遇见我们的老朋友约翰的时候吗？
(when引导限制性定语从句，可用 at which 代替)
In the old days，when our country was not so strong，peasants lived a hard life.
在过去，我们的国家还没有这么富强的时候，农民们过着苦日子。
(when引导非限制性定语从句，可用in which 代替)
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，when the audience can buy icecream.
②The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
二、关系副词where
1．where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place，room，house，spot，school，country等，在从句中作地点状语。
They went into the hall where the meeting was being held.
他们走进正在开会的大厅。
2．where可以引导非限制性定语从句。
Opposite is St.Paul's Church，where you can hear some lovely music.
对面是圣保罗大教堂，在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。
3．关系副词where常可用“介词＋关系代词”构成的表示地点的介词短语代替。
Japan is the place where (in which) earthquakes frequently happen.
日本是地震频发的地方。
The office where (at which) he works is not far from here.
他工作的办公室离这儿不远。
[名师点津]
where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别
引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的名词作先行词，从句修饰先行词；引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。
He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.(定语从句)
他使自己陷入了一种危险的情况，他很可能会失去对飞机的控制。
When you read the book，you'd better make a mark where you have questions.(状语从句)
当你读这本书的时候，你最好在有疑问的地方做一下标记。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①They have reached the point where they split up.
②He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.
三、关系副词why
1．why引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示原因的名词，如 reason，excuse，explanation，在从句中作原因状语。
2．关系副词 why 常可用“介词for＋which”来代替。
[名师点津]
why不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，先行词是 reason，关系副词在定语从句中作状语时，应该用 for which 引导。
The reason why he was absent sounds reasonable.
他缺席的原因听起来很合理。(why引导限制性定语从句，可用for which代替)
Can you believe his reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday?
你能相信他昨天没来开会的理由吗？(why引导限制性定语从句，可用 for which 代替)
[即学即练3] 单句语法填空
①The reason why he resigned is known to us.
②That's the reason why she spoke.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
2．I often have the case where I can't recognise my friend's voice on the phone.
3．Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old when they swam in it.
4．In a sports team each player has a clear role，and there are few occasions when members are confused or uncertain of their roles.
5．Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
This is the village 1.where I was brought up，2.which is surrounded by trees and mountains.I still remember the days 3.when I played with my little friends.We often went to a nearby river，4.where we caught fish.But we usually went home late.That's the reason 5.why I often was scolded by my parents.Although there were only three hundred people there，the people enjoyed 6.themselves(them) and got along well 7.with each other.They worked in the field，8.where a variety of crops were planted.The only school was 9.located(locate) in the centre of the village，10.from which many students graduated.
Unit 5 Humans and Nature
All nature is but art，unknown to thee. —Pope
所有的自然都是艺术，这是你所不知道的。 ——波普
Nature is not governed except by obeying her. —Bacon
自然不可驾驭，除非顺从她。 ——培根
Deviation from nature is deviation from happiness. —Samuel Johnson
对自然的背离就是对欢乐的背离。 ——塞缪尔·约翰逊
Our motto，as you know，is “Live according to Nature”． —Seneca
如你所知，我们的格言是“遵照自然去生活”。 ——塞涅卡
The intimacy between man and Nature began with the birth of man on the earth，and becomes each century more intelligent and farreaching.To Nature，therefore，we turn as to the oldest aim and most influential teacher of our race；from one point of view，once our taskmaster，now our servant；from another point of view，our constant friend，instructor and inspirer.
Have you ever noticed that，in the summer，when your sweat dries it will leave marks on your Tshirt? The marks are tiny bits of salt.
If you go to the seaside，you will know that seawater does the same to your clothes，because it also has a lot of salt in it.
Water evaporates (蒸发) from the surface of the sea but the salt remains.Have you ever thought about whether the seas will keep getting saltier? The answer is no.The oceans have stayed at about 3.5 percent salt
content for hundreds of millions of years.It maintains a constant level of salt in different ways.
The outer hard crust of Earth is made up of a dozen or so hard plates that drift (漂流) on extremely hot，soft rock like floating islands on a seA．The heat within Earth is not the same everywhere and the plates move due to the heat.
When an ocean plate bumps into a land plate，the less dense land plate floats over the ocean one.The ocean floor gets pushed under，and its salty rocks，along with shells and bones，are lost deep within Earth.
So，that's why the seas are salty but don't get any saltier.
[探究发现]
1．Find out what are the marks on your Tshirt?
Tiny bits of salt.
2．Find out if the salt in the seas can evaporate?
No.
3．Find out if the heat within Earth is the same?
No.
SectionⅠ Topic Talk & Lesson 1
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.drought A．n.评论；意见
( )2.comment B．n.边缘
( )3.landscape C．n.面积；长度；范围；程度
( )4.climate D．n.讲座，讲课；演讲
( )5.lecture E．vi.& vt.逃离；逃避
( )6.escape F．n.风景，景色
( )7.edge G．n.气候
( )8.extent H．n.干旱，旱灾
[答案] 1—5 HAFGD 6—8 EBC
B．短语匹配
( )1.turn one's back on A．在……边缘；某事快要
发生(尤指不好的事)
( )2.all at once B．对……置之不理，
对……撒手不管
( )3.on the edge of C．突然
( )4.come to one's mind D．朝着……方向
( )5.in the direction of E．某人想起……
[答案] 1—5 BCAED
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．volcanic adj. 火山的；由火山作用引起的
2．wildlife n. 野生动植物，野生生物
3．living adj. 活的，活着的
4．insect n. 昆虫
5．million n. 百万
6．title n. 题目，标题
7．file n. 档案，卷宗
8．soul n. 灵魂
9．poetry n. 诗歌；作诗的艺术
10．equal adj. 相等的；相同的
Ⅰ.语境填词
survive；climate；disaster；escape；comment；drought；equal；wildlife；million；landscape
1．The pilots had to take emergency action to avoid a disaster．
2．The crops died during the drought．
3．She made helpful comments on my work.
4．Our unique natural landscape is so worthwhile to visit.
5．There is no solution to the question of climate change without forestry.
6．What would you do if you won a million dollars?
7．In the eyes of the scientists，all things are equal．
8．Of the six people injured in the crash，only two survived．
9．He escaped from prison this morning.
10．The island offers such a wide variety of scenery and wildlife．
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．The eruption(erupt) of the volcano makes many people lose their lives.
2．In the spring the place is crowded(crowd) with skiers.
3．It is shocking(shock) that they involved children in the crime.
4．If cancers are spotted early，there's a high chance of survival(survive)．
5．I'm frightened(frighten) of walking home alone in the dark.
6．I hate travelling by air because I get horribly(horrible) airsick.
7．The letter wasn't addressed to me but I opened it out of curiosity(curious)．
8．In hospital she'll be under observation(observe) all the time.
1．One day，my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going and got more fish than others.
有一天，我和我的两个兄弟从岛上回来，我们经常冒险去那里捕比别人更多的鱼。
2．The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.
我一听到那个词，我就非常害怕。
3．It may appear strange，but at that moment，when we were on the edge of the whirlpool，I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it.
这可能看起来很奇怪，但在那一刻，当我们位于漩涡的边缘时，我感到比我们朝它移动时更镇静。
4．Without waiting，I jumped into the sea to try and escape.
没有再等，我跳进海里尽力逃跑。
5．As you can see，the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.
如你所见，我之所以能够在这里讲这个故事，是因为我做了正确的决定。
词语助读
①terrible adj.可怕的
②soul n．灵魂
③single adj.简单的；单一的
④risk v．冒险 n．冒险
risk doing冒险做某事
at risk处在风险中
at the risk of冒……风险
⑤all at once突然
⑥be covered with 被……覆盖
⑦cry out大声喊出
⑧frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的
⑨in the direction of朝着……的方向
⑩hopeless adj.绝望的
⑪as if似乎；好像
⑫on the edge of... 在……边缘
⑬calm adj.镇静的；沉着的
⑭amazing adj.令人吃惊的；令人惊讶的
⑮over adv.结束(的)
⑯at great speed以极快的速度
⑰barrel n．桶
⑱after a while过了一会
⑲curious adj.好奇的
be curious about对……好奇
curiosity n．好奇；好奇心
out of curiosity出于好奇
⑳observation n．观察；观察结果
observe v．观察；庆祝；遵守
rapidly adv.快速地
equal adj.相等的；相同的
extent n．面积；长度
tube n．圆管，管子
tie vt.系；拴；绑
escape v．逃跑；逃避
decision n．决定
pull v．拉；拖；拽
in the end最后；终于
pick sb.up接某人
recognise vt.认出；辨出
原文呈现
A SEA STORY
About three years ago，something terrible① happened to me.That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul②.You think I am a very old man—but I am not.It took less than a single③ day to change my hair from black to white.
One day，my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked④ going and got more fish than others.All at once⑤，the sky was covered with⑥ dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm.A huge wave covered our boat and my younger brother fell into the seA．My elder brother put his mouth close to my ear and cried out⑦ “Moskoestrom！” The moment I heard the word I became very frightened⑧.[1] I knew what he meant by that one word well enough.
[1]the moment引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”。
With the wind and waves，we were going in the direction of⑨ the whirlpool.We were hopeless⑩.Nothing could save us.I felt sick，as if⑪ I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.We went round and round，nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool.It may appear strange，but at that moment，when we were on the edge of⑫ the whirlpool，I felt calmer⑬ than when we were moving towards it.I began to think how amazing⑭ a thing it was to die in such a way，and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature.Suddenly，we went over the edge.I thought my life was over⑮.But moment after moment passed，and I was still safe.
The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles at great speed⑯.I saw clearly that there were other objects in the whirlpool—trees and barrels⑰.After a while⑱，I became curious⑲ about the whirlpool itself.I then made three important observations⑳.The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell；the second，between two objects of equal extent，round objects fell down less rapidly；and the third，between two objects of the same size，objects shaped like a tube fell down more slowly.So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float.I tried to make my brother understand，but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat.Without waiting，I jumped into the sea to try and escape.
As you can see，the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision．[2] Some time after I left the boat，with my brother in it，it was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool.Soon after that，the whirlpool became less wild.Then the sky was clear，the wind calmer，and the moon was shining.I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were.In the end，a boat picked me up.I was very tired.The fishermen were my old friends，but they were unable to recognise me.When I told them my story，they did not believe it.Now I have told you，and I cannot expect you to believe me any more than the fishermen did.
[2]why引导定语从句修饰先行词reason；that引导表语从句。
译文参考
海上故事
大约三年前，我遭遇了一件可怕的事情。就在那一天，在短短六个小时里，我的身心受到重创，你认为我是一个很老的人——但我不是。那件事让我在不到一天的时间里，头发从黑变白了。
有一天，我和我的两个兄弟从岛上回来，我们经常冒险去那里捕比别人更多的鱼。突然，天空乌云密布，刹那间，我们就被卷入了可怕的风暴中。一个巨浪覆盖了我们的船，我弟弟掉进了海里。我哥哥把嘴贴近我的耳朵，喊出“莫斯肯漩涡！”我一听到那个词，我就非常害怕。我很清楚他说的那个词是什么意思。
伴随着风浪，我们朝着漩涡的方向前进。我们感到绝望。什么也救不了我们。我觉得恶心，像是在梦中从山顶上掉下来一样。我们转啊转，离漩涡可怕的边缘越来越近。这可能看起来很奇怪，但在那一刻，当我们位于漩涡的边缘时，我感到比我们朝它移动时更镇静。我开始想，以这样的方式死去是一件多么神奇的事啊，能够看到大自然的力量是多么美妙啊。突然，我们越过了边缘。我以为我的生命结束了。但时间一刻又一刻过去了，我仍然安然无恙。
船在巨大的漩涡里，我们以极快的速度兜圈子。我清楚地看到漩涡里还有别的东西——树和桶。过了一会儿，我开始对漩涡本身感到好奇。然后我做了三个重要的观察。第一，物体越大，下降速度越快；第二，在两个同等面积的物体之间，圆形物体下降得更慢；第三，在两个同样大小的物体之间，像管子一样的物体下降得更慢。所以我把自己绑在一个木桶上帮助我漂浮。我努力使我哥哥明白这一点，但他太害怕了，留在了沉重的木船里。没有再等，我跳进海里尽力逃跑。
如你所见，我之所以能够在这里讲这个故事，是因为我做了正确的决定。在我离开船一段时间之后，我的哥哥还在船上，和小船一起被拉进了漩涡的底部。不久之后，漩涡变得不那么狂野了。这时天空晴朗，风平静下来，月亮也闪耀着。我仍然被拴在木桶上，海浪很快把我带到其他渔民所在的地方。最后，一条船上的人把我救了起来。我很疲惫。渔民们是我的老朋友，但他们没能认出我来。当我告诉他们我的故事时，他们根本不相信。现在我已经把故事告诉你了，我不指望你能相信我，像那些渔民一样。
速读P30－P31教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．The author of the text was very old when the storm happened.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．When the storm happened，there were three persons in the boat.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．The author's elder brother first realised what happened to them.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．The author was calm first when the storm happened.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．The author realised that round objects fell down rapidly.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1—5 BAABB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．how wonderful it was to see the power of nature
B．where the other fishermen were
C．where we often risked going and got more fish than others
D．When I told them my story
E．when we were on the edge of the whirlpool
1．One day，my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands ________．
2．It may appear strange，but at that moment，________，I felt calmer.
3．I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way，and ________．
4．I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area ________．
5．________，they did not believe it.
[答案] 1—5 CEABD
Ⅲ.表格填空
Feelings
What happened
Frightened
When we came back from the islands 1.where we often risked going，the sky was covered with 2.dark clouds．A huge wave covered our boat and 3.my younger brother fell into the seA．
4.Hopeless
The wind and 5.waves made us go in the direction of the whirlpool.We were hopeless and I felt sick.
Calm
I felt 6.calmer when the boat was on the edge of the whirlpool.When the boat was on the inside of the whirlpool，I made three 7.observations．I tied myself to 8.a barrel and tried to make my brother understand it，but he was too 9.frightened.
Tired
The waves carried me away and 10.a boat picked me up.
细读P30－P31教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
( )1.ParA．1 A．The process of the storyteller fighting
against the “Moskoestrom”．
( )2.Paras.2～4 B．The storyteller survived the
“Moskoestrom”．
( )3.ParA．5 C．Something terrible happened
to the storyteller three years ago.
[答案] 1—3 CAB
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．What made the storyteller's hair change from black to white?
A．Medicine. B．Sorrow.
C．Something terrible. D．The old age.
2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The moment the storyteller heard the word “Moskoestrom”，he took it for granted.
B．When they were on the edge of the whirlpool，the storyteller felt calmer than when they were moving towards it.
C．The storyteller didn't see any other object in the whirlpool clearly.
D．The storyteller made four important observations.
3．Why didn't the storyteller's elder brother do the same?
A．He was too frightened.
B．He thought it was dangerous to do so.
C．He had no time to do so.
D．He wouldn't leave the boat.
4．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．The storyteller made the right decision and he survived.
B．Soon after the storyteller's brother was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool，the whirlpool became more wild.
C．When the storyteller was saved，the fishermen recognised him.
D．The fishermen believed the storyteller's story.
5．Who didn't save the storyteller?
A．The barrel. B．The storyteller himself.
C．Some fishermen. D．The storyteller's brother.
[答案] 1—5 CBAAD
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
A．阅读教材课文中含有描述个人心情的语句
1．The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.
2．We were hopeless.
3．I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it.
B．判断下列句子是否为描述个人心情的语句
1．...but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat.(是)
2．Without waiting，I jumped into the sea to try and escape.(不是)
3．The fishermen were my old friends，but they were unable to recognise me.(不是)
1．erupt vi.爆发，喷发→eruption n．爆发
2．crowd n．人群；一伙人；群众 v．挤满；使……拥挤；涌上(心头) →crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的
3．shock v．使震惊；使惊愕 n．震惊；惊愕；令人震惊的事；休克→shocked adj.感到震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的，令人惊愕的
4．survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存→survivor n．幸存者；幸免者→survival n．幸存，幸免
5．frighten v．使害怕，使受惊→frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的
6．horror n．震惊；恐惧；厌恶→horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的→horribly adv.可怕地；吓人地；令人恐惧地
7．curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n．好奇，好奇心
8．observe vt.观察；庆祝；遵守→observation n．观察，观察结果
1．equal adj.(大小、数量、价值等)相同的；平等的；同等的；(力气、勇气、能力等)相当的；能胜任的n.同等的人；相等物v.(大小、数量、价值等)与……相等，等于；比得上；敌得过；导致；结果为
①Research and teaching are of equal importance. 同等的
②Men also share the equal right to chase fashion. 平等的
③I hope that he proves equal to the job. 能胜任的
④She treats the people who work for her as her equals. 同等的人
⑤This achievement is unlikely ever to be equaled. 比得上
2．pick up 拾起，捡起；学会；结识；用车接；好转；恢复；收听；购买
①He has picked up slowly since he came out of hospital. 恢复
②I was able to pick you up on the short wave radio. 收听到
③I'll pick you up at the school gate. 用车接
④He picked up the book from the floor. 拾起，捡起
⑤The children have picked up the local accent. 学会
Words and Phrases
知识要点1 come to one's mind 某人想起……
(教材P28) What comes to your mind when you see the word “nature”？
当你看到单词“nature”时，你想到了什么？
[例1] I think I shall tell you a little story which just came to my mind.
我想，我可以告诉各位一个我刚想到的小故事。
[例2] Seeing the photo，the wonderful time they spent together came to his mind.
看到相片，他便想起了他们一起度过的美好时光。
[造句] 但是错过比赛的想法从来没在我脑海中出现。
Yet the thought of missing the game/match never even came to my mind.
[知识拓展]
keep/bear in mind... 记住……
absence/out of mind 心不在焉
find one's mind on 把注意力集中在……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We should all keep in mind the concept of “We” and practice it.
②Repeated failures have driven him out of his mind.
知识要点2 comment n．评论；意见 vt.& vi.发表意见，评论
[例1] You really can't comment until you know the fact.
你真的不能在知道事实之前进行评论。
[例2] There's been no comment so far from the police about the allegations.
到目前为止还没有来自警方对那些指控的任何解释。
[造句] 他在阿姆斯特丹的记者招待会上发表了意见。
He made his comments at a news conference in Amsterdam.
[知识拓展]
(1)comment on/upon 对……作出评价
(2)comment n. 评价
make comments on/upon 对……作出评价
no comment 无可奉告
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He did not comment on what I said.
②He made no comment on our proposal.
③They asked for comments on the new plan.
知识要点3 shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信n.震惊
(教材P29)The two students were shocked at the lecture on nature.
这两个学生被关于自然的演讲震惊了。
[例1] The news of my promotion came as a shock.
我获晋升的消息着实让我一惊。
[例2] It shocks you when something like that happens.
发生那样的事情，你会难以置信。
[造句] 救援人员被眼前的景象惊呆了。
Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.
[知识拓展]
(1)to one's shock 令某人震惊的是
It shocks sb.to do sth. 令某人害怕/震惊的是……
(2)shocked adj. 震惊的
be shocked at 对……震惊
(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/同义句转换
①To my shock，such an attack should happen in this school.
②I am sorry for having asked him.I was shocked(shock) at his refusal.
③I was shocked at seeing her smoking.
＝I was shocked to see(see) her smoking.
[小片段填空]
①To my shock，he refused my offer.When I met him again，I ②was shocked at his situation.It is ③shocking that he lost all his possessions in such a short time.
知识要点4 survive vi.幸存；生存下来vt.幸免于；从……中生还
(教材P30) A fisherman is trying to survive a storm.
一个渔民正试图从风暴中幸存下来。
[例1] My people have survived 400 years of slavery.
我的民族从400年的奴隶制中挺了过来。
[例2] All the trees planted last year have survived.
去年栽的树全都活了。
[造句] 他在事故中没受伤，真是(不幸中的)大幸！
He was very lucky to have survived the accident unhurt!
[知识拓展]
(1)survive sth. 在……中幸免于难，挺过……
survive (from sth.) (从……中)存活下来/留存下来
survive(on sth.) (靠……)存活
survive as sth. 作为……继续存在
survive sb.by...years 比某人多活了……年
(2)survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. 幸存，幸免
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Harry survived his wife by three months.
②A plane crashed yesterday，and there were no survivors (survive)．
③Amy's only chance of survival(survive) was a liver transplant.
[小片段填空]
I thought there would be little chance of ①survival，but luckily，I ②survived the terrible car crash last week and I was the only ③survivor of the accident.
知识要点5 frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的
(教材P31) The moment I heard the word I became very frightened．
我一听到那个词，我就非常害怕。
[例1] She was frightened that the plane would crash.
她害怕飞机会坠毁。
[例2] Miriam was too frightened to tell her family
what had happened.
米丽娅姆太害怕了以至于不敢告诉家人发生了什么事。
[造句] 她担心玻璃会破碎。
She was frightened that the glass would break.
[知识拓展]
(1)frightened adj. 感到害怕的
be frightened at... (听到……)吓了一跳
be frightened of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某事
(2)frightening adj. 令人惊恐的；骇人的
(3)frighten v. 使惊恐，使害怕
frighten sb.into/out of doing sth.
吓得某人做/不做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They frightened the old lady into signing(sign) the paper.
②Don't be frightened(frighten) of making mistakes when you speak English.
[名师点津]
由过去分词或现在分词转化来的形容词，是分词形容词。这些词已失去了动词的性质，大多数可被副词very或too修饰，有的还有比较级和最高级，故称为分词形容词。v.ing形式，意为“令人……的”，多用于指事物；v.ed形式，意为“感到……的”，多用于指人。
知识要点6 calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 v．使……平衡
(教材P31)...I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it.
……我感到比我们朝它移动时更镇静。
[例1] It is important to keep calm in an emergency.
情况紧急的时候，保持镇静是重要的。
[例2] Have some tea；it'll calm your nerves.
喝点茶吧，这会使你紧张的神经松弛下来。
[造句] 镇静点，告诉我出了什么事。
Try to keep calm and just tell me what happened.
[知识拓展]
(1)keep/remain calm 保持冷静
(2)calm down 平静下来
calm oneself down 使某人自己镇静下来
(3)calmly adv. 平静地
calmness n. 平静
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He is terribly excited.We must try to calm him down．
②The television announcer read the news calmly(calm)．
③Do not have a drink or take drugs to calm yourself(you) down.
[明辨异同]
calm
“镇静的；沉着的”，指无风浪或者人的心情不激动。
quiet
“安静的；宁静的”，指无声音，不吵闹或者心里没有烦恼或焦虑。
still
“不动的；静止的”，指无动作或运动的状态。
silent
“寂静的；沉默的，无语的”，指没有声音或不讲话。
[小片段填空]
When facing danger，one should keep ①calm；when someone else is asleep，one should keep ②quiet；in class，one shouldn't keep ③silent about the teacher's questions.
知识要点7 curious adj.好奇的；好打听的
(教材P31) After a while，I became curious about the whirlpool itself.
过了一会儿，我开始对漩涡本身感到好奇。
[例1] Everyone was curious about why Mark was leaving.
马克为什么要离去，大家都感到好奇。
[例2] He is such a curious boy，always asking questions.
他是个如此好奇的男孩，总是爱问问题。
[造句] 人们聚拢过来，很想知道发生了什么事情。
People gathered round，curious to know what is happening.
[知识拓展]
(1)be curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事
be curious that... 对……感到好奇
(2)curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲
from/out of curiosity 出于好奇
meet/satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
with curiosity＝curiously 奇怪地；好奇地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①As a little boy，he was curious about the origin of mankind.
②He's curious to know (know) what she said.
③Curiosity(curious) drove him into the cave to see what happened.
知识要点8 recognise vt.辨认出；承认；认可
(教材P31) The fishermen were my old friends，but they were unable to recognise me.
渔民们是我的老朋友，但他们没能认出我来。
[例1] I had already recognised the voice.
我早已听出了这个声音。
[例2] When I went there，one of my real brothers recognised me.
当我前往那里时，我的一个亲生兄弟认出了我。
[造句] 谁也没意识到形势有多么紧急。
Nobody recognised how urgent the situation was.
[知识拓展]
(1)recognise sb./sth.as... 承认……是……
be recognised as... 被公认为……
recognise that... 承认……；意识到……
(2)recognition n. 认识；认出
beyond recognition 认不出来
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Everyone recognised him as the lawful heir.
②It was recognised(recognise) that this solution could only be temporary.
③At last，her father's work has received popular recognition(recognise)．
知识要点9 turn one's back (on sb./sth.)对……置之不理，对……撒手不管
(教材P102) ...and finally turned its back on us.
……最后对我们撒手不管。
[例1] Did you really turn your back on his invitation?
你真的拒绝了他的邀请吗？
[例2] He turned his back on me and refused to lend me any money when I lost my job.
当我失业的时候，他根本不肯帮忙，一分钱都不愿意借给我。
[造句] 每次我向你求助你都不理不睬，为什么？
Every time I ask you for help，you turn your back on me.Why?
[知识拓展]
turn against 背叛
turn around 翻身，翻转，扭转
turn down 关小，调低(声音)；拒绝
turn in 交出，上交
turn off 关掉，关闭
turn on 打开，开启
turn to 向……求助；转向
turn up 调大；出现，露面
turn out 结果是，生产，制造
turn over 翻身，翻阅，打翻，翻转
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She didn't answer，and turned her back on him.
②They turn to you because they trust you.
③Her name constantly turns up in art circles.
④At first，they had no idea it would be as hard as it turned out to be.
[小片段填空]
The party was almost over，but Jane still didn't ①turn up.Tom was very disappointed.He didn't know why Jane didn't ②turn down his invitation if she didn't want to come.He ③turned over the bottles on the table，and the rest guests left the hall in shock.Tom ④turned off all the lights in the hall.No one could imagine how upset he was!
Sentence Patterns
重点句式1 the moment引导的状语从句
(教材P31) The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.
我一听到那个词，我就非常害怕。
句式分析：句中the moment相当于连词，引导时间状语从句。
[例1] The moment I got home my father went out.
我一到家，我父亲就出去了。
[例2] The moment I saw him I knew that there was no hope.
我一看到他我就知道没有希望了。
[造句] 我一闭上眼睛就睡着了。
The moment I closed my eyes I fell asleep.
[知识拓展]
类似的用法还有：
(1)every time，each time，the first time
(2)the instant，the minute
(3)immediately，directly
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The moment I see the general manager，I will tell(tell) him about the coming meeting.
②The first time they referred to the young pianist，I thought(think) he was a man without name.
③I came immediately(immediate) I heard the news.
重点句式2 how引导的感叹句
(教材P31) I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way，...
我开始想，以这样的方式死去是一件多么神奇的事啊……
[例1] How beautiful a girl she is!
她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！
[例2] How strange a feeling it was!
这是一种多么奇怪的感觉啊！
[造句] 他们多么愚蠢啊！他们相信那个人说的话。
How foolish they were! They believed what the man said.
[知识拓展]
(1)How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
How＋主语＋谓语！
(2)What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
What＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！
What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①What lovely weather we are having these days!
②How carefully the students are listening!
③What fine weather it is today!
重点句式3 the more...，the more...越……，越……
(教材P31) The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell...
第一，物体越大，下降速度越快……
句式分析：第一个“the＋比较级……”是条件状语从句，第二个“the＋比较级……”是主句。如果第二个“the＋比较级……”用一般将来时，则第一个“the＋比较级……”通常用一般现在时代替将来时。
[例1] The higher the ground is，the thinner the air becomes.
离地面越高，空气就越稀薄。
[例2] The hungrier they became，the harder they
worked.
他们越饿，就越努力工作。
[造句] 战争持续越久，那里的人们受难就越多。
The longer the war lasts, the more the people there will suffer.
[知识拓展]
(1)这个句型表示从句和主句的变化是同时进行的，即：主句的情况随着从句的情况而变化。两个“the＋比较级……”要分别放在两个句子的主谓结构之前，两句之间可以用逗号隔开。当意思很明白时，两句常采用省略形式。
(2)the more＋n.，the more＋n.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The more we do for the people，the happier (happy) we will feel.
②The more she learns，the more she wants to learn．
她越学越想学。
③The more English you practise，the better your English will be.
你练习英语越多，你的英语就越好。
教材
高考
1.A fisherman is trying to survive a storm.
(2019·天津卷)If a predator can eat several species，it can survive the extinction(灭绝)of one of them.
2.Without waiting，I jumped into the sea to try and escape.
(2019·天津卷)Yet，now that I'm growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex，I find myself needing a way to escape.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．What good children they are!
2．The busier he is，the happier(happy) he feels.
3．It is recognised(recognise) that Jane is the most intelligent girl among us.
4．Liz picked up the blue envelope and turned it over curiously(curious)．
5．I know it must be a frightening(frighten) experience for you.
6．They may hate what he does but their survival(survive) depends on him.
7．I need your help；please don't turn your back on me.
8．Everyone in the street was shocked(shock) when they heard the news.
9．She accidentally stepped on his foot on a crowded(crowd) train.
10．We have not seen the letter，so we can hardly comment on it.
Ⅱ.短语填空
after a while；in the face of；in the end；turn one's back on；adapt from；in the direction of
1．In the end，we all decided to organize a concert for Easter.
2．I turned to my father for help，but he turned his back on me.
3．We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.
4．They wandered off in the direction of the nearest store.
5．His music is difficult to listen to，but after a while it starts to grow on you.
6．This text is adapted from a story in Chinese literature.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
About three years ago，the storyteller experienced a horrible storm，1.which had broken his body and soul.
One day，he was out fishing around some islands with his two brothers when the sky 2.was covered(cover) with clouds.They were in a terrible storm in less than a minute.His 3.younger(young) brother fell into the seA．He and his elder brother were pushed 4.in the direction of the whirlpool and went round and round it.The storyteller felt sick，as if he was falling from 5.a mountain top in a dream.It may appear strange，but at that moment，when they were on the edge of the whirlpool，he felt calmer than when they were moving towards it.After a while，he made three important 6.observations(observe).7.Based(base) on what he had found，he tied 8.himself (he)to a barrel，which helped him to float.Although he tried to make his elder brother understand that he should do the same，his brother was too 9.frightened(frighten) and stayed in the heavy boat.10.Finally(final)，the storyteller was saved.
关系副词引导定语从句
[观察例句]
1．There are occasions when one must yield.
2．Beijing is the place where I was born.
3．Is this the reason why he refused our offer?
[归纳用法]
当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when，where和why。
一、关系副词when
1．when引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time，day，hour，month，year，在从句中作时间状语。
2．when既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。
3．关系副词when常可用“介词＋which”来代替。
I'll never forget the days when we stayed in the countryside.
我永远忘不了我们在乡下待过的日子。
(when引导限制性定语从句，可用 on which代替)
Do you still remember the time when we met our old friend John?
你还记得我们遇见我们的老朋友约翰的时候吗？
(when引导限制性定语从句，可用 at which 代替)
In the old days，when our country was not so strong，peasants lived a hard life.
在过去，我们的国家还没有这么富强的时候，农民们过着苦日子。
(when引导非限制性定语从句，可用in which 代替)
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，when the audience can buy icecream.
②The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
二、关系副词where
1．where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place，room，house，spot，school，country等，在从句中作地点状语。
They went into the hall where the meeting was being held.
他们走进正在开会的大厅。
2．where可以引导非限制性定语从句。
Opposite is St.Paul's Church，where you can hear some lovely music.
对面是圣保罗大教堂，在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。
3．关系副词where常可用“介词＋关系代词”构成的表示地点的介词短语代替。
Japan is the place where (in which) earthquakes frequently happen.
日本是地震频发的地方。
The office where (at which) he works is not far from here.
他工作的办公室离这儿不远。
[名师点津]
where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别
引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的名词作先行词，从句修饰先行词；引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。
He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.(定语从句)
他使自己陷入了一种危险的情况，他很可能会失去对飞机的控制。
When you read the book，you'd better make a mark where you have questions.(状语从句)
当你读这本书的时候，你最好在有疑问的地方做一下标记。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①They have reached the point where they split up.
②He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.
三、关系副词why
1．why引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示原因的名词，如 reason，excuse，explanation，在从句中作原因状语。
2．关系副词 why 常可用“介词for＋which”来代替。
[名师点津]
why不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，先行词是 reason，关系副词在定语从句中作状语时，应该用 for which 引导。
The reason why he was absent sounds reasonable.
他缺席的原因听起来很合理。(why引导限制性定语从句，可用for which代替)
Can you believe his reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday?
你能相信他昨天没来开会的理由吗？(why引导限制性定语从句，可用 for which 代替)
[即学即练3] 单句语法填空
①The reason why he resigned is known to us.
②That's the reason why she spoke.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
2．I often have the case where I can't recognise my friend's voice on the phone.
3．Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old when they swam in it.
4．In a sports team each player has a clear role，and there are few occasions when members are confused or uncertain of their roles.
5．Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
This is the village 1.where I was brought up，2.which is surrounded by trees and mountains.I still remember the days 3.when I played with my little friends.We often went to a nearby river，4.where we caught fish.But we usually went home late.That's the reason 5.why I often was scolded by my parents.Although there were only three hundred people there，the people enjoyed 6.themselves(them) and got along well 7.with each other.They worked in the field，8.where a variety of crops were planted.The only school was 9.located(locate) in the centre of the village，10.from which many students graduated.
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