高中英语北师大版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 7 ArtLesson 1 Masterpieces导学案

这是一份高中英语北师大版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 7 ArtLesson 1 Masterpieces导学案，共18页。
Unit 7 Art

Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
(　　)1.exhibition　 A．n.气氛；氛围
(　　)2.component B．adj.视觉的，视力的
(　　)3.atmosphere C．n.展出(会)，展览
(　　)4.figure D．n.组成部分
(　　)5.visual E．n.人像，人形；数字
[答案]　1—5　CDAEB
B．短语匹配
(　　)1.be considered as A．关于；至于
(　　)2.let out B．发出
(　　)3.a series of C．被认为是
(　　)4.as for D．高速地
(　　)5.at high speed E．一系列
[答案]　1—5　CBEAD
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．performance n. 表演；演出
2．classical adj. (音乐)古典的；传统的
3．stage n. 舞台；讲台；阶段
4．masterpiece n. 杰作；代表作
5．massive adj. 巨大的
6．affect vt. 影响
7．spot n. (圆)点；斑点；污渍
8．striking adj. 惊人的；显著的
9．scene n. 景色
10．reaction n. 反应

Ⅰ.语境填词
figure；exhibition；sight；masterpiece；atmosphere；visual；affect；striking；scream；component
1．We try and provide a very homely atmosphere．
2．More than seven million people have been affected by drought.
3．This is an important progress on the visual question of the computer.
4．You have to admit the models below are a real masterpiece．
5．My body figure is not perfect but in average and my appearance is OK.
6．You may be out of my sight，but never out of my mind.
7．She screamed when she bumped into me in the dark.
8．Her high nose is her most striking feature.
9．My girlfriend and I will go to the exhibition this Sunday.
10．If yes，you can use the components presented in this article.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．The audience was fascinated by their superb performances (perform)．
2．If it's a legal matter you need to seek professional (profession) advice.
3．You are very talented(talent) and we admire your passion for art.
4．The murderer was apparently mentally(mental) disturbed.
5．I just felt I had been a failure(fail) in my personal life.
6．These programmes are each watched by around 19 million viewers(view) every week.
7．Mark was dragged from the burning(burn) wreckage of his car.
8．I tried shaking him but there was no reaction(react)．

1．Van Gogh painted what he saw from his window－the night sky with clouds，stars and a moon.
凡·高画了他从窗子看到的东西——有云、星星、月亮的夜空。
2．His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh's mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.
他对色彩的不寻常的运用使专家们认为凡·高的精神疾病可能影响了他的视觉。
3．What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear－the figure's mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream.
这幅画最显著的特征是，它展示了一个带有恐惧表情的瘦弱的人物形象——这个人张大嘴巴，发出有力的呐喊。
4．It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside，surrounded by the darkness of night.
它展示了一个美丽的房子，里面有灯光，周围是黑夜。
5．As for Magritte himself，he thought that the change between day and night in the paintings was surprising.
至于马格利特本人，他认为画中昼夜的变化令人惊讶。

名师圈点
①Vincent van Gogh文森特·凡·高(1853年3月30日—1890年7月29日)，荷兰后印象派画家。代表作有《星空》、自画像系列、向日葵系列等。
②mentally adv.精神上；心理上
③massive adj.巨大的
④hang v．悬挂；吊；垂下
⑤beneath prep.& adv.在……(正)下方
⑥sleeping village沉睡的村庄
⑦affect vt.影响
⑧sight n．视力，视觉
⑨drug n．药物，药材
⑩spot n．(圆)点；斑点；污渍
⑪unique adj.独特的；独一无二的
⑫failure n．失败的事；失败
⑬striking adj.惊人的；显著的
⑭figure n．人物，人形；数字
⑮expression n．表情
⑯let out a scream发出尖叫声
⑰stormy adj.暴风雨的
⑱burning adj.燃烧着的
⑲orange­red橘红色
⑳as red as blood像血一样红
a series of一系列
René Magritte
勒内·马格利特，比利时超现实主义画家。对波普艺术的影响十分重大。作品有《戴圆顶硬礼帽的男子》、《夜的意味》、《袭击》、《白纸委任状》等。
scene n．景色
mysterious adj.神秘的；难以解释的
visual adj.视觉的，视力的
challenge vt.激发，激励；质疑；挑战
reaction n．反应
poetry n．诗歌；诗集
原文呈现
MASTERPIECES
The Starry Night was painted in June 1889 when Vincent van Gogh① was staying at a home for the mentally② ill.Van Gogh painted what he saw from his window—the night sky with clouds，stars and a moon[1]. However，he didn't just paint the clouds.He also painted the massive③ circles of white and yellow racing across the sky.The stars and the moon hang④ bright in the night sky.Beneath⑤ this amazing sky，we see a sleeping village⑥ and a dark，lonely tree.
[1]what引导宾语从句，作painted的宾语；what在从句中作saw的宾语。
His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh's mental illness may have affected⑦ his sense of sight⑧.He also took a drug⑨ that can make people see yellow spots⑩，just like the stars in The Starry Night.
Unfortunately，Van Gogh's unique⑪ paintings weren't very popular and he only sold one painting in his lifetime.He also thought The Starry Night was a failure⑫.However，the fact remains that The Starry Night is now one of the world's most famous paintings.[2]
[2]that引导表语从句。
The Scream was painted by Edvard Munch in 1893.What makes it striking⑬ is that it shows a thin figure⑭ with an expression⑮ of fear—the figure's mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream⑯.The figure covers his or her ears and looks directly at the viewer.This figure is set on a bridge above a dark，stormy⑰ sea，and against a burning⑱ orange­red⑲ sky.
In his diary，Munch talked about what inspired him.“I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set；suddenly the sky turned as red as blood⑳...I stood there shaking.Then I heard the scream of nature.”
Many experts say that The Scream is connected to Munch's mental health problems，which caused him a lot of pain.
The Empire of Light is a series of paintings by Belgian artist René Magritte.Between 1953 and 1954，he painted the same scene 27 times.It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside，surrounded by the darkness of night.What is strange is that above the house and the tree，we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds.[3] It seems like quite a mysterious scene.
[3]what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句。
Magritte was a painter inspired by his thoughts and ideas.His paintings were visual experiments as he tried to play with reality.His view was that art should shock the viewers and challenge their sense of reality.
The Empire of Light has produced different reactions in viewers.Some feel that the paintings look dark and troubling.Others，however，find them calming.As for Magritte himself，he thought that the change between day and night in the paintings was surprising.“I call this power poetry，”he said.

译文参考
杰作
《星空》是1889年6月文森特·凡·高住在精神病医院时创作的。凡·高画了他从窗子看到的东西——有云、星星、月亮的夜空。但他不仅画了云，还画了白色和黄色的巨大圆圈在天空中飞驰。星星和月亮明亮地挂在夜空中。在这神奇的天空下，我们看到一个沉睡的村庄和一棵黑暗、孤独的树。
他对色彩的不寻常的运用使专家们认为凡·高的精神疾病可能影响了他的视觉。他还服用了一种能让人看到黄色斑点的药物，就像《星空》中的星星一样。
不幸的是，凡·高的独特画作并不很受欢迎，他一生只卖出过一幅画。他还认为《星空》是一幅失败之作。然而，事实上《星空》现在是世界上最著名的绘画之一。
《呐喊》是爱德华·蒙克于1893年创作的。这幅画最显著的特征是，它展示了一个带有恐惧表情的瘦弱的人物形象——这个人张大嘴巴，发出有力的呐喊。这个人物捂住耳朵，直视观众。这个人站在一座桥上，下面是黑暗的、波涛汹涌的大海，背后是火一样橘红色的天空。
蒙克在他的日记中谈到了灵感的来源，“太阳落山时，我和两个朋友一起走在路上；天空突然变得像血一样红……我站在那里颤抖。然后我听到了大自然的尖叫。”
许多专家说《呐喊》与蒙克的精神健康问题有关，这给他带来了很大的痛苦。
《灯之王国》是比利时艺术家勒内·马格利特的一系列画作。从1953年到1954年，他画了27次同样的场景。它展示了一个美丽的房子，里面有灯光，周围是黑夜。奇怪的是，在房子和树的上方，我们看到的是亮如白昼的天空和柔软的白云。这似乎是一个相当神秘的场景。
马格利特是一位受到思想和观念启发的画家。当他试图玩弄现实时，他的画是视觉实验。他认为艺术应该震撼观众，挑战他们对现实的认知。
《灯之王国》在观众中产生了不同的反应。有些人觉得这些画看起来黑暗而令人不安。然而，其他人却发现他们很平静。至于马格利特本人，他认为画中昼夜的变化令人惊讶。“我称这种力量为诗歌，”他说。


速读P8－9教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．Van Gogh painted The Starry Night at his own home.
A．Right.　　　B．Wrong.　　　C．Not mentioned.
2．Some experts think that Van Gogh's mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．The Scream shows a fat figure with an expression of fear.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．The Empire of Light is not only a painting.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Viewers all admire The Empire of Light painted by Magritte.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案]　1—5　BABAB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear
B．What is strange
C．which caused him a lot of pain
D．that can make people see yellow spots
E．what he saw from his window
1．Van Gogh painted —the night sky with clouds，stars and a moon.
2．Van Gogh also took a drug ，just like the stars in The Starry Night.
3．What makes The Scream striking is ．
4．The Scream is connected to Munch's mental health problems， ．
5． is that above the house and the tree，we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds.
[答案]　1—5　EDACB
Ⅲ.表格填空

The Starry Night
The Scream
The Empire of Light
Painter
1.Vincent van
Gogh
Edvard Munch
2. RenéMagritte
What may have inspired the painter？
Van Gogh's 3.mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.He also took a drug that can make people see 4.yellow spots.
He 5.was walking down the road when the sun set; suddenly the sky turned as red as blood.Then he heard the scream of 6．nature．
He was inspired
by his 7．thoughts
and ideas.
Opinions about the painting？
He thought it was 8.a failure．

The painting is connected to his mental healthproblems, which caused him
much 9.pain.
He thought that the change between day and
night in the paintings was
10．surprising.


细读P8－9教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Paras.1～3　　　　　 A．The Empire of Light
2．Paras.4～6 B．The Starry Night
3．Paras.7～9 C．The Scream
[答案]　1－3　BCA
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．According to the passage，which is not included in The Starry Night?
A．The window.　　　　　 B．A dark lonely tree.
C．A sleeping village. D．The moon.
2．Why there are yellow spots in The Starry Night?
A．Because Van Gogh had mental illness.
B．Because Van Gogh used colour unusually.
C．Because Van Gogh took a drug.
D．Because there was a moon in the sky.
3．What did Edvard Munch want to show in The Scream?
A．Blood.　　　　 B．An expression of fear.
C．Viewer. D．Mental problems.
4．According to the passage，which one is NOT true?
A．The Starry Night is the earliest among the paintings mentioned in the passage.
B．Magritte thought his painting was surprising.
C．The Empire of Light is an important painting.
D．Magritte wanted to shock the viewers by his paintings.
5. The three paintings have something in common.What is it?
A．They are all about nature.
B．They all caused different reactions in viewers.
C．They all show the sky and use the colour of black.
D．They all have something to do with the mental health problems of the painters.
[答案]　1—5　ACBCC
Ⅲ.读后续写/概要写作微技能
A．阅读课文中含有描述景色的语句。
1．Beneath this amazing sky，we see a sleeping village and a dark，lonely tree.
2．This figure is set on a bridge above a dark，stormy sea，and against a burning orange­red sky.
3．It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside，surrounded by the darkness of night.
B．判断下列语句中哪些不是描述景色的语句。
1．He also took a drug that can make people see yellow spots，just like the stars in The Starry Night.
2．What is strange is that above the house and the tree，we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds.
3．His paintings were visual experiments as he tried to play with reality.

[答案]　1，3


1．perform vt.& vi.履行；执行；演出；表演；工作，运转→performer n．表演者；演奏者；演员→performance n．表演；演出
2．talent n．才能；天才；天资；天赋→talented adj.有才能的；有天资的
3．mental adj.精神的；精神状态的→mentally adv.精神上；心理上
4．fail vi.失败；未能做；不及格→failure n．失败的事；失败
5．react vi.反应；回应→reaction n．反应

figure n．人像，人形；数字；身材；人物
①These figures indicate why the Negroes live in such deep poverty.
数字
②She had an excellent figure and walked with an air. 身材
③Mclean has become a figure known to everyone so far. 人物

Words and Phrases
　performance n．表演；演出；表现
(教材P6) dance/band performances
舞蹈/乐队演出
[例1]　That study looked into the performances of 18 surgeons.
那项研究调查了18名外科医生的工作表现。
[例2]　The Festival of Asian Arts & Music will include two days of live performances.
亚洲艺术音乐节将安排两天的现场表演。
[造句]　绝不容许个人问题影响你的表现。
You never allow personal problems to affect your performance.
[知识拓展]
(1)give/put on a performance 演出
(2)perform v. 表演；执行
perform one's promise 履行诺言
perform an operation/a play/an experiment
进行手术/演一场戏/做实验
(3)performer n. 表演者
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The teacher was very pleased with the performance(perform) of the children.
②Alex and Andy performed(perform) skillfully and they won the first prize.
③She was the only performer(perform) and I was the only audience.
　talented adj.有才能的；有天资的
(教材P6)They are all very talented.
他们都非常有才能。
[例1]　People wanted to know who this talented designer was.
人们想知道这位天才设计师是谁。
[例2]　Talented as he is，he is not yet ready to turn professional.
别看他有天分，他还没把心用到专业上去。
[造句]　你是个很有天赋的女孩，我一直以来都以你为荣。
You are such a talented girl and I have always been proud of you.
[知识拓展]
(1)talent n．　　　 　　　 天才；天赋
have/show a talent for 有/显示……的天赋
(2)gifted adj. 有天赋的；天才的
be gifted/talented in＝have a gift/talent for
对……有天赋；有……天赋
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①As a youth he had been discovered a talented(talent) teacher.
②My father has a gift for playing the piano，which has a great influence on us.
[小片段助记]
The talented singer gave us an excellent performance last night.She showed a talent for singing at her young age.How I wish I could be talented in singing as well.
　spot n．(圆)点；斑点；污渍；地点，现场vt.发现；认出
(教材P8) He also took a drug that can make people see yellow spots，just like the stars in The Starry Night.
他还服用了一种能让人看到黄色斑点的药物，就像《星空》中的星星一样。
[例1]　She was wearing a black skirt with white spots.
她穿着一条黑底白点的裙子。
[例2]　His jacket was covered with spots of mud.
他的上衣满是泥点。
[造句]　他们在岛上最著名的几处旅游景点作了停留。
They stayed at several of the island's top tourist spots.
[知识拓展]
(1)spot sb.(doing sth.)　　　 发现某人(在做某事)
be spotted with 散布；点缀
(2)on the spot 当场；在现场
put sb.on the spot 为难某人
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The desks in the classroom were all spotted with ink.
②The police spotted him driving(drive) a stolen car.
③This will put him on the spot and will not do anything to improve your chances.
　figure n．人物；名人；数字；身材；虚拟形象v.估计；理解；认为；(以重要地位)出现；打算
(教材P9)What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear...
这幅画最显著的特征是，它展示了一个带有恐惧表情的瘦弱的人物形象……
[例1]　Experts put the real figure at closer to 75%.
专家们估计真实的数字较接近于75%。
[例2]　I figured (that) if I took the night train，I could be in Scotland by morning.
我认为，如果我坐晚上那班火车，早上就可以到苏格兰。
[造句]　大多数人都熟悉京剧中的这一人物。
Most people are familiar with this figure from Beijing Opera.
[知识拓展]
(1)figure out　　　　 弄明白；计算出
figure on 指望；估计到
figure sth.in 将某物包括/计算在内
(2)keep one's figure 保持身材
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①How does she manage to keep her (she) figure when she eats so much?
②How do you figure out what you want to see?
③We figure on your coming (come) early to help us.
　let out放出；发出(叫喊等)；放宽，放大(衣服等)；泄露
(教材P9)...the figure's mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream.
……这个人张大嘴巴，发出有力的呐喊。
[例1]　When she saw him，she let out a cry of horror.
她看见他时吓得大叫一声。
[例2]　Jenny was careless to let out the secret.
珍妮不小心泄露了秘密。
[造句]　我准备让人把这条裙子加大。
I'm going to have this skirt let out.
[知识拓展]
let down　　　　　　　 使失望
let alone 更不用说，更别提
let in 让……进来，放进
let go of　 放开，释放；松手
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Open the window and let some fresh air in．
②We don't know their names；let alone make a phone call to them.
③I don't want to let parents down．
　scene n．景色；场景；(戏剧)一场；现场；事发地点
(教材P9)Between 1953 and 1954，he painted the same scene 27 times.
从1953年到1954年，他画了27次同样的场景。
[例1]　The scene was astonishing to me，to every one standing by.
这情景使我和每一位旁观者都很惊诧。
[例2]　Mary was only in one scene of the play，but she stole the show from the stars.
玛丽只演了一幕戏，但她抢尽了其他演员的镜头。
[造句]　警方赶到了凶杀现场。
The police arrived at the scene of the murder.
[知识拓展]
on the scene　　　　　 在现场；当场
behind the scenes 在幕后；暗中
appear/come on the scene 当场；登场
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①A reporter on the scene covered the event.
②The leading player is ill.Let his understudy appear on the scene.
　challenge n．挑战v.挑战；激发，激励；质疑
(教材P9)His view was that art should shock the viewers and challenge their sense of reality.
他认为艺术应该震撼观众，挑战他们对现实的认知。
[例1]　Schools must meet the challenge of new technology.
学校必须迎接新技术的挑战。
[例2]　She does not like anyone challenging her authority.
她不喜欢任何人挑战她的权威。
[造句]　我喜欢挑战别人拒绝做的工作。
I like the challenge of doing jobs that others turn down.
[知识拓展]
(1)challenge sb.to sth.　 向某人挑战某事
challenge sb.to do sth. 向某人挑战做某事
beyond challenge 无与伦比，无可非议
face/meet the challenge of... 面对/迎接……的 挑战
(2)challenging adj. 有挑战性的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We're going to challenge them to another football match.
②He challenged me to show(show) my proof.
③I'd like to find a job which is more challenging(challenge)．
　reaction n．反应
(教材P9) The Empire of Light has produced different reactions in viewers.
《灯之王国》在观众中产生了不同的反应。
[例1]　The decision provoked an angry reaction from local residents.
这个决定引起了当地居民的愤怒抗议。
[例2]　This is the reaction of power of the sun.
这是太阳能量的反应。
[造句]　他有点害怕父亲的反应。
He was a little bit afraid of his father's reaction.
[知识拓展]
react vi.　　　　　　 起反应，回应
react on (upon) ... 对……起作用，对……有影响
react against 反抗，反对
react to... 对……作出反应
react with... 与……起反应
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wish.
②Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.
③How did he react to your suggestion?
Sentence Patterns
　not...but...句型
(教材P7) Art is not what you see，but what you make others see.
艺术不是你看到什么，而是你让其他人看到什么。
[句式分析]
句中的not...but...表示“不是……，而是……”，连接并列的表语。
[例1]　The meal is not for one，but for all to enjoy.
这顿饭不是为一个人所做，而是供所有人享用。
[例2]　You should pay attention not to what they say but what they do.
你不应该注重他们说什么，而应该注重他们做什么。
[造句]　他不是丑，而是有点奇怪。
He is not ugly，but a bit strange.
[知识拓展]
not...but...可以连接并列的主语、宾语或表语；连接并列主语时，谓语的数适用于就近原则。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She wants to buy not a skirt，but a dress.
②Not you but your father is (be) to blame.
　现在分词作伴随状语
(教材P9) I stood there shaking．
我站在那里颤抖。
[句式分析]

[例1]　The dog entered the room，following the boy.
这条狗跟着男孩进了屋。
[例2]　Please make a sentence using this word.
请用这个词造个句子。
[造句]　六个盲人站在那讨饭。
Six blind men stood there begging for a meal.
[知识拓展]
(1)分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。
(2)分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。当现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，则用现在分词的完成式；当所表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生，则用现在分词的一般式。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Walking(walk) or sleeping，this subject was always in my mind.
②Hearing(hear) the news，they all jumped with joy.
③Having eaten(eat) his dinner，the boy rushed out.

What is strange is that above the house and the tree，we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds.
[分析]　What is strange是what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语；that引导表语从句。
[翻译]　奇怪的是，在房子和树的上方，我们看到的是亮如白昼的天空和柔软的白云。

教材
高考
1.dance/bandperformances
(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I'm not a trained musician, but I've learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.
2.They are all very talented.
(2020·天津卷)I've heard that you are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well.
3.He also took a drug that can make people see yellow spots, just like the stars in The Starry Night.
(2020·浙江卷)A bright spot for me turned out to be reading.My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening.
4.What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear...
(2020·天津卷)Vinnie's face turned red.She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure.


Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Walking(walk) slowly across the grass，he pointed the gun at the lion and fired.
2．Not you but I am(be) responsible for it.
3．I never know him，let alone his family.
4．I wish you and your lovers all the best in the challenging(challenge) future.
5．What was his reaction to the news?
6．We feel honored to be on the scene while all this is happening.
7．All people like to be successful but afraid of failure(fail)．
8．A soldier then spotted him trying(try) to escape and shot him dead.
9．We must figure out how to solve the problem.
10．She is very creative (create)—she writes poetry and articles.
Ⅱ.短语填空
on the spot；figure out；let out；react to；be talented in；a series of
1．It is not because I am talented in singing nor I am deserved.
2．Two of the robbers were killed on the spot．
3．There is a series of science and technology on the desk.
4．I figured out this problem without any effort.
5．The man let out a cry and jumped back several paces.
6．The president reacted to the comments on a television talk show.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
In June 1889，Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night at a home for the 1.mentally (mental)ill，which shows the night sky 2.with circles of white and yellow.Some experts think Van Gogh's mental illness may have an effect 3.on his sense of sight.Nowadays，the painting is one of the world's most famous 4.paintings(painting)．
Edvard painted The Scream in 1893.It is 5.striking(strike) that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear，6.whose mouth is letting out a 7.powerful(power) scream.
The Empire of Light was painted by René Magritte between 1953 and 1954，who was a painter 8.inspired(inspire) by his thoughts and ideas.The painting shows a beautiful house lit by lights，surrounded by the darkness of night.Different people show different 9.reactions(react) to the paintings.Some think they look dark and 10.troubling(trouble) but others find them calming.


名词性从句
[观察例句]
1．What he wants to tell us is not clear.
2．It is known to us how he became a writer.
3．He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
4．This is where our problem lies.
[归纳用法]
一、名词性从句的引导词
连接词：that、 if、 whether
连接代词：who、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever、how much、how many
连接副词： when、where、why、how、how long、how soon、how often
二、主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。
What we need is more time.
我们所需要的是更多的时间。
Who will win the match is still unknown.
谁将赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
(1)It ＋ be ＋ 名词 ＋ that从句
(2)It ＋ be ＋ 形容词 ＋ that从句
(3)It ＋ be ＋ 动词的过去分词 ＋ that从句
(4)It ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ that 从句
[即学即练1]　单句语法填空
①The father and son got lost in the mountain and they had to eat whatever food they could find there.
②It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
三、宾语从句
名词性从句中作句子宾语成分的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1．由连接词that引导的宾语从句
当连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
他说这篇课文非常重要，我们应该背下来。
[名师点津]
在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist，desire，request，command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“(should)＋动词原形”。
I insist that she (should) do her work alone.
我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.
司令员命令部队马上出发。
2．who，whom，which，whose，what，when，where，why，how，whoever，whatever，whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
I want to know what he has told you.
我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well.
她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
3．whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不能用if：
①引导主语从句并在句首时；
②引导表语从句时；
③引导从句作介词宾语时；
④从句后有“or not”时；
⑤后接动词不定式时。
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
The trouble is whether he can come on time.
问题是他是否能按时来。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
I wonder whether he will come or not.
我想知道他来还是不来。
4．在think，believe，imagine，suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。
We don't think you are here.
我们认为你不在这儿。
I don't believe he will do so.
我相信他不会这样做。
[即学即练2]　单句语法填空
①I asked him what his father had done so that he became such a good person.
②Our teacher always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
四、表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ that从句。
The fact is that we have lost the game.
事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That's just what I want.
那正是我想要的。
[名师点津]
当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
他迟到的原因是今天早上晚了一分钟没赶上火车。
[即学即练3]　完成句子
①这就是我们认为更容易放弃的地方。
This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up.
②对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．That the storm will continue makes the public worried.
2．Who will be in charge of the company remains a mystery.
3．What makes the book so special is the name of the writer.
4．He was late for work today.That was because his car broke down on the way.
5．That is why he loved her more than us.
6．I'm not sure who is more frightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
7．The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins first place in the bicycle race.
8．I think what impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
9．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That's where I was born.”
10．It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
There was an accident on the corner of the street this morning.No witness saw 1.what on earth happened then.A car crashed into a truck but luckily no one got 2.injured(injure).3.Who will be responsible for the accident is still under 4.investigation(investigate)．The police are uncertain about the cause that led to the accident.The truck driver looked as if he was 5.guilty(guilt)．He was too nervous to say a word.6.What the police would do is to figure out the truth.They said it was difficult for them to judge 7.who should be to blame.8.How this happened was still not clear.It was certain 9.that the car driver was too tired to stop the car.The car driver didn't admit the fact that he was over speeding at the crossroads.The police doubted 10.whether what he said was true.