高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 5 What an adventure!学案及答案

这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 5 What an adventure!学案及答案，共6页。

非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
[观察例句]
①T wrk means t earn a living.
②Learning English all by yurself is nt s easy.
③It is very difficult (fr us) t learn Chinese well.
④It is fun talking with a freign teacher.
⑤They began t search the rm fr the thief.
⑥Yur car needs repairing badly.
⑦His hbby is cllecting stamps.
⑧What I wuld suggest is t start wrk at nce.
1．以上例句中①②③④为非谓语动词作主语；⑤⑥为非谓语动词作宾语；⑦⑧为非谓语动词作表语。
2．例句③④中非谓语动词作主语，都可用it作形式主语。
3．例句⑥中主动形式表示被动含义。
4．例句⑦中动名词作表语表示多次的、经常性的行为，而例句⑧中动词不定式作表语表示一次性行为。
[归纳用法]
一、非谓语动词概述
动词的非谓语形式是指不能单独作谓语，但仍保留某些谓语特征的动词形式。非谓语形式有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。非谓语形式没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
二、非谓语动词的形式
[名师点津] 非谓语的否定形式，是在非谓语的前面加nt，如nt t d, nt ding, nt t be dne, nt having dne。
三、非谓语动词的句法功能
四、非谓语动词的语法功能
1．非谓语动词作主语
(1)动名词和动词不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为；动词不定式作主语尤指一次性动作。
T wash the curtains is yur task tday.
你今天的任务是洗窗帘。
Playing with fire is dangerus.
玩火会很危险。
(2)动名词和动词不定式作主语，都可用it作形式主语， 经常用于以下句型中：
①It is/was n use/gd/wrth ding sth.
②It＋be＋名词＋t d sth.
③It＋be＋difficult/easy/imprtant/impssible/necessary ...＋ fr sb. t d sth.
④It＋be＋careless/clever/flish/hnest/kind/wise ...＋f sb. t d sth.
It is imprtant fr us t keep the water clean.
保持水质清洁对我们来说很重要。
It is kind f yu t take me t the statin.
承蒙送到车站，您真是太好了。
2．非谓语动词作宾语
非谓语中的动词不定式和动名词在句子中可以作宾语。动词不定式作宾语一般表示一次性的动作或将来的动作；动名词作宾语常表示经常性的动作或正在进行的动作。但在很多情况下。两者可以通用，使用时要注意一些特殊的规则。
(1)下列动词一般用动词不定式作宾语：decide, determine, learn, want, expect, hpe, wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, ffer, prmise, chse, plan, agree, ask, beg, help。为了方便记忆，我们总结了以下口诀：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
(2)下列动词或词组后一般用动名词：cnsider, suggest, advise, lk frward t, excuse, pardn, admit, delay, put ff, fancy, avid, miss, keep, keep n, practice, deny, finish, enjy, appreciate, frbid, imagine, risk, can't help, mind, allw, permit, escape。总结口诀如下：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
此外，be used t, be accustmed t, lead t, devte t, stick t, bject t, get dwn t, pay attentin t, give up, feel like, insist n, have difficulty (in), spend time(in)等短语后也要用动名词作宾语。
(3)下列动词或词组既可以用动名词作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。
frgeteq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth. 忘记要做某事,ding sth. 忘记已经做过某事))
remembereq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth. 记得要做某事,ding sth. 记得做过某事))
regreteq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth. 很遗憾要去做某事,ding sth. 后悔做过某事))
tryeq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth. 努力做某事,ding sth. 试着做某事))
meaneq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth. 打算做某事,ding sth. 意味着做某事))
(4)动词allw，permit，frbid，advise等后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用不定式作宾语补足语。
Srry, we dn't allw making nises in the reading rm.
对不起，在阅览室里不准喧哗。
We dn't allw students t make nises in the reading rm.
我们不允许学生在阅览室里喧哗。
(5)need，want，require作“需要”讲，deserve作“应受，应得”讲时，其后用动名词的主动形式(ding)或不定式的被动形式(t be dne)表被动意义。be wrth后也用动名词的主动形式(ding)表达被动含义。
The windw needs/requires/wants t be cleaned/cleaning.
这扇窗户需要擦一下。
(6)think，find，feel，make，believe等动词可用于“动词＋it＋形容词＋t d sth.”结构。在此句型中，it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
I think it ur duty t bey the laws.
我认为遵守法律是我们的义务。
3．非谓语动词作表语
(1)动词不定式作表语表示主语的职业、职责或性质等，从时间概念上说含有将来的意义。
Her ambitin is t be a cinema actress.
她的目标是当一名电影演员。
The mst imprtant purpse f first aid is t save ne's life.
急救最重要的目的是挽救生命。
[名师点津] 当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的不定式只作单纯的表语，不具有未来的含义。
The secret f a happy life is t accept change gracefully.
幸福生活的秘密是优雅地接受变化。
(2)主语部分含有行为动词d时，作表语的不定式可省略t。
What he wanted t d was (t) becme a skillful wrker.
他想要做的就是成为一名技术熟练的工人。
(3)动名词作表语时，句子主语通常是无生命的事物或由what引导的名词性从句，多指抽象的、概念性的动作，也可以是多次的、经常性的行为。
Her first delight was ging t the Twer f Lndn.
她最高兴的事是去伦敦塔。
Our jb is playing all kinds f music.
我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。
[名师点津] 动名词和动词不定式作表语的区别：
动名词和动词不定式作表语时通常可互换，但当非谓语形式所表达的是某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时，通常用动词不定式作表语；若非谓语形式所表达的并不强调动作，而是表示主语的内容，则通常用动名词作表语。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①I fund it difficult t see him here.
我发现在这里见到他是很难的。
②It is wrth making an appintment befre yu g.
去之前预约一下是值得的。
③The driver failed t see the ther car in time．
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
④It is easy t learn it well.
学好它很容易。
⑤The car needs/requires/wants t be repaired/repairing．
这辆汽车需要修理。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When I was a yung by，I lved climbing(climb)trees.
2．Fr thse with family members far away，the persnal cmputer and the phne are imprtant in staying cnnected(cnnect)．
3．Ignring(ignre) the difference between the tw research findings will be ne f the wrst mistakes yu make.
4．They cheered fr regaining(regain) the tenth at last all tgether.
5．There is n easy way t success in language learning.A gd memry is a great help，but it is nt enugh nly t memrize(memrize) rules frm a grammar bk.
6．But sme students didn't want t wear(wear) the unifrm.
7．Even if a grade is nt given，the student is respnsible fr learning(learn) the material assigned.
8．Yu may drink，smke，be verweight and still reduce yur risk f dying(die) early by running.
9．His ambitin is t g(g) t Harvard University.
10．We gt a little sunburned/sunburnt(sunburn)，but the day had been s relaxing that we didn't mind.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
A fairy was flitting sftly thrugh the blue sky when she saw a King and a Queen weeping in a garden.
“1.Seeing (see) is believing，” the fairy said t herself.“A King and a Queen culd be sad smetimes.” The Queen gently fingered a baby hat with a sigh.“2.It wuld be s nice t have a child.”
“Indeed.What a jy it wuld be 3.t take (take) care f a child f ur wn! Is it a gd idea 4.t try(try) sme magic grasses and flwers？” said the King.
Withut a wrd, she lked up at him lngingly.
The fairy decided 5.t d (d) the cuple a great favur.
Sn the Kingdm had a lvely princess.The King invited seven fairies 6.t be (be) present at the great event.Each f the seven fairies had a gift fr the child.But just after the sixth fairy had given the princess her gift, the gate suddenly pened wide.
7．Standing (stand) in the middle f the hall was a witch in black.“The King had invited all the fairies but I did nt hear frm him，” she said cldly t the Queen, speaking as thugh she were an equal.The King fund 8.it hard t put up with that.
“Hw wuld it be 9.t learn(learn) I did nt invite yu？”
“I dn't care，” she turned t the Queen with a smile.“But nw that I am here.I dn't knw what 10.t wear (wear) and hw t behave.I dn't knw whether t laugh r cry at this special mment.”非谓语形式
主动形式
被动形式
动词
不定
式
一般式
t d
t be dne
进行式
t be ding
——
完成式
t have dne
t have been dne
完成进行式
t have been ding
——
动名词
一般式
ding
being dne
完成式
having dne
having been dne
现在分词
一般式
ding
being dne
完成式
having dne
having been dne
过去分词
dne
——
——
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
分词
√
√
√
√