高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 6 Disaster and hope导学案

Unit 6 Nature in words

如何写英语诗歌

诗歌是各种英语文体中最富有激情和感情色彩的一种。诗歌往往用高度凝练的语言来表达诗人的喜怒哀乐。

诗歌的篇幅一般短小精悍、语言精练、感情强烈。在格式上，英语诗歌同汉语诗歌一样讲究押韵。诗的押韵是指通过重复元音或辅音以达到一定的音韵效果，一首诗的押韵具有带规律性的一致性，尤其是在诗句的末尾，称尾韵。

现代诗歌可以押韵，也可以不押韵，但是写作时需注意两点：

1．要有节奏感。没有节奏感的诗歌，不能算诗，最多算是分行的散文。

2．要把握句子结构的平衡。也就是诗句长短不要相差太多，否则读起来给人不平衡、不舒服之感。

下面我们欣赏一首佳作：

When You Are Old

When you are old and grey and full of sleep，

And nodding by the fire，take down this book，

And slowly read，and dream of the soft look，

Your eyes had once，and of their shadows deep；

How many loved your moments of glad grace，

And loved your beauty with love false or true，

But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you，

And loved the sorrows of your changing face；

And bending down beside the glowing bars，

Murmur，a little sadly，how love fled，

And paced upon the mountains overhead，

And hid his face amid a crowd of stars.

这首诗的作者是William Butler Yeats(威廉·巴特勒·叶芝)。叶芝是爱尔兰最伟大的诗人之一，对现代诗有很大影响。这首诗是叶芝写给自己心爱的人的情诗。诗中的主人公“你”指的是爱尔兰革命家Maud Gonne，叶芝遇见她并爱上她，曾多次向其求婚，均未成功，但他对她爱慕终生，于是就有了这篇经典之作。

全诗共三节，前两节均是对 Maud Gonne的爱意的倾诉。第一节中虽然多次用第二人称“你”，但实际上是描述作者自己心中的所思所想。第二节中诗人采用了对比的手法，讲述了对 Maud Gonne的爱慕之情，突出自己永恒的爱。最后一节诗人描述了自己内心悲伤的感情。诗中sleep/deep，book/look，grace/face，bars/stars，fled/overhead这几组韵调使诗歌富于音韵感，有音律美，节奏感强，读起来琅琅上口。

纵观全诗，没有华丽的辞藻，也找不到甜蜜的情话，有的只是平淡的文字背后寄予的永恒的爱意和深情，反而能让读者久久回味。

请以The Significance of Failure为题写一首英文现代诗歌，句尾可以押韵，也可以不押韵，但每句诗都要以排比的形式重复使用Failure doesn't mean...It does mean....

【参考范文】

The Significance of Failure

Failure doesn't mean you are a failure，

It does mean you haven't succeeded yet.

Failure doesn't mean you have accomplished nothing，

It does mean you have to do something in a different way.

Failure doesn't mean you are inferior，

It does mean you are not perfect.

Failure doesn't mean you've wasted your life，

It does mean you have a reason to start afresh.

Failure doesn't mean you have been a fool，

It does mean you had a lot of faith.

Failure doesn't mean you've been disgraced，

It does mean you were willing to try.

Failure doesn't mean you should give up，

It does mean you must try harder.

Failure doesn't mean you'll never make it，

It does mean it will take a little longer.