2022年高考英语语法解析--动词不定式的用法学案

这是一份2022年高考英语语法解析--动词不定式的用法学案，共5页。
2022年高考英语语法解析--动词不定式的用法 　　1 不定式作宾语　　动词+ 不定式　　afford, aim, appear, agree, arrange, ask, be, decide, bother, care, choose, come, dare, demand, desire, determine, expect, elect, endeavor, hope, fail, happen, help, hesitate, learn, long, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wait, wish, undertake　　The driver failed to see the other car in time.　司机没能及时看见另一辆车。　　I happen to know the answer to your question.　我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。　　2) 动词+不定式;动词+宾语+不定式　　ask, beg, choose, expect, hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish　　I like to keep everything tidy.　我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。　　I like you to keep everything tidy.　我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。　　I want to speak to Tom.　 我想和汤姆谈话。　　I want you to speak to Tom.　 我想让你和汤姆谈话。　　3) 动词+疑问词+ to　　decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell　　Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。　　There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。　　注意　　疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。如：The question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。　　2. 不定式作补语　　1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)　　advise, allow, appoint, believe, cause, challenge, command, compel, consider, declare, drive, enable, encourage, find, forbid, force, guess, hire, imagine, impel, induce, inform, instruct, invite, judge, know, like, order, permit, persuade, remind, report, request, require, select, send, state, suppose, tell, think, train, trust, understand, urge, warn　　a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.　父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。　　b. We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。　　Find 的特殊用法　　Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。　　I found him lying on the ground.　　I found it important to learn.　　I found that to learn English is important.　　典型例题　　The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.　　A. lying　 B. lie　 C. lay　 D. laying　　答案：A. find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。　　2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。　　acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel, find,　guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand　　We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。　　典型例题　　Charles Babbage is generally considered　___ the first computer.　　A. to invent　B. inventing　 C. to have invented　 D. having invented　　答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。　　3) to be +形容词　　seen, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean　　The book is believed to be uninteresting.　人们认为这本书没什么意思。　　4) there be+不定式　　believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, understand　　We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。　　注意　　有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.　　We regard Tom as our best teacher.　我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。　　Mary took him as her father .　玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。　　1) It's easy (for me) to do that. 我做这事太容易了。　　easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;　　the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough　　It's so nice to hear your voice.　听到你的声音真高兴。　　It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。　　2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。　　kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)　　It was silly of us to believe him.　我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。　　It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.　他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。　　注意　　1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型　　2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。　　3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型　　(对)To see is to believe.　百闻不如一见。(错)It is to believe to see.　　It's for sb.和 It's of sb.　　1) for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult,　 interesting, impossible等：　　It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。　　2) of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。　　It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。　　for 与of 的辨别方法　　用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：You are nice.　(通顺，所以应用of)。He is hard.　(人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)　　4. 不定式作表语　　不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：　　My work is to clean the room every day.　　His dream is to be a doctor.　　5. 不定式作定语　　不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：　　I have a lot of work to do.　　So he made some candles to give light.