2021届北京门头沟区高三一模英语试卷及解析

这是一份2021届北京门头沟区高三一模英语试卷及解析，共15页。试卷主要包含了C7，D36等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1．本试卷共ⅡI页，共100分，考试时长90分钟、
2.请将条形码粘贴在答题卡相应位置处。
3.试卷所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。请使用 2B铅笔填涂，用黑色字迹签字笔或钢笔作答。
第一部分∶知识运用（共两节，30 分）
第一节 完形填空（共10 小题; 每小题 1.5 分，共15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Old Bernard Baruch.8I years ld, is still ambitius. His nly reference t the past was that, with great pride in eyes. he_1___t rank first in shting. What makes this man still_2 ___? The answer is his strng_3_ t keep being prductive.
Tw f the hardest things t_4__ in this wrld are t get wealth by hnest effrts and, having gained it, t learn hw t use it in a prper way. Recently I walked int the lcker rm（休息室）f a well-knwn glf club. A dzen middle-aged men were seated at tables drinking heavily and talking _5__. Day after day these same men hung ut there and each f them had been a man f affairs and wealth,_6_ in business and respected in sciety. Hwever, it seemed that they are t cntent t be aggressive. They knew that their prductivity had _7_ gradually. When a fruit tree desn’t bear its fruit, it is dying. In this way it resembles（类似）man.
What is the _8_f a lng and happy existence in the wrld? I think I fund it lng ag in a passage. The wrds were few, but had a lasting_9__n me: "In the sweat f the face shall yu eat the bread." The wrds have been and will always be a great _10_ t me. At the end f the rad I want t feel that I have fught a gd fight and lived t the full.
A. ManagedB. seemedC. expectedD. meant
A. CarefulB. inncentC. energeticD. nrmal
A. ReasnB. dutyC. actinD. desire
A. ReceiveB. achieveC. thrwD. refuse
A. aimlesslyB. helplesslyC. fearlesslyD. hpelessly
A. interestedB. strictC. successfulD. absrbed
A. disappintedB. changedC. imprvedD. increased
A. trendB. ideaC. senseD. secret
A. mdB. influenceC. impressinD. fcus
A. hnrB. cmfrtC. apprachD. inspiratin
第二节 语法填空（共 10小题∶每小题 1.5 分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Tday, there is a trend that the yungsters haven't enugh sleep during the night. Lack f sleep amng children and teenagers in China __11___（get） wrse in the past ten years, with mre than 80 percent getting insufficient sleep n schl days, a reprt __12___(publish)n Mnday said. Chinese yungsters slept an average f 7.8 hurs a night n schl days last year, 20 minutes__13___（little） than in 2009，accrding t the reprt frm the Chinese Academy f Sciences 'Institute f Psychlgy.
B
Why was the x chsen t be ne f the 12 Chinese zdiac signs（生肖）? Centuries ag, mst peple __14___(earn)their living thrugh farming. Tday, the phrase "the spirit f x" still refers t vercming anything_15__ may present itself as an bstacle（障碍）.The spirit __16__（praise） highly and many peple fllw it as their wrk principle. When smene achieves a great accmplishment（成就）thrugh hard wrk，peple ften use "niu", meaning "awesme"__l7__ (describe) him r her
C
Nwadays, there exists a cmmn phenmenn. A man walks __18__ the sidewalk, a smartphne in hand and cmpletely absrbed in the digital wrld. Just as __19__cmputers achieved befre, smartphnes are nw changing ur life. I am truly grateful fr the cnvenience brught by it. But meanwhile I feel deeply anxius. T stay infrmed, I cnstantly update my WeChat.
That's why I ften find__20__(me)absent-minded.
第二部分;阅读理解（共两节，38 分）馆一节（共14 小题;每小题2 分，共 28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑
A
The spa twn f Cheltenham sits n the edge f the Ctswlds, in the cunty f Glucester. Belw is a lk at fur fabulus attractins that make Cheltenham such a
terrific place t visit.
Cheltenham Festival
The festival is an annual, fur-day feast f racing and, n the last day, features the famus Cheltenham Gld Cup Steeplechase. It's a dramatic race f arund 3 miles and 2.5 furlngs. and the hrses have t clear 22 fences. Anything can happen. In 2020,this last day f the festival drew in a crwd f 68,859.
Pittville Park
If yu visit Pitville Park, yu'll find it divided int tw main parts by the Evesham Rad. The eastern side is hme t the children's play area and is where peple can view wildlife. Meanwhile, n the western side f the rad, yu'll find the larger area f the park and small areas f wdland. There's als a lwer lake at which yu can fish during fishing seasn. That's nt the nly activity, hwever. There's a skate park, tennis curts and a small children's play area.
Hlst Birthplace Museum
Cheltenham was the birthplace f the 19"century English cmpser Gustav Hlst, and visitrs can visit the hme in which he was brn. Yu'll receive a taste f what Victrian life was like, as the hme basts a wrking Victrian kitchen, scullery, and nursery. The museum als allws yu t discver the cmpser's life and times by allwing yu int his music rm. Here is where he cmpsed The Planets.
Sudeley Castle
This private castle, which is surrunded by views f the Ctswlds, hlds the claim t fame f being the nly castle in England t have a queen buried in the grunds. The castle has witnessed all srts f drama thrughut its histry and is ne f the mst interesting Tudr castles yu'll ever visit.
If yu wuld like mre infrmatin n Cheltenham Twn, please visit the website:
21.Pitville Park is unique in its_
game areasB. hrse racing
C. beautiful viewsD. children's perfrmances
22.Which f the fllwing will a music fan be interested in?
A Pitville Park.B. Sudeley Castle.
C Cheltenham FestivalD. Hlst Birthplace Museum
23.Where is this article prbably frm?
A. A diaryB.A nvelC. A website D.A magazine
B
What cmes t mind when yu think f kung fu? If yur mind is filled with images f Shalin mnks, Bruce Lee, r Kung Fu Panda, yu wuldn't be wrng. But fr Laurence J. Brahm, an American dcumentary filmmaker, the first thing that springs t mind is the cncept f nn-vilence.
As Brahm explained, if yu break dwn the character "wu," it cnsists f tw characters: ne is"ge," meaning dagger-axe; the ther is"zhi," meaning t stp. S, the meaning f martial arts in Chinese is nt the art f fighting, a cncept that many peple take fr granted. On the cntrary, he said, kung fu is the art f stpping fighting.
Brahm's relatinship with kung fu dates back t the 1970s when he was a karate student in Hawaii. "My master always tld me that if yu want t fully understand karate, yu have t g t Shalin in China. That's where the rigin is, "Brahm said. In 1981,he managed t visit the Shalin Temple, situated at the ft f the Sngshan Muntain in Central China, fr the very first time. He left the muntain, a little disappinted at nt finding the martial-arts spirit he expected. But his passin fr kung fu and his desire t find ut mre were strnger than ever befre.
Over the years he trained in many different styles, such as tai chi, Wing Chun, Jeet Kune D t understand all f them. "Martial arts can help us cnnect ur bdy, cnnect ur neural system, cnnect ur bld flw, and als help cnnect us int ur envirnment t increase ur awareness. Martial arts is mving meditatin（冥想），"Brahm said， his eyes bright and intense.
But t him, kung fu's charm and values are far mre than that. He cmbined the knwledge frm many masters and schlars with his wn experience as a practitiner and tutr t extract 12 key principles and values f the martial arts: perseverance, rts, lyalty, respect, harmny, change, balance, centering, emptiness. flw, pragmatism, nn-vilence.
"Kung fu， in my eves，is a mirrr f Chinese culture.” Brahm said “The traditinal values f kung fu ,actually, are in the minds f all Chinese peple.”
What des Paragraph 2 really want t tell us?
The character “ge” means “t stp”
Kung fu is the “art f nn-vilence”
The character “wu” cnsists f tw characters
Martial arts in Chinese means the “art f fighting”
Hw did Brahm manage t get the idea f kung fu’s values?
He visited the Shalin Temple in 1981
He trained in many different styles ver the years
His master tld him abut it when he was in Hawaii
He jined his knwledge and his experience tgether
Accrding t the passage, which wrd can best describe Brahm?
Determined B. EnergeticC. CnfidentD. Friendly
C
Peple eat mre when they are glued t the televisin. and the mre entertaining the prgram is, the mre they eat, accrding t a new research.
It seems that distracted（分心的）brains d nt ntice what the muth is ding， said Dr. Alan Hirsch, neurlgical directr f the Smell and Taste Treatment and Research Fundatin in Chicag.
Hirsch explred the impact f smell, taste and eating behavirs while watching TV by measuring ptat chip cnsumptin. Frty-five vlunteers ate as many chips as they wanted every six minutes while they watched mnlgues by late-night talk shw hsts David Letterman and Jay Len. They were still given chips t eat when the televisin was ff. Hirsch fund peple ate an average f 44 percent mre chips while watching Letterman and 42 percent mre while viewing Len, than when they did nt watch TV.
If yu cncentrate n hw the fd tastes, yu'll eat less because yu'll feel full faster, "Hirsch said in an interview at the Endcrine Sciety's annual meeting in Trnt. S if that's the case, let's lk at the ppsite. What if yu're distracted? If yu're distracted, in thery, then yu'd eat mre."
Thrugh his research at the fundatin, Hirsch has helped peple vercme the lss f sense f smell and sense f taste. which typically results in weight gain because the brain des nt knw when it shuld stp eating.
The ventrmedial nucleus（腹内侧核）in the hypthalamus（ 下 丘脑）， where the s-called satiety（饱腹感）center is lcated. tells the bdy whether it is hungry r full. It is inhibited r tricked, the result can be changes in eating patterns, he said.
Peple wh ck spaghetti all day dn't feel like eating spaghetti at the end f the day, "said Hirsch," By being expsed t a smell all day lng it's tricking the hypthalamus."
Vlunteers were asked t cncentrate n the sensry characteristics f the fd such as taste and smell. Researchers say these sensry clues, in additin t inner bdy changes. mark satiety.
But when distracted. a persn des nt pay attentin t either the bdy's sensatins f feeling full, r t the sensry characteristics f the fd.
Many studies have linked being fat t watching televisin and that link is likely due t inactivity, Hirsch said. But perhaps entertaining shws are als cntributing.
"If yu want t lse weight, turn ff the televisin r watch smething bring," he said.
27. When Hirsch cnducted the research, he______
A. evaluated the degree f the vlunteers' lss f taste
B. measured the amunt f the chips the vlunteers ate
C. analyzed the vlunteers' preference n TV prgrams
D. cunted the minutes the vlunteers spent n TV prgrams
28.Accrding t the research, when will yu feel full faster?
A. When we are distracted.
B. When we fcus n hw the fd tastes.
C. When we are watching entertaining prgrams.
D. When the brain desn't knw when it shuld stp eating.
29.Why des the authr mentin "Peple wh cks paghetti all day dn't feel like eating it at the end f the day"?
A. It tells us that eating spaghetti is inhabited.
B. It indicates that spaghetti desn't taste gd at the end f the day.
C. It tells us that peple wh ck spaghetti dn' like eating spaghetti.
D. It shws that smell is "telling" the hypthalamus that the bdy is full.
30. What is the main purpse f the article?
A. T prve that being fat is linked t inactivity.
B. T reveal the relatinship between TV prgrams and eating behavirs.
C.t explain why watching televisin makes peple eat mre and gain weight.
D. T find hw sensry characteristics f the fd affects peple's feelings f eating.
D
Our electrnic devices tday stre an awful lt f persnal infrmatin. We use the devices t read and send e-mails, check bank balances, and even pay ur bills ver the internet. We want t be assured that if ur devices are stlen. ur persnal infrmatin stred inside them will remain safe frm the thief wh physically pssesses the device.
T deal with this prblem. Apple has cme ut with a new iPhne that uses bimetric（生物识别的）infrmatin t lck itself up. The phne has a fingerprint scanner that will lck r unlck the phne. Yur fingerprint becmes the key, and this makes it nearly impssible fr thers t use yur phne withut yur immediate permissin— r des it?
At first lk, ne wuld think that this type f security wuld be welcme in the high-tech cmmunity where privacy is valued. Instead, sme peple are even mre wrried abut their privacy. Accrding t revealed dcuments, the US Natinal Security Agency is able t slip int smartphnes, while the agency can als legally frce cmpanies t turn ver custmers' persnal infrmatin. If this is true, the fingerprint scanner n yur smartphne might becme a tl fr the authrities t cllect yur fingerprint data.
Anther prblem with using bimetrics t secure devices is that peple dn't knw hw secure the systems actually are. Germany's Chas Cmputer Club claimed t have slipped int a bimetrically secured iPhne within days f the device's release t the public. If this is the case, peple wh are using this type f security are much mre vulnerable than they are led t believe. Althugh mst security systems are hacked by smene eventually, the speed at which bimetric security was hacked was very upset t sme.
Regardless f hw a device is secured, the debate is still attributes t the trade-ff between privacy and security. Gvernments smetimes need t lk at large amunts f infrmatin in rder t defeat terrrist secret plans, and necessarily, sme f the data cme frm yu and me. When we use iPhnes and ther devices, we lse the ability t safeguard infrmatin that we wuld rather keep private, and we are frced t put trust in thers.
It will always be difficult t strike a balance between privacy and security with grwing changing technlgy. Nevertheless, ne thing is crystal clear: we all have t sacrifice sme f ur privacy in rder t have security fr the public.
Why d peple want t be assured that their electrnic devices wn’t be stlen?
Because peple depend t much n it
Because electrnic devices are necessary in the wrkplace
Because electrnic devices are getting mre and mre expensive
Because there is t much persnal infrmatin in their electrnic devices
The example f the US Natinal Security Agency aims t tell us _____
The bimetric devices are fully safe
Cmpanies keep users’ persnal infrmatin safe
The bimetric devices will be the ppular way t ensure ur privacy
The authrities may drive cmpanies t turn in users’ fingerprint data
The underline wrd in Paragraph 4 means_____
A. stableB. insecureC. reliableD. difficult
Frm the last paragraph we can learn that____
the gvernment will eventually knw everything abut us
It is impssible t knw wh can be trusted in this technlgical wrld
It is necessary t give up a certain amunt f privacy fr the sake f security
Very few peple are willing t use fingerprint security n their new phnes
第二节（共5小题; 每小题 2 分，共 10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Healthy eating, like many things, desn't have t be an all-r-nthing enterprise. If yu're lking t eat healthier, here are a few simple things yu can d that dn't invlve an extreme diet.
Figure ut the prblem.
It's imprtant t knw what yu're trying t fix. Yu wuld just first f all get t the rt f the prblem and see what the main bstacles are._35_ If yu decide that yu spend t much time mindlessly snacking, maybe it's because yur meals aren't filling enugh, r yu need mre nutritinally-balanced snacks arund.
Start small,
Make ne r tw changes t yur daily rutine and see hw that ges. If it's dable and sustainable, try adding anther change and see hw that feels. _36__If the habit yu are develping is custmized（定制）t yu，t yur lifestyle，t hw yu feel and t yur reality, it will be easy fr yu t repeat it and t make it a habit.
____37______
We have becme increasingly dependent upn prcessed and cnvenient restaurant meals. Our taste buds（味蕾）can cme t lng fr these high-fat， high-salt fd. Cking mre ften can ften imprve yur dietary quality and decrease yur reliance upn these fds.
Add sme fibre.
Many f us feel "full and energized" after a high-fibre meal r snack. Remember that fibre fills us up n few calries.___38____High-fibre diets have been linked t a range f health benefits, including prtecting against disease. We shuld chse whle grains, and add chia seeds t things like cereal r ygurt t bst their fibre cntent.
Use smaller plates.
Using smaller plates at meal time is an easy thing t d that can bring us big benefits._39_ Make sure that half yur plate is cvered in fruits r veggies.
Make a cmmitment t fcus n life-lng behaviur change using strategies that are healthy, enjyable and therefre sustainable.
Ck mre at hme.
Rely n restaurant meals.
It's abut building new habits.
D. Then, yu can lk at the cause.
E. Yu can turn t yur friends fr help if necessary.
F. It slws digestin，lwers chlesterl（胆固醇）and stabilizes bld sugars.
G. This will help t cntrl prtin（食物的一份）sizes s that yu can be a mre mindful eater.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32 分）
第一节（12分）
阅读表达（共4小题;第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
EACH DECEMBER. the Oxfrd English Dictinary（OED）nminates（提名）a wrd describe the year which had just passed. In 2019.the OED needed tw wrds; climate emergency. Fr 2020, there was anther kind f emergency—COVID-19— but this time he OED needed frty wrds t describe it. Yes, 2020 has been a very unusual year that hasn't been easy t describe.
Tw f the bvius wrds the OED has suggested have been "pandemic" and “lckdwn". The frmer appeared. f curse, because COVID-19 has spread arund the wrld, and the latter because the life-threatening disease has brught mst f human activity acrss the glbe t a standstill. Businesses have been clsed, travel stpped, and peple have had t stay in their hmes fr weeks r even mnths n end.
2020 has undeniably been a bad year, but I wuld like t describe it in a mre psitive way, s I nminate "cperatin" and "hpe" as my wrds f the year.
As the pandemic began t spread, there was a great deal f cperatin between cuntries and internatinal health rganizatins. They shared infrmatin abut the virus and hw it culd be cntained. And cuntries shared medical supplies and equipment with ther cuntries which needed them. China tk a leading rle in this effrt by sending masks and prtective clthing t Canada, the United States and Eurpe, as well as t cuntries in the Middle East and Africa. Withut this cperatin, the pandemic, bad as it has been, culd have been much wrse.
And that brings me t my secnd wrd: hpe. Even thugh COVID-19 is still arund and will cntinue t affect ur daily lives fr at least a little lnger, we are beginning t see the light at the end f the tunnel. Vaccines have been develped against the crnavirus and, with a little "hpe," we will get t see the wrld begin t return t nrmal.
2020 is ver;2021 awaits us. With "cperatin" and "hpe," it shuld make fr a wnderful year.
40. Why has the OED suggested "lckdwn"?
41. What des the authr mean by "we are beginning t see the light at the end f the tunnel" in Paragraph 5?
42. Please decide which part f the fllwing statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
2020 is viewed as a bad year because f the spread f the pandemic and it is
viewed ttally negative.
Which wrd wuld yu nminate t describe 2020 except the wrds mentined in this article? And why? (abut 40 wrds)
第二节 （20分）
假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友 Jim 在做关于"中学生运动情况"的调查，想了解你的运动情况。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括∶
你喜欢的一项运动；
这项运动给你带来的益处；
关于运动的建议；
注意：1、词数100左右
开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。
Dear Jim.
________________________________________________________________
Yurs
Li Hua
门头沟区2021年高三年级综合练习
英语答案及评分参考 2021.3
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
1．A2．C3．D4．B 5．A
6．C7．A8．D9．B10．D
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
11. has gt 12. published 13. less
14. earned 15. that 16. is praised
17. t describe 18.n/alng 19.what 20. myself
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
21．A22．D23．C24．B25．D
26．A27．B28．B29．D30．C
31．D32．A33．B34．C
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
35．D36．C37．A38．F39．G
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（12分，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分）
40. Because the life-threatening disease has brught mst f human activities acrss the glbe t a standstill.
Vaccines have been develped against the crnavirus and, with a little “hpe,” we will get t see the wrld begin t return t nrmal.
42. 2020 is viewed as a bad year because f the spread f the pandemic and it is viewed ttally
negative. （1分）
Accrding t the passage, 2020 brings us nt nly pandemic but als cperatin and hpe.
略
评分标准及细则
【第40题】
内容：意义符合原文，回答内容完整。
1. 如抄写第二段的最后两句不扣分。
2. 如仅抄写第二段的最后一句扣1分。
语言：准确、连贯。
如准确性和连贯性欠佳，酌情扣分。
【第41题】
内容：意义符合原文，回答内容完整。
1. 与答案意思接近不扣分
2. 只写答案中的前半句或后半句扣1分。
二、语言：准确、连贯。
如准确性和连贯性欠佳，酌情扣分。
【第42题】
划线标准
1. 划线完全正确，得1分。
2. 整句全划不得分。
内容：解释符合原文意义。
语言：准确、连贯；如准确性和连贯性欠佳，酌情扣分。
【第43题】
一、评分标准
二、评分细则：
1. 内容：内容意义上言之有理即可得分。
照抄原文某些段落，不得分。
所表达内容与题目要求无关，不得分。
提名是词或词组均可，但必须是文本以外的词或词组，只要符合要求不扣分。
语言：准确、连贯；如有错误，酌情扣分。
字数要求
如超过50字，扣0.5分。
如少于30字，扣0.5分。
第二节（20分）
一、评分原则：
1.本题总分为20分，按5个档次给分。
2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3.评分时应考虑：内容是否完整，条理是否清楚，交际是否得体，语言是否准确。
4.拼写、标点符号或书写影响内容表达时，应视其影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
5.词数少于80，从总分中减去1分。
二、各档次的给分范围和要求：
三、One pssible versin:
Dear Jim,
Hw is everything ging? Knwing yu are cnducting a survey f the sprts that high schl students d, I’m writing t tell yu abut what I d.
Actually, playing basketball is my favrite. I usually play basketball with my friends after schl and take part in cmpetitins.
I have benefited much frm playing basketball. It helps me keep fit and prvides me with a way t refresh myself during the stressful schl days. In additin, I learn t be mre curageus and persistent when facing challenges. It als teaches me clser cperatin is the key t success and brings me many friends with the same interest.
Therefre, I suggest everyne d physical exercise regularly and we’d better chse ne that suits us and we really enjy.
This is my experience and understanding f sprts. What abut yurs? S lking frward t yur sharing.
Yurs,
Li Hua
分档
具体描述
一档
5分
紧扣主题。语言准确、连贯，仅有个别错误。
二挡
3-4分
贴近主题。在准确性和连贯性上，有少量语言错误，不影响理解。
三挡
1-2分
和主题相关。语言上有大量错误，影响理解。
四挡
0分
所表达内容和主题完全不相关。或者仅孤立地罗列出和主题相关的个别单词。
第一档
（18分~20分）
完全完成了试题规定的任务。
·内容完整，条理清楚；
·交际得体，表达时充分考虑到了交际的需求，所用语法和词汇准确；体现了较强的语言运用能力；
完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第二档
（15分~17分）
完全完成了试题规定的任务。
·内容完整，条理清楚；
·交际得体，表达时考虑到了交际的需求；体现了较强的语言运用能力；
达到了预期的写作目的。
第三档
（12分~14分）
基本完成了试题规定的任务。
·内容、条理和交际等方面基本符合要求；
·所用语法和词汇满足了任务的要求；
·语法或用词方面有一些错误，但不影响理解。
基本达到了预期的写作目的。
第四档
（6分~11分）
未恰当完成试题规定的任务。
·内容不完整；
·所用词汇有限，语法或用词方面的错误影响了对所写
内容的理解。
未能清楚地传达信息。
第五档
（1分~5分）
未完成试题规定的任务。
·写了少量相关信息；
·语法或用词方面错误较多，严重影响了对所写内容的理解。
0分
未传达任何信息；所写内容与要求无关。