北京市丰台区2022届高三下学期模拟考试（一）英语试题

这是一份北京市丰台区2022届高三下学期模拟考试（一）英语试题，共9页。试卷主要包含了03，5分， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2022.03
本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答隹答题卡上。在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。
笔试（共三部分100分）
第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分.共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、 D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Thugh new term had begun fr weeks, the new girl Mlly still remained 1 arund her classmates. Nw she was sitting arund picnic table alne. She seemed unsure f what t d r say, yet I culd see her eyes lnging fr 2 .
Brianna, the class clwn, was standing near the playgrund making the ther students laugh, as usual. “Brianna, Mlly lks awfully 3 . Wuld yu invite her t jin us?" I said.
Brianna sighed. I culd tell that she was 4 t d what I was asking f her, but I als knew she was s sweet and kind. I had specifically 5 her fr this task. She lked at her friends, then at Mlly.
Knwing this chice was 6 her, I reached int my pcket and pulled ut a D-buck, ur class currency（货币). I needed t 7 her cperatin.
“Here, I’ll 8 yu fr yur time.”
She ffered an insincere smile, grasped the green paper, and headed ff.
I watched clsely as the girls talked. When they finally walked back tgether, I sighed with 9 .
A minute later, Brianna came back and handed me the D-buck.
“I shuldn't keep this.” Her eyes fell t her feet, 10 radiating frm her quiet vice. “I dn't want Mlly t think I nly went t get her s I culd earn a D-buck. She's my friend.”
Then Brianna skipped back t amuse her classmates again, and wh laughed fr the first time that week? Mlly.
1. A. satisfied B. surprised C. awkward D.ashamed
2. A. trust B. acceptance C. understandingD. respect
3. A. angry B. puzzled C. serius D. lnely
4. A. unwilling B. eager C. determined D. disappinted
5. A. studied B. selected C. supprted D. examined
6. A. cmfrtingB. warning C. paining D. prtecting
7. A. cnsider B. permit C. check D. ensure
8. A. help B. pay C. prepare D. frgive
9. A. relief B. cncern C. srrw D. regret
10.A. excitementB. curage C. guilt D. impatience
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提不词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Space explratin began in 1957, when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Sviet Unin. Yuri Gagarin 11 (becme) the first persn t rbit (环绕) the earth in 1961. In 1969, Neil Armstrng was the first persn t walk 12 the mn. Since then, space explratin has advanced very 13 (rapid). It has prduced much 14 (amaze) technlgy that brings changes t the wrld.
B
Leaf-cutter ants are interesting. 15 (lk) fr leaves, the larger ants usually g ut in grups. They bite ff bits f leaves and carry them back. Watching these ants march in single file, carrying leaves, is quite a sight. These ants can carry a leaf that 16 (weigh) 20 times mre than they d. The leaves 17 (cllect) by the ants are nt fr eating. They are brught back s fungus（真菌）can grw n them. The fungus is the fd fr the ants.
C
Strybards are a set f drawings t tell a stry and a pwerful way t visually present infrmatin. The riginal strybards, 18 were used in mvie-making, shwed stries brken up int pieces. Each piece f the stry 19 （draw） ut n a card and stuck t a bard in rder. Peple were then able t talk abut and revise the stry by checking ne part at a time. That is 20 I knw abut strybards.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Dear Jim O' Cnnr,
My name is Annie Le and I am writing t yu n behalf f the Native Health Cmmunity Garden, a grup f peple wrking n starting a cmmunity garden in the Mesa Neighbrhd.
While searching fr ptential garden lcatins, we came acrss yur huse lcated at West Suthern Avenue. We are asking abut the pssibility f using yur land as the site f ur garden.
In general, a cmmunity garden is a space where plants are grwn and taken care f by a grup f peple in the cmmunity. Cmmunity gardens imprve the quality f life, ffer mre chances t talk t each ther and beautify neighbrhds while prviding green fd and therefre reducing the husehld cst f fd.
T ensure the smth running f the prject, elected vlunteers wuld be in charge. Yu wuld have access t all these vlunteers and they wuld like t answer any questins yu may have.
I have included sme general infrmatin abut cmmunity gardens and what they can bring t a cmmunity. We wuld lve t speak with yu in persn r ver the phne t discuss what hsting a cmmunity garden n yur land wuld invlve. Issues may include discussing an agreement, rental charges, garden rules, and water access. All the csts fr the prject will be cvered by us. We wuld als like t present t yu ur visin f this space.
We wuld very much like t have yur supprt. Thank yu fr yur cnsideratin and please feel free t cntact me. Thank yu again.
Respectfully,
Annie Le
21. What did Annie Le write t Jim O'Cnnr?
A. T rent his land.B. T ffer him a jb.
C. T invite him t jin her grup.D. T infrm him f the cmmunity garden.
22. Accrding t the passage, what will the garden bring t the cmmunity?
A. Mre green prjects. B. Less water pllutin.
C. Mre cmmunicatin.D. Higher cst f living.
23. Annie Le wuld like t further discuss__________.
A. service cstB. cperatin details
C. gardening skillsD. cmmunity develpment
B
Lcal barber(理发师) ges abve and beynd fr a little by
“That day started all wrng,” LaQuista Erinna said. “And we frgt his headphnes. We were running late, traffic was hrrible, s I knew it was ging t be difficult that day.”
When Erinna and her sn finally arrived at their appintment, it seemed like there was n way 6-year-Id Jacksn, a by with autism(自闭症), wuld be getting his hair cut.
"He just immediately gt anxius," Erinna explained. “Usually I have t d sme caching t get him in the chair. He will put n his headphnes, and we pwer thrugh.”
Erinna said Jacksn is a typical little by wh lves t play and lves art. But sme tasks can be sensry verlad, and haircuts are ne f them.
The stress was s intense fr mm and sn that almst tw years went by befre Jacksn gt anther haircut. But this time, he was in the hands f Ree, the barber, and things were getting easier.
Ree nticed his Super Mari Brs shirt and tld him that he needed t save Mari by making sure n hair gt n him. She cut his hair while he mved and ran arund the shp. She talked t him thrughut the entire prcess, encuraging him and reminding him abut prtecting Mari t keep him engaged.
"It just tuched me s much,” Erinna said. "She nurtured that relatinship. She gained his trust.”
“I feel gd I can g abve and beynd fr a child.” Ree said. “I knw children want t be free. They want t express themselves s I try t find a different strategy t make them feel cmfrtable.”
Jacksn’s smile tld the rest f the stry.
Erinna was very mved by her sn's haircut. She shared a vide nline, which has gtten millins f views. Given the huge respnse, Erinna als set up a special GFundMe t supprt Ree t make sure she's able t cntinue t wrk and replace any lst incme frm the impact f the pandemic(流行病).
24. What usually helped t calm Jacksn during haircuts?
A. His mther's trust.B. His art bks.
C. His barber's encuragement.D. His headphnes.
25. Hw did Ree succeed in cutting Jacksn's hair?
A. By inspiring him t be brave.B. By cperating with his mther.
C. By turning the haircut int a game.D. By telling stries abut Super Mari.
26. T express thanks t Ree, Erinna______________.
A. raise a mney t supprt herB. advertised her haircutting skills
C. gt haircuts at her shp regularlyD. psted phts f Jacksn’s haircut nline
27. Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Ree?
A. Kind and hnest.B. Caring and generus.
C. Patient and creative.D. Cnfident and friendly.
C
The peple wh happen t be in a city center at any given mment may seem like a randm cllectin f individuals. But new research featuring the simple mathematical law shws that urban travel patterns wrldwide are, in fact, predictable despite lcatin.
Researchers discvered what is knwn as an inverse square relatin（平方反比关系）between the number f peple in a given urban lcatin and the distance they traveled t get there, as well as hw frequently they made the trip. It may seem intuitive（直觉的）that peple visit nearby lcatins frequently and distant nes less s, but the newly discvered relatin accurately predicts, fr instance, that the number f peple cming frm tw kilmeters away five times per week will be the same as the number cming frm five kilmeters twice a week.
The researchers analyzed data frm abut eight millin peple between 2006 and 2013 in six urban lcatins. This study fcused n lcatins and examined hw many peple were visiting, frm hw far and hw frequently. The researchers fund that all the unique chices peple make—frm drpping kids at schl t shpping― bey this inverse square law.
One explanatin fr this strng statistical pattern is that traveling requires time and energy, and peple have limited resurces fr it. At the cre is the effrt that peple are willing t invest cllectively t travel t certain lcatins, trying t ptimize their days.
Understanding these patterns is imprtant nt nly fr planning the placement f new shpping centers r public transprtatin but als fr mdeling disease transmissin within cities, says Kathleen Stewart, a gegrapher and mbility researcher.
Many researchers estimate travel with gravity mdels which assume that mvement between cities is a prprtin t the ppulatin sizes, but these mdels d nt accunt fr travel patterns within cities Infrmatin that is a particularly critical in dealing with disease transmissin epidemilgist sme Scarbrugh says mdels based n this new finding might better track that flw.
Thse rganizatinal patterns have really prfund implicatins n hw crprate will spread says in a smaller rural lcatins where many peple regular g t the same grcery stre, the entire twn were experienced sharper risk f infectins as a varius sleep sweeps thrugh the cmmunity. But in a big city, the spread takes lnger. He explains because many epidemics can ccur in each neighbrhd smewhat separately.
What des the underlined wrd “ptimize” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
Slw dwn. B. Keep a recrd f. C. Think back n. D. Make the mst f.
Why des the authr mentin “gravity mdels” in paragraph 6?
T intrduce the travel patterns within cities.
T stress imprtance f tracking diseases.
T cmpare the urban and rural infectin rates.
T shw the advantage f the inverse square law.
Which f the fllwing can be supprted by the newly discvered law?
Diseases spread faster in rural areas than in big cities.
Trip distance seldm influences peple's travel chices.
Epidemics are harder t discver in big cities than in rural areas.
City residents are likely t make frequent trips t a distant place.
D
Earlier this week the nline UK supermarket Ocad tld its custmers that it had “limited ability” t deliver the ice cream t them. Why? Because the price f natural gas has increased greatly, which has hit the supply f CO₂ in the UK. And that has led t a cut in the supply f dry ice that supermarkets use t keep fd cl in their delivery vans (小型货车). S n ice cream.
This mini crisis has been fairly quickly reslved, fr nw at least. Hwever, that desn't mean yu shuldn't wrry. This incident serves as a timely reminder f just hw reliant we are n fssil fuels. Despite ur ptimistic enthusiasm fr wind and slar pwer, ne way r anther il and gas use is sht thrugh every part f ur ecnmic and scial lives. That will be the case fr many decades t cme.
In his recently updated bk There is N Planet B, Mike Bemers-Lec lays ut the challenge. When we talk abut shifting frm fssil fuels t clean energy f ne kind r anther, we aren't discussing taking the amunt f energy we use nw and prducing that amunt in a different way. Instead, ur target is always n the mve. The mre energy we can get ur hands n, the mre we use—even if ur use f it becmes mre efficient.
Energy usage is ging t keep rising, while energy transitins（转变）tend t bth take a very lng time and never actually end. We just pile new surces n tp f ld. The wrld still uses much the same amunt f traditinal bimass (wd etc) as it did 100 years ag. We are running t stand still.
This will change. But nt as fast as yu might like t think. In 2019, 33 percent f ur new pwer generatin needs were met by renewable energy. That's a start. But 40 percent were met by natural gas.
There’s urgency here f curse—which might speed things up. But there is smething else that might slw us dwn. It didn't take much t mve peple t fssil fuels they are relatively easy t extract,relatively easy t transprt,hugely energy dense and efficient and, f curse, cheap. Until their externalities were understd, wh culd pssibly have bjected? Our current transitin is different: peple and cmpanies will switch nt because the new surces are easier t access, cheaper r mre energy dense but because regulatin mandates that they must.
Either way,the truth is that whether we like it r nt ur energy transitin invlves lng term reliance n fssil fuels. That means we shuld stp demnising them. Instead, we shuld fcus n making their extractin cleaner and mre efficient while we wait fr the engineering challenges arund a renewables-led future t be-slved.
If we dn't d this—if we allw urselves t be beguiled by the idea that slar is s advanced that we n lnger need filthy fuels t have ice cream, we will find the future held back by needlessly expensive energy—and almst certainly ice-cream free.
31. What d the first tw paragraphs mainly shw?
A.The necessity fr traditinal fuels.B.Our enthusiasm fr clean energy.
C.The seriusness f energy crisis.D.UK's dependence n dry ice.
32. Accrding t Mike Bemers-Lee,_____.
A.we have mre types f energy n handB.the use f energy becmes mre efficient
C.energy transitin is far frm being realizedD.we are clser t the aim f replacing fssil fuels
33.The underlined wrd “demnising” in Paragraph 6 can be replaced by___.
A. wastingB. devaluing C. distributing D. justifying
34.What is the writer s attitude tward the transitin t renewable energy?
A. Indifferent B. Defensive.C. Disapprving.D Cautius.
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的7个选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Rethinking besity（肥胖症）
In principle, it sunds simple: eat less and mve mre. This dietary advice fr dealing with besity has been arund fr decades. 35 S, why hasn’t this apprach l weigh cntrl wrked?
One pssibility is that we haven't tried hard enugh. Perhaps we have lacked the discipline and willpwer t maintain healthy dietary and exercise habits—a challenge made mre difficult tday fr thse surrunded by inexpensive, tasty, highly prcessed fds.
36 In a recent paper my clleagues and I questin the basic assumptin f whether taking in mre calries than yu burn really is the primary cause f besity. We argue that we are driven t vereat because we are getting fatter.
The key t hw this wrks in besity is insulin（胰岛素）Prcessed. rapidly digestible carbnhydrates (碳水化合物) raise ur insulin level t high. 37 A few hurs after eating a high-carb meal, the number f calries in the bld stream falls suddenly, s we get hungrier sner after eating.
The tw ppsing views f cause and effect in besity have very different implicatins fr hw t prevent and treat weight prblems. The usual apprach fcuses n hw much t eat, with prescriptins（处方）fr daily calrie intake. 38 Higher-fat fds may help get rid f bdy fat. a pssibility supprted by clinical trials cmparing high-fat diets with lw-fat nes.
This way f thinking might help explain why calrie restrictin usually fails lng befre a persn with besity appraches an ideal bdy weight. A lw-calrie, lw-fat diet further restricts an already limited supply f energy t the bdy, wrsening hunger withut addressing the underlying tendency t stre t many calries in bdy fat. 39
Althugh much mre research will be needed t test this idea, it is time t questin the basic assumptins abut cause and effect, calries and weight gain that have cntrlled ur thinking fr decades.
Yet, wrldwide besity rates just keep ging up.
B. In ur view, the emphasis shuld be placed n what t eat.
C. It is imprtant t cntrl the amunt f fd cnsumed by us
D. Obesity is a disease that affects 650 millin adults wrldwide.
E. Or perhaps the prblem is the fcus n “calrie balance” itself.
F. Weight lss becmes a battle between mind and metablism.
G. This causes fat cells t take in t many calries, leaving fewer fr the rest f the bdy.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分共 12 分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Every year mre f us try and reduce ur impact n the planet. A refill shp, r zer waste shp, gives yu a chice t g green.
Refill shps tend t be small, independent stres that sell nn-packaged gds. Mst f the time they will be dry nes like rice and nuts prduced directly in the lcal sites, which means less carbn ftprint frm farm t plate. They can als be many ther sustainable(可持续的) prducts, like refill cleaning prducts and saps. Shppers nly need t bring cntainers they already wn and refill them frm larger cntainers in the stre.
Refill and zer-waste shps are usually lcated in cmmunities. Buying frm within walking distance, clearly, is mre sustainable and kinder t the planet, and yur cmmunity. If yu're walking dwn the street t yur lcal refill shp, then yu're ding great but if yu're driving hurs away t find yur clsest shp, then the transprt may cancel ut any benefits f what yu buy. Remember, it's the whle prcess nt just the end prduct.
Perhaps the mst significant aspect f shpping at lcal refill shps is that they encurage us t think abut ur cnsumer habits. They make us pause and think abut hw we can make psitive changes fr the envirnment.
If yu can shp lcal and frm independent refill shps, then yu shuld. It desn't have t be all the time but minimising waste and chsing refills where yu can will make a psitive difference.
What are refill shps?
41. Accrding t the passage, what is the mst imprtant value f refill shpping?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
A Refill shps are built in cmmunities within walking distance because driving t these shps can cst mney.
43. In reality, refill shps have nt wn much ppularity yet. What d yu think might be the pssible reasn(s)? (In abut 40 wrds)
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校来自英国的交换生Jim发邮件请你推荐一门学校特色课程。请你用英文给他回复邮件，内容包括:
1.你推荐的课程；
2.你的理由。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
北京市丰台区2021-2022学年度第二学期综合练习（一）
高三英语参考答案
第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，共15分)
1C 2B 3D 4A 5B 6C 7D 8B 9A10C
第二节(共10小题:每小睡15分，15分）
11.became 12.n 13.rapidly 14.amazing 15.T lk
16.weights 17.cllected 18.which 19.was drawn 20.what
第二部分阅读理解(共两节38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分、兵28分)
A: ACB B: DCACC: DDAD: ACBD 七选五：AEBGF
第三部分书面表达(共两节32分)
第一节(共4小题:第4题2分第2题3分第43题分共12)
40.Refill shps are small, independent stres that sell nn-packaged gds.
41.The mst imprtant value f refill shpping is that it encurages us t think abut ur cnsumer habits.
42. Accrding t the passage, refill shps are built in cmmunities within walking distance because walking t refill shps is envirnmentally-friendly.
43.略。
第二节(20分)
Dear Jim,
Hw is it ging? I'm writing t recmmend a distinctive curse t yu-Chinese Kungfu.
This curse is perfect fr yu. First, it is great fr yur verall health. Chinese Kungfu invlves a lt f bdy mvements, which can make yu strnger and mre flexible. It can als reduce yur stress and keep yu in a relaxed md. What's mre, the curse is interactive. During the training, yu can get psitive feedback and learn hw t cperate with thers. I'm sure yu can benefit a lt frm it.
Are yu ready t give it a g? Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua