Unit3知识点全面总结2021-2022学年人教版八年级下册英语教案

这是一份Unit3知识点全面总结2021-2022学年人教版八年级下册英语教案，共10页。
 人教新目标英语八年级下册
Unit 3单元知识点全面精细总结
一、. 教材生词表及用法
1. rubbish [ˈrʌbɪʃ] un. 垃圾、废弃物(体积小，破碎的，没有用的废物) a rubbish bin
adj.无用的worthless idea: His book is rubbish. Don’t talk rubbish!
【辨析】waste, garbage, rubbish, litter, junk 这些名词均含"废物，垃圾"之意。
waste 普通用词，概念广泛，指任何被丢弃的东西。
garbage 主要指有机废料，包括厨房的剩菜剩饭或不能再用的食物。也可作引申用。
rubbish 普通用词，指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西
litter 是四下乱丢物品的总称，尤指散落于地，有碍观瞻的废物。
junk 指回收的旧汽车或大型机器，也指毫无实用价值，或破烂物体，但不指垃圾。
2.take out the rubbish 跟代词做宾语，代词放中间；跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边 take…out把…拿出去 take them/it out
take off 脱下，起飞take part in 参加 take care of 照顾
take after 相像 take a vacation度假 take a walk 散步
give out 分发 sell out 买完 put out 扑灭 print out 印制
3.fold [fəʊld] v.折叠、对折 n. 折痕 the folds of her dress folded-folded unfold folder 文件夹
fold the paper in half fold up折叠起来; Fold the map up and put it in your pocket.
fold sb. in one’s arms 把某人抱在怀里 fold one’s arms/ hands
eg. Please your clothes and put them away.
4.sweep [swiːp] v.扫、打扫 swept- swept sweep the floor sweep the dust from the carpet/ off the table. eg. I can’t without a broom.
5.floor [flɔː(r)] n. 地板 , (演讲的）平台 on the floor 楼层 on the second floor
eg. He is the .(扫地)
6.mess [mes] n. 杂乱、不整洁 v. 弄乱、弄脏messy adj.凌乱的，散乱的; 肮脏的 messier- messiest a messy kitchen The kitchen is a mess. make a terrible mess.搞得一团糟
eg. My life is a real ! Don’t mess her hair!
胡闹、瞎闹 Stop messing about and come to help.
mess sth. up 搞砸了 I messed it up!
mess sb. around 弄乱某人 Stop messing me around. Just tell me the truth.
7.throw [θrəʊ] v. 扔、掷 threw-thrown throw sb. sth.= throw sth. to sb.
She threw a towel to me.= She a towel.
throw away 扔掉、抛弃、浪费 That’s rubbish and you can throw it .
throw at 向…扔去 Stop throwing the stones the poor dog.
throw to 扔给 Remember to throw the ball your teammate.
8.all the time 频繁、反复、一直She plays the computer games all the time.
The letter is in my pocket all the time He is a business man all the time.
9.neither [ˈnaɪðə(r)] adv. 也不 He doesn’t like fish and do I.
neither…nor Neither he nor I am the teacher. 就近原则
eg.Tom and Tina haven’t seen the movies.= ________Tom_______ Tina _________ seen the movies.   Both Sam and Tina have been to New York. (否定句) ___ Sam ____ Tina ______been to New York.
pron. 都不 of us is happy. I like of them.
adj. answer is right. (名词单数)
10.shirt [ʃɜːt] n. 衬衫 a sports shirt T- shirt
11.as soon as 一…就…=the minute eg. He left as soon as he heard the news.
I’ll tell him I see him.(主将从现)
We will leave it stops raining.
=We will leave it stops raining.
尽快I will return as soon as I can.= I will return as soon as possible.
12.pass [pɑːs] v. 给，递 pass sb. sth.= pass sth. to sb. Please pass me the salt.=Pass the salt to me.
eg. Would you please me a pen?
走过 Turn left after the bank. He me without saying hello.
通过The street was so crowded that cars were unable to .
pass by 路过 I saw the soldiers pass by.
pass out 昏厥 pass away 去世 pass the exam 通过考试
13.borrow[ˈbɒrəʊ] v.借用 borrow some money 借一些钱 borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入)
lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物(借出)
eg. I forgot my pen. Can I yours? I want to a book the library.
14.lend [lend] v. 借给 借出 lent-lent lend sth. to sb. eg. I the book to him but he never returned it. keep sth. for +时间段 eg. You can the book for two weeks.
---Can I your book? Yes, of course.
---How long may I it? For a week. But you mustn’t it to others.
15.finger[ˈfɪŋɡə(r)] n. thumb拇指; toe 脚趾 nail 钉子; 指甲 eg. She ran her.finger through her
hair. 她用手指抚摸着她的头发
16.hate [heɪt] v. hate to do/ doing. The children living alone and they prefer to live with parents.
17.chore n.[tʃɔː(r)] 琐事，令人厌烦的任务; 家务活Would you like to help me with some ?
18.snack [snæk] .n. 点心 小吃 快餐 buy drinks and snacks 购买饮料和零食
eg. Eating too many will gain weight.
19.stress [stres] n/v.精神压力; 重音;强调too much stress from school be under/suffer from stress
eg. He has much more than he did in the past.
v. 强调 He stressed the point that they can’t be late.
eg. We should the importance of being honest.
20.anyway [ˈeniweɪ] adv.而且，加之 eg. It’s too late now, anyway. , you can try your best.
21.waste [weɪst] n. 浪费 a waste of time /money eg. Playing computer games is a of time.
垃圾the waste of the factory The city’s waste is everywhere.
v. 浪费 waste sth. on sth./sb. 浪费在某事或者某人身上 Don’t waste food.
eg. She her money on things she doesn’t need.
adj. 废弃的waste water/ gas eg. The factory poured the water into the river nearby.

22.while [waɪl] conj.在…期间; 与…同时; 然而; 尽管;n.一会儿;
While the students were talking, the teacher came in.
I hate coffee while he loves it very much.
n. 一段时间 She worked in a hospital for a while.
23.in order to 目的是 为了 in order not to do in order that=so that
eg. He worked hard succeed.
He worked hard he could succeed.
He worked hard he could succeed
He got up quite early be late.
24.provide [prəˈvaɪd] v. 提供 供应 provide sth. for sb.= provide sb. with sth.
eg.The school food the students.
=The school the students food.
The country students textbooks.
He has to food and clothes his family.
25.depend[dɪˈpend] that depends/ it all depends 那得看情况
eg. Can I come? That . It how you answer it.
depend on 依靠 信赖 取决于
eg. He is the one you can .
Good health good food and enough sleep.
The price the quality.
26.independence [ˌɪndɪˈpendəns] n. Independence Day 1776-7-4
eg. Teenagers want from their parents.
independent adj. eg. He is old enough to be
27.develop [dɪˈveləp] v. 发展 develop the children’s habits I had the film developed yesterday. 冲印
n. development rapid development
adj. developed/developing countries She is well developed for her age.
28..since [sɪns] conj. 因为 既然 Since we have no money, we can’t buy a car.
从…以后 自…依赖 prep/conj/adv
prep. She has been working in a bank leaving school.
conj. Where have you been I last saw you?
adv. He left home two weeks ago and we haven’t seen him .
29..neighbor ['neɪbə] n. 邻居=neighbour eg. A far-off relative is not as helpful as a near
远亲不如近邻 Our next-door are noisy.
neighboring adj. the neighboring country neighborhood n. in the neighborhood
30.take care of=look after=care for take good care of=look after…well
eg. Who is the children while you’re away?
Our neighbor’s son got into a good college but during his first year, he had an idea
how to take care of himself.
31.ill adj. 有病 不舒服 worse-worst illness be/feel ill
eg. He felt because of his . He is seriously .
32.drop [drɒp] v. 落下 掉下 dropped-dropped
eg. The bottle and broke. everything and come here.
drop by drop in on sb.顺便拜访
eg. Drop by sometimes. I would in on you while I was pasing .
drop out (of sth…)辍学 eg. Steve Jobs out of school at last.
n. 滴 rain drops/ tear drops a drop of blood a drop in the ocean 沧海一粟
33.fairness [ˈfeənəs] n. 公正性 合理性
eg. We held the Olympic Games with the aim of justice and .
34.fair [feə(r)] adj. a fair price fair weather unfair fairness
eg. It’s not to treat the rich and the poor differently.

二．重要词组及短语

1. could you please do sth.?
你能……吗？/ 请你干……好吗？
2. do the chores 做杂务
3. do the dishes 洗餐具
4. sweep the floor 清扫地板
5. take out the trash 倒垃圾
6. make one's bed 铺床
7. fold one's clothes 叠衣服
8. clean the living room 清扫客厅
9. stay out late 晚归
10. come over 过来
11. have a test 考试
12. get a ride 搭车
13. use one's computer
使用某人的电脑
14. hate sth. / hate to do sth. / hate doing sth.
讨厌某事/做某事
15. do the laundry（[ˈlɔːndri] 洗衣物; 洗衣店）
= do some washing = wash clothes 洗衣服
17. wash the car 刷车
16. make breakfast / make dinner
= do some cooking 做饭
18. work on 从事，忙于
work at 学习、致力于、
19.. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
invite sb to a place 邀请某人去某地
20. go to the store 去商店
21. agree sb. to do sth. 同意某人做某事
agree with sb. 同意某人的意见
disagree sb. to do sth. 不同意某人做某事
disagree with sb. 不同意某人的意见
22. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
23. play with sb. 和某人玩
24. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事

25.关于 to 的短语总结：

have to do sth. 不得不，必须做某事
need to do sth. 需要做某事
hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
want to do sth. 想做某事
love to do sth. 热爱做某事
forget to do sth. 忘记做某事
start to do sth. 开始做某事
begin to do sth. 开始做某事
ask sb to do sth. 请某人做某事


三、句式、句型、短会话
1. Peter ,could you please take out the trash?
Could you please do sth ?请你（做）......好吗？ 用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.
---Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.
---Sorry , I can’t
2.Can you do the dishes.？ do the dishes 洗碗
【结构1】do the +名词： do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服
【结构2】do the +动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生
【结构3】do one’s + 名词 do one’s housework/ homework 做家务/家庭作业
【结构4】do some +动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物
3. Could I at least finish watching this show?
1】Could I do a sth? 我可以做......吗？
用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。 Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?
2】at least 至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反) at most 至少，不超过
Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and outside school.
3】finish v 结束；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事
e.g. Can you finish reading these books before 10 o'clock? — Yes, I can.
4、I think two hours of TV is enough for you!
1】two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 How time is flies! Three years __is_____(be) really a short time.
enough adj足够的，充分的（在句中作定语或表语）
enough
【解析2】 adj 修饰名词时候，放在名词前后都好 I don’t have enough money with me.
adv 足够（放在形容词副词后）The river is deep enough for swimming.
【记】 Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isn’t kind enough to help others.
【注意】enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。

5.The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over .
【解析1】the minute = as soon as “一...... 就......” Please write to me the minute you get there.
【解析2】 in front of 指在物体外部的前面There is a bike in front of the classroom.
【辨析】 in the front of 指在物体内部的前面
Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom
【记】 The driver sat _____in the front of_____ the car. The policeman stood ___in front of___ the car.
【注意】有the无the区别大：
at table 吃饭；进餐 in hospital 住院
at the tabel 在桌边 in the hospital 在医院（不一定看病）
【解析3】come over 过来 【拓展】 come 短语：
come across（偶然）发现 come back 回来 come up with想出
come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,出生于
come in/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点
come and go来来去去 come up上来 come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来
6.I’m just as tired as you are! as...as ... 和......一样......
注意：比较级倍数表达句型为：倍数+as+形容词、副词原级+as+比较对象
7. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I.
【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语） 也不”
⑴ neither两者都不
neither …nor… 既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定
e.g. Neither Tom nor Jim is a student
⑵ 表达“…也不……” 则用 “Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主”
e.g. —The first one wasn’t bad. — Neither was the second.
8. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.
【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语 【注】find → found →found v寻找
(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事
(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很
9.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie?
【解析】hang out 闲逛 hang up 把......悬挂/挂起
10.Could you please pass me the salt? 【解析】pass ⑴v 给；递；走过；通过
pass sb.sth 把某物递给某 Pass on 传递 e.g. Please pass the paper on to the other students.
⑵ v 通过；路过 I pass your home.
⑶ v 通过（考试） ；及格 Tom can pass his math exam.
11..Could I borrow that book? Could you lend me some money?
【解析】borrow /lend/keep
(1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，尤指主语“【借进来”】borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物
e.g. You can borrow the book from the library.
(2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去】 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人
e.g. He doesn’t want to lend his book to others.
(3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】

12.. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务。
hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。 I hate to trouble him.
hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。 She hates smoking in her room.

13.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then?
【解析】ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。 ask for 请求，要某物
ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事 (1)ask sb. for help 向某人请求帮助
(2) ask sb. (not) to do sth请求某人做某事
14. . Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？
【解析】invite sb. to Sp. 邀请某人去某地 【解析】invite v → invitation n邀请
(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事
(2)invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地
14..I don’t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.
【解析】make sb. do sth 让某人做某事 make → made →made v. 做， 制作， 使得
(1) make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物…” make you happy
(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh.

15.They don’t have time to study and do housework，too.
【解析】have time to do sth.有时间做某事 have time =be free 有空
16..They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and
get into a good university. 为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。
【解析1】spend... on sth 在某事上花费...... spend/pay/cost/take 花费
(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人
sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth sb. +spend +时间/钱+（in） doing sth spend on= pay for 支付
He spends too much time on the computer games.
Remember to spend some time _with_ your loved ones, because they’re not going to be around forever.
My father __spent___ one hundred thousand yuan on his new car.
(2) pay →paid →paid v 支付，主语是人
◆sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.
— How much did you __pay__ for this computer? — Five hundred dollars.
(3) cost→ cost→ cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事
◆sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱 A new computer costs me a lot of money.
I bought a new sweater last weekend. It ___cost_ me 120 yuan.
(4)take→took → taken v 花费
◆It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.
【解析2】get into =enter 进入 【拓展】与get相关的短语：
get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服
get dressed穿衣 get into进入 get/be lost丢失 get off/on下/上车
get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of从…出来 get warm 变暧
get ready for +n.为…做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事get well康复 get a chance 有
机会、得到机会get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相关：(be asleep睡着)
17.There is no need for them to do it now. 对于他们而言，现在做这件事是没有必要的。
There is no need for us to get up early tomorrow because it’s Sunday.
因为明天是周日，所以我们没有必要早起。
18. It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.
provide
为应急等做好准备而“提供； 供给”
provide sb. with sth. =provide sth for sb.提供某人某物
offer
侧重表示“愿意给予”
offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.对某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主动提出干某事
supply
定期“供应” , 强调替代或补充所需物品
Supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物
【解析】provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物








四、语法
1. can的过去式，“过去的能力” Could you play soccer when you were five? Yes, I could./No, I couldn’t.
2. 提出礼貌的要求。 Could you…?/Could you please….?
Could you please take the dog for a walk? Could you please take out the rubbish?
肯定回答：Certainly./Of course./ With pleasure./No prolem.
否定回答：Certainly not./No, I’m afraid not.
3. 表示请求许可 Could I borrow your car? Yes, you can. No, you can’t.
Could I go out for dinner with my friends? Could we get something to drink after the movie?
4. 表示可能性 The book could be Mike’s. He likes reading science books.
5. 虚拟语气 How I wish I could go with you.
---My recorder is broken. Could I use yours? --- , but you have to return it tomorrow.

四、作文
话题：家务劳动 内容：你做家务的经历及感受，孩子是否应该做家务
写作技巧：使用做家务常用词汇，合理表达观点
写作三段式：
A.点题 表达观点 应该要做家务B.阐述观点：为什么应该做家务C.强化表达愿望
范文：
作为一名学生，帮助父母做家务是一件有趣而有意义的事。它可以丰富我们的生活，让我们学会劳动，学会理解......但它也会花费时间......你认为呢？请以“My Opinion on Doing Housework”为题，写一篇80个词左右的短文，表明自己的观点，并简要说明其理由。
参考词汇：take out the trash ,do the dishes , waste time , develop independence
My opinion on Doing Housework
I think students should learn to do chores and help their parents with housework. It’s meaningful to help with housework.
Doing housework helps to develop our independence and teaches us how to look after ourselves . It also helps us to understand the idea of fairness. Our parents work hard all day and they also have stress from work. So it’s necessary for us to help them with chores ,such as taking out the trash /rubbish , doing the dishes . Of course, we need to spend some time on them. But I disgree that it’s a waste of time.
We need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.