Unit 3（教师专用）-2021-2022学年八年级英语下册同步精品讲义（人教版）

 Unit 3   Could you please clean your room ?Section   A 1.倒垃圾take out the rubbish2.打扫地板sweep the floor3.叠你的衣服fold your clothes4.整理你的床铺make your bed5.在外面待得晚stay out late6.出去吃完饭go out for dinner7.随时，在任何时刻any minute now8.乱七八糟 in a mess9.扔下throw down10.一直all the time11.一…就…as soon as12.向…借 borrow…from…13.把…借给lend…to…14.惊讶地 in surpriseSection   B 1.浪费时间a waste of time2.在…上花时间spend time on…3.上好大学get into a good university4.为了…in order to5.对某人来说没有必要做…There is no need for sb. to do6.做家务do chores7.为某人提供某物 provide sth for sb / provide sb. with sth9. 依赖、依靠depend on10.结果..as a result11.学会独立learn to be independent12.做…不够It is not enough to do.     要点精讲1.（1）Could you please...?意为“你能……吗？”，could在此并不是过去式，而是表示一种委婉的语气，please后接动词原形，肯定回答用Sure/Of course/Certainly，也可以用...can，不可以用...could；否定回答用Sorry...并给出理由，也可用...can’t / mustn’t。例：---Could you please help me with my homework? --Sure./Of course./Certainly./Sorry, I can’t. I’m busy now.（2）take out意为“带出去”，代词作宾语时，要放在take和out之间。2.（1）at least表示“至少”，反义词为at most“至多”。 （2）finish意为“完成、做好”，后接动词作宾语时，要用doing的形式。3. be back意为“回来”，相当于come back，前者侧重指状态，后者侧重指动作。4. mess用作名词，表示“杂乱、不整洁”，make a mess“搞得一团糟”；in a mess“一团糟”。5. (1) the minute意为“一……就”，用来引导时间状语从句，相当于the moment或者as soon as。(2) come over意为“过来”。6. all the time意为“反复、总是”，强调某段时间内一直在进行和发生的事情。7. 当我们要表示双方某方面(如年龄、身高等)程度相同或不同时，常用as…as或not as/so…as结构，表示“和……一样”或“和……不一样”。如：例：Mary is as careful as Linda．玛丽和琳达一样仔细。He does not run as fast as Tom．他跑步没有汤姆快。8. “Neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”结构，表示前者所描述的否定情况同样适用于后者，neither在此用作副词，表示“也不”。---I don’t like this dress.   ---Neither do I.    ---我不喜欢这条裙子。---我也是。9. as soon as引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”，要遵从“主将从现”的原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。I will go as soon as she arrives.  她一到我就去。10. hang out意为“闲逛、闲荡”。11. pass sb. sth.相当于pass sth. to sb.“把某物递给某人”。例：Pass me the book, please.= Pass the book to me please.  请把书递给我。  12.   borrow  “借进来”  borrow...from...“从……借入……”。lend    “借出去”  lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. “把某物借给某人”。     进行时 when 过去/现在13. when和while 意为 当……的时候     主句         从句进行时 while 进行时   主句   从句14. a waste of意为“浪费……”15. (1) spend的用法① sb. spend+时间/金钱+on sth. “在某事上花费多长时间或者多少钱”例：The man spent the whole day on his speech.  那人花了一整天的时间演讲。     ② sb. spend+时间+(in) doing sth. “花费多长时间做某事”例：The boy has spent two hours playing the computer games.这个男孩花了两个小时玩电脑游戏。 辨析spend, pay, take和costspend主语是人spend...on sth./spend...(in) doing sth.pay主语是人pay for sth./pay sb. for sth.take 主语是itIt takes sb.+时间+to do sth.cost主语是物sth. costs sb.+金钱(2)  in order to意为“为了……”后面跟动词不定式，作目的状语。in order to可位于句中或者句首 in order not to do sth. 意为“为了不做某事”。16. there is no need for sb. to do sth. 意为“对某人来说没有必要做某事”。例：There is no need for you to get up so early.  你没必要这么早起床。17. (1) It is+名词+to do sth.  “做某事是……”，其中的it为形式主语，后边的动词不定式才是真正的主语。例：It’s my job to look after you.  照顾你是我的工作。(2) provide表示“提供”时，provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. for sth.“为某人提供某物”；【拓展】offer也表示“提供”，但结构有所不同，offer sb. sth.或者offer sth. to sb.例：The government provided a lot of food and clothes for the flooded area. (受洪灾地区)=The government provided the flooded area with a lot of food and clothes.        政府为灾区提供了许多食物和衣服。18.（1）anyway用作副词，表示“而且、加之”，也可以表示“即使这样、无论如何”。例：It’s expensive and anyway the size is too small.   它很贵，而且尺寸太小了。Anyway, we should have a try.  无论如何，我们应该试试。（2）doing chores是动名词，在句中用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例：Doing morning exercise is good for us.  做早操对我们有好处。19. (1) It’s+adj.+for sb.+to do sth. 意为“做某事对某人来说……”，此结构中的形容词多为描述事物特征的词，如easy, important, dangerous, necessary等。例：It is important for you to study hard.     努力学习对你很重要。It is not easy to learn a foreign language.  学一门外语不容易。It’s+adj.+of sb.+to do sth. 意为“某人做某事是……的”，此结构中的形容词多是kind, nice, right, wrong, clever, foolish, polite等描述行为者性格、品质的词。例：It is very kind of you to lend me so much money.  你借我这么多钱真是太好了。20. depend on/upon意为“取决于……；由……决定；依靠”例：You can accept or refuse the gift. It depends on your personal choice.你可以接受或拒绝这份礼物。这取决于你个人的选择。21. independence用作不可数名词，表示“独立、自主”，形容词为independent，意为“独立的”。22.（1）since此处表示“因为、既然”，引导原因状语从句，常位于句首。例：Since you don’t know the boy, I will ask someone else.  既然你不认识那个男孩，我就去问别人。（2）do one’s part in (doing) sth. 意为“尽自己的职责去做某事”。例：The president asked every citizen to do his part in saving water. 总统要求每个公民为节约用水尽自己的一份力量。23. as a result意为“因此、结果”，在句中作状语；as a result of表示“由于”，后接名词或者代词，相当于because of例：He got up very late today. As a result, he missed the first bus. 他今天起得很晚。结果，他错过了第一班车。He was late as a result of the heavy rain. 由于大雨，他迟到了。  24. 本句为“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……越……”。例：The harder you study, the better grades you can get. 你越努力学习，你就能得到更好的成绩。The longer the war lasts, the more the people there will suffer.战争持续的时间越长，那里的人民遭受的苦难就越多。    语法讲解情态动词could的用法情态动词could可以用来表示请求或建议，具体用法如下：表示请求或者允许could表示请求或允许时，并不表示过去，只表示语气更加委婉，表示委婉的请求和陈述看法时，回答时用can。例：Could I use your cell phone for a while?  我可以用一下你的手机吗？---Could you come to my birthday party?  ---你能来参加我的生日聚会吗？---Sorry, I can’t. I have to stay at home to look after my mother. 对不起，我不能。我得呆在家里照顾我妈妈。表示建议情态动词could表示建议做某事，意为“可以”，语气比can更加委婉。例： You could ask your doctor to check you over and do a few tests. 你可以让你的医生给你做些检查。                 一. 词汇1. My mother asked me to take out the_________ (垃圾).2.There are some books on the _________ (地板).3. I bought a white_________(衬衣) for my father.4. I used the knife to cut things, but I cut my_________(手指) by chance.5. I_________(厌恶) doing chores. I think it’s boring.6. We went to the library to_________(借给) your ruler to me? I left mine at home.7. We should_________(扔) away the rubbish into the dustbin.8. Please _________(递) the salt to me.9. What a_________(杂乱)! You should clean up your bedroom at once.10. Nowadays most people have too much_________(精神压力).11. I hope trade between our two countries will_________(发展) rapidly.二. 单选(   )12. —Could you please pass me the eraser, Bob?  —_______.  Sure. Here you are B. That’s all right   C. Yes, please  D. Sorry, I couldn’t ( )13. —Could I look at your picture?    —Yes, of course you_______.could   B. can  C. will    D. must ( )14. Jim’s father asked Jim to_______the trash.bring out  B. take out   C. find out   D. get out( )15. You must_______yourself and keep healthy.look like    B. take care of  C. take out   D. look for( )16. Could I_______ten yuan from you?borrow      B. give   C. send    D. help ( )17. I don’t like doing the dishes because it’s_______.interesting   B. boring   C. interested  D. bored ( )18. Many students_______history because they think it’s boring.like  B. hate  C. agree D. enjoy( )19. It usually_______Mum about an hour to cook supper.pays     B. takes     C. spends   D. costs ( )20. —What was your brother doing at this time yesterday?—He was reading a magazine_______I was writing an e-mail at home.as soon as  B. after   C. until      D. while ( )21. The presents made us_______excited.feel       B. to feel      C. felt      D. felling ( )22. It’s important for us_______English well.learn    B. learning  C. to learn   D. learned ( )23. —Would you mind_______your bike over there?   —Not at all.move  B. moving    C. to move   D. moved ( )24. —Which of the two subjects do you like, art or music? —_______. They’re really interesting.Neither   B. Both   C. None   D. All三. 完成句子25. I help my mother ___________ ___________ ___________(洗餐具) every day.26. My father is busy ___________ ___________ ___________(一直).27. He spent___________ ___________(一整天) cleaning the room?28. What else did you do ___________ ___________ (一整晚)?29. 请你扫扫地，好吗？___________ ___________ ___________ sweep the floor?30. 你不得不打扫你的房间。 You ___________ ___________clean your room.31.女孩经常把一些钱花在衣服上。 Girls often___________some money___________clothes.32. 起床后，请整理床铺。 Please ___________ ___________ ___________after you get up.33. 星期天你能在家帮助你妈妈做家务吗？   ___________ you help your mother ___________ ___________at home on Sundays?你想和我一起去看电影吗？  Would you like___________ ___________ ___________the movies with me? 我们是否去野餐将会由天气决定。Whether we will go on a picnic will___________ ___________ the weather. 36. 他的话使我觉得很生气，所以我和他吵了一架。His words ___________ ___________ ___________angry, so I argued with him. 37. 我不明白为什么一些父母让孩子帮助在家做家务。I do not understand___________some parents___________their kids___________with housework and chores at home.38. 为了取得好成绩，进入一所好大学， 他们应该把他们的时间花在学业上。They should___________their time___________schoolwork___________________get good grades and get into a good university.39. 我觉得对孩子们来说，学会怎样做家务以及帮助父母做家务是很重要的。I think_____ _____ important_____children_____ _________how to do chores and help their parents with housework.四. 完形填空When I had something difficult to do, I used to ask my mother for help. But she always said, “Do it yourself, dear.” I was not __1___at all. I thought she was the __2___ mother in the world! For example, one day, I decided to__3___some friends to my home. My bedroom was not in order. Books were everywhere. And I didn't make the bed. I asked my__4___to help me clean it, __5___she still said, “Do it yourself, dear.”Because of my “lazy mother”， I have to__6___my clothes and clean my room. I have to help my parents__7___. I even have to go to the doctor by myself. It is really hard for me to do everything well, but I have learned __8___. As time goes by, I understand my mother. She makes me clever and hard­working. Just as my mom always says, “A lady can't be lazy or she'll be crazy. Work can make you sunny！”___9__ a great mother!A __10___ mother is worth one hundred teachers! Don't you think so?1. A. old            B. glad           C. thin          D. angry2. A. tallest          B. most foolish    C. laziest        D. funniest3. A. leave           B. invite         C. visit          D. take4. A. mother         B. father         C. brother        D. friends5. A. or             B. when          C. and          D. but6. A. wash          B. sell            C. dress         D. put7. A. do housework   B. go swimming    C. go camping   D. do homework8. A. on show        B. by mistake      C. a lot         D. a little9. A. Which         B. How           C. Who         D. What10. A. young        B. good           C. happy        D. hard­working五. 阅读理解Nobody likes to do chores, especially kids. How can you make your kids get into a good habit of doing their chores? Try making chores fun for them.Play some music: Music makes everything seem like a party, doesn't it? Play your kids' favorite music and let them dance around while they are doing their chores. Make it a treasure hunt(寻宝): It's a good way when you would like them to clean the house. Let them know that you hide(隐藏) a $5.00 bill someplace. If they find it, they can keep it. Change often: If your kids keep doing the same chores for months, they may feel bored. Giving them a new task(任务) is fun for both you and the kids. They will feel more grown­up when they get a new task.Do it together: It's never fun to be the only one working and watching everyone else relaxing. If everyone takes part in doing chores, you will finish them faster and have more fun. The article is for________. A. schools           B. teachers          C. parents          D. kids22. There are________pieces of advice in the article. A. three             B. four             C. five             D. six23. The writer thinks it's better to________while asking kids to clean the house. A. play their favorite music                 B. hide something for them to findC. give them a new task                    D. do it together with them24. Kids may feel________if they keep on doing the same chores for months.A. worried           B. fun              C. interested        D. bored  【参考答案】一、词汇1. trash/rubbish 2. floor 3. shirt 4. finger  5. hate/dislike   6. lend7. throw 8. pass 9. mess 10. stress 11. develop二、单选12—15：ABBB 16—20：ABBBD 21—24：ACBB三、完成句子  25. do/wash the dishes 26. all the time 27. all day 28. all evening/all night29. Could you please 30. have to 31. spend; on 32. make the/your bed33. Could; do chores/housework 34. to go to 35. depend on 36. made me feel37. why; make; help 38. spend; on; in order to 39. it is; for; to learn四、完型 11—15　BCBAD　16—20　AACDB五、阅读 21—24　CBBD