Unit 4（教师专用）-2021-2022学年八年级英语下册同步精品讲义（人教版）

 Unit 4   Why don’t you talk to your parents ? Section   A 1.允许某人去做某事allow sb. to do sth2.和…打架 get into a fight with3.谈论关于…talk about4.在电话中on the phone5.浏览、翻看look through6.重要的事a big deal7.生某人的气be angry with8.成功解决、计算出work out9.和..相处得好get on with…10.有足够的睡眠 get enough sleep11.笼罩hang over12.主动提出做…offer to do…13.和…交流communicate with…14.拒绝做某事refuse to do15.向某人解释…explain sth. to sb.16.抄袭某人的作业copy one’s homeworkSection   B1.家庭成员family members2.业余活动free time activities3.与某人竞争compete with sb.4.提出某人的观点give one’ s opinion5.学习应试技巧learn exam skills6.依….的观点看in one’s opinion7.删除，删减cut out8.总的做某事（厌烦等）be always doing sth.    要点精讲1. ① allow doing sth.  允许做某事例：The shopkeeper (店员) doesn’t allow smoking in any corner of the shop.店员不允许在商店的任何角落吸烟。② allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事例：His parents allow him to play computer games if he finishes his homework.      如果他做完作业，父母允许他玩电脑游戏。2. get into a fight with sb. 意为“和某人打架”，= have a fight with sb.或者fight with sb.3. What’s wrong?意为“怎么了？”，用来询问对方有什么问题或者不顺心的事，What’s wrong with...?意为“……怎么了？”，后接sb.或者sth.，用来询问某人或者某物怎么了？【拓展】询问“怎么了？”，主要有以下几种句型：What’s wrong (with sb./sth.)?What’s the matter (with sb./sth.)?What’s the trouble (with sb./sth.)?What’s up (with sb./sth.)?4. not...until  表示“直到……才……”。例：The boy waited in the school until his father came to pick him up.那男孩在学校里一直等到他父亲来接他。5. Why don’t you do sth.? 意为“你为什么不做某事”，= Why not do sth.…?肯定回答用 Good idea./Good./All right./Sure.等；否定回答用 No, I don’t think so./Sorry, I can’t.等。6.（1）find sb. doing sth. “发现某人正在做某事”，表示动作正在进行（2）look through 意为“快速查看、浏览”。【拓展】look的相关短语look forward to 盼望、期待   look up 查阅    look into 调查    look after 照看7.（1）although是连词， 意为“虽然、即使”，= though，引导让步状语从句。例：Although/Though my grandma is old, she is very healthy. 虽然我奶奶老了，但她很健康。（2）it’s not a big deal 意为“没什么大不了、不是什么大事”。例：Change the time of the meeting. It’s not a big deal.  更改会议时间。没什么大不了的。8. work out此处表示“成功地发展”，后常跟fine, well, badly等词，表示产生的结果如何；此外work out还可以表示“解决、制定出”。例：Everything is working out well.  一切都很顺利。The math problem is difficult for me to work out.  这道数学题对我来说很难解。I have worked out a new way of doing it.   我想出了一种新的方法。9. get on with意为“和睦相处”，后接人作宾语，= get along with【拓展】get on/along with sth.  意为“在……方面取得进展”例：How are you getting on with your essay?  你的论文写得怎么样？10. argue用作动词，表示“争吵”，argue with sb.“与某人争吵”；argue about sth.“就某事争论”。11. elder用作形容词，意为“年纪较长的”，反义词是younger。【拓展】elder和older的区别elder用来表示兄弟姐妹以及子女之间的长幼关系，常用作定语；older泛指新旧、老幼或者年龄大小的关系，可以用作表语或者定语。12. refuse表示“拒绝”时，后常接名词或者动词不定式作宾语。              句子 + instead             instead  adv.     13.（1）                   Instead, + 句子   instead of  介词短语                 instead of+宾语（名/代/doing）（2）whatever表示“无论什么、不管什么”，引导让步状语从句，= no matter what   give  因别人需要而“给”          give sb.sth.=give sth. to sb.                                                        offer sb.sth.=offer sth. to sb.  14. 给V.   offer  提供 别人提供可接受或拒绝                                                           offer to do sth. 主动提出干某事                                          provide sth. for sb.provide供给；提供 强调有预见性                                              provide sb. with sth. 15.（1）secondly用作副词，意为“第二、其次”，常与firstly, thirdly或者lastly/finally 等表示顺序先后的词，表示列举某些事实。（2）communicate with sb. 表示“与某人交流”例：People can communicate with each other freely on the Internet.人们可以在互联网上自由交流。      16. (1) explain表示“解释”，后常接名词作宾语，explain sth. to sb. 意为“向某人解释某事”。（2）mind的用法：① mind doing sth. 介意做某事② mind sb’s/sb doing sth. 介意某人做某事17. return此处用作及物动词，表示“归还”，= give back，return sth. to sb.= return sb. sth.     not...anymore相当于not...any more意为“不再……”。18.not...any more相当于no more，表示“不再”，强调程度或者数量上不再……；not...any longer相当于no longer，表示“不再”，强调时间上不再……。例：I can’t eat any more, because I am full.  = I can no more eat, because I am full.我不能再吃了，因为我饱了。例：The village is not what it was ten years ago any longer.  这个村子不再是十年前的样子了。= The village is no longer what it was ten year ago.19. pressure此处用作不可数名词，意为“压力”，under pressure表示“压力之下”。20. compete with意为“与……竞争/对抗 ”，= compete against...21. “the+姓氏的复数”表示一家人，用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。22. cut out意为“删除、删去”。23. It’s time for sth. 意为“该做某事了”，= It’s time to do sth.24. continue 表示“继续”，后接动词不定式或者动名词作宾语。例：Mrs. Green continued working/to work after she had her baby. 格林太太生完孩子后继续工作。25.（1）be always doing sth.意为“一直做某事、总是做某事”，含有赞扬、抱怨或厌恶等感情色彩，不表示正在发生的动作。(2) compare表示“比较”时，compare...with...“把…同…比较”；compare...to...“把…比作…”。26. cause这里是及物动词，表示“引起、造成”，cause sb. sth.= cause sth. for sb.例：The little boy caused his parents a lot of trouble. = The little boy caused a lot of trouble for his parents.这个小男孩给他父母惹了很多麻烦。【拓展】cause sb. to do sth.意为“导致某人做某事”27. in one's opinion 意为“依……看”，= according to sb.28. turn down  意为 “关小、调低”及“拒绝”   语法讲解 （一）情态动词should和could1. should 的用法（1）表示“应该，应当”。（2）表示“可能，该（=will probably）”（3）表示粗暴地拒绝一项建议、要求或指示。例：He should work harder.  他应该更加努力。His backpack should be in the classroom.  他的书包应该在教室里。2. 情态动词could可以用来表示请求或建议（1）表示请求或者允许could表示请求或允许时，并不表示过去，只表示语气更加委婉，表示委婉的请求和陈述看法时，回答时用can。例：Could I use your cell phone for a while?  我可以用一下你的手机吗？---Could you come to my birthday party?  ---你能来参加我的生日聚会吗？---Sorry, I can’t. I have to stay at home to look after my mother. 对不起，我不能。我得呆在家里照顾我妈妈。（2）表示建议情态动词could表示建议做某事，意为“可以”，语气比can更加委婉。例： You could ask your doctor to check you over and do a few tests. 你可以让你的医生给你做些检查。（二）连词until, so that, although引导的状语从句 until在肯定句中意为：‘直到…为止’until 引导时间状从 （主将从现）until在否定句中意为：‘直到…才’  not…until…             “为了；以便于”引导目的状语从句so that               “因此；所以” 引导结果状语从句 其前可用逗号 although = though 引导让步状从    although / though不与but出现在同一句子中  一．单选1. —What’s wrong ________you? You look unhappy. —My mother makes me do my homework instead of watching Operation Red Sea. A. from    B. with    C. of    D. to2. —Did they make a decision at last? —No. Everyone had a different ________ about the plan. We need to have another discussion. A. opinion  B. interest    C. member    D. relation3. Jenny is afraid to travel by plane. She always feels ________ when getting on it. A. nervous  B. interested    C. relaxed    D. happy4. Please ________ this picture with that one, and then tell me the differences between them. A. compare   B. advise   C. explain    D. return5. Never put off ________tomorrow what you can do today. A. until   B. before   C. when     D. as6. I’m going to take him to some famous hutongs ______he can learn more about China. A. because B. when   C. so that   D. even though7. Attention, please! Without permission, children are not allowed ________alone here. A. to swim B. swimming C. swim    D. swam8. —I ________ my best friend yesterday morning. —Why not call her up and say sorry to her? A. depended on B. looked for C. hung out with    D. argued with9. The math problem is very difficult. I can’t ________. Could you give me a hand? A. work it out    B. work out it     C. cut it out    D. cut out it10. —Our team lost the basketball game and I feel very sad. —________. I believe you can do better next time. A. It’s right  B. It’s exciting   C. It’s not a big deal D. It’s not a good idea    二．完形填空Dear Sir, My parents always put so much pressure on me. In my free time, they only__11___me to go to all kinds of classes. A few days ago, I didn’t get a good ___12___ in the science exam. My mom got angry and kept on saying she failed to raise me. I’m so ___13___ now. What should I do? BobDear Bob, Sometimes parents make__14__too. Your mother shouldn’t talk to you like that. Perhaps your parents grew up in a poor situation. They met so many __15__in their poor lives. So they want to give you the best. As a result, they try to __16__you hard. You must be angry about all these. But you can’t__17____with your parents. You should communicate with them. You could say, “Mom, I ___18___ you and I want to do the best. But what you said is not helping me out. ___19__it makes me nervous. I want you to help me but not to hurt me. I understand you want ___20__ to have an easier life than you had. But I also need to have more time to relax and be a kid. ”After you tell your parents your opinions, maybe they can understand you. Mr. White                   11. A. refuse      B. ask            C. invite        D. forget12. A. grade      B. price        C. deal           D. letter13. A. happy      B. comfortable     C. surprised      D. nervous14. A. mistakes      B. promises     C. decisions        D. noises15. A. opinions      B. skills         C. difficulties    D. members16. A. compare      B. guess         C. copy       D. push17. A. talk         B. say             C. argue       D. explain18. A. love         B. offer         C. miss       D. lose19. A. Instead of  B. Instead         C. Once       D. Though20. A. you         B. me             C. us          D. them  三.  阅读理解Micheal was a good boy. He was hard­working but shy, so he had no friends at school.  James was a new student in his class. Other students soon got on well with him except Micheal. One day, some boys put some money into Micheal’s bag and one of them pretended (假装) to have his money. Of course, they found the money in Micheal’s bag at last. Micheal felt shameful, but he could not say anything about it. Soon his classmates called him a thief (贼) and laughed at him at school. His teachers also believed he stole the money and called his parents to the school. Just then, James stood out and helped Micheal make everything clear. From that day on, Micheal and James became good friends. James often took Micheal to take part in many activities and Micheal became active. Micheal often helped James with his math. Then Micheal had got more friends, and he became the monitor (班长) in his class. 21. Micheal had no friends at school because ______. A. he was a new student    B. he couldn’t get on well with JamesC. he was shy             D. he worked very hard22. The underlined word “shameful” means ________ in Chinese. A. 害怕的    B. 高兴的   C. 伤心的   D. 羞耻的23. At last, Micheal’s classmates knew Micheal was not a thief with the help of ________. A. James    B. some boys   C. his teacher    D. his parents24. James may not be good at ________. A. music    B. math      C. science       D. English25. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph? A. The classmates were angry with James.   B. Micheal was still very shy. C. James was a good monitor.             D. Finally, Micheal could get on well with his classmates. 四．词汇运用A) 根据句意及汉语提示填写单词26. Both reading and writing are important ________(技能). 27. The little boy is ________ (造成) trouble for his parents. 28. In order to________(提供)passengers with better service, many trains in China started free Wi­fi service. 29. Her brother is ________(抄袭) her today’s homework. 30. ________(任何) you say, I won’t believe you. B) 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空31. The TV says that it will be ________(cloud) the day after tomorrow. 32. Mr. Jackson goes to work at 7:00 a. m. and________ (return) at 5：00 p. m. every day. 33. The ________(develop)of AI(人工智能)will enable us to learn more about our brains. 34. Some students find it is hard to have __________(communicate)with their parents. 35. Jim is much________ (crazy) about basketball than my friend. 五．完成句子36. 我有太多家庭作业，所以我没有任何空闲时间做我喜欢的事情。I have too much homework _______ I don’t have any free time to do things________ _________    37. 我真的很累，因为我昨天晚上一直学到半夜。I’m really tired___________I studied___________midnight last night.你今天晚上为什么不早点睡觉。   ___________ ___________ ___________go to sleep earlier this evening?39. 你应该给他打电话，为的是你可以道歉。You___________call him___________ ___________you can say you’re sorry. 40. 尽管她错了，但那没什么大不了的。  ___________ she’s wrong, it’s not a big deal.41. 我觉得这不公平。I___________ ___________this fair.42. 他拒绝参加我的生日聚会。 我不知道发生了什么。He___________ ___________ ___________to my birthday party. I didn’t know what happened.43. 他们成功地解决了那个问题。They___________ ___________the problem successfully.  【参考答案】一、单选1. B　点拨：固定搭配What’s wrong with…? ……怎么了? 2. A3.  A　点拨： nervous紧张的；interested感兴趣的；relaxed放松的；happy开心的。根据afraid, 可知是“紧张的”。故选A。4. A5.  A　点拨：句意：绝不要把今天能做的推迟到明天。until直到……为止；before在……之前；when当……时；as因为, 当……时。根据句意可知选A。6. C　7. A　8. D　9. A10.  C　点拨：A项“它是对的”；B项“它是令人兴奋的”；C项“这没什么大不了的”；D项“这不是个好主意”。由“我相信下次你会做得更好。”可知, 应该安慰对方输掉篮球赛不是什么大事。故选C。二、完型11. B　12. A　13. D　14. A　15. C　16. D　17. C　18. A 19. B　20. B三、阅读21. C　点拨：细节理解题。由第一段的第二句He was hard­working but shy, so he had no friends at school. 可知, 他是因为害羞, 而没有朋友。故选C。22. D　点拨：词义猜测题。根据上一段他被诬陷偷别人的钱, 他应该感到羞耻。故选D。23. A　点拨：细节理解题。由第三段的最后James stood out and helped Micheal make everything clear可知, James站出来帮助了他。故选A。24.  B　点拨：推理判断题。根据最后一段的Micheal often helped James with his math. 可推测, James可能数学不好。故选B。25. D　点拨：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容：他变得活跃, 有了更多的朋友, 并且成了班长, 可以判断出他与同学们相处得很好。故选D。四、词汇运用A)26. skills　27. causing 28. provide　29. copying 30. WhateverB)31. cloudy　32. returns　33. development 34. communication　35. crazier五、翻译 24. so; I like/love 25. because; until 26. Why don’t you 27. should; so that28. Although/Though              29. don’t think              30. refused to come              31. worked out