Unit 7（教师专用）-2021-2022学年八年级英语下册同步精品讲义（人教版）

 Unit 7   What’s the highest mountain in the world ?1.最古老的国家之一one of the oldest countries2.随意做某事feel free to do sth.3.据我所知as far as I know4.最高的山脉the highest mountain5.其他任何一座山any other mountain6.在所有的咸水湖中of all the salt lakes7.……的精神the spirit of… 8.呼吸空气take in air9.面对…in the face of 10.放弃做某事give up doing sth.11.实现某人的梦想achieve one’ s dream12.虽然；尽管even though13.出生时at birth14.兴奋地跑过去run over with excitement15.撞到某人walk into sb.16.摔倒fall over17.每两年every two years18. 砍伐森林cut down the forests19.濒危动物endangered animals20.处于危险之中be in danger21.到达数量、程度up to22. …的重要性the importance of23.run over to… 跑向……24.cause more problems造成更多问题25.the population of  ………的人口 26.a symbol of ……的象征27.cause more problems 造成更多问题28.or so 大约，用于数字后边29.protect....from/against保护....使不受；防御30.prepare for 为……做准备31.be awake 醒着32.the habit of… ……的习惯33.do research做研究34.die from 死于……（外因）35.take care of 照顾;照料36.risk one’s life 冒某人的生命危险37.the main reason 主要原因38.people around the world 全世界的人们 要点精讲1. square用作形容词，表示“平方的”，用于数字后面表示面积。例：Our new house is 95 square meters in size.  我们的新房子有95平方米大。2.英语中常见的长宽高的表达方式为：基数词+单位词+形容词(long, wide, high, deep)例：The rope is two meters long.    绳子有两米长。3. any other+可数n.单数 意为“其他任何一个”，常用于比较级结构中，表示最高级含义，可与“the other+可数名词复数”或者the others互换。例：Peter runs faster than any other student/the other students/the others in his class.    彼得跑得比班上其他学生快。4. population的用法population n. （集合名词）“人口；人口数量”①基数词+percent of the population are….  百分之几的人口……②询问人口有多少？What’s the population of ……?③形容人口多用 big/large  形容人口少用small5. protect...from / against + doing   保护……免受……6. as far as I know = as far as I am concerned   据我所知、我认为      include  包含、包括，强调一个整体里面包含一些部分7.                 The book includes eight units. 这本书包括八个单元。including 包括，常用作介词，                      He has many friends, including Tom. 他有许多朋友，包括汤姆。8. take in  吸收例：Do you know how plants take in water?  你知道植物是如何吸收水分的吗？                        succeed to do sth.9. succeed成功做成某事    succeed in doing sth.10.（1）challenge sb. to (do) sth.  向……某人挑战做某事（2）in the face  面对（问题或者困难）11. even though 即使、虽然 = even if，引导让步状语从句12. 倍数+比较级+than  比……大/多多少倍例：The room looks three times bigger than that one.  这个房间看起来比那个大三倍。13. （1）at birth  出生时（2）up to  达到（某种数量或者程度）例：The theatre can hold up to 500 people.  这家剧院能容纳500人。【拓展】be up to sb.  由某人决定      prepare for sth.   为……做准备 （不一定做好了） ①  14.    prepare...for...    为……准备……  ②         be prepared for   为……做准备  （做好准备了，注重状态） ③   例：① They are preparing for the party tonight.           他们正在为今晚的聚会做准备。       ② We should prepare some sweets for Children’s Day.  我们应该为儿童节准备一些糖果。     ③ The players are well prepared for the match.        队员们为比赛做好了充分的准备。15. awake用作形容词，“醒着的”，反义词是asleep。16. or so  意为“大约”，放在数量词后面，表示大约的概念。例：There are 30 workers or so in the factory.   工厂里大约有30名工人。      die from 通常在外部原因（事故，缺乏食物等）造成的死亡         17.            die of   通常指人体自身原因（年老，忧伤等）造成的死亡语法讲解（一）基数词基数词的构成基数词1-12是独立的单词one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve基数词13-19是在个位数后面加-teen，其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen是不规则变化thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen整十的基数词20-90是在个位数词后面加-ty，其中twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty是不规则变化twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety非整十基数词21-99是在十位数后面加上个位数，中间加上连字符“-”。twenty-one, seventy-six, eighty-eight三位数以上的基数词，百位数和十位数之间用and连接。two hundred and one, three thousand five hundred and fourteen【注】英语中没有“万”和“亿”这两个单位，在表示“万”和“亿”时，把“万”念成10个千，“十万”念成100个千，“亿”念成100个百万……以此类推。例：10,000：ten thousand     100,000: a hundred thousand100,000,000: a hundred million   35, 845: thirty-five thousand, eight hundred and forty-fivehundred, thousand, million 和billion的用法hundred, thousand, million和billion等表示确切数字时，只用其单数形式；但是在表示不确切数字时，要用其复数形式，并且与of连用例：There are more than three hundred days in a year. 一年有三百多天。      Thousands of visitors travel to the Great Wall every year. 每年有成千上万的游客游玩长城。（二）形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形容词的变化规则①直接 + er,  est            ②以e结尾，直接 + r, st规则变化      ③以“辅元辅”结尾，双写再 + er, est④以“辅+y”结尾，变y为i，+ er, est⑤多音节单词： more + 原级,  the most + 原级  good / well → better --- best                  bad(ill) / badly→ worse --- worst  不规则变化      much / many → more --- most                  little → less --- least                  far→ farther / further --- farthest / furthestold → older / elder --- oldest / eldest① ……as+原级as……否定句 ☞   so + 原级as……② so+adj.+a/an+单数n.原级     ③ such+a/an+adj.+单数n.      ④ 倍数+as+原级as……⑤ very，quite，too，so ,pretty+原级                                    ① 主+谓+比+than+被比较部分② The+比……,the+比……(越……越……)2.用法      比较级     ③ ……比and比……/more and more+原级……(越来越……)                      ④ 主+谓+the+比+of the two +复数n.（两个中最……）⑤ much , far ,even ,a lot ,any a little , a bit等+比较级① 主+谓+the+最高级+范围                      ② 主+谓+比+than+any other+名单+范围           最高级     ③ 主+谓+比+than the other+名复+范围                      ④  the +序数词+形高名单 is ……                 ⑤  One of +the +形高名复 is……   一.  单项选择1. It's our duty to ________ the earth because it is our only home.A. pollute            B. protect             C. provide           D. offer 2. Jim is a new student in my class and I'm the first ________ friends with him.A. make            B. to make           C. making           D. made3. The boy was so excited that he couldn't fall asleep. When I woke up, I found that he was still _______. A. awake           B. asleep            C. alone             D. afraid4. —Do you know that China is one of ________ countries in the world?—Yes, I do. It's ________ than my country.A. oldest; old                            B. the oldest; more olderC. the oldest; much older                  D. oldest; older5. Tony always works hard. Of all the students, he did ________ in this exam.A. good            B. well             C. better            D. best6. It's much ________ to have a small lovely room than a big cold one.A. good            B. well             C. better            D. best7. He is a good teacher ________ he has little experience.A. even though      B. so that           C. because           D. if8. ________ the mountain is, ________ the air is.A. The highest; the thinnest               B. Higher; thinnerC. The higher; the thinner                D. The high; the thin9. —________ is the population of your city?—About one million.A. What           B. How much       C. How many         D. How10. —You seem very happy.—Yes, I just succeeded in ________ my dream job.A. got            B. getting           C. get               D. to get二. 完形填空Rudi Matt lived in a small village in the Swiss Alps in 1865. What he wanted most in the world was to climb the __11__ peak(山峰) in the Alps. Rudi's mother and his uncle, Franz, a mountain guide, wanted him to stop __12__ and start working in a hotel. Rudi would not __13__ his dream and secretly got in touch with an English mountain climber __14__ was planning to climb the highest peak.Franz was very __15__ when he found out what Rudi had done, but he finally agreed to let Rudi go if he went climbing, __16__. Franz didn't want to see Emil Saxo, a guide from another village, get to the top __17__ him. Rudi turned out to be a very good climber, __18__ as they got close to the top, the Englishman got sick and could go no farther. Franz __19__ behind to take care of him, but Saxo continued, wishing to be the __20__  to the top. Rudi went after Saxo, hoping to __21__ him to the top. When they met, Saxo fought with Rudi and fell down by accident. Saxo was helpless and hurt. Rudi must __22__ whether to carry Saxo back down to safety or to continue alone to the top.He decided Saxo's life was more __23__ than his dream and helped him down. During that time, the Englishman and Franz __24__ the climb, and finally they reached the top. Later, when they returned to the village, they told people that __25__ was the real conqueror(征服者) of the mountain. 11. A.  highest        B. farthest         C. biggest         D. deepest12. A.  learning       B. playing         C. climbing        D. talking13. A.  try out         B. give up        C. go over          D. work out14. A.  what          B. which          C. whom          D. who15. A.  tired          B. glad            C. quiet           D. angry16. A.  either         B. too             C. once           D. instead17. A.  after          B. behind          C. before          D. over18. A.  but           B. so              C. or             D. for19. A.  walked        B. rested           C. stayed          D. watched20. A.  first          B. second           C. third           D. last21. A.  take          B. beat             C. push           D. help22. A.  wonder       B. remember         C. ask            D. decide23. A.  important     B. successful         C. popular         D. interesting24. A.  stopped      B. continued          C. enjoyed         D. finished25. A.  Franz        B. Saxo              C. the Englishman   D. Rudi 三. 阅读理解Jane Goodall is a famous scientist. For more than 40 years, Goodall lived mostly in Tanzania in East Africa, studying chimpanzees. As a young child, Jane Goodall was interested in animals. She grew up in the English countryside and was always climbing trees or riding horses. When Jane was 23, she got a chance to go to Africa. Even though she had never been to college, she got a job with a famous scientist named Louis Leakey. One day Louis Leakey said he needed a volunteer. He needed someone to go to a lake in Tanzania to study a kind of chimpanzees. Jane was excited. On July 16, 1960, she began her exploration(探索). At first, the chimpanzees ran away from Jane. But with time passing, they got used to her being around. Every day, Jane would follow the chimpanzees, taking notes on their behavior. She learned many new things about chimpanzees. She watched how a chimpanzee made a tool. She learned how some chimpanzees became good leaders. She watched how mother chimpanzees raised their children. She watched chimpanzees get angry and get upset. She wrote everything down so others would understand animals as she did. She learned that if you pay really close attention to animals, you will understand what they are “saying”. 26. What is the correct order of the following sentences according to the passage?a. Jane went to Africa.                 b. Jane started her exploration.c. Jane worked with Louis Leakey.       d. Jane was born in the countryside. e. Jane followed chimpanzees.A. d－a－e－b－c                    B. b－a－c－d－eC. a－d－c－b－e                    D. d－a－c－b－e27. Louis Leakey chose Jane Goodall as a volunteer to ________. A. plant trees                        B. raise horsesC. study chimpanzees                 D. do experiments 28. Jane ________ the chimpanzees' behavior to help others understand them.A. wrote down                       B. took pictures ofC. made videos of                    D. drew pictures about 29. Which of the following is true?A. Mother chimpanzees don't raise their children.     B. Chimpanzees don't get angry.C. Chimpanzees don't get upset.                   D. Chimpanzees can make tools.30. What is the best title of the passage?A. Jane Goodall's College Life              B. Jane Goodall's FamilyC. Jane Goodall, a Famous Scientist          D. Jane Goodall and Louis Leakey四. 完成句子1. 他是我所知道的最高的人。He is___________ ___________person I’ve known.2. 中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。China is ___________  ___________  ___________  ___________  ___________in the world.3. 春天来了，白天也越来越长了。The spring comes and the day is getting ___________  ___________  ___________.4. 美国和中国差不多大，但中国的历史却比美国长的多。America is almost ___________  ___________  ___________China, but the history of China is ___________  ___________  ___________than ___________              of America.这所学校招收外国学生。The school___________ ___________foreign students.6. 那个老人跌倒了，摔伤了腿。That old man___________ ___________and broke his leg.7. Basketball is more popular than football in the USA.(写出同义句) Football is___________ ___________popular as basketball in the USA.8. I’m tall. My best friend is also tall.(合并句子)My best friend and I___________ ___________ ___________9. Mary, her, a, is, lot, serious, more, than, sister(合并句子)___________________________________________________五.  词汇A)  根据音标拼写单词1.The Sahara is the largest___________(/'dezə(r)t/) in the world.2.Do you know the___________(/,pɒpjʊ'leɪʃn/) of Shanghai?3.The river is nearly 20 meters___________(/diːp/). People mustn’t swim in it.4.It’s our duty to___________(/prə'tekt/) the environment.B) 用词的正确形式填空5.I want to know the___________(weigh) of the vegetables.6.The children are running in___________(excite).7.The little dog died after a long___________(ill).8.It’s an___________ (amaze) trip! 【参考答案】一．单选 1.B　pollute意为“污染”；protect意为“保护”；provide意为“提供”；offer意为“主动提出；自愿给予”。句意：因为地球是我们唯一的家，所以保护地球是我们的责任。故选B。2. B　be the first to do sth.意为“第一个做某事”。3. A4. C　第一空考查“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”的用法；第二空后有than，than前面用形容词或副词的比较级，much可以修饰比较级，more则不能。故选C。5. D　6.C　7.A　8.C9. A　询问人口多少，用问句“What's the population of…？”10. B　succeed in doing sth.意为 “成功地做某事”，故选B。二．完形11—15　ACBDD　16—20　BCACA   21—25　BDABD 三．阅读 26—30　DCADC四．完成句子1.the; tallest 2.one; of; the; oldest; countries3.longer; and; longer4.as; big; as; a; lot; longer; that5.takes in 6.fell over 7.not as/so 8.are both tall 9.Mary is a lot more serious than her sister.五．词汇 1.desert 2.population 3.deep 4.protect  5.weight 6.excitement 7.illness 8.amazing