北师大版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 8 Green livingLesson 1 Roots and Shoots习题

Unit 8 Green Living

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．Both  involve(包含) somewhat the same basic information.

2．We will then have a firmer foundation(基础) of fact on which to build theories.

3．Our institute(研究院) has ordered a great many instruments from the company.

4．The polluted air and water are harmful(有害的) to people's health.

5．I was bothered(烦恼的) about the blister on my hand.

6．Why do you think others might have an opposing view(观点)?

7．The child couldn't keep his balance(平衡) on his new bicycle.

8．We recycle(再利用) all our empty food and drink cans.

9．His movie of the extinction(灭绝) of dinosaurs is  a great success.

10．Britain's future as a leading industrial(工业的) nation depends on investment.

Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

If you live in Shanghai, Beijing or many other cities，you may see many orange bicycles on the streets these days.

These bikes are owned by a company called Mobike.You can order a bike through an app on your phone.When you find a bike, you just scan a QR code (扫描二维码) on the bike so you can use it.You don't need to return the bike to a station—you can park it anywhere.

China was known as “the kingdom of bicycles” about 30 years ago.But more people choose to drive cars and catch the subway these days.Bike rental(租赁的) services like Mobike are bringing bikes back.

“Back then, I got the feeling that Chinese people were trying to be modern and push away the past.So they did not want to be linked with bicycles，” said Ines Brunn, a German woman who runs a bike store in Beijing.“I do believe changes in people's tastes will shape new thinking about bikes.”

Online rental services are making biking more convenient, but it's still not easy to ride bikes in Chinese cities.Cars often take up bicycle lanes(道路)．Bikers have to ride next to cars in car lanes, which can be very dangerous.

Beijing plans to build over 3，200 km of new bike lanes.Drivers who drive in bike lanes will be punished.Traffic signs will be put up to better protect bikers.

【语篇解读】　文章主要介绍了现在中国很多城市出现了一种新型的摩拜单车，人们可以通过手机及相应的应用程序扫描二维码使用，它将自行车重新带回中国。而北京计划新建自行车道，以便更好地保护骑自行车的人。

1．If you want to use a Mobike,         ．

A．you have to scan a QR code

B．you don't need to pay for it

C．you don't have to return it

D．you have to pay for an app

A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When you find a bike，you just scan a QR code  on the bike so you can use it.”可知，如果你想使用摩拜单车，你必须扫描二维码，故选A。]

2．Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 3?

A．China had the most bicycles in the world about 30 years ago.

B．There are more bicyclists than motorists these days.

C．More people are driving cars or taking the subway these days.

D．Bike rental services are becoming more popular.

B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But more people choose to drive cars and catch the subway these days.”可知，B选项“现在骑自行车的人比开车的人多”不正确，故选B。]

3．What does Ines Brunn mean when she says people's tastes are changing?

A．Chinese people like modern things.

B．Chinese people like riding bicycles.

C．People in Beijing are changing their tastes.

D．More people will start riding bikes.

D　[细节理解题。根据第四段“‘Back then，I got the feeling that Chinese people were trying to be modern and push away the past.So they did not want to be linked with bicycles，’ said Ines Brunn，a German woman who runs a bike store in Beijing.‘I do believe changes in people's tastes will shape new thinking about bikes.’”可知，人们品味的改变意味着更多的人将开始骑自行车，故选D。]

4．Which is the best title for the passage?

A．How to Use a Mobike

B．Orange Bikes Will Be Fashionable

C．Bringing Back Bikes

D．Why Is Beijing Building New Bike Lanes?

C　[标题归纳题。根据文章讲述摩拜单车在中国的使用和流行，及第三段“Bike rental services like Mobike are bringing bikes back.”可知，C项“带回自行车”适合作文章标题，故选C。]

B

A food additive (添加剂) is any substance  (物质) that is added to food.Many people are put off by the idea of “chemicals in food”. The truth is that all food is made up of chemicals.Natural substances  like milk，as well as man­made ones like drinks on sale in the market，can be described by chemical formulas.Some chemical substances are indeed harmful，but a person who refused to consume any chemicals would find nothing to eat.

The things we eat can be divided into natural and man­made substances.Some people feel that only natural foods are healthy and that all man­made ingredients are to be avoided.But many natural chemicals，found in plants and animals，are harmful when eaten，and some laboratory­made substances increase the nutritional value of food.Other chemicals have natural and man­made forms that are exactly alike：vitamin C is vitamin C，whether it comes from a test tube or from an orange.Like “chemical”，“man­made” doesn't necessarily mean “not fit to eat”．

Food additives are used for many reasons.We add sugar and salt and other things to foods we prepare at home to make them taste better.Food producers have developed a range of additives that stabilize，thicken，harden，keep wet，keep firm，or improve the appearance of their products.

Additives can make food more convenient or nutritious，give it a longer shelf life，and make it more attractive to the consumer，thus increasing the sales and profits of the producers.

Food additives are presently the centre of a storm of serious argument.Food producers have been known to use additives that have not been proved safe；some substances in common use have been proved unsafe and have been taken off the market.Many people feel there's a risk of eating food to which anything has been added.But food additives are now regulated by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) of the federal government，and new additives will go through strict testing before they can be placed on the market.For most people，the chances of developing serious side effects from the long­term use of presently approved (批准) food additives are very small.

【语篇解读】　本文介绍了食物添加剂的种类和作用，人们对食物添加剂的担忧以及联邦政府为保证食物添加剂的安全所做的努力。

5．From the passage we can learn that         ．

A．it is right to refuse chemicals in food

B．all foods have chemical substances

C．food additives are harmful to our health

D．natural foods are much safer than man­made ones

B　[细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“The truth is that all food is made up of chemicals.”和最后一句“Some chemical substances are indeed harmful，but a person who refused to consume any chemicals would find nothing to eat.”可知，现在所有食物都含有添加剂，如果一个人拒绝食用任何形式的添加剂，他会发现自己没有东西吃。也就是说所有食物都有化学添加剂的成分。故B正确。]

6．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Foods without additives can keep a much longer shelf life.

B．Foods with more additives have higher nutritional value.

C．To ensure food safety，the FDA will stop food additives.

D．Food additives can improve the quality of foods in many ways.

D　[细节理解题。根据第四段“Additives can make food more convenient or nutritious，give it a longer shelf life，and make it more attractive to the consumer，thus increasing the sales and profits of the producers.”可知，添加剂让食物的味道更好，可以提高产品的外形，更吸引消费者，更方便，更有营养。说明添加剂可以在很多方面提高食物的品质。故D正确。]

7．According to the writer，the food additive is          ．

A．poisonous　　　 B．worrying

C．avoidable   D．acceptable

D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，食物添加剂受到联邦政府的严格控制并经过严格的测试，对人的副作用会很小。也就是说作者认为食物添加剂还是可以接受的。故选D。]

Ⅲ.阅读七选五

Scientists often see the first ten years of a child's life as the “window of opportunity”.   1  And studies show that the following activities can benefit their brain greatly.

  2 

Free playtime has always been an important part of “being a kid”，but it is also important to a child's development.“Free play” not only helps kids develop different skills，it also helps them develop into happy healthy adults in the future.

Read with kids

Reading has long been known to improve children's intelligence.  3  For parents who don't have much time, just surrounding your kids with books goes a long way too.

Put kids to bed early

  4  Preschool children should get at least eleven hours of sleep and kids up to age 12 should try to get at least ten hours of sleep.

Learn a second language

Early studies in this field have shown that bilingual(双语的)kids can perform better under pressure.Young children can learn new languages with nearly perfect fluency(流利)and pronunciation.

Praise good effort not intelligence

Your kids may be smart but you should mainly praise the effort they put into tasks.Kids，who are praised on intelligence，often feel it is a fixed quality，and mistakes or failures badly hurt their self­confidence.Kids who are praised on effort often focus more on learning.  5 

A．Play some helpful games.

B．Give them enough playtime.

C．And they are not afraid to fail and try again.

D．Kids still need time away from the TV to do homework.

E．Kids who read often develop earlier writing and number skills as well.

F．Everything at this time is very important to the development of a person's brain.

G．Studies show that kids with regular bedtimes are better at languages，math and reading.

【语篇解读】　本文讲述了在很小的时候对孩子的教育的重要性，文章就此给出了几个建议。

1．F　[根据前句“Scientists often see the first ten years of a child's life as the ‘window of opportunity’．”可知，人生的前10年很重要，做的每一件事情对人脑的发展都会起着很重要的作用。故F项符合上下文。]

2．B　[根据本段第一句“Free playtime has always been an important part of ‘being a kid’”可知，玩耍的时间对孩子来说特别重要，告诉我们要给孩子足够的时间。]

3．E　[根据前句“Reading has long been known to improve children's intelligence.”可知，大量的阅读对孩子有很多的作用，故E项符合上下文。]

4．G　[根据下一句“Preschool children should get at least eleven hours of sleep and kids up to age 12 should try to get at least ten hours of sleep.”可知，有规律的睡眠时间的孩子在很多方面发展得较好。故G正确。]

5．C　[根据前一句“Kids who are praised on effort often focus more on learning.”可知，被表扬的孩子更加关注学习，他们不害怕失败，愿意多次尝试。故C项符合上下文。]