考点13 名词性从句 制胜2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练学案

制胜2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练

考点13 名词性从句 

   名词性从句主要要求考生掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。未来对名词性从句的考查仍然不会单纯地考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的综合运用能力。

1. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·69) Data about the moon’s composition, such as how_______ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.

答案：much

解析：考查宾语从句。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用how much引导宾语从句，故填much。

2. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·61) While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence _______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.

答案：that

解析：考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处句子结构完整, 空格后为同位语从句, 解释说明evidence的内容, 故填that。

3. (2012广东卷) The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered _____ the boy would do.

答案：what

解析：考查宾语从句。引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语，故用连接代词what。

4. (2016全国Ⅰ卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.

答案：what→where

解析：因介词后必须跟宾语，所以to的从句为宾语从句；由I live可知是住“的地方”，表示“……的地方”用where；close to where I live(离我住的地方不远的)是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰a restaurant。

5. (2015全国Ⅱ卷) He turned around and found where his parents were missing.

答案：where→that或删去what

解析：“他的父母亲不见了”，句子意思和句子结构都完整了，当句意和结构都完整时，用that引导宾语从句，故改where为that；另外，引导宾语从句的that一般可省略，故也可直接删除where即可。

一、单句语法填空

1. ( 2018全国Ⅲ卷)I’m not sure ______ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) ... I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at the top of her lungs.

2. (2015全国Ⅱ卷)…the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ______ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

3. (2014广东卷)After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months earlier, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. …I didn’t understand _____ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.

4. (2007广东卷) Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers were arguing as to _____ should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house.

5. (2019山西) In 1752, Benjamin Franklin tied a key to a kite and flew it in a storm in order to find out ___________ lightening was a form of electricity.

二、单句改错

1. (2013全国大纲卷) This is how I need to improve in the future.

2. (2012全国Ⅰ卷) For a while, my parents bought me new toys. But before long, they began to see which was happening.

3. (2010全国大纲Ⅰ卷) So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize.
4. (2009全国课标卷)No lectures this morning so I think I’d email you and let you know what things are going.
5. (2007全国大纲卷)My school is organizing a basketball team and there’s just a chance which

I can join it.

一、单句语法填空

1. who或which根据语境可知，“我”不确定谁或哪一个感到更害怕些，是“我”还是这只母猩猩。故用who或which。

2. that考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处句子结构完整, 空格后为同位语从句, 解释说明evidence的内容, 故填that。

3. why 考察定语从句。根据句意，因“6个月前预订的”“信用卡上又付了预订的钱了”“我不明白为什么会发生这样的事”。由句意可知填why。

4. who考察宾语从句。介词as to(关于)后必须跟宾语，其后的句子应为宾语从句；而 “有幸接待我”的应是人，在宾语从句中作主语，用who。

5. whether/if 考察宾语从句。根据句意, 意思不确定, 故用whether/if引导。

二、单句改错

1. how→what考察表语从句。引导表语从句并作improve的宾语，用连接代词what。

2. which→what考察宾语从句。在及物动词see后应为宾语从句，而“看看哪一个发生”，句意不通顺，应是“看看会发生什么”，故改用what。

3. if后加what 考察主语从句。引导主语从句并在从句中作said的宾语，用连接代词what，意为“他们所说的”。

4.what→how考察宾语从句。分析句意及句子结构，宾语从句中的going是不及物动词，不能跟宾语,不用连接代词what，而要用副词；意思是告诉你“情况如何(how)”。

5. which→what考察名词性从句。 从句的结构和意义完整，作抽象名词chance的同位语，，故用that引导。