考点15 语法填空 制胜2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练学案

制胜2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练
考点15 语法填空

语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形，同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。
1. 语篇型填空的命题方式：有提示词和无提示词。
2. 命题意图和方向：给出提示词多考察实词（动词、名词、形容词、副词）的词性转换和基本用法，如动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致；名词单复数；形容词副词比较等级等。无提示词多考察虚词 ，主要是介词、冠词、连词等。预计未来 高考这些仍然是考查热点。语篇型填空对学生的理解能力提出了越来越高的要求，每篇文章中都有一两个较长较难的句子，这对部分同学造成了一定的困扰。
3. 备考策略：熟练掌握大纲词汇单词，尤其是重点词汇的用法。多背短语、句子、语篇，牢固掌握基本的语法知识。


【2021·全国甲卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It_____61_____ (build) originally to protect the city _____62_____ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible _____63_____ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After _____64_____ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what _____65_____ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We _____66_____ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky _____67_____ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all _____68_____ way around the Xi’an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and _____69_____ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their _____70_____ (day) routines.
解析 ：本文介绍了西安城墙的历史、景观及作者游玩西安城墙的体验。
61. was built 考查时态和语态。因主语it (The Xi’an City Wall) 与build是被动关系，故用被动语态；又由后文的the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，故填was built。
62. in 考查介词。表示“在某个朝代”用介词in。
63. to walk 考查非谓语动词。因it is possible to do sth为固定搭配，意为“做某事是可能的”。
64. spending 考查非谓语动词。在介词after后用动名词，故填spending。
65. better 考查形容词比较级。由than可知这里用比较级形式。
66. hired 考查动词的时态。结合上下文的时态可知，此处用一般过去时。
67. but 考查连词。因“我的单车又旧又摇晃”与“能顶用，起作用”是转折关系。
68. the 考查冠词。特指沿着西安城墙的这条路，用定冠词the。
69. watchtowers 考查名词单复数。因被different修饰，故用复数形式。且前文的gates也有提示。
70. daily 考查词性转换。在名词routines前作定语，用形容词，daily routines表示“日常生活”。

【2021·全国乙卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61 (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62 (develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 63 (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 64 the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 65 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 66 trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
l Minimize the impact of 67 (visit) the place.
l Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
l Provide 68 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
l Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 69 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 70 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
解析： 本文是一篇说明文，本文向读者简要介绍了以生态环境为主要景观的旅游起源和特点。
61. educated。考查非谓语动词。educate与逻辑主语traveler之间是被动关系，故应用educated作表语，意为“受到教育的”。
62. development。考查词性转换。空格中所填单词在句中作benefits的宾语，需用develop的名词形式。
63. its。考查代词。空格中所填单词在句中作定语，修饰名词origin，需用it的形容词性物主代词形式。
64. until。考查介词。句中考查了not...until...（直到……才……）句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代末，它才被广泛接受为一种旅游理念。
65. the。考查冠词。growing popularity受of environmentally-related and adventure travel修饰，故填表示特指的定冠词the。
66. of。考查介词。various types of是固定搭配，意思是“各种类型的”。
67. visiting。考查非谓语动词。动名词短语visiting the place在句中作介词of的宾语。
68. financial。考查词性转换。空格中所填单词在句中作定语，修饰名词aid，故需用finance的形容词形式。
69. Activities。考查名词复数。空格中所填单词在句中作主语，由句中from whale watching to hiking可知，这里指各种各样的活动，需用activity的复数形式。
70. to have。考查非谓语动词。aim后常接不定式作宾语，aim to do sth旨在做某事。










语法填空解题思维导图（需牢记）

语法填空解题步骤
1．通读全文，把握大意。
了解全文大意后，从语篇着手，并联系上下文，可根据自己掌握的语法知识、词汇知识、生活常识、固定词组及配和句型搭配，及对某一国家的风俗习惯、文化背景的了解，行文的逻辑关系、语篇标志等进行填充。
2．结合语境，前后试填。
语法填空在设题方面分为有提示词填空和无提示词填空：无提示词填空类其考查的语言项目主要有：行文逻辑、连词、介词、关系代词等；有提示性填空类其考查的语言项目主要有：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、冠词等。做到：边读边填，先易后难。
3．重新浏览，验证复查。
根据语篇进行填空后，必须逐一进行复核检查，消除隐患，排除难点，以达到完全无障碍阅读之目的，顺利流畅地表达出文章的主题大意。语法填空的检测目的也就顺利达到了。
语法填空的题目虽然难度相对较大，考查范围相对较广，考生失分现象较为严重，但是只要考生能够清楚地了解这类题目语法的命题特点和命题规律，掌握答题的技巧，在备考的过程中有针对性地多加练习，熟练语法的运用，及时对经验进行总结，加强在语篇情境下应用能力，在考试中就能提高对语法填空的的准确率，取得较为理想的成绩。


1、【2021·全国新高考1卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles'song "The Long and Winding Road".   56    is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we  __57    (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will   58      (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the    59     (hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it? But that's how nature is -always leaving us   60   (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps You can't help wondering how hard it  61    (be)for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure  62  offers a place where you can sit down to rest your   63  (ache)legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It surely does in  64  (I). While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is  65  must to visit!

2、【2020·全国卷I】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62． (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63． it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64． (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so 65． the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66． (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68． (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69． ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70． (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
3、【2020·全国卷II】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Deorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 61． (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62． (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63． (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more 64． decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65． (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 66． (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67． health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 68． (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69． (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 70． first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
4、【2020·全国卷III】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In ancient China lived an artist61． paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62． (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would63．(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 64． (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 65． he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66． (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67． (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, 68． (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds69． (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70． earth, Mother Nature.
5、【2020·全国新高考卷】
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36． (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37． until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38． (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39． opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public 40． (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 41． (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42． (they) living at a different time in history or 43．(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 44． (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 45．people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
6、【2019·全国卷I】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland． While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada． It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied； however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide．
Modem methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area． In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing． Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are． Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data．
7、【2019·全国卷II】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 61 （be）Britain’s oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week．Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 62 she opened with her late husband Les．Her years of hard work have 63 （final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year．
Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene 64 （declare） she had no plans 65 （retire） from her 36-year-old business． Irene said, "I don't see any reason to give up work．I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 （make） over the years．I work not because I have to, 67 because I want to．"
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business — said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award． She said, "We don't have any idea who put grandma forward．When we got a call 68 （say）she was short-listed, we thought it was 69 joke． But then we got an official letter and we were blown away．We are so proud of her．It's 70 (wonder）．”
8、【2019·全国卷III】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house，it was raining 61 hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take 62 （get）there． It was in the middle of Pearl City．
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dogs，seven to be exact． They were well trained by their masters 64 had great experience with caring for these animals． Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 65 （recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit． For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya（木瓜）and other fruits from their trees in the backyard．
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66 （compete）to watch，together with the story behind it． They also shared with us many 67 （tradition）stories about Hawaii that were 68 （huge）popular with tourists． On the last day of our week-long stay，we 69 （invite）to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， 70 （listen）to musicians and meeting interesting locals．


1、【2021·全国新高考1卷】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，去游览黄山时，作者想起甲壳虫乐队的流行歌曲《蜿蜒长路》，这条漫长而曲折的道路永远留在游客的记忆中。
56. What。考查名词性从句。一个句子在句首为主语从句，从句缺少主语，根据the out-of-this-world scenes可知，空格需填表示事物的连接代词What。
57. humans。考查名词。作从句主语we的同位语需用名词复数。
58. undoubtedly。考查副词。修饰动词空格需填副词形式作状语。
59. hotter。考查形容词比较级。此处考查“the 比较级 …., the 比较级 …..”结构，意为：越……就越……。因为前面有the colder，所以空格此处需填the hotter。
60. astonished。考查非谓语动词。宾语us是人，故其宾补需填过去分词astonished。
61. was。考查主谓一致。从句it是形式主语，代替真主语for the people then to put all those rocks into place，再根据时间状语then可知，空格需填was。
62. and。考查并列连词。空格前后有两个谓语动词，故需填并列连词and。
63. aching。考查非谓语动词。形容词性物主代词your之后，名词legs之前，空格需填不是主动进行的现在分词aching作定语。
64. mine。考查名词性物主代词。根据前面in the visitor’s memory可知空格需填mine，mine = my memory。
65. a。考查冠词。此处must充当名词语法，空格需用不定冠词a。a must此处表示“一个必去的地方”。

2、【2020·全国卷I】
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
61．.考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。
62．考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
63．考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
64．考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
65．考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
67．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
68．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。
69．考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。
70．考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。

3、【2020·全国卷II】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。
61．考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
62．考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
63．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
64．考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。
65．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
66．考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
67．考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填with。
68．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。填to care。
69．考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
70．考查冠词。句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。

4、【2020·全国卷III】
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生，有一天他将画送给宰相时，这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
61．考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
62．考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
63．考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
64．.考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
65．考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
66．考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
67．考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
68．考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
69．考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
70．考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。

5、【2020·全国新高考卷】
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。
36．考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。
37．考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词or:或者。故填or。
38．考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
39．考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
40．考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
41．考查主谓一致。句意:通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语a small part of a museum’s collection是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
42．考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
44．考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
45．考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意为: “为了……竞争”。故填for。


6、【2019·全国卷I】
【文章大意】本文是说明文，主题语境是人与自然，介绍了由于生存环境恶化，北极熊数量减少的状况。
61．that 考查名词性从句。本句含有一个同位语从句，解释了名词evidence“证据”的具体内容，空处在从句中不充当成分，也无意义，故本空填连接代词that。
62．poorly 考查副词。应用副词poorly“不好地”修饰动词studied。
63．of/for 考查介词。名词method后接介词of/for，表示“……的方法”。
64．to perform 考查非谓语动词。本句含有“Sth．+be+ adj．+不定式”结构，主语通常是不定式动作的承受者，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。句意：自20世纪80年代中期以来，人们就在使用现代的方法来跟踪北极熊的种群数量，这些方法在很大范围内连续执行起来非常昂贵。
65．have reported 考查时态和主谓一致。句中的时间状语In recent years多与现在完成时连用，主语some Inuit people为复数意义，因此本空填have reported。
66．belief 考查名词。根据空前的a可知，短语leading to后接的是名词作宾语，故本空填belief“信念”。
67．noting 考查非谓语动词。在介词by后，应用动名词作宾语，故本空填noting。
68．higher 考查比较级。根据空后的连词than可知，本句表示比较意义，因此本空应填higher。
69．the 考查冠词。Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations“在这19个已知的北极熊亚种群当中”，本空应填定冠词the，表示特指。
70．are 考查时态和主谓一致。本句其他谓语用了一般现在时，本句的主语SiX表示复数意义，故本空应填谓语动词are。
7、【2019·全国卷II】
【文章大意】本文讲述了一位90岁的英国女士因每周仍然坚持工作而获得“年度女性奖”的事迹。
61．being 查非谓语动词。介词for后应该用．–ing形式，故填being。
62．which 考查关系代词。先行词是the pet shop，非限制性定语从句中缺宾语，故填which。
63．finally 考查词性转换。修饰动词应该用副词，故填finally。
64．declared 考查动词的时态。陈述过去发生的事需用一般过去时，故填declared。
65．to retire 考查非谓语动词。不定式作名词plans的后置定语，故填to retire。
66．have made 考查动词的时态。根据定语从句中的时间状语over the years可知从句时态应为现在完成时，故填have made。
67．but 考查并列连词。这是not…but…搭配，表达“不是……而是……”的意思。
68．saying 考查非谓语动词。此处该用现在分词作后置定语，故填saying。
69．a 考查冠词。此处表示“我们以为那是一个玩笑”，为泛指，且joke的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
70．wonderful 考查词性转换。此处该用形容词作表语，故填wonderful。
8、【2019·全国卷III】
【文章大意】本文讲述了作者在美国夏威夷寄宿家庭的经历。
61．so 考查固定结构。此处表示“雨下得如此大以至于我们不禁琢磨着要多久才能到那里”。so…that…“如此……以至于……”。
62．to get 考查动词不定式。此处考查“it takes sb． some time to do sth，”这一句型结构，表示“花某人多长时间做某事”。
63．of 考查介词。a pack of是固定用法，意为“一群……”。
64．who 考查定语从句。先行词是their masters且关系代词在从句中作主语，故用who。
65．recommended 考查时态。根据句中的“shared”可知，此处应用一般过去时。
66．competition 考查词形转换。根据空前的不定冠词an可知，此处应填名词单数形式，表示一个有趣的比赛。
67．traditional 考查词形转换。修饰名词stories应用形容词。
68．hugely 考查副词。修饰形容词popular应用副词hugely。
69．were invited 考查时态和语态。文章讲述发生在过去的事情，此处应为一般过去时。we和invite之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。
70．listening 考查现在分词。listen与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。