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    词汇晨读11- 江苏高考英语3500词汇读练测

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    词汇晨读11- 江苏高考英语3500词汇读练测

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     江苏高考英语3500词汇读练测(词汇晨读)11
    说明:①本系列资料的例句尽可能多地选自高考真题或各地模拟试题;
    ②凡是形容词+ly构成的副词在本系列资料【拓展】栏目里不予列出。
    (gain—gymnastics)
    gain v.①获得,得到,赢得,取得:
    Involving themselves in the community services, students can gain experience for growth.
    参与社区服务,学生可以获得成长的经验。
    The country gained its independence ten years ago.这个国家十年前赢得了独立。
    ②挣得:He’s earning $800 a week at present.他现在每周赚800美元。
    ③获益,增加:He gained weight after his illness.病后他的体重增加了。
    ④(钟、表)走快:This clock gains five minutes a day.这钟每天快5分钟。
    n.收获:No pains, no gains.不劳无获。
    【拓展】gain admission to获准进入,被录取:
    How does one gain admission to the Buckingham Palace? 
    怎样才能够获得白金汉宫的进入许可?
    Most Year 3 students in high schools are working hard day and night for the 2020 college
    entrance examinations, hoping to gain admission to their dream universities.大多数高三学
    子都在夜以继日地努力学习以备考2020年高考,希望被他们的理想大学录取。
    gallery n.画廊,美术品陈列室:
    I had wanted to visit the gallery before I left Florence, but it’ s closed on Sundays.
    我本想在我离开佛罗伦萨前参观画廊,但是星期天关门。
    gallon n.加仑:How far will five gallons of petrol carry us? 5加仑汽油可以跑多少路?
    game n.①游戏,运动:Let’s play a game of cards.我们打牌吧。
    A video clip where a mother fiercely blamed computer game developers for wasting her son’s time has struck a chord with many parents.—段视频引起了许多家长的共鸣。视频中,一位母亲强烈指责电脑游戏开发商浪费了她儿子的时间。
    Nowadays, many young people lacking selflessness often talk a good game but have a hard time putting their words into action.现在,许多缺乏无私的年轻人经常嘴上说得好听,但很难把他们的语言付诸行动。
    ②比赛,比赛得分(成绩):
    We would celebrate the victory together should we win the game tomorrow.
    如果我们明天能赢得比赛,我们就一起庆祝胜利。
    The game is 7 to 6.比赛成绩是7比6。
    ③(用复数)运动会,体育活动:
    The Olympic Games stand for friendship as well as outstanding performance.
    奥运会代表着友谊和卓越的表现。
    【拓展】play the game按章办事,守规矩,循规蹈矩:
    The negotiation broke down because one side refused to play the game.
    因一方拒绝按章办事,谈判破裂了。
    gap n.空隙,间隔,缺口,缝隙,差距:
    He pulled the thick curtains together, leaving just a narrow gap.他拉上厚厚的窗帘,仅留下一条狭窄的缝隙。
    I had just finished school in Britain, and decided to take a gap year before university, volunteering on an aid 
    project. 那时我刚刚在英国中学毕业,决定在上大学前体验一次间隔年,为一个援助项目进行志愿者服务。注:“间隔年”是指:(中学和大学之间暂停学业的)生活实践年(用于实习或旅行)。
    It’s natural for there to be a generation gap between parents and their children.
    这很自然,因为在父母和他们的孩子之间存在代沟。
    Although people are generally better off, the gap between the rich and the poor has widened.
    尽管人们的生活越来越好,但是贫富差距还是在扩大。
    garage n.汽车库:The garage is at the back of the house.车库在房屋后面。
    garbage n.垃圾:No garbage here!此处禁止倒垃圾!
    garden n.花园,果园,菜园:
    Longgang is a beautiful back garden of Shenzhen.龙岗是深圳美丽的后花园。
    Let’s have lunch in the garden.咱们在花园吃饭吧。
    【拓展】gardening n.园艺(学),从事园艺:Do you know anything about gardening?你懂园艺吗?
    garlic n.蒜:He doesn’t eat raw garlic.他吃不来生蒜。
    garment n.衣服,外衣:This garment must be dry-cleaned.这件衣服只可以干洗。
    This garment should be washed carefully.这件衣服应该小心地洗涤。
    gas n.①煤气:Do you use electricity or gas for cooking?你做饭用电还是用煤气?
    ②气体,气态:Hydrogen and oxygen are gases.氢和氧都是气体。
    gate n.①大门:Just make sure you shut the gate after you.进来后务必关上大门。
    ②登机入口:Passengers with hand luggage can go straight to the departure gate to check in there.
    携带手提行李的乘客可直接到登机口办理登机手续。
    gather v.①聚集,积累:
    Look, heavy clouds are gathering. A terrible storm is under way .
    看,乌云在聚集。一场可怕的暴风雨就要来了。
    ②收集,搜集:He is gathering information.他在搜集资料。
    ③采集,收拾,收获:Gather your toys up.把你的玩具收拾起来。
    ④渐增,增长:As we came onto the open road we gathered speed.来到宽敞的马路时,我们渐渐加速。
    【拓展】gathering n.聚集,聚会,集会:
    The question whether we’ll invite Mary to the gathering really beats me, and I want your
    suggestion.我们是否邀请玛丽来参加这次聚会这个问题真把我难住了,我想听听你的建议。
    gay adj.①(男)同性恋的:I don’t know he was gay.我不知道他是同性恋者。
    ②愉快的:After school, the students came home, happy and gay.放学后,学生们快快乐乐地回家了。
    gender n.性别:
    Gender imbalance has become a serious problem in China, one the government is giving serious
    thought to.中国性别比例失调已经成为一个非常严重的问题,对于这个问题政府正给予特别关注。
    gene n.基因:In addition to gene, intelligence also depends on a good education and a sound home environment.
    除基因外,智力也决定于良好的教育和健全的家庭环境。
    general adj.①一般的,普遍的:
    There is one exception to this general principle.这个一般性原则有一例外。
    As you know, whether the person will be elected as president is a matter of general interest.
    众所周知,此人是否当选总统是普遍关注的事。
    ②大体的,笼统的:My general impression was that it was quite good.大致上我觉得那相当好。
    ③总的,综合的:
    In this article, you need to back up general statements with specific examples.
    在文章中,你需要用具体的例子来支持总的观点。
    I have been an assistant to the general manager.我做过总经理助理。
    It is a general hospital for the district.它是那个地区的综合医院。
    n.将军:Here’s the report, General.将军,这是报告。
    【拓展】①in general通常,大体上,一般而言,总的来说:
    I don’t eat much meat in general.我一般很少吃肉。
    ②generally speaking一般而言,概括地说,大抵,总而言之:
    Generally speaking, admitting one’s mistakes in front of other people requires great courage.
    一般而言,在别人面前承认自己的错误需要很大的勇气。
    generation n.代,一代:
    Publishers don’t see e-books as a threat to written books. Instead, they see them as an opportunity to draw in a new generation of readers.出版商并不认为电子书会对书面书籍构成威胁。相反,他们认为这是一个吸引新一代读者的机会。
    generous adj.①慷慨的,大方的:
    Thanks to your generous help, I do believe I have a better understanding of your country and culture.由于你慷慨的帮助,我相信我对你的国家和文化有了更好的理解。
    ②丰盛的,大量的:
    Tom’s mother treated me with a generous meal.汤姆的妈妈招待了我丰盛的一餐。
    gentle adj.温柔的,轻轻的:
    Be gentle when you brush the baby’s hair.给婴儿梳头时要轻轻的。
    Mike is always gentle and polite. He is a man of culture.
    迈克总是彬彬有礼,他是一个有文化修养的人。
    gentleman n.①绅士,先生:There is a gentleman here to see you.有位先生要见您。
    ②有身份(教养)的人:Thank you—you’re a real gentleman.谢谢您——您是个真正的君子。
    geography n.地理(学):
    Geography is the study of the countries of the world and of such things as the land, seas, climate, towns, and population.地理学是对世界上的国家的土地、海洋、气候、城镇及人口等的研究。
    【拓展】geographical adj.地理(学)的:
    In this market we have a geographical advantage compared with our competitors from Japan 
    and the U.S.在这个市场上我们比起来自日本和美国的竞争者具有地理上的优越性。
    In geographical terms, the sea bed can be divided into two or three quite distinct regions. 
    按地理学的观点,海床可划分成二个或三个大不相同的区域。
    geometry n.几何学:The geometry test is easy.几何测试很容易。
    gesture n.①姿势,手势:
    In spite of her spoken French, she can make herself understood by gesture.
    虽然她的法语口语不好,但她可以用手势使人听懂。
    ②举止,行动,动作:
    Sarah made a menacing gesture with her fist.萨拉用拳头做了一个威胁性的动作。
    【拓展】①in a gesture to为了(=in order to):
    In a gesture to help preserve history, the Greek government appointed a committee in 1975
    to undertake a complete repair of the Acropolis.为了帮助保护历史,希腊政府在1975年
    指派一个委员会承担卫城的全面修复。
    ②as a gesture of以示:
    She kissed me as a gesture of her friendship.她亲了我一下,以示友好。
    v.做手势(示意):Seeing me waiting outside, he gestured for me to enter.
    看到我在外面等着,他做了个手势示意我进去。
    get(got, got; got/gotten Am) v.
    ①收到,获得,得到:He got a better job.他获得一份更好的工作。
    ②弄来,找来:I’ll get something to eat before I get out.我出去之前要找点东西吃。
    ③具有,拥有:I’ve got very little money.我没有多少钱。
    ④使,使得:I can’t get the car started.我无法发动车子。
    ⑤变得,变成:Mum got angry.妈妈生气了。
    ⑥到达,抵达:She got there at six.她六点钟到达那里。
    ⑦放进;取出:Get that cat out of the house! 把那猫从屋里赶出去!
    ⑧患(病):He’s got a bad cold.他得了重感冒。
    ⑨听懂,明白:Do you get me what I mean?你明白我的话吗?
    ⑩被,受:He got punished.他受了惩罚。
    【拓展】①get about/around (能)到处走动,(消息等)传播,流传:
    He didn’t get about much after the operation.手术后他不常外出走动。
    ②get across(使)被理解,(使)被接受:
    I created a way to get my message across while using as few words as possible.  我想出了一种能言简意赅地表达自己意思的方法。
    He couldn’t get across his idea in the speech, so we didn’t know what he had meant to say.
    他在演讲中无法表达自己的意思,所以我们不知道他想说什么。
    ③get along相处,过日子,进展(跟with才可带宾语):
    How are you getting along(with her)?你(与她)相处得怎样?
    Mr. Wang is a person who is easy to get along with.王老师是一个很好相处的人。
    ④get away离开,逃离,逃避,get away with侥幸成功,逃脱处罚:
    I won’t be able to get away (from the office)before 7.我七点以前离不开(办公室)。
    If you cheat in the exam you’ll never get away with it.考试作弊必予追究.
    He was lucky to get away with a fine 他算是幸运,只被罚款了事。
    ⑤get back返回,取回,拿回:
    He got back the watch he lost.他丢的表找回来了。
    ⑥get down下来,取下,放下,弄下,写下,打下,吞下:
    He spoke too fast and I couldn’t get down all he said.
    他说得太快,我无法记下他所说的所有东西。
    ⑦get down to(doing)开始(做):
    It’s time we got down to business.
    是开始做我们的正事的时候了。
    Let’s get down to business.咱们言归正传(谈正事)。
    ⑧get in 进站,到达,回来,请来,插话,收获:
    The train got in late.火车晚点了。
    ⑨get into the habit of养成了……的习惯
    Once you get into the habit of smoking, you’ll find it hard to give it up. 
    一旦养成了抽烟的习惯,你会发现很难戒掉它。
    ⑩get off 起飞,动身,出发,下班,下车:
    The plane got off on time.飞机准时起飞。
     Here we are; let’s get off at once.到站了,快下车。
    ⑪get on上车,进行,相处,进展:
    The bus came and we got on.公共汽车来了,我们就上了车。
    ⑫get one’s way随心所欲:
    He cries like a small child when he does not get his way. 
    当他无法随心所欲时,会像个婴儿一样哭泣。
    ⑬get out出来,出去,离开,拿出,出版:
    The door was locked and we couldn’t get out.门被锁上了,我们无法出去。
    ⑭get out of逃避,躲掉:He tried to get out of helping me.他企图逃避给我帮助。
    ⑮get over克服:We must get over our shortcomings and mistakes in our work.
    我们必须克服工作上的缺点和错误。
    ⑯get rid of除掉,去掉:
    It is difficult to get rid of deep-rooted habits.积习难除。
    She can’t get rid of the cold.她感冒老是不好。
    ⑰get through做完,用完,吃完,看完,浏览,通过,熬过,接通(电话):
    I think you can get through the first five chapters before the deadline.
    我认为你在截止日期前能做完前五章。
    Did you get through your driving test?你的驾驶测验通过了吗?
    —Have you got through ?
    —No, I got the wrong number.
    “你打通了吗?”“没,号码是错的。”
    ⑱get together聚会,联欢:
    When can we get together?我们什么时候可以聚一聚?
    get-together n.聚会:
    Will you help me prepare for the get-together of the old classmates?
    你能否帮我为这次老同学聚会做好准备工作?
    ⑲get up起床,起身:I get up at six every morning.我每天早上六点钟起床。
    gift n.①赠品,礼物:New Year’s gifts 新年礼物
    I had planned to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
    我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的,可是我没有做到。
    ②天赋,天才:
    He has many outstanding gifts.他多才多艺。
    Lucy had an unusual gift for learning languages when she was a baby.
    当露西是个婴儿时,她就有学习语言的非同寻常的天赋。
    gifted adj.有天赋的,有才华的:
    As well as being an outstanding physician and scientist, he was an accomplished writer and a gifted artist.
    除了是一个杰出的物理学家和科学家,他还是一个成功的作家和一个有天赋的艺术家。
    Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
    布瑞恩在创作音乐上极有才华,他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。
    girl n.年轻女子,女孩,姑娘:
    He married the girl next door.他与隔壁的一个年轻女子结了婚。
    Girl as she was she was very brave.尽管她是个女孩,她非常勇敢。
    Good morning, girls!姑娘们,早上好!
    give(gave, given) v.
    ①给,交给:Can you give me some paper?你能给我些纸吗?
    ②赠送,送给:She gave me a watch for my birthday.我过生日时她给我一块手表。
    ③付给:She gave him a pound for his help.她付给他一英镑作为帮忙的酬金。
    ④引起,招惹:The news gave us a shock.这消息使我们感到震惊。
    ⑤生产,供给:Cows give milk.奶牛产牛奶。
    ⑥传染,引起:Cows can give sickness to human beings.牛能把疾病传染给人类。
    ⑦给予,献给:
    Please give me all the help you can.请你给予多多帮助。
    Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
    艾米和她的兄弟们当上周回到村里时,受到了热烈的欢迎。
    ⑧显示,出示:That clock gives the right time.那钟显示准确的时间。
    【拓展】①give away分发,赠送,出卖,泄漏:
    He gave away all his money to the poor.他把所有的钱都给了穷人。
    ②give in提交,让步,屈服,投降:
    Give in your examination papers now.现在请把考卷交上来。
    My family insisted that I should not give in, but stay and fight.
    家里人坚持认为我不应让步,而应该留下来继续抗争。
    ③give off发出(光、热、声音、气味等):
    The gas gave off an unpleasant smell.这种气体有一种难闻的气味。
    ④give out分发,散发,用完,垮掉,失灵:
    Give the apples out to the children.把苹果分给孩子们。
    Our money soon gave out.我们的钱很快就用完了。
    ⑤give over停止,别再做,住手,交出,交付:
    Tell him to give over.告诉他到此为止吧。
    She gave over teasing and grinned at him.她不再取笑他,只是朝他咧着嘴笑。
    She asked me to give over my room for some comrades to make contacts.
    她曾让我把我的房间让给一些同志作接头之用。
    ⑥give up放弃,戒掉/戒除(习惯等),交出,投降:
    She had to give up the plan in the end.她最终不得不放弃这个计划。
    They gave up without a fight.他们不战而降。
    ⑦give rise to引起,导致:
    There are a lot of factors that give rise to this problem.有很多因素导致了这个问题。
    glad adj.高兴的,乐意的:I’m so glad you could come.你能来我很高兴。
    glance v.匆匆一看,一瞥:
    I was so busy this morning that I only had time to glance at the newspapers, so I can’t understand what you are talking about.今天我很忙,只快速地瞥了一眼报纸,所以我不明白你们谈论的内容。
    Glance through the newspaper each morning and read the articles that catch your attention more in depth; 
    每天早晨浏览一下报纸,读读那些有深度,更能夺你眼球的文章;
    He asked if he might glance through my album.他问可不可以翻翻我的像册。
    Will you be able to glance over my report before I send it to the committee?
    在我把这份报告送到委员会之前,你能粗略地看一下吗?
    n.一看,一瞥:
    One glance was enough.看一眼就够了。
    I’d never wondered before whether or not he was kid-friendly. With one glance, I quickly decided that he probably wasn’t.我从没有问过他是不是招孩子喜欢,但是乍一看,我觉得他并不是招孩子喜欢的那种类型。
    glare v.①瞪眼,怒目而视:
    Filled with anger, he didn’t shout or swear, but just glared silently at me.
    心里充满了愤怒,他没有喊叫,只是对我怒目而视。
    ②闪耀:The sun glared out of the blue sky.蓝天中的太阳发出耀眼的光芒。
    n.怒视,瞪眼,刺眼的光:
    He gave me an icy glare.他冷冰冰地怒视着我。
    These sunglasses are designed to reduce glare.这些太阳镜是为减少刺眼的强光而设计的。
    glass n.①玻璃杯,一杯(之量):Could I have a glass of water, please?请给我倒杯水,可以吗?
    ②玻璃:I cut my hand on some broken glass.破碎的玻璃割伤了我的手。
    ③(用复数)眼镜:I have to wear glasses for reading.看书时我得戴眼镜。
    global adj.①全球的,全球性的,有关全球大局的:
    While the global economy is showing signs of recovery, many developing countries are still suffering.
    虽然全球的经济有复苏的迹象,许多发展中国家仍然处于困境。
    ②整体的,全面的,总体的:
    The chart showed us the global output of a factory.这张图表展示了一个工厂的总产量。
    【拓展】globalization n.全球化:
    Success in achieving sustained growth depends critically on expanding access to the
    opportunity of globalization.成功地实现持续增长,关键在于扩大获得全球化的机会。
    globe n.①(连用the)地球:He has traveled all over the globe.他周游了世界。
    ②地球仪:Three large globes stand on the floor.三个巨大的地球仪立在地板上。
    ③球状物:The overhead light was covered now with a white globe. 
    现在,顶灯已装上了一个白色球状罩子。
    glory n.光荣,荣誉,赞美,辉煌:
    Win glory for our motherland!为祖国争光!
    All things having passed, nothing remains of its former glory.一切皆已过去,辉煌不再。
    【拓展】glorious adj.辉煌的,荣誉的:
    Her future could be more glorious even than her past.她的未来甚至可能会比过去还要辉煌。
    It is a glorious thing to die for the people.为人民而死,虽死犹荣!
    glove n.手套:She wears a pair of gloves.他戴着一副手套。
    glue n.胶水:This glue sticks fast.这种胶水粘性强。
    v.粘合,粘牢:Glue the two pieces of wood together.把两块木头粘在一起。
    go(went, gone) v.
    ①去,走:It’s late; I must be going.不早了,我该走了。
    ②(后接现在分词)去(活动),做(动作):go swimming 去游泳 / go shopping 去购物
    ③运转,转动:The car won’t go.这辆汽车不动。
    ④通到,到达:All roads go to Rome.条条大路通罗马。
    ⑤变成,处于…状态:Her hair’s going gray.她的头发开始变白了。
    ⑥发生,进展:Everything went according to plan.一切按照计划进行。
    ⑦(时间等)消失,过去,(距离)走过,经过:
    My headache has gone.我的头已经不痛了。
    There are eight miles to go.还有八英里。
    ⑧花费,用在:Half of our money goes on food.我们有一半的钱花在食物上。
    ⑨变坏,衰退:His sight is going.他的视力在衰退。
    【拓展1】①用作连系动词,表示变化,通常指不好的变化:
    Something has gone wrong with the radio.这台收音机什么地方出毛病了。
    ②be going to既可表示主观上的意图(=打算),也可表示根据迹象进行预测(=即将):
    How long is he going to stay here?他打算在这里呆多久?
    Look at these black clouds; there’s going to be a storm.看这些乌云,要下暴雨了。
    【拓展2】go on to do sth.与go on doing sth.:前者指做完某事后接着做另一事,后者指不中断地一直做某事或中断后继续做前面的事:
    Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one.
    你做完这个练习后,请接着做其他的练习。
    Mother told Jim to stop, but he went on running.
    妈妈叫吉姆停下来,但他继续跑。
    She nodded, smiled, and went on stitching.她点了点头,笑了笑,又继续缝衣服。
    【拓展3】①go down下落,下降,降低,减低,减弱:
    Eggs are going down in price./The price of eggs is going down.鸡蛋价格下跌了。
    ②go in for参加(考试等),从事,爱好:
    I’d like to go in for a more advanced examination if I can.
    如果可能的话,我想参加更高级的考试。
    I don’t go in for sports.我不爱好体育活动。
    ③go into从事,参加,调查,研究:
    We need to go into the question of costs.我们有必要研究一下费用问题。
    ④go off爆炸,响起,离开,消失:
    A bomb went off in the theater, causing hundreds of deaths.
    一枚炸弹在剧院爆炸,造成了数百人死亡。
    The alarm went off when the thieves went into the office.
    当小偷进入办公室的时候,警报想起了。
    ⑤go out出去,熄灭,过时:
    If you go out, who will attend to the baby?你要是出去,谁来照顾婴儿?
    The fire has gone out.火熄了。
    You’d better not wear such ties, because they went out three years ago.
    你最好别打这种领带,因为他们三年前就过时了。 
    ⑥go over复习,温习,检查,核对:
    Let’s go over the new words again.我们把生词再复习一遍。
    Go over your work carefully before you hand it in.交作业前要仔细检查一下。
    ⑦go through通过,检查,审查,审阅,经历,做完:
    I’ve gone through all my pockets but can’t find my keys.
    我把所有的口袋都找遍了,但就是找不到我的钥匙。
    Let’s go through the exercises.咱们把这些练习做完。
    All the listeners were surprised at what the traveler had gone through in the last ten months.
    所有的听众都对这位旅行者在过去十个月里所经历的一切感到惊讶。
    ⑧go up上升,上涨,走上前去:
    The oil price has gone up a lot these days because of the war.
    因为战争,这些日子油价油价上涨了很多。
    An old lady came into our store just as it was open, so I went up to attend to her immediately.
    就在我们商店刚开门的时候,一位老太太走了进来,所以我马上走上前去招呼她。
    ⑨go wrong出岔子,出(差)错
    —Got it! This is the first step where the engineer went wrong.
    —Oh, one fault may lose everything.
    “知道了!这位工程师一开始就出错了。”“哦,一着不慎,满盘皆输。”
    goal n.①(足球)球门:He kicked the ball into the goal.他把球踢进球门。
    ②目标,目的:Always believe that your goal is attainable as long as you commit yourself to it.
    只要你坚持不懈,最终的目标总能实现。
    goat n.山羊:On the ground lay a sick goat, whose life was in danger.
    地上躺着一只生病的山羊,它的生命面临危险。
    Men and goats have beards.人和山羊(的下巴上)都长胡子。
    god n.①神,偶像,崇拜物,非常重要的人/物:
    In this tale, Cupid, the god of love, is the son of Venus.故事中,爱神邱比特是维纳斯之子。
    Money is his god.钱就是他的命(钱对他来说比什么都重要)。
    ②(用单数,首字母大写,不与定冠词the连用)上帝,天主:
    They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special.
    他们相信上帝创造了世界,正因为如此,地球才具有特殊的意义。
    gold n.黄金:Is your ring made of gold?你的戒指是金的吗?
    Gold is found in rock and streams.在岩石和溪流中可找到黄金。
    adj.金质的:I have bought a gold ring.我买了一枚金戒指。
    golden adj.①金(黄)色的:
    The rising sun casts a golden glow over the fields. 冉冉升起的太阳在田野中洒下金色的阳光。
    —David should lie to his best friend in order to get the well-paid job!
    —It is typical of him because he worships the golden calf.
    “为了得到那份高薪的工作,大卫竟然对他最好的朋友撒谎。”
    “这是他的特点,因为他崇拜金钱。”
    ②黄金般的,可贵的:
    The 18th century was the golden age of the novel.18世纪是小说的黄金时期。
    【拓展】gold与golden:
    ①表示“金质的”和“金色的”,两者均可用(见相关词条),但总的说来,表示“金质的”多用gold,表示“金色的”,多用golden。注:golden尤其用于golden hair(金黄色的头发),a golden crown(金皇冠),golden apple(金苹果出自希腊神话),golden egg(金蛋出自伊索寓言)等典型搭配。但是:goldfish n.金鱼:My goldfish has died.我的金鱼死了。
    ②用于比喻义,表示“黄金般的”、“可贵的”等,通常只用golden:
    You grew up in the golden age of American children’s books. 
    你成长于美国儿童文学的黄金时期。
    golf n.高尔夫球(运动):My mother plays golf on Sundays.我母亲星期日经常打高尔夫球。
    good(better, best)
    adj.①好的:These books are all in good condition.这些书都完好无损。
    ②美好的,令人愉快的:Have a good time! 祝你过得愉快!
    ③有益的,有效的:Exercise is good for health.运动有益健康。
    ④友好的,好心的,善良的:She’s always been very good to me.她一向对我很好。
    ⑤大大的,充分的,十足的:These goods are in good demand.这些货物的需求量很大。
    ⑥熟练的,精通的:She’s good at languages.她通晓多种语言。
    ⑦新鲜的:Pork doesn’t keep good in summer.夏天猪肉容易变坏。
    n.①利益,好处:I am saying this for your good.我说这句话就是为你好。
    Exercise will do good to your health.锻炼会对你的健康有益。
    ②好事,善事:He is willing to do good for the collective.他乐意为集体做好事。
    【拓展】①good and用于形容词或副词之前,可以表示程度(=very):
    He was good and angry.他非常生气。
    ②It’s no good (没有用)后通常接动名词:
    It’s no good talking to him because he never listens.跟他谈无用,因为他从来不听。
    ③good-bye interj.& n.再见,再会:
    They said their good-byes and left.他们说了再见就离开了。
    ④for good永远:
    Keegan announced he was hanging up his boots for good 
    基冈宣布自己将挂靴,永远退出足坛。
    ⑤goodness n.善良,美德;(表示惊讶、恼怒)天哪,哎呀:
    Will you have the goodness to do so?请您这样做好吗?
    Thank goodness!谢天谢地!
    goods n.(复数)商品,货物:
    That shop sells electrical goods.那个商店买电器用品。
    All our goods are clearly/plainly priced.我们所有货物都标明了价目。
    goose(pl geese) n.鹅:They fattened up ducks and geese.他们喂肥了鹅鸭。
    govern v.①统治,管理:In Great Britain the queen does not govern.在英国,女王不执政。
    ②支配,决定:The law of supply and demand governs the prices of goods.供求关系决定商品的价格。
    【拓展】governor n.统治者,管辖者,总督,省长,(美国的)州长,(学校、学院、医院等机构的)董事,理事:
    The Prime Minister, accompanied by the governor, led the President up to the house. 
    首相在州长陪同下带领总统前往那座房子。
    Governors are using the increased powers given to them to act against incompetent 
    schoolmaster. 董事们运用赋予他们的更大权力罢免不称职的校长。
    government n.政府:The new government’s first challenge is the economy.新政府面临的第一个挑战是经济问题。
    grace n.优雅,优美,风采,魅力:
    He moved with the grace of a trained boxer.他的动作带着一种训练有素的拳击手的风采。
    My boss, your grace is just beyond measure.我的大哥,你的魅力简直无可估量。
    【拓展】graceful adj.优/高雅的,优美的,体面的,其反义词为disgraceful:
    As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more graceful.
    作为帮忙,托尼答应帮助克莱尔使她变得更漂亮,使她的家更高雅。
    His movements were so graceful they seemed effortless.他的动作优美自如,看起来毫不费劲。
    I complained about his disgraceful behaviour.我抱怨说他的行为丢人现眼。
    grade n. ①等级:Apples are sold in grades.苹果分等级出售。
    Pupils who pass the test will be promoted to the next grade.通过考试的学生将升入高一年级。
    ②(中小学的)学年:An elementary school in America has eight grades.美国小学采取八年制。
    ③成绩,分数:If I had prepared for my English test, I wouldn’t have got such a low grade.
    如果我为英语测试做好了准备的华,那么我就不会得这么低的分数了。
    v.评分,依等级排列,评估:
    South Point College does not grade the students’ work.南点学院不对学生的作业评分。
    gradual adj.逐渐的,渐进的:
    The residents approve of the measures taken so far in our city, meant to reduce a gradual decrease in
    house prices.居民们都同意迄今为止我们城市采取的措施,这些措施旨在逐渐降低房价。
    To learn a language we must follow the principle of gradual improvement.
    学习语言必须遵循循序渐进的原则。
    graduate v.毕业:By the time we graduate from our school, we have been close friends for more than ten years.
    到我们从学校毕业的时候,我们成为好朋友已经超过十年了。
    【拓展】graduation n.毕业:
    Before graduation, students exchange presents with each other.毕业前,学生们互相交换礼物。
    grain n.谷物,谷类,谷粒:Bring in every single grain.颗粒还仓。
    gram n.克(重量单位):A football weighs about 400 grams.足球重约400克。
    grammar n.①语法:Take more care of your grammar in your writing.你在写作时要多留神点语法。
    ②语法书:This is the best English grammar I’ve seen.这是我见过的最好的英语语法书。
    【拓展】grammatical adj.语法上的,符合语法规则的:
    There are a few grammatical errors in her essay, but all in all it is a good one.
    她的论文里虽然有一些语法错误,但是总的来说还是不错的。
    grand adj.①宏伟的,壮丽的,盛大的:
    Personally speaking, turning the grand blueprint into reality is a long process.
    在我看来,将这个宏伟的蓝图变成现实是一个漫长的过程。
    ②愉快的,痛快的:We had a grand time at the party.我们在晚会上玩得很开心。
    grandchild n.孙子,孙女,外孙子,外孙女,孙辈:
    Mary loves her grandchildren.玛丽很疼爱她的孙子们。
    granddaughter n.(外)孙女:Her granddaughter is lovely.她的孙女很可爱。
    grandma=grandmother n.奶奶,外婆:Grandmother has a good memory.奶奶的记忆力很好。
    grandpa=grandfather n.爷爷,外公:
    The naughty boy had his grandpa’s glasses on.这淘气的男孩带上了他祖父的眼镜。
    grandparent n.祖父(母),外祖父(母):I visit my grandparents once a month.我每月看我爷爷奶奶一次。
    grandson n.(外)孙子:Her grandson is kind to her.她的外孙对她很好。
    granny n.老奶奶,祖母,外婆:Granny, please sit here.奶奶,请坐这儿。
    grant v.授予,承认,同意,准许:
    Server administrators can grant or deny access to these reports. 
    服务器管理员可以授予或拒绝对这些报告的访问权限。
    It was a Labor government which granted independence to India and Pakistan.
    是工党政府同意了印度和巴基斯坦的独立。
    Old Armond would never grant his son permission to marry Margaret. 
    老阿芒永远也不会准许儿子跟玛格丽特(茶花女)结婚。
    n.拨款,补助金,授给物:
    Unfortunately, my application for a grant was rejected.很遗憾,我的助学金申请被拒绝了。
    She won a grant to develop her own business.她赢得了一笔拨款,用以扩展自己的企业。
    【拓展】take…for granted 想当然,认为……是理所当然的:
    He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as a representative.
    他似乎想当然地认为他应该以代表的身份发言。
    The matter in relation to your fate cannot be taken for granted.与你的命运有关的事不能想当然。
    grape n.葡萄:Wine is made from grapes.葡萄酒是用葡萄酿的。
    graph n.曲线图,座标图,图解:
    To create colorful charts and graphs, he loaded a new software to help him.
    为了创建彩色图表和图形,他装了一个新的软件来帮助他。
    grasp v.①抓住,紧握:He grasped at the rope but missed it.他想抓绳子,但没抓到。
    ②掌握,领会:
    Thanks to her determination and perseverance on the piano lesson, she has a comprehensive grasp of the subject.由于她在钢琴课上的决心和毅力,她对这门学科有了全面的掌握。
    grass n.草,草地,草场:Keep off the grass.勿踏草地。
    grateful adj.感激的,感谢的:
    I’m very grateful to my high school teachers, without whose help I wouldn’t be so excellent.
    我非常感谢我的高中老师,没有他们的帮助,我不会这么优秀。
    【拓展】gratitude n.感激之情,感谢:
    I would like to express my gratitude to everyone for their hard work.
    我要对所有辛勤劳动的人表示感谢。
    She was presented with the gift in gratitude for her long service.
    这礼物赠送给她,以表达对她长期服务的感激之情。
    gravity n.①引力,重力:The stone rolled down the mountain by gravity. 这块石头由于重力作用而滚下山。
    ②重要性,严重性:
    I don’t think you realize the gravity of the situation, or else you wouldn’t feel so relaxed.
    我不认为你意识到情况的严重性,否则你不会感到很放松。
    ③庄严,严肃:
    Even children must behave with gravity at a funeral.即便是孩子在葬礼上也得举止严肃。
    great adj.①伟大的:It’s a great responsibility but also a great honor to be chosen.
    被选中不但是一个巨大的责任,而且是一个伟大的荣誉。
    ②大的,重大的:
    This term she has made such great progress that the teacher often praises her.
    这学期她进步很大,老师经常表扬她。
    It was a great loss to us all.那对我们大家是一大损失。
    ③好极了:I feel great today! 我今天觉得精神好极了。
    adv.(口语)很好:Things are going great.事情进展顺利。
    【拓展】greatness n.巨大,伟大,重大:
    We were completely amazed at the wonder and the greatness of nature.
    我们完全被大自然的奇妙和伟大折服了。
    greedy adj.①贪婪的:The boss is too greedy.这个老板太贪。
    Mrs. Milton says she would like to share everything she has with others except those who are too
    greedy.米尔顿太太说,除了那些太贪的人,她愿意与别人分享她所拥有的一切,
    ②嘴馋的,贪吃的:He is not hungry, merely greedy.他并不饿,只是嘴馋。
    —The boy was so hungry that he ate up the whole cake!
    —Oh, he was more greedy than hungry.
    “男孩太饿了,以致吃完了整块蛋糕。”“哦,与其说他饿到不如说他贪吃。”
    ③渴望的:He was always greedy for knowledge, and at last became an expert in the field of art.
    他总是对知识如饥似渴,最后他成为了艺术领域的一名专家。
    【拓展】greed n.贪婪,贪心:
    Honesty is a virtue while greed is an evil.诚实是一种美德,而贪婪是一种罪恶。
    green adj.绿色的,青的(可以转义为新的/嫩的):
    Three-quarters of the land is covered with green grass .while the rest is covered with pine trees.
    四分之三的土地被绿草覆盖,其余的土地被松树覆盖。
    It is evident that James has made a simple mistake in his job, but don’ t scold him too much; he is at best a green hand.很明显,詹姆斯在工作中犯了一个小错误,但不要过于责备他,他充其量就是个新手。
    n.绿色:She was dressed in green.她穿绿色衣服。
    【拓展】①be green with envy羡慕极了,嫉妒得要死,眼红:
    I’m green with envy when I go to Bristol and see their facilities.
    我去布里斯托尔见到他们的设施,真羡慕极了。
    ②in the green年富力强的,气血方刚的:
    He is in the green and he can do the work well.他年富力强,能够把工作做好。
    greet v.①问候,打招呼,欢迎,迎接,致敬,致意:
    He greeted me with a smile.他见到我时向我微笑致意。
    Emily greeted me warmly.埃米莉热情地和我打招呼。
    If you visit our home or ring the doorbell, you will be greeted by our dog.
    如果你拜访我们的家或是按门铃,我们家的狗就会来迎接你。
    ②映入……的眼帘:I was greeted by a shocking sight.一幅令人震惊的画面映入我的眼帘。
    greeting n.①招呼,问候:
    When Mary saw me, she would smile and nod at me, or at least she would do either as a greeting.
    玛丽见到我的时候都会朝我点头笑一笑,或者至少她会点个头或者笑一笑来打招呼。
    In Thailand and other parts of South-east Asia, the normal greeting is a slight bow with palms pressed
    together.在泰国和东南亚其他地区, 正常的问候就是双手合十的轻微鞠下躬。
    ②(常用复)祝词,贺词:We sent her a card with birthday greetings.我们寄给她一张生日贺卡。
    grey(Am gray) adj.灰色的,灰白的:
    As time goes by,Mother’s hair has turned grey and the wrinkles on her face deeper.
    随着时间的推移,母亲的头发变得花白了,皱纹也加深了。
    He is only thirty, but has got a few grey hairs.
    他只有三十岁,但却有几根灰白头发了。
    grocery n.食品杂货店:I worked stocking shelves in a grocery store.我在一家杂货店工作,负责为货架上货。
    【拓展】grocer n.杂货店的售货员:
    Go down to the grocer’s and get me some sugar.去杂货店给我买点儿糖来。
    ground n.①(常用the)地面:It is really cold and the ground is wet; it must have rained last night.
    天气很冷而且地面是湿的,昨晚一定下了雨。
    ②(作某用途的)场地:The best fishing grounds are around the islands.最好的渔场在这些岛屿周围。
    group n.组,群:
    People stood about in small groups.人们三五成群地站着。
    The professor entered the lab, followed by a group of his students.
    教授走进了实验室,后面跟着他的一群学生。
    Amy joined a painting group but didn’t seem to fit in, so she left.
    艾米加入了一个绘画小组,但似乎不太适应,所以她离开了。
    grow(grew, grown)v.
    ①生长,发育,成长:Plants grow out of the earth.植物从地上长出来。
    ②种植:There is no doubt about the fact that it is not suitable to grow cash crops here.
    毫无疑问,在这里种经济作物是不合适的。
    ③变成,变得:It’s growing dark; we must go home soon.天就黑了,我们必须赶快回家。
    【拓展】①其后可接不定式(主要是动词be, like, hate, believe 等):
    The little girl is growing to be more and more like her mother.
    这个小姑娘长得越来越像她妈妈了。
    You’ll grow to like the place.你会变喜欢这个地方的。
    ②grow up长大,成熟:
    Evidence has been found through years of study that children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.通过多年的研究发现的证据表明儿童的早期睡眠问题可能在他们长大后继续存在。
    This child will grow up to be a very useful person.这孩子能成大器。
    Why don’t you just grow up and stop being so stupid! 你为什么不能成熟点,别这么愚蠢!
    A variety of heavy industries grew up alongside the port.各种重工业沿着港口逐渐发展起来。
    grown-up作定语:She has a grown-up son.她有个已成年的儿子。
    growth n.①生长,发育:
    All living things depend on the sun for their growth.万物生长靠太阳。
    Lack of sleep can lead to weakened immunity and memory, and also slow physical growth.
    睡眠不足会导致免疫力和记忆力下降,还会减缓身体发育。
    ②增长,发展:
    The growth of production in rural areas is one of the requirements of constructing new countryside.
    农村生产发展是建设新农村的要求之一。
    guarantee v.①保修:This washing-machine is guaranteed for three years.这台洗衣机保修三年。
    ②保证:I can’t guarantee the plan will work, but I’ll give it a try.
    我无法保证这个计划会有效,但我会试一下的。
    n.①担保,保证:
    He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again.他向我保证这种事情绝不会再发生。
    ②保证书:The new television had a guarantee with it.这台新电视机有保修单。
    【拓展】ensure, guarantee, insure的辨析:
    ensure侧重使人相信某个行为或力量产生的结果。
    guarantee指对事物的品质或人的行为及履行义务、义务等承担责任的保证;对事物、商品等无质量性能等方面的欺诈行为做出保证。
    insure“确保,投保,为……保险”,意思是为防不测向保险公司付钱投保。
    I will ensure that the car arrives by six o'clock. 我保证汽车六点钟以前到。
    This medicine will ensure you a good night's sleep.这药能保证你睡一夜好觉。
    The fridge is guaranteed for one year. It means that the company that makes it promises to repair or replace it if it breaks within a year.这台冰箱保修期为一年。意思就是在一年之内如果冰箱坏了这家公司承诺给修或调换。
    My house is insured against fire.我的房子保了火险。
    guard n. ①卫兵,哨兵:The camp guards are changed every night.营地的哨兵每晚轮换。
    ②防卫,警戒:The soldiers were on guard outside the airport.士兵在机场外面警戒。
    ③监视,看守:When realizing the guard of the supermarket had spotted him, the thief made for the exit
    quickly.意识到超市保安已经发现了他,小偷迅速向出口走去。
    v.①保卫,防卫,保护:
    Only when our country has aircraft carriers can we guard our distant islands more effectively.
    只有当我们国家有航空母舰时,我们才能够更有效地保卫我们远方的岛屿。
    A helmet guards your head against from injuries.头盔可以保护你的头部免受伤害。
    ②监视,看守:The soldiers guarded the prisoners.士兵看守犯人。
    guess v.①猜,猜出,猜对:
    I’m never going to guess the answer if you don’t give me a clue.
    如果你不给我一些线索的话,我将永远猜不到答案。
    —Guess what! I came across an old friend at the station last weekend.
    —How nice! I’m sure you talked with him happily.
    “你猜怎么着!上周末我在车站碰见一位老朋友。”“太好了!我相信你和他谈得很愉快。”
    ②想,认为:
    —She looks very happy. She must have passed the exam.
    —I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.
    “她看起来很高兴。她一定通过了考试。”“我想是吧。这次考试毕竟不难。”
    n.猜测:Have/Take a guess at the answer.你猜猜这答案看。
    With fewer dinners, whether we can stay in business is anyone’s guess.
    随着食客的减少,我们能否继续经营下去,谁也说不准。
    guest n.客人,宾客:We’re expecting guests to dinner.我们等客人吃饭。
    It’s nearly six o’clock. I must start preparing dinner. The guests should be here at any moment.
    快六点了。我必须开始准备晚餐。客人随时都应该到。
    【拓展】①guest=(被邀请的)客人,(旅馆的)客人(guest room客房 ,guest house 宾馆);customer=顾客(商店的客人);caller/visitor= (来访的)客人;passenger=(交通工具上的)乘客
    ②Be my guest.请便,别客气:
    —Do you mind if I use a phone?你介意我用电话吗?
    —Be my guest!请便!
    —Excuse me, Miss. May I share your table?
    打扰一下,我可以和你共用一张桌子吗?
    —Of course. Be my guest.当然可以。别客气。
    guidance n.引导,指导:
    Thank you for telling me so much. Your experience and guidance have always been appreciated.
    谢谢您告诉我那么多。您的经历和指导一直让我衷心感激。
    Under the guidance of my teacher, I won the first prize in the English Speech Contest.
    在老师的指导下,我获得了英语演讲比赛的一等奖。
    guide n.向导,导游者:
    The guide told them not to eat the mushroom, explaining that there was a risk of food poisoning.
    导游告诉他们不要吃蘑菇,并解释说有食物中毒的危险。
    v.引导,引路,指导:A blind man is sometimes guided by a dog.盲人有时靠狗来引路。
    guideline n.指导方针,指导原则,行动纲领,准则:
    The government has drawn up guidelines on the treatment of the mentally ill.
    政府制定了对待精神病人的指导方针。
    This is a simple design guideline.这是一条简单的设计指导原则。
    guilty adj.①有罪的,犯法的:So far he has not pleaded the guilty.到目前为止,他还没有认罪。
    ②做错事的,内疚的:
    I had a quarrel with my seatmate yesterday. It is my fault so I feel very guilty.
    我昨天和我的同桌吵了一架。这是我的错,所以我感到很内疚。
    【拓展】①guilt n.有罪,犯罪行为,罪恶:
    I’m convinced of his guilt.我确信他有罪。
    ②内疚,悔恨:
    She had feelings of guilt about leaving her children and going to work.
    她因离开自己的孩子去工作而感到内疚。
    guitar n.吉他,六弦琴:I play the guitar in a band.我在乐队里弹吉他。
    While piano is her main focus, she’s also great at guitar.尽管钢琴是她的主修,但是她也擅长弹吉他。
    I’d like to play the guitar.我想弹吉他。
    gun n.枪,炮:Look out, he’s got a gun!当心,他拿着枪呢!
    In Britain police do not carry guns.在英国警察不带枪。
    guy n. 伙计,家伙:Hi, guys. How are you doing?嗨,伙计们,大家还好吧?
    David, with whom I have been sharing a dorm for more than two years, is quite a funny guy.
    和我住在一个宿舍两年多的大卫是个很有趣的家伙。
    I was walking out to my car when a guy tried to rob me 
    我正出门朝我的车走去,就在这时有个家伙企图对我进行抢劫。
    gym(=gymnasium)n.
    ①体育馆,健身房:
    Excuse me, but why am I not allowed to use the gym? 对不起,为什么不允许我使用健身房?
    Our school has a large gym.我们学校有一个大体育馆。
    ②体操,体育(课) (=gymnastics):
    I don’t like gym.我不喜欢体操。
    We have gym at 11: 00.我们11点上体育课。
    【拓展】gymnast体操选手(运动员):
    A gymnast should have good mental qualities.体操选手应具有良好的心理素质。
    His daughter is a gymnast.他的女儿是个体操运动员。
    gymnastics n.体操:We often associate the name of Li Ning with gymnastics.
    我们经常把李宁的名字与体操联系起来。

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