词汇晨读18- 江苏高考英语3500词汇读练测

 江苏高考英语3500词汇读练测(词汇晨读)18
说明：①本系列资料的例句尽可能多地选自高考真题或各地模拟试题；
②凡是形容词+ly构成的副词在本系列资料【拓展】栏目里不予列出。
(polish—pyramid)
polish v. ①磨光，擦亮：
Linda polished her glasses with a dry soft cloth.琳达用一块干净的软布擦亮了她的眼镜。
②润饰/色，使优雅：
It was the first time that Zhang Lin had spoken before hundreds of strangers and he spent several days
polishing his lecture before he stepped onto the platform.这是张林第一次在几百个陌生人面前讲话。在登上舞台之前，他花费了好几天来润色他的演讲。
【拓展】常考的动词短语“polish up”的意义见下列例句：
He polished up the old copper coins.他把古铜币擦得锃亮。
I am struggling to polish up my English now. If only I had studied hard in senior one!
我正在努力提高我的英语水平。要是我在高一时努力学习就好了！
Our sales techniques need polishing up.我们的销售技术需要改进。
John has the speech written but he wants to polish it up a bit before he delivers.
约翰把发言稿写好了。但是他想在演讲之前把它再润色一下。
With their reputation ruined, food companies need to polish up their image.
因为他们的名声被毁了，食品公司需要改善他们的形象。
polite adj.有礼貌的：It’s impolite to make others wait for you so long.让他人等你这么长时间是不礼貌的。
Mike is always gentle and polite. He is a man of culture.
迈克总是彬彬有礼，他是一个有文化修养的人。
【拓展】①impolite adj.不礼貌的，失礼的，不客气的，粗鲁的：
The best way to deal with an impolite person is to ignore him.
对待一个不礼貌的人最好的方法是不理他。
I was impolite and I do beg your pardon.我失礼了，真对不起。
It is very impolite of you to do so to customers.你这样做对顾客太不客气了。
She was genuinely angered at his impolite words.听到他粗鲁的话，她真上火了。
②politeness n.礼貌(反义词：impoliteness)：
She listened to him, but only out of politeness.她只是出于礼貌听他讲。
I apologize to you for my impoliteness.我为我的无礼向你道歉。
political adj.政治的：
Johnson was in prison for 5 years for political reasons when he was young.
约翰逊年轻时因政治原因入狱5年。
The European members are afraid that the new deal will upset the delicate balance of political interests.
欧洲成员们担心这个新的交易会打破脆弱的政治利益的平衡。
politician n.政治家，政客：
Mrs. Thatcher was a tough and uncompromising politician.
撒切尔夫人是一位态度强硬、不轻易妥协的政治家。
The politician’s speech convinced the others that he was the man for the job.
那位政客的演讲使其他人相信他就是该项工作的最佳人选。
This politician tried to cheat the people into the belief that he would work for public welfare. 
这个政客想哄骗人们相信他是会为大众谋福利的。
politics n.政治：Nobel Prize winner Mo Yan said the prize the Academy had awarded to him was a victory of literature, but not a victory of politics.诺贝尔奖获得者莫言说，(皇家)学院授予他的大奖是一次文学的胜利，而不是政治的胜利。
pollute v.污染：If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river would not be polluted so seriously
now.我们要是早采取这么有效的措施，这条河现在就不会被污染的这么严重了。
【拓展】pollution n.污染：
It was not until the entire river was covered with rotten fish which died from acid rain that the villagers realized how serious the pollution was.直到整条河里都是因酸雨而死的烂鱼，村民们才意识到污染有多严重。
This factory which produced paper was closed yesterday because it had caused too much pollution.这家造纸厂昨天关闭了，因为它造成了太多的污染。
pond n.池塘：She chose a bench beside the duck pond and sat down.她在鸭塘边找了条长椅坐下。
pool n.水塘，水池：We squatted beside the pool and watched the diver sink slowly down. 
我们蹲在水池旁，看着潜水者慢慢沉下水。
【拓展】I ran there and saw him lying in a pool of blood.我跑到那儿，看见他躺在血泊中。
poor adj. ①贫困/穷的：
The organization was founded for the benefit of poor children.
这个组织是为了贫困儿童的利益而建立的。
Poor people can’t buy it.穷人买不起它。
②可怜的：The poor girl, having been scolded for not finishing homework on time, is in low sprits now.
这个可怜的女孩，因为没按时完成作业而被责骂，现在情绪低落。
③不好的，差的：The reason why he has resigned is poor health.他离职的原因是身体不好。
【拓展】①与定冠词连用表示“穷人”，具有复数意义：
The rich are for the plan, but the poor are against it. 
富人赞成这项计划，但穷人反对这项计划。
The rich ought to help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。
②as poor as a church mouse一贫如洗，一文不名：
“Now I am as poor as a church mouse,” he complained.
“我现在真是一贫如洗啊，”他抱怨说。
Nobody could imagine that he was as poor as a church mouse when he first came to Hong 
Kong. 但没有人会想到，他初到香港时，只是个一文不名的穷小子。
③think poorly of sb./sth..说某人的坏话/对某事评价不好：
They may think poorly of(=speak ill of )you in your absence.
当你不在场时，他们可能会说你坏话。
Sounding difficult to understand, the lecture was poorly thought of.
这次讲座听起来很难理解，因此评价不好。
pop=popular adj.①大众化的，大/民众的，普遍的，流行的：
Young people like popular music.年轻人喜欢流行音乐。
A pop group plays pop music.流行音乐乐队演奏流行音乐。
This restaurant offers meals at popular prices.这家饭店供应价格大众化的饭菜。
Contrary to popular belief , women cause fewer road accidents than men.
与普遍的看法相反，妇女交通肇事比男人少。
②受欢迎的，讨人喜欢的(表示受某人欢迎或讨某人喜欢，其后通常接介词with, 有时也接 among)：
He is popular among men, though not, perhaps, with ladies.
他很受男士们的欢迎，虽然也许不一定讨女士们的喜欢。
He was not only talented but very popular with his colleagues. 
他不仅才华横溢，而且深受同事的喜爱。
【拓展】popularity n.欢迎，普及，流行，名气，名望：
Natural dyes are now returning to popularity with artists and craftspeople.
天然染料现在又重新受到艺术家和工匠的欢迎。
Golf have gained popularity among the wealthy in my country.
高尔夫球已在我国富有的人中流行起来。
Popularity of the network to people’s lives had a tremendous impact. 
网络的普及给人们的生活带来了巨大影响。
The story had an extensive popularity among American readers. 
这本小说在美国读者中赢得广泛的声望。
Our product enjoys popularity throughout the world.我们的产品饮誉全球。
popcorn n.爆米花：— Mum, why do you give me so much popcorn? 妈妈，你为什么给我这么多爆米花？
—To kill the boring time.让你消磨时间。
population n.①人口，某一国家或地区的所有人：
The population of China is very large and about 80% of the population are peasants.
中国人口(数)非常多，且大约80%的人是农民。
According to a UN report, 30 percent of the world’s population have no access to clean drinking water and health care.据联合国报告称，世界上30%的人口没有干净的饮用水和健康保障。
China has a population of more than fourteen hundred million.中国有14亿多人口。
②(统称)某领域的生物/动物：
The wild population of pandas is in danger of dying out.大熊猫的野生种群濒临灭绝的危险。
pork n.猪肉：The price of pork has not been kept under control as expected, and what is more surprising is that the price has risen by 15% just in the past few months.猪肉的价格没有像预料的那样受到控制，在过去的几个月里猪肉的价格出人意料第上涨了百分之15。
porridge n.稀饭，粥：The porridge is too thick.粥熬得太糨了。
I ate a big bowl of porridge.我喝了一大碗稀饭。
port n.港口，码头：The new port has been opened to foreign ships.新建的港口已向外轮开放。
portable adj.易于携带的，轻便的：
You like the portable personal computer so much. Why not buy one?
你很喜欢便携式个人电脑。为什么不买一个啊？
The portable device easily knocks down.这种轻便装置容易拆卸.
porter n.(火车站或旅馆等处的)搬运工：
I struggled with my bags, desperately looking for a porter.我提着行李艰难地走着，迫切地寻找着搬运工。
position n.①方位，位置：From their position on the top of the TV Tower, visitor can have a better view of the city.
从电视塔顶部的位置，游客可以更好地看到城市的景色。
②姿势，姿态：Are you sitting in a comfortable position?你坐的姿势舒服吗？
③处境，情势：He was in a very difficult position.他处境十分困难。
④职业，职务：Julia, having hunted for months after job as an air waitress, finally took a position in a local tour agency.朱莉娅在做了几个月的空姐后，终于在当地一家旅行社找到了一份工作。
⑤地位：The company wants to maintain its leading position in business.
公司想要维持它在商业上的领导地位。
Money, fame and social position have no interest for him.
他对金钱，名誉和社会地位都不动心。
【拓展】①in position在应在的位置，在适当的位置：
Is everyone in position?大家都各就各位了吗？
②out of position位置没放好，不得其所：
One of the chairs is out of position. Put it back in position.
有一把椅子没放好位置，把它放回原处。
③position作先行词表示抽象的地点时，用关系副词where：
Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
导购员是一个沟通能力和销售技能同样重要的职位。
positive adj.①确定的，肯定的，积极的，主动的：
Are you positive that you saw him?你有把握断言你见过他吗？
The agreement should have very positive results in the long term. 
从长远来看，这个协议将会产生非常积极的影响。
In addition to its health benefits, dancing is a fun way to release positive energy and make society more pleasant.除了对健康有益之外，跳舞也是释放正能量、让社会更愉快的有趣方式。
②明确的，清楚的：There is no positive evidence that he is guilty.没有确凿的证据证明他有罪。
③有效的，有帮助的：
The teacher tried to make positive suggestions.那位老师尝试提出一些有建设性的建议。
possess v.有，占有，拥有：
Nearly 3,500 years ago, people chewed on leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.大约3500年前，人们咀嚼含有一种特殊化学物质的树叶来减轻身体疼痛和发烧。
They lost everything they possessed in the fire.他们在火灾中失去了所有财产。
Can the modern architecture be possessed of regional features?现代建筑有地域特色吗？
possession n.①所有，拥有：Does the possession of wealth bring happiness?拥有财富就可以带来幸福吗？
②(常用复)财产，所有物：
He is making the last desperate attempt and is risking losing all his possessions if he fails.
他孤注一掷，如果失败了，他将冒着失去所有财产的风险。
【拓展】注意冠词的有无及含义的差异：
in possession of (某人)拥有 have possession of(某人)拥有
take possession of(某人)拥有，具有，占有，占领：
in the possession of sb.为某人拥有(=in sb.’s possession)
come into possession of sth. (某人)获得某物
come into the possession of sb.被某人所获得(=come into sb.’s possession)
China has been in possession of the island for time immemorial. 
中国自古以来就拥有该岛屿。
—Does the young man standing there have possession of the company.
—No, the company is in the possession of his father.
“站在那里的那个年轻人拥有这家公司吗？”“不，这家公司为他父亲所拥有。”
We can’t take possession of the house until all the papers have been signed. 
所有的文件都签字以后，我们才能拥有这房子。
He had come into possession of a large fortune.他得了一笔很大的财产。
How had this compromising picture come into the possession of the press?
这张令人难堪的照片是怎么落到新闻媒体手中的？
possibility n.可能，可能性，可能发生的事：
Is there any possibility that scientists will find a planet like our earth in the near future?
科学家们有没有可能在不久的将来发现一颗类似地球的行星呢？
There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, should there be a sudden loud noise.如果突然有很大的响声，这些动物就真的有可能会受到惊吓。
What is the possibility of having a sunny weekend?周末天晴的可能性有多大？
Let’s consider the possibilities.让我们来讨论一下可能发生的事。
possible adj.可能的：The official made it clear that he would do everything possible to solve the problem.
该官员明确表示，他将尽其所能解决问题。
I’ll help you if (it is) possible.如果可能我会帮助你。
Please come as soon as possible.请尽快来。
Having got a new product，the manager is always launching an advertising campaign to attract as many buyers as possible.有了新产品后，经理总是发起广告活动来吸引尽可能多的顾客。
【拓展】①按英语习惯，可说It is possible that we will win the match或It is possible for us to win
the match(我们可能会赢得这场比赛)或We are likely to win the match.
但不可以说We are possible to win the match。
②impossible adj.不可能的，做不到的：
People felt it impossible for man to fly into outer space some years ago.
几年前，人们觉得人类不可能飞入外层空间。
What “wandering Earth” wants to share with viewers is the faith in man’s strong will power to make the impossible possible.“流浪的地球”想与观众分享的是人类强大意志力量的信念使不可能的事情成为可能。
post1 n.①邮政，邮寄：Are you going to the post office?你到邮局去吗？
②邮件：We had a lot of post today.=We had a large post today.我们今天收到很多邮件。
post2 v.①投寄，邮寄：Don’t forget to post the letter for me when you pass by the post office.
你路过邮局时别忘了替我把这封信寄了。
②张贴：She has posted photographs on bulletin boards. 她已把照片贴在了公告牌上。
The singer’s music video has been viewed nearly 9 million times since it was posted on the Internet four weeks ago.自从四个星期前发送到网络上之后，这名歌手的音乐录像就有9百万的点击观看量。
③设岗：We have guards posted near the windows.我们已在窗户附近设了岗哨。
n.工作，职位：Have you applied to Mr. Black forthe post? It’s worth a try.
你向布莱克先生申请这个职位了么？值得一试。
【拓展】keep sb. posted on/about sth.向某人定期通报某事，向某人及时报告某事进展：
Please keep me posted about the stock price.请随时让我知道最新的股票价格。
We will keep you posted on the outcome.如有进一步消息，我们会即时送上。
postage n.邮费：The box contains ten bottles, and the price includes postage charges.
这个箱子里有10个瓶子，这个价格包含邮费。
postcard n.明信片，卡片：
A postcard from his father set off an attack of home-sickness in him.
他父亲给他寄的一张明信片勾起了他的思乡之情。
We ought to have received the postcards yesterday, but it didn’t arrive.
我们本应该昨天就收到贺卡的，但是贺卡还没有到。
postcode n.邮政编码：Could you tell me the postcode for London?你能告诉我伦敦的邮编吗？
Mark the frame with your postcode.在这一格里写上你的邮政编码。
poster n.(贴在公共场所的大型)招贴，广告(画)，海报：
The mirror is level with the poster on the wall.镜子与墙壁上的招贴画处于同一高度。
The poster was revised based on the suggestions of other group members.
这则海报是根据其他组成员的意见修订的。
postman(pl postmen)n.邮递员，邮差：
Her letter should have arrived today, but it has been held up by the postmen’s strike. 
她的信本该今天到的，但是由于邮递员罢工而耽搁了。
postpone v.推迟，延期：
He postponed his holiday so as to meet the deadline for his work.
未按时完成他的工作他推迟了他的假期。
He decided to postpone buying the house because his mother was ill, which cost him a lot of money.
他决定推迟购房，因为妈妈生病了，需要花他很多钱。
The ball game was postponed because of rain.球赛因雨延期。
pot n.锅，壶，瓶，罐：Pass up the paint pot and brush.把油漆罐和刷子递上来。
potato n.土豆，马铃薯：They live on potatoes.他们以土豆为主食。
potential adj.可能的，潜在的：Every seed is a potential plant.每粒种子都可能长成植物。
While the sales figure of the new range of products is relatively small, the potential market is large.
尽管新系列产品的销售数字相对较小，但潜在市场很大。
n.潜力，潜能：Efforts will be made to innovate new teaching models to exploit students’ potential.
将努力创新教学模式以便能开发学生的潜力。
pound n.①磅：Tea is sold by the pound.茶叶按磅出售。
②英镑：The picture is worth at least twenty pounds.这幅画最少值20英镑。
【拓展】参看penny词条中的俗语：
Penny wise and pound foolish.小事聪明大事糊涂/因小失大/捡了芝麻丢了西瓜。
A penny saved is a penny gained.省一文是一文。
pour v.①倒，斟：Shall I pour you some water?要不要我给你倒点水？
②倾泻，不断流出：The bright moon was pouring down the soft rays.明月泻下柔和的光线。
Sweat poured down from her face.汗珠不断从她脸上流下。
③(雨)倾盆而下，下倾盆大雨:It’s absolutely pouring down.大雨真是倾盆而下。
【拓展】①pour动词短语的意义请看下列例句：
The crowd suddenly poured into the store.人群突然涌进了商店。
The government poured a large sum of money into the project.
政府把大笔资金投入了这项工程。
More and more waste and poison are poured into the water, the soil and the air.
越来越多的废物和毒物倾泻到水、土和空气中去。
The moonlight poured in through the windows.月光透过窗户泻入室内。
Our unusual showing caught the attention of the public, and orders for the clothes poured in.
我们不寻常的展示引起了公众的注意，订购衣服的订单源源不断。
Pour out the water left in the bucket.把桶里的剩水倒出来。
The rain poured down, so he abandoned the idea of jogging outside.
雨倾盆而下，所以他放弃到外面慢跑的想法。
The volcano erupted and the lava poured down the mountain, burying several villages.
火山爆发，熔岩从山上倾泻而下，掩埋了几个村庄。
②谚语It never rains but pours.不鸣则已一鸣惊人/祸不单行/屋漏偏逢连夜雨。
Pour oil on the flame.火上浇油。
poverty n.贫穷，贫瘠，缺乏，不足：
Forty years after China started its reform and opening-up, more than 18million rural residents have shaken off poverty in South China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.改革开放40年来，广西壮族自治区有1800多万农村人口脱贫。
His work was criticized for its poverty of imagination.他的作品因缺乏想像力而受到批评。
【拓展】①a poverty of=a lack of短缺，贫乏：
There is a poverty of color in her work.她的作品缺乏色彩。
②out of poverty脱离贫困：
No country in history has ever lifted so many people out of poverty so rapidly.
历史上没有任何一个国家如此迅速地使那么多人摆脱贫困。
Last year alone, the temporary unemployment insurance lifted 2.5 million people out of poverty, and cushioned the blow for many more.就去年一年，暂时失业保险使二百五十万人脱离贫困，也缓和了失业对很多人的冲击。
powder n.粉，粉末：The corn powder with two other things is mixed with water to make all kinds of food.
玉米粉和另外两种东西用水混合在一起做成各种各样的食物。
Our milk powder is especially suitable for children under 6, as it helps a lot to build the body’s natural defence.我们的奶粉特别适合6岁以下的儿童。因为它能增强身体的抵御能力。
power n. ①力，能力：
Carrying the box requires a lot of power.搬这个箱子很需要力气。
Not that I don’t want to help you, but that it’s beyond my power to do so.
并不是我不想帮忙，而是我能力有限。
The power of silence is much greater compared with that of instant attack.
与即时攻击的力量相比，沉默的力量要大得多。
②(常用复)体力，智力：His powers are failing.他的体力在衰退。
③权力，势力：
The police chief stood trial in New York on Tuesday, charged with abuse of power.
周二，该警察局长在纽约受审，被指控滥用职权。
④能，动力，电力：
Nuclear power is cleaner than coal.核能比煤清洁。
You can’t make a machine work without power supply.没有动力，机器就不能转动。
—Why didn’t you call me?你为什么不给我打电话？
—Oh, my cell-phone ran out of power, otherwise I would have called you.
哦，我的手机没电了，否则我会给你打电话的。
【拓展】①表示做某事的能力时，其后通常接不定式：
Some animals have the power to see in the dark.有些动物具有在黑暗中看见东西的本领。
②come into/to power掌握政权，得势，上台执政(短暂性动词短语)：
The present government came into power last year.现政府是去年上台的。
③in power执政，当权：
The Labour Party has been in power for three years.工党已经在执政三年了。
powerful adj.效力大的，强有力的，强大的：
Television is more than an electronic equipment; it has become a powerful tool for communication.
电视不仅仅是一种电子设备；它已成为强大的交流工具。
practical adj.①实际的，实践的：
Nowadays people become more practical and buy only what they need.
当今人们变得越来越实际，只购买需要的东西。
②实用的，可行的：
Smith kept thinking hard but failed to come up with a practical plan.
史密斯先生一直在苦苦思索，但还是制定不出一个切实可行的计划来。
③事实上的，实质上的：He is the practical owner of the company.他是公司真正的老板。
practice n.①实行，实践：
To ensure a correct understanding of the new regulations, we need to clarify some ambiguous points of view and put the system into practice.为了确保对新法规的正确理解，我们需要澄清一些模棱两可的观点，并将该制度付诸实践。
②实习，练习，经验：It took a lot of practice to play the piano well.弹好钢琴需要大量的练习。
③惯例，常规：
In many countries, it is a common practice to offer guests tea or coffee.
在许多国家，给客人上茶或咖啡是常见的惯例。
While his approach was a complete departure from established practices, the result was satisfactory.
虽然他的做法完全背离了常规，但结果令人满意。
④业务：I eventually realized I had to change my attitude toward medical practice.
我终于认识到自己不得不改变对医务工作的看法。
【拓展】①out of practice荒疏，疏于练习，久不练习，行不通：
She was out of practice at singing.她对唱歌荒疏了。
“How’s your German?” “Not bad, but I’m out of practice. ” 
“你的德语如何？”“还行，只是疏于练习了。”
Modern furniture would be out of practice in a Victorian house.
现代家具在维多利亚时代的房子里是行不通的。
②Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
③in practice事实上，实际上：
This is certainly a theoretical risk but in practice there is seldom a problem
从理论上讲，这肯定是有风险的，可是实际上很少出问题。
practise(Am practice) v.
①实践，实行，实施，惯做，常做：
The chemical plant proposed to increase production and practise economy and other factories presently 
responded.化工厂提出增产厉行节约的倡仪，其他工厂随即响应。
He advised us to practice getting up early.他劝我们早起。
②实习，练习，训练：
Practice reading every day, and you’ll develop a good language sense.
每天练习阅读，你会培养良好的语感。
【拓展】practised adj.熟练的，老道的，老练的，内行的：
He is practiced in the art of design while his wife is a practiced lecturer.
他精于设计艺术而他的妻子是个老练的演说者。
It took s practiced eye to spot the difference.只有内行才能看出其中的差异。
praise n.赞美，赞扬：She was full of praise for your work.她对你的工作赞不绝口。
Everybody spoke in praise of her devotion to the cause of education.
大家异口同声地称赞她献身教育事业的精神。
His heroism was beyond all praise.他的英勇行为使人赞美不尽/夸不胜夸。
v.赞扬，表扬：Those who worked whole-heartedly without carelessness should be praised.
那些全心全意工作而不粗心的人应该受到表扬。
He praised (you for) your hard work.他表扬你工作努力。
pray v.祈祷，祈求：He prays every night for the safety of his family.他每晚祷告，祈求家人平安。
He was kneeling down and praying.他正在跪着祈祷。
prayer n.祈祷：He knelt down in prayer.他跪下祈祷。
precious adj.宝贵的，珍贵的：
You should make good use of every precious minute to study.
你应该好好利用宝贵的每一分钟去学习。
Gold is a precious metal.黄金是贵重金属。
precise adj.①精确的，确切的：Try to be precise in your measures.测量结果请尽量精确。
②严谨的，严格的，谨慎的：He is very precise.他是个十分严谨的人。
predict v.预测/料/计/言：
Even though we live in a high-tech age, it’s still impossible to predict the weather accurately.
即使我们生活在一个高科技时代，准确预测天气仍然是不可能的。
Whether this will be successful or not is still difficult to predict.成败尚难预料。
Due to the country’s growing rate of urbanization, China’s migrant population is predicted to be over 200 million by 2020.由于中国城市化的速度不断提高，到2020年，中国的流动人口预计将超过2亿。
【拓展】①prediction n.预言，预测，预报：
In the weeks before the Academy Awards ceremony, movie reviewers make predictions about which movies and actors will be awarded.在奥斯卡金奖颁奖前的几周，电影评论家预测哪部电影和哪位演员将会获奖。
He was unwilling to make a prediction about which books would sell in the coming year.
他不愿意预测来年哪些书会有销路。
②predictable adj.可预见的，可预言的，可预报的，可预料的：
Senior citizens long for a more predictable and secure future. 
老年人渴望有一个更稳定、更可预见的未来。
③unpredictable adj.不可预测的，无法预言的：
Life is unpredictable; even the poorest might become the richest.
人生是不可预测的；甚至最穷的也可能变得最有钱。
The result is entirely unpredictable.结果是完全无法预料的。
④predictability可预报性，可预测性，可预计性，可预言(反义词unpredictability)：
These reforms, we believe, would not only benefit both our countries, but contribute to global 
economic balance, predictability, and broader prosperity.我们认为，这些改革措施将不仅惠
及我们两国，还将促进全球经济平衡、可预测性和更普遍的繁荣。
Risk is unpredictabilityand the tendency that actual results may differ from predicted
 results.风险是一种无法预测的，其趋势是，实际后果可能不同于所预测的后果。
prefer v.宁愿(选择)，更喜欢：
I prefer to take the next train.我宁愿坐下一班火车。
More and more people prefer to live in the countryside, whose appeal for them lies in the quiet and slow-paced life.越来越多的人喜欢住在农村，农村对人们的吸引力在于安静和慢节奏的生活。
【拓展】①其过去式、过去分词及现在分词要双写字母r再加-ed或-ing。
②后接动词时，用不定式或动名词均可，但若它连用了would或should，则只能后接不定式：I would prefer to stay home.我宁愿呆在家里。
③要表示“宁愿……而不愿……”、“喜欢……而不喜欢……”，有两类句型可选用：若待比较的是两个名词或动名词，则用prefer…to…；若待比较的是两个不定式，则用prefer…rather than…：
I prefer the town to the country.我喜欢城市而不喜欢乡下。
Rather than stay at home, she preferred to go with us.她宁愿和我们一起去也不愿待在家里。
I’d prefer playing outdoors to watching television.我宁愿在外面玩而不愿看电视。
I prefer writing letters to talking on the phone.和打电话相比，我更喜欢写信。
④在现代英语中，通常只用作及物动词，所以当后面接if或when状语从句时，应借助代词it：I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work.要是我不必做那么多工作，那就太好了。
⑤preference n.偏爱(的事物)，喜爱(的事物)，优侍：
Depending on your preferences, you can create a new program and use it in place of the old one.根据你的喜好, 你可以创建一个新的程序来代替旧的。
As a preschool teacher, she tried not to show preference in her treatment of the children in her care.作为一名幼儿园教师，她在对待自己照顾的孩子时尽量不表现出偏爱。
I have a preference for serious novels to popular fictions. 
我喜欢读严肃小说胜于通俗小说。
I’d choose the small car in preference to the larger one. 
我宁可选择那辆小的汽车而不要那辆大的。
prejudice n.①偏见，成见：A judge must be free from prejudice.法官不应存有偏见。
②(法律)损害，侵害：
I will do nothing to the prejudice of my friend in this matter.我在此事上不会伤害我的朋友。
I want to make it clear that I have no prejudice against you.我要表明清楚我对你没有偏见。
premier n.总理，首相：Premier of the State Council国务院总理
Premier Li Keqiang urges that we should all seek to live in harmony in a world of multi-civilizations.
总理李克强呼吁我们应该在一个多元文明的世界里努力和谐地生活在一起。
Japanese Vice-Premier Sumochizi called on Friday for an all-out effort to develop a friendly relationship with neighboring Asian countries.日本副首相在周五要求全力以赴与亚洲的邻居形成友好的关系。
【拓展】adj.首要的：
His work on the cause of the diseases is of premier importance to the whole world.
他的病理研究工作对全世界至关重要。
prepare v.准备，预备：
Mother is preparing us a meal.=Mother is preparing a meal for us.母亲在给我们准备饭菜。
Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set out to prepare your business plan.
有了这些你收集的信息，你就可以着手准备你的商业计划了。
Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.存最好的希望，作最坏的准备。
We must be prepared against war.我们必须备战。
We were not prepared for the heavy rain.我们没有提防要下这么大一场雨。
I’m prepared to accept it.我准备接受它。
【注意】①prepare与prepare for：
　　 ▲当prepare后面直接加名词的时候，它表示“准备，装备，起草”。
I’m preparing a test.我在准备一个考试。(正在准备试卷)
　　 ▲prepare for为……做准备：
Every minute should be made use of to prepare for the upcoming examinations.
每一分钟都应该利用起来，为即将到来的考试作准备。
②preparation n.准备：
▲make preparations for sth./to do sth.为做某事作准备：
They had made full preparations but somehow, the plan worked out badly.
他们已经做了充分的准备，但不知怎的，计划进展得很糟糕。
▲in preparation for作……的准备，为……作准备：
They have sold their house and car in preparation for leaving the country.
他们卖掉了房子和汽车准备出国。
present1 adj.①出席的，在场的：I was present when accident happened.事故发生时我在场。
②现在的，目前的：What is your present job?你现在的工作是什么？
Since the present situation is very complex, I think it will take me some time to figure out its reality.
由于目前形式比较复杂，我认为要花费一些时间来弄清楚它的事实。
v.①赠予，颁予：They presented flowers to their teacher.他们献花给老师。
A total of 19 Golden Rooster Awards presented, The Wandering Earth took home the award the Best Picture.在所颁发的19个金鸡奖中，《流浪地球》获得了最佳影片奖。
②呈递，提出：The baker presented his bill.面包师呈上他的账单。
I really appreciate being given the chance to present my opinions on AI at the meeting.
我非常感谢有机会在会议上提出我对AI的看法。
present2 n.①礼物，赠品：The tie is a present from my sister.这条领带是我妹妹送的礼物。
②现在：At present, he is on holiday.目前，他正在度假。
I don’t need the dictionary at present.我现在不需要这本字典。
I don’t want to say anything for the present.我暂时不打算说什么。
presentation n.(该词的意义比较多，常见的有)提交，演出，陈述，报告，颁奖仪式，展示/介绍/发布会：
The presentation of the material was untidy.所提交的资料缺乏条理。
Last week we went to the presentation of a new play.上星期我们去观看了一场新剧的演出。
I was asked to give a short presentation on the aims of the plan.
他们要求我就这计划的目的作一个简短的陈述。
I always ask how much time I have to make my presentation.我总是问我的报告需要做多长时间。
The presentation will be held in Beijing.本周六颁奖仪式将在北京举行。
—John, you are asked to give a presentation of our product at tomorrow’s conference.
—Don’t put me on the spot. I am not good at public speech, you know.
“约翰，明天的会议上请你给我们介绍一下我们的产品。”
“不要让我为难，你知道我不善于公开演讲。”
Admission is free on presentation of this card.出示该卡可免费入场。
preserve v.①保护，防护，维护，保持，维持：
To preserve its construction, the Potala Palace is accessible to a limited number of tourists every day.
为了保护其建筑，布达拉宫每天只能接待有限数量的游客。
Efforts to preserve peace have failed.维持和平的努力已告失败。
②保存，保藏，防腐：Ice helps to preserve food.冰有助于保存食物。
【拓展】①preservation n.维护，保护，保存，保留，维持，保持：
The aim of the policy is the preservation of peace.这一政策旨在维护和平。
The poor condition of the Acropolis set the Greek government taking into consideration the preservation of it.雅典卫城很差的现状使希腊政府考虑对它进行保护。
②preserver n.保护者，救助者；保护物，防护用具：
Her preserver was everywhere sought for, but he did not appear. 
大家到处找她的救命恩人，但那个人却不见面了。
He threw the life preserver to the struggling swimmer.
他把救生圈抛给了正在挣扎的游泳者。
president n.①总统，主席：
it was in December, 2018 that President Xi and President Trump met in Argentina.
习近平主席和特朗普总统是在2018年12月份在阿根廷会面的。
②大学校长，学院院长：We elected her president of the university. 我们选她为这所大学的校长。
③会长，社长：a former president of the Royal Society 皇家学会的前会长
④总裁，董事长，(银行)行长：
Research and marketing operations will be Mr. Furlaud’s job as president of the new company. 
作为新公司的总裁，弗劳德先生将负责调研和市场运作。
She’s a friend of the president of the bank. 她是银行行长的朋友。
press1 v.①压，按：Press the red switch on the left and the flying machine will swiftly go up into the air and begin its journey.按左边的那个红色的按钮，这个飞行器就会飞上天空开始了它的旅途。
②挤：He pressed his way through the crowd.他挤过人群。
③熨，熨平：I’ve pressed your trousers with the iron.我用熨斗熨了你的裤子。
④紧迫：Time presses.时间紧迫。
press2 n.①(常用单)压，推，压挤：He gave the switch a press.他按了一下开关。
②(连用the)新闻界，报界：The freedom of the press must be protected.新闻报道的自由应该得到保障。
③出版社，印刷厂，印刷机：
The university press, which forms and grows with China’s education, is part and parcel of China’s press 
industry. 大学出版社是我国出版事业的重要组成部分，是随着我国教育事业的发展而产生和发展起来的。
pressure n.压迫，压力：
Did your father put pressure on you?你父亲给你施加压力了吗？
Don’t put too much pressure on yourself. As long as you keep trying, you will achieve your goals in the future.别给自己太大压力，只要你一直努力，未来就能达到你的目标。
The pressure of the wind forced the door open.风力强行把门推开。
Some people work well under pressure while others get nervous and do badly.
有些人在压力下也能很好地工作，而其他人会变得紧张并且做得很糟糕。
Out of debt, out of pressure.无债一身轻。
Eating too much fat can contribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
吃太多的脂肪会导致心脏病和高血压。
pretend v.①假装，装作：
The boy pretended to have fallen asleep when his father came back.
他的父亲回来时，这个男孩假装睡着了。
When the boss came in, the workers pretended to be working hard on their machines.
老板进来时，工人们假装在机器上努力工作。
②(孩子在游戏中)假扮：Let’s pretend we’re cats.让我们假扮成猫。
③伪称，佯称：
Republicans pretend the U. S. is on the brink of losing the world’s trust, but they don’t really believe that. 共和党佯称美国已经濒临失去世界信任的边缘，但他们自己实际上并不相信。
④自称，自命：The men pretend to control the larger decisions.男人们自称掌管大事的决策权。
pretty adj.漂亮的，俊俏的：
What’s the pretty small house that is being built for?正在修建的那座漂亮的小房子是做什么用的？
adv.相当，颇：This raw chocolate tastes pretty delicious due to generous amount of melted pure fresh cream.
由于大量融化的纯新鲜奶油，这种生巧克力尝起来相当美味。
prevent v.妨碍，阻碍，防止，阻止，预防：
We should do everything we can to prevent such a silly mistake occurring again in the future.
我们应该尽我们所能来防止这种愚蠢的错误在将来再次发生。
Nothing will prevent my marrying her.我要娶她为妻，什么也阻止不了。
Cleanliness helps prevent disease.清洁有助于预防疾病。
【拓展】①要表示阻止某人做某事，习惯上说prevent sb.(from)doing sth.或prevent sb.’s doing sth.：
The rain prevented him (from)coming.=The rain prevented his coming.大雨使他不能来。
注意：用于被动语态时from不可以省略：
Industrial waste must be prevented from polluting our rivers.
必须阻止工业废料污染我们的江河。
②prevention n.阻止，预防：
H1N1 control and prevention is a challenge to China as well as the whole world.
H1N1的预防与控制对中国以及整个世界来说都是一种挑战。
③preventable adj.可以预防的，可以防止的，可以阻止的：
Smoking is the biggest preventable cause of death and disease 
在可以预防的引发死亡和疾病的因素当中，吸烟排在第一位。
preview v.预习，试/预演，预展，预览：
To catch up with others, we’d better preview the schoolwork in advance and work very hard.
为了赶上别人，我们最好提前预习功课，努力学习。
This allows them to share and preview product features, functions, and benefits. 
这使他们能够分享和预览产品特点，功能和效益。
In the virtual laboratory environment created in the VR app, students can preview a particular experiment before doing them in a real lab.在VR应用创造的虚拟实验环境下，学生们可以在真正实验室做实验之前预演一个特定的实验。
【拓展】n.预习，试映，预展：
He had gone to see the preview of a play. 他去看一场戏剧的预演了。
We saw a preview of the new movie. 我们看了一部新电影的试映。
previous adj.以前的，先前的：
Do you have previous experience of this type of work?你以前有过这方面的工作经验吗？
Her previous experience makes her have a big advantage over the other applicants
她先前的经验使她比其他申请者有很大优势。
I had collected material previous to writing.我在写作以前先搜集了材料。
price n.价格，价钱，代价：
Prices are rising.物价在上涨。
That stamp was sold at the price of $4,000.那张邮票以4000美元的价格售出。
Slovenia will have to pay a high price for independence.斯洛文尼亚将为独立付出巨大的代价。
【拓展】①表示价格的高低用high和low，一般不用dear, expensive, cheap等。
②询问价钱，可用how much或what，但句型不同：
这件外套什么价？
How much is the coat?=What is the price of the coat?=What/How much does the coat cost?
但是不可以说How much is the price of the coat?
③priceless无价的(指非常值钱)，不值钱用“worthless”：
There is priceless jewellery on display at the exhibition hall.展厅里陈列着无价之宝。
Since the end of the war, many of the priceless antiques have been returned to their rightful owners.自从战争结束以来，许多无价的古董已归还失主。
The necklace the woman bought is worthless, because it is made of glass.
这个女人买的项链不值钱，因为它是玻璃做的。
pride n.自豪，骄傲，得意，自尊心，自尊，尊严：
President Xi appeared in Zhongshan suit in Dutch, which displayed the leader’s national pride and confidence.习主席身着中山装出现在荷兰，彰显了领导人的民族自豪感和信心。
Pride will have a fall.=Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。
Her husband’s pride was a small thing to sacrifice for their children’s security.
为了孩子们的安全，舍弃她丈夫的尊严不算什么。
【拓展】v.(仅用于pride oneself)自豪，骄傲：She prides herself on her cooking.她以会做菜而自豪。
primary adj.①初等的，初级的：
Britain did not introduce compulsory primary education until 1880. 
直到1880年，英国才开始实行初等义务教育。
Ninety-nine per cent of primary pupils now have hands-on experience of computers. 
现在99%的小学生都亲手操作过电脑。
China will push for AI courses to be offered at primary and secondary schools to let children keep pace with the times.中国将推动中小学开设人工智能课程，让孩子们与时俱进。
②主要的，首要的：
Silk had become one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC .
到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。
PE teaching reform in middle schools at present is a matter of primary importance.
搞好中学体育教学改革是当前的头等大事。
③最初的，原始的，第一级的：
The massive primary data value is possibly hiding some unknown message, and may provides more
 help to people. 大量原始数据的价值在于其中可能隐藏着一些未知的知识，可以给人们提供更多的帮助。
primitive adj. ①原始的，远古的：
A myth is an account of the deeds of a god or supernatural beings, usually expressed in terms of primitive thought.神话是对神或超自然生物的行为的描述，通常是用原始的想法表达。
②简单的，简陋的：
The washing facilities in the camp were very primitive.营地的洗涤设施十分简陋。
principle n.①原则：In matters of style, swim with the current; in matters of principle, stand like a rock
风尚的事情，随波逐流；原则问题，坚如磐石。
②(用单数)原理：
These two medical instruments work on the same principle.这两种医疗仪器的工作原理是一样的。
③(用复数)一般原理：This course teaches the principles of cooking.这课程讲授烹调的一般原理。
④(常用复)规范，准则：We live according to our principles.我们按自己的准则行事。
【拓展】①in principle原则上，大致上，通常：
We agree in principle but we dislike your methods.
我们原则上同意，但我们不喜欢你使用的方法。
②on principle按照原则(或道德标准)：
He will vote against it on principle.他会根据原则投反对票。
print v.①印刷：The board thought it urgent that these files be printed right away.
董事会认为立即把这些文件打印出来是当务之急。
②刊载，发表：
He showed us a magazine in which an article about him was printed along with his photograph.
他给我们看了一本杂志，上面刊登了一篇关于他的文章，还附有他的照片。
n.印刷字体，版画，印刷，指纹：
The print is too small for me to read without glasses.印刷字体太小，我不带眼镜就看不清。
The printmaking would lose direction if print artists have no skill interests in creation.
版画家脱离技术趣味进行创作时，版画创作就没有了方向感。
The book is now out of print, but it can easily be borrowed from libraries.
这本书现已绝版，但很容易从图书馆借到。
The thief had left his prints on the handle.小偷在把手上留下了指纹。
【拓展】①printer n.打印机，印刷商，印刷工人，印刷公司：
The printer sits on her desk next to her computer.打印机放在她桌子上的电脑旁边。
The manuscript had already been sent off to the printers.原稿已经寄给印刷厂了。
The printer has left out two lines from this paragraph.印刷工人把这一段漏了两行。
②printing n.印刷，印刷术：
Printing was first invented by the Chinese.印刷术是中国首先发明的。
③in print出版，印刷：
His article has never appeared in print.他的文章从未出版过。
I got a kick out of seeing my name in print.当看到我的名字印成铅字时，我感到无比兴奋。
priority n.优先事项，最重要的事，优先(权)，重点：
Small residential areas have become a priority with the Ministry of Construction.
建设居民小区是建设部要优先解决的问题。
Being a parent is her first priority.做好母亲是她的头等大事。
The proposals deserve support as they give priority to the needs of children.
这些提议值得拥护，因为它们优先考虑了儿童的需求。
The first priority is to cut costs.当务之急是降低成本。
【拓展】prioritize v.按重要性排列，划分优先顺序 ，优先处理：
You should make a list of all the jobs you have to do and prioritize them.
你应该把所有必须做的事都列出来，并按轻重缓急排个顺序。
The organization was formed to prioritize the needs of older people.
这个机构是为优先满足老年人的需要而成立的。
prison n.监狱，监禁：
There is a large prison in this town.城里有一座大监狱。
I suggested the person referred to be put/cast/thrown into prison.我建议该把提到的那个人投入监狱。
The murderer was sent/taken to prison and before long he was sentenced to death.  
那个谋杀犯被关入监狱，不久被判处死刑。
He was sentenced to life in prison(=He was condemned to life imprisonment).他被判处终身监禁。
They went to prison because they violated the law.他们触犯了法律，因此坐了牢。
He has been in prison for 5 years.他已坐了5年牢。
prisoner n.囚犯，犯人：
A prisoner has escaped from a jail in northern England.一名囚犯从英格兰北部的一所监狱中越狱。
The prisoner had made up his mind to be a good man during the term of imprisonment and was finally released early because of good conduct.这个犯人在监禁期间下定决心做一个好人，最后因为良好的表现被提前释放。
private adj.私人的，属于个人的：
I’ve always kept my private and professional life separate.我总是将私生活和工作分开。
It’s just that it’s something very private, and I simply can’t talk about it. 
只不过这是非常隐私的事情，我根本不能谈论这个。
She said she had been studying at a private high school in the US for almost two years.
她说她在美国的一所私立中学学习了近两年。
【拓展】①in private私下地，秘密地：
Some of what we will talk about might better be discussed in private. 
我们要谈论的一些事情最好是在私下里讨论。
The proceedings of the enquiry will take place in private.问讯将会秘密进行。
②privacy n.隐私，秘密：
The purpose of the newly-invented robots which can help bathe people is to preserve the
dignity and privacy of patients.新建的机器人帮助人们洗澡的目的就是维护病人的尊严和隐私。
privilege n.①特权，优待：He gave his friend the privilege of using his car.他特许他的朋友用他的汽车。
②荣幸：Boys and girls, I have the great privilege introducing our speaker. This is the famous professor
of Beijing University.孩子们，我非常荣幸地介绍我们的演讲者。这位是北京大学的著名教授。
prize n.奖赏，奖：Her parents were so pleased to get the news that she won the prize.
她的父母听到她获奖的消息非常高兴。
She received the Nobel Prize for physics.她获得了诺贝尔物理奖。
probably adv.很可能，大概：
You may probably remember some idioms in the texts but you couldn’t possibly remember all the
words in them.你可能记得这篇文章里的一些俗语，但是你不可能记得文章里的所有的话。
【拓展】probable adj.很可能的，很有希望的：
Success is possible, but hardly probable.成功是可能的，但把握不是很大。
It’s very probable that it will rain today.今天很有可能会下雨。
problem n.问题，难题：They realized that the problem Ted put forward was difficult to solve.
他们意识到泰德提出的问题很难解决。
【拓展】no problem没问题，没关系(可用于回答道歉、感谢或表示“没问题”等)：
—Would you please help me to take the clothes downstairs, Tom?
—No problem.
“汤姆，你能不能帮我把衣服拿到楼下？”“没问题。”
procedure n.程序，手续，步骤：
Universities must adopt stricter rules and conduct stricter reviews of submitted material to make
enrollment procedures more transparent, the Ministry of Education said on Jan 4, 2019.
教育部于2019年1月4日表示，大学必须采取更严格的规定，对提交的材料进行更严格的审查，
以提高招生程序的透明度。
process n.①过程，进程：
Life is a process of growing up where you know what to give up and what to hold on to.
生活是一个成长的过程，在这个过程中你知道放弃什么，坚持什么。
Time and patience are needed in popularizing guoxue, but modem technology helps
accelerate the process.普及国学需要时间和耐心，但是现代技术帮助加快了这一进程。
②(生产中的)工序，工艺：Building a car is a long process.制造一辆小汽车有很长的工序。
v.处理，加工：The information gathered by the telescopes will be processed by computers.
通过望远镜获得的信息将由计算机进行处理。
Brazil began importing soybeans to process at home.巴西开始进口大豆在国内加工。
【拓展】in the process of在……的过程中：
The administration is in the process of drawing up a peace plan. 政府正在起草和平计划。
They were in the process of resolving all the unsettled issues.
他们正在着手解决所有悬而未决的问题。
Her novel is in the process of being turned into a television series.
她的小说正被拍成电视连续剧。
produce v.①生，产，生产：A hen produces eggs and a cow produces milk.母鸡产蛋，奶牛产奶。
No producer shall produce any product that has been officially eliminated by the state.
生产者不得生产国家明令淘汰的产品。
②产生，创造，制造：Labor produces wealth.劳动创造财富。
Though our economy grows fast, we produce more than 30 times as much rubbish as we did 20 years
ago.尽管我们的经济飞速发展，我们产生的垃圾是二十年前的30倍。
③导致，带来，引起：Hard work produces success.努力工作会带来成功。
④拿出，出示：Produce your tickets.请出示车票。
⑤创作，制作：These artists have produced works of great beauty.这些艺术家创作出了非常美的作品。
More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced to raise people’s concern over food safety.据政府官员称，将制作更多的电视节目来提高人们对食品安全的关注。
product n.①产品，制品，产物：These products are in great demand.这种产品需求很大。
②结果，成果，产物：He was the product of his period.他是他那个时代的产物。
③积(两数相乘后所得的数目)：The product of three and five is fifteen.三乘五的积是十五。
production n.①生产，制造：He was for cutting down the cost of production.他主张降低生产成本。
②产量：The oil companies have lost their power over oil price and oil production.
石油公司已经失去了对油价和石油产量的控制。
In order to increase the production of the farm produce, our government offers a lot of
money to the peasants every year.为了提高农产品的产量，我们政府每年向农民提供大
量的资金。
【拓展】①produce主要指农产品，是一个不可数的集合名词：
We need some fresh produce.我们需要一些新鲜的农产品。
The farmers brought their produce to town early each Saturday morning.
每星期六清早农民们就把农产品运进城。
②product主要指工业产品，也可指农产品，是可数名词：
Our car is a product of that factory.我们的车是那个工厂生产的。
The market sells food products.这家商店出售食品。
Such farm products are cheap.那样的农产品不贵。
有时用于引申义：He saw man as the product of society.他把人看作是社会的产物。
③production通常不表示具体的产品，它主要指生产这一动作或过程，是不可数名词。它还表示“产量”：
The company is famous for the production of small cars.这家公司以生产小型汽车闻名。
Thanks to the good weather, the production of wheat this year will be double as much as
that of last year.由于天气好，今年的小麦产量将是去年的两倍。
profession n.(主要指需要有高深教育或专门训练的)职业：
We should devote ourselves assiduously and faithfully to the duties of our profession.
我们应当勤奋地而且忠诚地献身于我们的职业。
【拓展】professional adj.专业的，职业的，专业性的，n.专门人员，专业人士：
Without professional training, you may pick up lots of bad habits when learning to play the
piano.没有专业的培训，在学习弹钢琴时，你可能会很容易养成很多坏习惯。
His professional career started at Liverpool University. 
他的职业生涯是从利物浦大学开始的。
I’m a professional and I have to conduct myself in a professional manner.
我是一个专业人士，必须以专业的方式行事。
professor n.教授：The professor works as hard as a young man despite his old age and poor health.
尽管这位教授年事已高，身体又不好，他还是像年轻人一样努力工作。
profit n.利润，利益，益处：
I make a penny profit on each orange.我每只橘子盈利一便士。
It has been revealed that some government leaders abuse their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.据透露，一些政府领导人滥用权力和职位为自己获取非法利益。
【拓展】①v.获利，获益(from, by)，使……获益，有益于：
Who will profit most from the tax reforms?税制改革对谁最有利？
You may profit by the experience of others.你可以吸取其他人的经验教训。
All his wealth did not profit him.他所有的财富于他无益。
②profitable adj.有利可图的(反义词unprofitable，注意：non-profitable非盈利的)：
The bottom line is that it’s not profitable.最重要的一点是它无利可图。
It was profitable for them to produce large amounts of food.生产大量的食物能让他们获利。
The newspaper is believed to have been unprofitable for at least the past decade. 
据信这家报纸至少在过去10年中都没有盈利。
The second part analyses the advantages of non-profitable organizations.
第二部分分析我国非营利组织的优势。
programme(Am program) n.
①节目单，程序表：All the actor’s names were listed in the program.节目单中列出了所有演员的名字。
②节目：A radio or television series is a set of programmes of a particular kind which have the same title.
广播或电视连续剧是一套具有相同标题的特定种类的节目。
③活动计划，日程安排：
What is the program for this afternoon?=What is on the programme this afternoon?今天下午有什么活动？
④(计算机)程序：
If you don’t like the program, just uninstall it and forget it.如果不喜欢这个程序，把它卸载不用就行了。
【拓展】programme v. 编程，programmer n.程序员：
Nowadays robots are being programmed to do more dangerous tasks for human beings.
如今，机器人正被编程为人类做更危险的任务。
As a programmer, he always holds a strong desire for his video games to catch on to make himself
gain a firm foothold in the big city.作为一名程序员，他总是有着强烈的愿望，希望他的电子
游戏能流行起来，让自己在大城市站稳脚跟。
progress n.进步，上进：Without your instruction, I could not have made such great progress.
如果没有你的指导，我不可能取得这么大的进步。
v.进展，进行：How is your work progressing?你的工作进展情况怎样？
【拓展】①in progress在进行中：
The road construction work is in progress.筑路工程正在进行中。
②progressive adj.进步的，前进的，渐进的：
That famous progressive thinker was asked to deliver a speech at the meeting.
那位著名的进步思想家被邀请在会议上发表演讲。
This is a progressive course in English study.这是英语学习的渐进课程。
prohibit v.①禁止，不准：That sign means that smoking is prohibited.那个标志的意思是禁止吸烟。
②妨碍，使……不能：
Heavy fog prohibited flying.大雾妨碍了飞行。
His poor eyesight prohibited him from becoming a pilot.
= His poor eyesight prohibited his becoming a pilot.他因视力不好而不能当飞行员。
His small size prohibits his becoming a policeman.他的个子太矮使他不能当警察。
【拓展】①prohibition禁止，禁令：
Since the new prohibition of drunk driving was introduced, the number of accidents in the
area has fallen sharply.自从新的醉驾禁令发布，该区域的事故数锐减。
②参看词条ban和forbid：
A nature reserve for white－flag dolphins was set up in 1992, where boats have been prohibited from sailing around since then.1992年建立了白旗海豚自然保护区，从此禁止船只在这里航行。
The government announced last week that it plans to ban people from using a cellphone 
while riding a bike.政府上周宣布计划禁止人们在骑自行车时使用手机。
His own pride forbids him to ask Arthur’s help.他的自尊心不允许他开口向阿瑟求助。
This place used to forbid parking cars and bikes.这个地方曾经禁止停放汽车和自行车。
project n.①工程：Progress so far has been good. Therefore, we are sure the project will be completed on time.
进展一直很好，因此我们一定能准时完成这个工程。
②计划，设计：His current project is to build a swimming pool.他目前的计划是建一个游泳池。
promise n.答应，允诺：Don’t take it for granted that he will keep his promise.不要想当然地认为他会信守诺言。
Bob made a promise to the manager that the work would all be finished on time.
鲍勃向经理保证将按时完成工作。
v.①答应，保证，允诺：
He promised not to be late again.他保证不再迟到。
He promised that he would come, but he hasn’t turned up yet.他答应会来的，但到现在还没来。
②有希望/前途的，有可能的：
It promises to be fine tomorrow.明天有有望是个晴天。
Every teacher said Mike was a promising boy when in school.
每个老师都说迈克学生时代是个很有前途的男孩。
【拓展】He has promised me to go的意思是“他已答应我他去”，而不是“他已答应让我去”，要表示后者的意思，可用He has promised to let me go等。
promote v.①提升，使晋升：He’s been promoted from assistant manager to manager.他已由助理经理晋升为经理。②促进，推动：
Governments around the world increasingly roll out artificial intelligence to help promote economic
growth.世界各国政府越来越多地推出人工智能来帮助促进经济增长。
③宣传，推销：The company is promoting their new products on television.
这家公司在电视上宣传他们的新产品。
【拓展】promotion n.促进，增进，提升，晋升，(商品等的)推广：
They worked for the promotion of world peace.他们为促进世界和平而努力。
There are good chances of promotion in this firm.这家公司里提升的机会很多。
I have every confidence that he’ll get a promotion soon.我很有信心，他不久就会晋升的。
This year’s sales promotions haven’t been very successful.今年的推销活动不是很成功。
pronounce v.发音：If you have no idea about how to pronounce the word correctly, you may refer to the dictionary.
如果你不知道如何正确读这个单词，可以拿字典做参考。
How do you pronounce this word?这个词你怎么读法？
pronunciation n.发音：
The pronunciation of the English words is quite different from that of the French words.
英语单词的发音与法语单词的发音大不相同。
There are many words that have more than one pronunciation.有很多单词不止一种发音。
proof n.证明，证据，校样：
A grandmother in Chengdu, Sichuan province, who has taken up pole-dancing is living proof that life
doesn’t have to gradually stop when you’re old.四川成都有一位从事钢管舞的老奶奶就是生动的证明：
当你老了，生命不能因此而渐渐停止。
The information sent by the robots from Mars has offered a scientific proof that there existed water on
Mars.登陆火星机器人传回的信息已经提供了火星上存在着水的科学证据。
I’m correcting the proofs of the Spanish edition right now.我正在校正西班牙语版本的校样。
【拓展】The proof of the pudding is in the eating.实践是最好的检验。
proper adj. ①适当的，合适的：Everything was in its proper place.一切均已各就各位。
AI will surely be a feature of future life, but it must be used responsibly and in a proper way.
人工智能肯定会成为未来生活的一个特征，但必须以负责任的方式和适当的方式使用它。
②合乎礼节的，合乎规矩的：
It’s not proper for you to wear a cap while eating.
=It is not proper that you(should)wear a cap while eating.你用餐时戴着帽子是不妥当的。
【拓展】improper adj.不合适的，不恰当的，不道德的：
It’s improper for parents to put too heavy duties on their children.
父母让孩子承担的责任太多是不合适的。
Sometimes, improper use of words can cause big trouble.
有时，不恰当的的言辞会引起很大的麻烦。
proportion n.比，比率，比例：
The proportion of women in the total work-force has risen.
妇女在整个劳动力中所占的比率已经提高。
The proportion of women in middle management has risen to 40%. 
中层管理人员中女性所占比例已经上升至40%。
A survey indicates the proportion of men to women in the population has changed in recent years.
一项调查显示男女人口比例在近几年会有所改变。
【拓展】①in proportion to与……成比例, 与……相称：
Children tend to have relatively larger heads than adults in proportion to the rest of their
body.与成人相比，儿童头部占整个身体的比例相对较大。
According to the new regulation, every employee shall be paid in proportion to their work so that productivity can be increased.根据新规定，每名员工都应按其工作的比例获得报酬，这样才能提高生产率。
②out of proportion不成比例，不相称：
The price of this commodity is out of proportion to its value.
这件商品的价格与他的价值很不相称。
proposal n.建议，提议，求婚：
We are all for your proposal that the discussion(should)be put off.我们都赞成你关于推迟讨论的建议。
All those in favor of the proposal, raise your hands, please!所有赞成这项提议的人，请举手。
After a short courtship, she accepted his marriage proposal.恋爱没多长时间，她就接受了他的求婚。
propose v.提议，建议，打算，求婚：
I propose a toast to the friendship between the peoples of the two countries.
我提议为两国人民的友谊干杯。
It is proposed that a study plan(should)be made as soon as possible.有人建议尽快制定研究计划。
He proposed(marriage)to her on bent knees.他跪着向她求婚。
protect v.保护：It is high time that the government took the measures to protect the environment.
现在是政府采取措施保护环境的时候了。
【拓展】①protect…from/against…保护……免遭……，预防：
You should protect the children from catching cold.你应该防备孩子们受凉。
It has been claimed that wine helps protect against heart disease. 
有人声称葡萄酒有助于预防心脏病。
②protection n.保护，保护物：
The protection of the environment is one of the basic state policies of the Chinese government. 
保护环境是中国政府的基本国策。
In the last few years, China has made great achievements in environmental protection.
在过去几年里，中国已经在环境保护方面取得了很大的成就。
He’s devoted his whole life to the protection of the rare animals.
他终生献身于珍稀动物的保护。
She put on dark glasses as a protection against the strong light.她戴上墨镜以防强光的照射。
proud adj.自豪的，骄傲的：
We are proud of our great motherland.我们为我们的伟大祖国而感到自豪。
My sister of whom my parents and I are proud was admitted to Peking University last autumn.
我姐姐去年秋天被北京大学录取了，这让我和我的父母很骄傲。
【拓展】be proud of=take pride in为……而感到自豪/骄傲：
We take pride in offering you the highest standards.
我们为向您提供最高标准的服务而感到自豪。
Take pride in your health and your figure.为自己的健康和体形感到骄傲吧。
He is always proud of his excellent spoken English; while his sister takes pride in her maths.
他总是为自己流利的英语口语感到骄傲；而他的妹妹以她的数学为傲。
prove(proved, proved/proven(Am))v.证明：
Margaret proved herself to be a good mother.玛格丽特证明了自己是个好妈妈。
The cause he had devoted himself to proved a perfect success.他投身的事业证明是相当成功的。
provide v.提供：He was on the scene and saw what happened, which makes him the only witness who provides an authentic account.他当时在现场，看到了发生的一切，所以他是唯一能提供真实情况的目击证人。
You must provide yourselves.你们必须自备必需品。
【拓展】①要表示“为A提供B”，通常用provide B for A或用provide A with B：Sheep provides wool for us.=Sheep provides us with wool.羊为我们提供羊毛。
②provide against sth.预防某事，防备发生某事：
We must provide against a rainy day.我们必须未雨绸缪。
③provision n.提供；供给：
The department is responsible for the provision of residential care services.
该部门负责提供家庭护理服务。
providing conj.如果，假如，在……条件下，倘若：
He will take the job providing(that)he may do it in his own time. 
倘若他可以在自己的时间内做，他会接受该工作。
Providing there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting next Monday.
假如没人反对的话，我们将在下星期一召开会议。
【拓展】provided(that)与providing(that)同义：
You can keep the book for a further week provided that no one else requires it.
这本书如果没有别人需要的话，你还可以(再)借一个星期。
province n.省：The opening province which consists of 14 coastal cities will quicken its pace of development.
由14个沿海城市组成的开放省份将加快发展步伐。
It is recommended that a new railway be built to connect Ningde and Quzhou in Zhejiang Province.
建议在浙江省修建一条连接宁德和衢州的新铁路。
psychology n.心理学，心理：It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.社会心理学关注的焦点是人与人之间的互动，而不是生活中发生的事。
If we understood the psychology of the killer we would have a better chance of catching him.如果我们懂得凶手的心理，捉到他的可能性就会大一点。
【拓展】psychological adj.心理(学)的：
Always surrounded by honors, praises and gifts, young kids nowadays are easy to suffer psychological problems when things go against them.总是被荣誉，赞扬，礼物包围着，现在这些孩子一旦事情对他们不利，很容易有心理问题。
pub n.酒店，酒吧：Richard used to run a pub.理查德曾经开过酒吧。
public adj.公共的，公众的：Don’t be so noisy; this is a public place.别这样大声喧哗，这是公共场所。
n.(连用the)公众：There was cooperation between the police and the public in catching the criminal.
警方和公众在抓捕罪犯方面进行了合作。
【拓展】in public公开地，公共场合，在公众面前：
Don’t think you are losing face when you make a mistake in public, since no one is perfect.
不要认为在公共场合犯错是丢脸，因为没有人是完美的。
She is too shy to sing in public.她太腼腆，不敢在众人面前唱歌。
publish v.①出版，发行：The dictionary was published in 2001.这本词典是2001年出版的。
②公开，发表：When will the dictionary be published?这本词典什么时候出版？
【拓展】①publishing n.出版，出版业
The publishing house invaded his copyright, so he accused it.
出版社侵犯了他的版权，他提出了控告。
She used to be a teacher, but now she works in publishing.
她曾是名教师，但现如今供职于出版业。
②publisher n.出版者，发行人：
Cassie got himself into an embarrassing situation where none of the publishers would touch
her and publish her new works.卡西陷入了一个尴尬的境地，没有一个出版商愿意接触她，
出版她的新作品。
My father is the editor and publisher of the magazine.我父亲是这份杂志的编辑兼发行人。
pull v.拉，拖，扯：You push and I will pull.你来推，我来拉。
She pulled the door open.她把门拉开了。
Don’t pull my hair.别我的头发。
n.拉，拉力，引力，影响力：
I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。
The tides depend on the pull of the moon.潮汐是月亮引力作用的结果。
Some advertisements have no pull at all.有些广告毫无吸引力。
He has a lot of pull with the managing director.他对总经理有很大的影响力。
【拓展】①常考的pull动词短语，请看下列例句：
The bus dropped me off and pulled away before I realized I had left my bag on it.
在我意识到我包落在车上前，这辆公共汽车已经开走了。
The church, of which the ceiling was covered with colorful designs and pictures, was pulled down by the workers last week.这座天花板上满是多彩的图案和图画的教堂，上星期被工人们拆掉了。
The express from Rome pulled in on time.从罗马来的快车准时进站了。
He pulled off his overcoat and began to work.他脱下大衣，开始工作。
You had better get a doctor  to pull out your bad tooth.你最好请医生拔掉你的坏牙。
The infrastructure project has consumed so much money that we can’t find any financial support and have to pull out.这个基础设施项目花费了太多的钱，我们找不到资金支持，只好撤出。
The train pulled out of the station as scheduled in spite of the heavy snow.
尽管天下大雪，火车还是按时开出了车站。
If you get tired, pull over and rest.要是累了，就停车靠边休息。
His injuries are serious but he is expected to pull through.
他的伤是如此严重但是大家估计他会恢复健康的。
②用在某些俗语中：
— Hey, you fellow! Would you like to come and taste the dishes I have cooked?
—Don’t pull my leg. You even don’t know how to fry an egg.
“嘿，想来尝尝我做的菜吗？”“别开玩笑了，你甚至不知道如何煎蛋。”
I thought we were going bankrupt, but my partner pulled a rabbit out of the hat and we landed a
major contract.我认为我们就要破产了，但是我的伙伴做出惊人之举，我们签了一个大合同。
pulse n.脉搏，搏动：
The doctor took/felt her pulse.医生给她把脉。
It turned out that his pulse beats regularly, which made us relieved.
结果是他的脉搏跳的很有规律，这使我们都松了口气。
pump v.用抽水机抽(吸)，用打气筒打(气)，用泵(或泵样器官等)输送：
They pumped the well dry.他们把井水抽干了。
I tried to pump up my back tyre.我试图给后胎打气。
The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body.心脏的功能是把血液输往全身。
【拓展】n.抽水机/水泵，打气筒：
There was no water in the building, just a pump in the courtyard.
楼里没有水，只是在庭院里有个水泵。
Can you lend me a pump to blow my bicycle tyre? 
您能借我一个打气筒给我的自行车胎打气吗？
punctual adj.准时的，守时的：
—Tom was late for work this afternoon.
—How come? As far as I know, he is fairly punctual.
“今天下午上班迟到了。”“怎么会呢？据我所知，他相当守时的。”
I have said so much but in brief there’s only one thing I want to stress, that is, everybody should be punctual tomorrow.我说了这么多，但简而言之，我只想强调一件事，那就是每个人明天都要准时。
【拓展】punctuality n.守时：
I always go to work on time. Punctuality is my strength.我总是准时上班，守时是我的优点。
punctuation n.标点：It was a very badly-written article—terrible punctuation and lots of spelling mistakes.
这是一篇写得非常糟糕的文章——糟糕的标点符号和许多拼写错误。
punish v.惩罚，处罚：None of the naughty boys would escape being punished by Mr. Jacob if they didn’t obey his orders.如果这些淘气的男孩不服从雅各布先生的命令，他们没有一个能逃脱惩罚。
【拓展】punishment n.惩罚：
If caught sleeping in class, you will have to clean the classroom for a week as a punishment.
如果你被逮到在课堂上睡觉，你就打扫教室一个星期作为惩罚。
The punishment for stealing is going to jail.对盗窃的处罚是坐牢。
pupil n.(小)学生：To be a good teacher, one must first be a good pupil.要作好先生，首先要作好学生。
purchase n.购买，所购之物：
Some of the receipts had been for the purchase of cars.其中一些收据是购买汽车时开的。
If you are not satisfied with your purchase we will give you a full refund.
所购之物若不合意，我们将全额退款。
v.买，购买：The new-found island, measuring 12 kilometres by 7 kilometres, has been purchased by the army as a military base.最先发现的大小为12*7平方公里的小岛已经被军方购买用作为军事基地了。
【拓展】purchaser n.买方，购买者：
The vendor signs a contract with the purchaser.卖方须与买方签订契约。
He has not yet given possession to the purchaser.他还没把所有权移交给买主。
The purchaser of the house will pay the deposit next week.买房者下星期付定金。
The group is the second largest purchaser of fresh fruit in the US.
该集团是美国新鲜水果的第二大买主。
pure adj.①纯的，纯粹的，纯净的：This looks like pure gold.这看起来像纯金。
—Mary was being badly treated when John happened to pass by and helped her out.
—I think it was not a pure coincidence but had been well planned.
“当约翰碰巧路过的时候，玛丽正受到虐待。所以就把她救了出来。”
“我认为这不是纯粹的巧合，而是事先计划好的。”
②纯洁的，清白的：She is pure in body and mind.她身心纯洁。
③纯正的，正确的，完美的：He speaks pure English.他说纯正的英语。
④完整的，完全的，仅仅的，全然的：It was a pure accident.这完全是一次意外事故。
purple n.& adj.紫色，紫色的：
Please fetch the bunch of purple flowers and put it here, for purple flowers look more beautiful
against a light yellow wall.请把那束紫色的花拿过来放在这里，因为在淡黄色墙壁的衬托下，紫
色的花看起来更漂亮。
purpose n.目的，意图：
What was the purpose of his visit?他来访的目的是什么？
She learns Japanese for business purposes.她学习日语是为了做生意。
Her purpose in going to the U.S. is to look for her uncle.她去美国的目的是找她叔叔。
He climbed silently for the purpose of seizing the thief by surprise.
为了出其不意地抓住小偷，他悄悄地爬过去。
She stepped on my foot on purpose, not by chance, which made me very angry.
她故意踩了我的脚，不是偶然地，这使我很生气。
purse n.钱包，钱袋：He had his purse stolen by a pickpocket.他的钱包被扒手掏了。
push n.推：She gave the door a push to open it.她推了一下，把门推开了。
The stores will inevitably end up competing with each other in their push for increased market
shares.这些商场在争取增加市场份额的过程中不可避免地会相互竞争。
v.①推：You can pull a rope, but you can not push it.你可以拉绳子，但不能推绳子。
②逼迫：Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to push them too hard.
鼓励孩子们尝试新事物，但不要把他们逼得太紧。
【拓展】①push for推动，push ahead with推进，push up推上去，增高，提高：
Chairman Xi Jinping and Jong-un held talks, reaching the important agreement that the two sides agreed to make joint efforts to push for continuous new development of China-DPRK relationships in the new era.习近平主席与金正恩举行会谈，双方达成重要共识，一致同意共同努力，推动中朝关系在新时期不断取得新发展。
The government intends to push ahead with its reform program.政府打算推进其改革计划。
That helped push up the price of US assets, particularly house prices.
这帮助推升了美国的资产价格，尤其是房价。
②push one’s luck得寸进尺，贪得无厌，过分：
You’ve had a good run so far, don’t push your luck!你已经够幸运的了，别得寸进尺啊！
Don’t push your luck. I’m not Santa Claus.别贪得无厌。我又不是圣诞老人。
My sister agreed to help out on Saturday, do you think I might be pushing my luck if I asked her to stay for the whole week?我妹妹同意星期六来帮我们。你说，如果我让她再多呆一个星期，是不是就有点过分了？
put(put, put)v.放，置，摆：Put the coat there.把外衣搁在那里。
I hope I’m not putting you to much trouble.我希望不会给你添太多的麻烦。
【拓展】常考含有put的动词短语的意义请看下列例句：
Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket-money to buy Christmaspresents. 
应当鼓励孩子们省下一部分零花钱来买圣诞礼物。
However busy you are, try to put aside at least half an hour each day to practice listening and reading.无论你有多忙，试着每天留出至少半个小时的时间来训练听力和阅读。
She took up a slice of bread, broke it nervously, and then put it aside 
她拿起一片面包，焦虑不安地把它掰碎，又放在一边。
Put away any valuable or breakable objects.把所有值钱的东西和易碎的物品都收起来。
I asked him to put away such foolish ideas.我叫他放弃这种愚蠢的想法。
There are many toys on the shelf and you can use whichever you want, but please put them back when you have finished playing with them.架子上有很多玩具，你想玩哪个玩哪个，不过当你玩完了的时候，请把它们放回原处。
Many people are so addicted to Tik Tok that they can’ t put down their phones.
许多人如此沉迷于抖音以至于他们放不下手机。
Please put down the address before you forget it.请把地址记下来以免忘了。
The army went in to put down a rebellion.军队出动镇压叛乱。
They realized that the problem Ted put forward was difficult to solve.
们意识到泰德提出的问题很难解决。
The regular flight CA9525 for 11:30 am is to be put off due to the stormy weather.
由于暴风雨天气，上午11点30的定期航班CA9525将要被推迟。
I put him off with a promise to pay him next week.我搪塞他一下，答应下周还他钱。
What he said put her off.他说的话使她不高兴。
He put on his glasses to read the letter.他戴上眼镜读信。
They are going to put on the play next week.他们计划下周上演这出戏。
People are talking about the new traffic regulations to be put on in two months.
人们在谈论两个月后将要公布的新的交通法。
Please put on the light.请把灯打开。
“Put on your coat, or you will catch a cold!” This is what my mum often says .
“穿上外套，否则你会感冒的！”这就是我妈妈经常对我说的话。
He didn’t realize that he was injured until the fire had been put out. 
火扑灭后，他才发觉自己受了伤。
He put out the light and went out.他关了灯就出去了。
Don’t put out your tongue at me, you cheeky girl! 
不要向我伸舌头，你这个没规矩的丫头！
Last year the factory put out over six million records.
去年这家工厂生产了六百多万张唱片。
Put up your hand if you have any questions.有问题请举手。
He is putting up a new fence at his home.他正在为自己家搭建新的篱笆墙。
He can put up here for the night.他今晚可以在这里住宿。
Sarah said that she would put us up for the weekend.莎拉说周末让我们住她家。
It is proposed that we should put up a new laboratory building in our school.
人们建议我们应在学校里建造一所新的实验楼。
They put up the posters all around the town to advertise the circus. 
他们在镇上到处张贴海报，为这个马戏团做广告。
This place makes me sick. I can’t put up with it any more. 
这个地方让我觉得恶心，我再也不能忍受了。
Don’t just try to put up with your toothache. Go and see the dentist. 
你牙疼别硬挺着，快去治治吧。
Your call has been put through.你的电话叫通了。
Could you please put me through to the manager? I have something very important to talk with him.请给我接一下经理好吗？我有重要的事情要与他谈谈。
It began with a “self-discovery” process where each of us put through a series of tests to determine what it is that we truly love doing.一开始是一个“自我发现”的过程，我们每个人都要经历一系列测试，以确定我们真正喜欢做什么。
You have put your family through a lot recently.
最近你让你的家人受了很多苦。
Parents are coming back, and you’d better put away these things, or the room is in a mess.
爸妈要回来了，你最好把东西收好否则房间一团糟。
John never put on the dog to show off his money.约翰从来不炫富摆阔气。
When he saw us, he began to put on the dog.他一看见我们就开始摆架子。
puzzle n.难题，谜，困惑：
It took him only ten minutes to solve the puzzle.他解这道题仅仅用了十分钟。
It’s a puzzle where all my money goes each week.我每周的钱都花到哪里去了，真是个谜。
She has always been a puzzle to me.她一直是个令我费解的人。
The firemen were in a puzzle about the cause of the fire.消防队员对这场火灾的起因困惑不解。
v.使困惑，使伤脑筋：This letter puzzles me.这封信使我迷惑不解。
【拓展】①puzzled adj.感到迷惑的，感到困惑的(指心理感受)：puzzling令人迷惑的，令人困惑的(指事物所具有的特征)：
She was puzzled as to what was going on.她对发生的事感到莫名其妙。
Facing the puzzling situation, Tom looked puzzled.
面对这令人迷惑的情形，汤姆看起来迷惑不解。
From his puzzled expression, we can guess that the problem maybe was quite puzzling.
从他困惑的表情看，我们猜这个问题很令人困惑。
②puzzle over苦苦思索，仔细琢磨，为……大伤脑筋：
You needn’t puzzle over every single word or phrase in the book.
这本书用不着一字一句地抠。
They puzzled over the question for quite a while.这问题他们苦苦地想了很久。
③puzzle sth. out琢磨出……的答案：
She managed to puzzle out the meaning of that long sentence. 
她总算把那个长句的意思揣摩出来了。
He was trying to puzzle out why he had been brought to the house.
他想弄明白自己为何被带到这座房子里来的。
④to one’s puzzlement使某人困惑的是：
To our puzzlement, the written record of our conversation doesn’t correspond to what was
actually said.使我们困惑的是，我们谈话的书面记录与实际所说的话不相符。
pyramid n.①金字塔：How the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids puzzled people for centuries.
古代埃及人怎么建造的金字塔困惑了人们好几个世纪。
②(几何)锥体：They built a pyramid of leaves and branches.他们用树叶和树枝堆成一个锥体。