词汇晨读05- 江苏高考英语3500词汇读练测

 江苏高考英语3500词汇读练测(词汇晨读)05
说明：①本系列资料的例句尽可能多地选自高考真题或各地模拟试题；
②凡是形容词+ly构成的副词在本系列资料【拓展】栏目里不予列出。
(cab—chicken)
cab n.出租车，计程车：
I rode to Lily’s in a cab.我乘出租车去了莉莉家。
Shall we walk or take a cab?我们步行还是坐计程车？
cabbage n.卷心菜，洋白菜：
She bought two cabbages/two heads of cabbage.她买了两棵卷心菜。
Give me some more cabbage.再给我一点洋白菜。
café n.咖啡馆：In big cities, young people often go to cafés to relax with friends.
在大城市，年轻人经常跟朋友们去咖啡店放松一下。
cafeteria n.自助餐厅：
Having eaten at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.
蒂娜以前在自助餐厅吃过饭，现在不想再到那里吃了。
cage n.笼，鸟笼，兽槛：
Tom made a small cage to keep the little injured bird till it could fly.
汤姆为了养这只受伤的小鸟做了一个漂亮的笼子，直到它会飞。
【拓展】v.关入笼中或槛内：
I felt terribly caged in that office.我呆在那个办公室里感觉真像被关在笼子里一样。
cake n.蛋糕，糕点，饼：You should put a small amount of salt in a cake.你应该在蛋糕里放少量的盐。
【拓展】a piece of cake小事一桩，易如反掌，小菜一碟(常用于安慰别人)：
Getting rid of him will be a piece of cake.摆脱掉他就是小事一桩。
—I can’t move the bookcase. Could you give me a hand?
—No problem. It’s a piece of cake.
“我搬不动书柜，你能帮我吗？”“没问题，小菜一碟。”
calculate v.①计算：Have you calculated the result?你算出结果了吗?
The couple have calculated that the cost spent in building their new house will add up to ¥100,000.
这对夫妇已经计算出成本花在建立他们的新房子将添加¥100000。
②估计，认为：I calculate you’ll get there in time.我认为你们赶到那里是来得及的。
Scientists have calculated that the world’s population will double by the end of this century.
科学家估计，在这个世纪末，世界人口会翻倍。
③计划，打算：The room is not calculated for such use.这房间不是打算做这种用途的。
④指望，依靠：We calculate on their cooperation.我们指望着他们的合作。
【拓展】①be calculated to do sth.打算或计划做某事：
This advertisement is calculated to attract the attention of housewives.
这个广告是为引起家庭主妇们的注意而设计的。
②calculation计算，盘算，估计，深思熟虑：
Can you tell me on which you based your calculation in detail?
你能告诉我你的详细计算建立在什么基础上的吗？
They made the wrong calculation of their situation.他们错误地估计了形势。
After much calculation, they offered him the job.
经过慎重考虑，他们把这项工作交给他了。
③calculator n.计算器：
The calculator was damaged accidentally, and we needed to buy a newone. 
这个计算器意外被弄坏了，我们需要买一个新的。
call v.①喊，叫：Someone is calling for help.有人在大声呼救。
②叫，点名：I’ll call the numbers.我马上要叫号码了。
③大声叫(某人)来，呼唤：Please call me a taxi.请给我叫辆出租车。
④取名，称呼：
We’ll call the baby David.我们给这婴儿取名大卫。
There is a man calling himself Mr Li waiting for you.有一个自称姓李的先生在等你。
⑤拜访，经常来访：Let’s call(in)on John/at John’s house.咱们去拜访约翰吧。
⑥举行，进行：The president called an election.总统宣布举行选举。
⑦打电话：John left a word with my secretary that he would call me later.
约翰给我的秘书留下口信：他稍后会打电话给我。
n.①呼喊，喊叫：I heard a call for help.我听到有人呼救。
②电话：When you are home, give me a call to let me know you have arrived safely.
当你到家时，给我打个电话，让我知道你已经安全到达。
③(短暂)访问：You should make[pay] a call on your uncle.你应该去看看你的叔叔。
【拓展】①call back回电话，叫回来：
He’s not in. Please call back later.他不在家，请过一会儿再打来。
My parents, after I had taken several paces from the door, called me back and told me in a whisper to take good care of myself.我已经走出门外几步后，父母叫我回来，小声地嘱咐我要照顾好我自己。
②call for要求，需要，叫某人去接(某人)，去取(某物)：
—Mom, guess what? I’ve won the 1st prize!
—This calls for a celebration! Let’s go to prepare a party.
“妈妈，猜猜是什么？我赢得了第一名。”
“这真得需要庆祝一下！让我们去准备个派对吧。”
This problem calls for careful thought.这问题需要好好想一想。
Please call for me when you go; don’t leave me behind. 
你去的时候叫我一声，可别把我落下。
I shall be calling for you at seven o’clock.7点钟我来接你。
③call forth引起，使产生：
Great crises often call forth gifted leaders.危急存亡之际常能产生天才的领袖。
You will have to call forth all your energy to cope with a task like this. 
你必须全力以赴去处理这样一项任务。
④call in请/找来，来访，用电话通知：
A doctor was called inwhen Mother fell ill.妈妈生病了，请来了一位大夫。
Please call in at five.请在五点来访。
How many friends will you call in? 你将邀请多少位朋友？
All the reporters rushed to the telephone to call in their stories when the game was over.  
比赛结束时，所有的记者都冲到电话机房，用电话把采访的情况传递出去。
⑤call off 叫走，取消：
Please call off the dog; it’s barking at the children.  
请把这条狗喝走，它在对着孩子们吠叫。
The teacher began to call off the names on his list.老师开始按名单点名。
Don’t let anything call off your attention from your studies.不要让别的事转移你学习的注意力。
—Hey! I just heard that sports meeting would be called off due to the bad weather.
—Really? It doesn’t look that bad to me.
“嘿！我刚听说由于天气不好运动会要取消。”“真的吗？在我看来可没那么糟。”
⑥call(up)on sb./at some place拜访，看望：
If it suits your convenience, we will call on our former English teacher next Sunday.
如果对你来说方便的话，我们将在下周日拜访我们以前的英语老师
I will call at his office.我会到他办公室去拜访的。
—Did you call on your friend when you were in Beijing?
—No. But I called at my aunt’s during my stay there.
“当你在北京的时候你拜访了你的朋友了吗？”
“没有，但是在我停留在那的日子我拜访了我姑姑家。”
另外：call on号召：
We all Chinese people are called on to learn from Lei Feng, who we think set a good example to all of us.我们所有的中国人被号召向雷锋学习，我们认为他为我们树立了一个好榜样。
Therefore, we call on people to use cloth bags and baskets instead of plastic bags. 
因此，我们号召人们使用布袋子和篮子代替塑料袋。
⑦call out召集，唤起，叫喊，调来：
He called out with pain.他痛得大叫。
Trouble can call out a person’s best qualities.逆境可以激发出一个人的优秀品质.
The fire brigade should always be called out to a house fire.
一旦房屋失火，就应该马上叫消防队来。
I called out her name instantly I saw her.
我一看见她，就喊出了她的名字。
⑧call up(给)打电话，唤醒，叫醒，使回忆起/想起：
Please call me up this evening.请今晚给我打电话。
At what time do you want me to call you up, sir? 您要我什么时候叫醒您？
The sound of the birds called up happy memories of my childhood holidays.
小鸟的声音唤起了我童年假日的快乐记忆。
I saw you before, but I cannot call up your name.我以前见过你，但不记得你的名字了。
⑨call it a day今天就到此为止，收/停工：
Let’s call it a day; I am going back home to have a good rest.
今天就到此为止吧，我打算回家休息了。
I think we have done enough work today. I am exhausted. Let’s call it a day.
我觉得我们今天已经做的够多了。我累死了，咱们收工吧。
⑩call a spade a spade实话实说，有啥说啥，有话直说，直言不讳：
I think everyone should call a spade a spade.我认为每个人都应该实话实说。
calm adj.①(指天气)无风的，无浪的：The lake was calm.湖面风平浪静。
②镇静的，沉着的，冷静的：
The teacher’s voice still remained calm even if she was getting annoyed.
老师即使生气了，但她的声音仍然很平静。
The accident which left 15 people on board dead could have been avoided if both the angry female passenger and the bus driver had kept calm.如果愤怒的女乘客和巴士司机保持冷静，这起导致15人死亡的事故本来是可以避免的。
v.(使)平/安静，沉着：
Calm yourself.请别激动。
The situation calmed down.局势平静了。
Would you please calm the children down? They’re too excited.
你能让那群孩子安静下来吗？他们太兴奋了。
Convinced that his father would come back soon, the little boy calmed down.
小男孩在确认他的爸爸会很快会回来后安静了下来。
【拓展】calmness n.冷静，镇静，平静，安宁，宁静：
I was amazed by his calmness.我对他的镇静感到吃惊。
The wind failed and the sea returned to calmness.风停了，海面上恢复了一片宁静。
camel n.骆驼：Camels have three eyelids to protect themselves from the blowing sand.
骆驼有三个眼睑，以防止风沙进入眼睛。
camera n.照相机，摄像机，摄影机：
This new type of camera is of high quality and is not expensive.
这种新型的照相机质量非常好，而且也不贵。
Their class is equipped with a camera, a TV and a computer.
他们教室装配有摄像机、电视剧和电脑。
The camera moved in on the hero for a close-up sequence.
摄影机向男主角移近，准备拍摄一组特写镜头。
camp n.野营，营地：
Camp sites are usually situated along the coast, close to beaches.野营地一般都位于海滨，靠近沙滩。
He said the refugees would be moved to a tented camp.他说，难民们将被转移到一个搭有帐篷的营地去。
v.(使)扎营(宿营)：
We allow camping in the woods but anyone is forbidden to smoke here.
我们允许在树林里露营，但是禁止任何人在这里吸烟。
They camped out in the woods.他们在树林里露宿。
campaign n.战役，活动，运动：
I think that this campaign will put an end to the war.我自认为这次战役将结束这场战争。
To appeal to the world for help, the stars launched a campaign to help the refugees.
为了呼吁全世界的帮助，明星们发起了一场帮助难民的运动。
Today police launched (= began) a campaign to reduce road accidents.
警方今天开展了一场减少道路交通事故的运动。
can1(could); can’t=cannot v. modal v.
①(表能力)能，会：
Only in this way can we expect to get over so many difficulties.只有这样，我们才能克服这么多困难。
Everyone here can speak English.这儿人人会说英语。
②(表推测)可能：
That can’t be true.那不可能是真的。
Can he be serious?他当真是这个意思吗？
Without your help, we couldn’t have finished our task on time. I cannot thank you enough.
没有你的帮助，我不可能按时完成我们的任务。我再怎么感谢你都不为过。
③(表许可)可以：
Can I come in?我可以进来吗？
You can go home now.你可以回家了。
【拓展】can跟too或enough连用在否定句中的意义：
Such is the kindness of the nurse that the patient can never be too thankful to her.
这个护士是如此的热心，以至于那位患者再怎么感谢她都不为过。
It can never be stressed enough that performance tests have the same importance as function tests. 
性能测试和功能测试一样重要，这是怎么强调也不过分的。
can2 n.罐头，罐子，听头，容器，一罐之量：
This is a can of oranges.这是一罐头桔子。
This stone-forest city, like a huge can, contains everyone and their emotions.
这座石头森林的城市，就像一个巨大的容器，包容着所有的人，连同他们的情感。
He drank four cans of beer.他喝了四罐啤酒。
canal n.①运河：Today the canal is still being used.这条运河今天仍在使用。
②水道，管道：The canals take water to the rice fields.水渠把水送到稻田里。
cancel v.①取消，废除：
We didn’t play football yesterday.The match was canceled.昨天我们没有踢足球，比赛取消了。
②删除：Cancel that last sentence.把最后一句删掉。
③作废，注销，抵消：
I’ve lost my credit card, so I have to go to the bank to cancel it.
我的信用卡弄丢了，我得去银行申请作废。
The ticket shall be cancelled once you enter the cinema.你一进入电影院后，这张票就得注销了。
He wonders if the different influences might not cancel each other out.
他在想，各种影响能不能相互抵消。
cancer n.①癌，毒瘤：
Last year he donated $ 1,000 to cancer research to help develop the cure of the deadly disease.
去年，他向癌症研究机构捐赠了1000美元，帮助开发治疗这种致命疾病的方法。
②弊端，社会恶习/痼疾：Violence is the cancer of our society.暴力是我们社会的痼疾。
candidate n.①候选人：He was the only candidate; therefore, he was elected.他是惟一的候选人，因此他当选了。While all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.
尽管他们都是强有力的候选人，但只有一个人可以被选中担任这个职位。
②应试人，应聘者：
Most candidates passed in grammar.大多数考生语法及格了。
Good job candidates must show a flexible approach to problem.
优秀的工作应聘者面对难题时必须表现出灵活的解决方法。
candle n.蜡烛：You’d better prepare some candles at home in case the power fails.
你最好在家准备一些蜡烛以防停电。
As Mrs Roosevelt put it, I’d rather light a candle than complain about the darkness．
正如罗斯福夫人所说，我宁愿去点亮蜡烛也不去抱怨黑暗。
candy n.冰糖，糖果：
Susan had a sweet tooth and couldn’t resist stopping by the candy shop on her way home.
苏珊喜欢吃甜食，在回家的路上忍不住在糖果店停下来。
canteen n.①食堂，餐厅：
The school canteen has announced that some new dishes will become available to our students.
学校食堂宣布一些新菜将提供给我们的学生。
I think the school canteen should provide more kinds of food especially during the weekends.
我认为学校餐厅应该提供更多品种的食品尤其是在周末。
②水壶：He always brings a canteen with him on a hike.他作徒步旅行时总是带着水壶。
cap n.①帽子：The cap was blown off.帽子被风刮掉了。
②(瓶子的)盖，(钢笔等的)笔套：It’s better to put the cap back on the bottle.最好把瓶盖盖上。
capable adj. ①有能力的，能干的，有才能的，有才华的：
Much as I have travelled, I have seen no such capable man.
虽然我有很多旅游的经历，但我从没见过谁象他一样能干。
②能胜任的：Susan is capable of hard work.苏珊能胜任艰苦的工作。
【拓展】ability, capability与capacity：
①ability的含义较广，主要指人具有从事体力或脑力劳动的能力，并且暗含能够干好的意味。其复数形式表示“才能，专门技能”，其后常接to do sth.或in / for sth：
She has the ability to do the job.她有能力做好这项工作。
He found the company more suited to his abilities.他找到了更容易发挥他才能的公司。
②capability的含义与ability相似，但它既可以指人，又可以指物。其复数形式常常表示“潜在的能力”，其后接to do sth./of doing sth./for sth.：
Our country has the capability to defeat any intruder.我国有能力战胜任何侵略者。
Our capability for sustainable development was enhanced.我们的可持续发展能力增强。
We will concentrate on strengthening basic research and improve our capability of independent innovation. 加强基础研究和，增强自主创新能力。
③capacity指人或物的容纳或吸收能力，其后接for sth. / of sth.：
His capacity for languages is wonderful.他学语言的能力极好。
The hall has a capacity of five hundred people.这个会堂可以容纳五百人。
China’s plan to raise its installed nuclear power capacity by 20 percent this year shows that the country is developing new energy in an efficient way.今年中国计划提高20%的核电安装能力表明我们国家以有效的方法发展新能源。
capital n.①首都，省会，州府：
The new city, Brasilia, replaced Rio de Janeiro as the capital of Brazil in 1960.
1960年，新城市巴西利亚取代里约热内卢成为巴西的首都。
Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu Province.南京是江苏省的省会。
Each state of the United States has a capital.美国的每个州都有一个州府。
②(在某方面有领导地位的)都市，中心：
New York is the financial capital of the U.S.纽约是美国的金融中心。
③大写字母：Write your name in capitals.用大写字母写你的名字。
④资本，资金，本钱：
Land, labor and capital are all productive of wealth.土地、劳动和资本都能创造财富。
The UK will play a huge role in the Belt and Road countries, not just in terms of trade, and capital flows but also people to people flows.英国将会在一带一路项目中扮演非常重要的角色，不仅仅是在贸易和资金流动方面，也包括人文交流。
capsule n.①(植物)蒴果：Capsule is extremely long and thin. 蒴果极细长。
②(内装口服药的)胶囊：He swallowed two capsules at a time.他一次吞下两粒胶囊。
In a way, Pompeii is like a time capsule preserving a frozen moment in history.
在某种意义上，庞贝古城就像是一个时间胶囊，保存在一段冰封的历史。
③太空舱，航空/船舱：
A Russian space capsule is currently orbiting the Earth.
当我们躺着放松和做梦的时候，船舱开始左右摆动。
captain n.①(海军)上校，(陆军)上尉：
A captain is below a general.上尉级别比将军低。
Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second-floor windows, from where he could see nothing but trees.下马不久，上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了。他从那里除了树木什么也没看到。
②船长，舰长，队长：
The captain of the ship was advised to turn back due to a sudden heavy storm.
由于突然来了一场暴风雨，有人建议船长返航。
The biggest surprise for John was when he was chosen as team captain.
对约翰来说，最大的惊喜是他被选为队长时。
caption n.①标题：Can you think up a caption that exactly covers the whole idea? 
你能想出一个把整个意思确切地加以概括的标题吗？
②(插图等的)说明文字：
I didn’t understand the drawing until I read the caption.读了文字说明，我才明白那幅画的意思。
③(电影等的)字幕：
I will show both English and Chinese captions at the third time. 
第三遍的时候，我将既出示英文字幕，也出示中文字幕。
car n.①汽车，小汽车：What kind of car do you have?你的汽车是什么样的？
②火车车厢：This train has a restaurant car(a sleeping car).这火车有餐车(卧车)。
carbon n.①碳：
The more petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we will let off.
我们消耗的汽油和电力越多，我们排放的碳就越多。
If we want a much cleaner world, we should reduce emission of carbon dioxide.
如果我们想要一个更干净的世界，我们应该减少二氧化碳的排放。
The carbon content of steel largely determines its usefulness for specific applications.
钢的碳含量在很大程度上决定了其特定用途的实用性。
Having a no-meat day would be a good way of encouraging a low carbon life-style.
不吃肉日是鼓励低碳生活方式的好方法。
②复写纸：He inserted the paper and two carbons.他放入了那张纸和两张复写纸。
card n.①卡片，证(件)：a birthday card生日贺卡
—Will the credit card do?
—Yes, but I would appreciate it more if you paid in cash.
“信用卡可以吗？”“可以，但如果你付现金的话，我会更感激的。”
As soon as I got to the airport, I realized I had left my ID card at home.
一到机场，我就发现把身份证忘在家里了。
②名片：Could you please give me your card?请给我一张你的名片好吗？
③明信片：I sent her a get -well card.我给她寄了一张祝她康复的明信片。
④纸牌，纸牌戏：He often shows me card tricks.他经常表演纸牌戏法给我看。
Rather than waste time playing cards as usual, I devoted every effort to making a delicious cheesecake.
不是像平时那样浪费时间打纸牌，我致力于做美味的奶酪蛋糕。
care n.①小心，谨慎，注意：Please do this with care.你做这事时请格外小心。
②关怀，爱护，照料：The library is under the care of Mr. Green.图书馆由格林先生管理。
③忧虑，烦恼：He was free from all cares.他无忧无虑。
v.①喜欢，想要：I don’t care to play football.我不喜欢踢足球。
②介意，在乎，关心，忧虑：
Drinking too much is harmful to our health, but people seem not to care.
喝酒太多对我们的健康有害，但是人们似乎并不在乎。
【拓展】①care about关心，担心：
The only thing he cares about is money.他只在乎钱。
Don’t you care about your country’s future?你难道不为自己国家的前途担忧吗？
②care for喜欢，愿意，照看，爱护，关心，担心：
Would you care for a drink?你想喝一杯吗？
They cared for the child day and night.他们日夜照看这个孩子。
How the Party cares for us!党多么关心我们啊！
We don’t care for his safety.我们不担心他的安全。
③take care当心，小心，(of)照看：
Take care that you don’t drink too much.当心别喝多了。
There are fifty patients whom we must take care of in our hospital.
在我们医院，我们有50个病人必须要照顾。
career n.职业，生涯，事业：
I want him to respect me as a career woman.我希望他把我当作一个职业女性来尊重。
I felt sure I’d have to kiss my dancing career goodbye.
我明确感觉到我将不得不与我的舞蹈生涯说再见了。
There’s no greater happiness than that of succeeding in one’s career.最大的快乐莫过于事业上的成功。
careful adj.①当心的，小心的，谨慎的，审慎的，仔细的，细心的：
When copying this piece of paper, be careful not to leave out any word.
抄写这份文件时，要小心不要漏掉任何一个字。
He’s careful with his work.他工作很仔细。
You could have been more careful in the quiz, yet you made too many mistakes.
你本来可以在测验中更细心一些的，然而你犯了太多错误。
The doctor made a careful examination.医生作了仔细的检查。
【拓展】①表示“对……注意(留意)”，be careful后可以接介词of或about，但不接介词 for：
I hope you’ll be more careful of[about] your health.我希望你要多注意身体。
②be careful to do sth.与be careful in doing sth.
不同，前者指注意要做某事，后者指在做某事时很小心/仔细：
He’s careful to read every sentence.他注意读(即不漏读)每一个句子。
He is careful in reading every sentence.他读每个句子都很仔细。
③后接从句时，从句谓语通常用现在时表示将来意义：
Be careful(that)you don’t break it.注意不要把它打破了。
careless adj.①粗心的，不谨慎的：
He is careless in speech.他说话欠思考。
He’s careless of/about his appearance.他不修边幅。
②漫不经心的，不介意/在意的：
He is careless in everything.他对任何事都漫不经心。
He’s careless about money matters.他对用钱的事毫不在意。
【拓展】carelessness n.粗心(大意)：
Whether you believe it or not, it was your being carelessness that caused the serious accident.无论你是否相信，是你的粗心导致了这次严重的事故。
carpenter n.木匠，木工：
It is difficult to hire young people to work as a bricklayer or carpenter nowadays, because they usually think the job, which requires hard work and is dirty most of the time, is unacceptable.
如今雇佣年轻人作为瓦工或木匠是很难的了，因为他们通常认为这项工作辛苦并且大多数时候都很脏，所以不愿意接受。
He is a carpenter by profession.他以木工为业。
carpet n.①地毯：She matched the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour.
她用一些颜色相配的漂亮窗帘来搭配地毯。
②地上一层厚的东西，像地毯铺的东西：A carpet of leaves covered the ground.地上铺满一层树叶。
carriage n.①(四轮)马车：
Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage seized the girl and took her away, disappearing into the woods.突然，一个驾着金色马车的高个子男人抓住女孩，把她带走，消失在树林里。
②(火车)客车厢：The carriages at the back of the train were empty.这列火车后面的客车厢都是空的。The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage where there were already seven other passengers.火车很拥挤，我不得不上了一节已经有七名乘客的车厢。
③货物运费，货运：The carriage will raise the price of the products.运费将会抬高商品的价格的。
carrier n.①搬运者/工，运输公司：
A porter is a baggage carrier.搬运工就是搬运行李的人。
We only use reputable carrier.我们只使用声誉好的运输公司。
②带菌者，(传播疾病的)媒介：
Flies are carriers of infectious diseases.苍蝇是传染病的传播者。
③军车，运输舰：
There were armored personnel carriers and tanks on the streets.街上有装甲运兵车和坦克。
It was on September 25th that China’s first aircraft carrier, named “Liaoning”, was handed over to PLA Navy.就是在9月25号中国第一艘名叫“辽宁号”的航空母舰交付给了人民解放军海军。
The airplane lifted from the aircraft carrier.飞机从航空母舰上起飞。
carrot n.胡萝卜：Contrary to popular belief, eating carrots does not improve your eyesight.
和一般人的想法相反，吃胡萝卜不会改善视力。
carry v.①拿，带，背，提，抱，扛，抬，运：
Would you do me a favor and carry these books?你能帮我拿一下这些书吗？
The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I needn’t have taken the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.昨天天气不错，所以我原本不需要费心带雨伞的。
Carrying more than a light load on your bicycle makes it more difficult to control.
你的自行车上携带超额负载会使自行车不稳而更难以控制。
Do you have enough carriers to carry the boxes?你有足够的搬运工来搬这些箱子吗？
The monkey carried her baby on her back.猴子把她的婴儿背在背上。
Pipes carry oil across the desert.管道将油运送过沙漠。
②持有，带有，佩带：
In Britain police do not usually carry guns.在英国警察通常不带枪。
He always carries some money about him.他身上总是带些钱。
③登载，刊出，播出：
Today’s papers carry full reports of the President’s visit.今天报纸上登载了总统访问的详尽报道。
④有(某种结果)，含有，承担：Such a crime carries a serious punishment.这种罪通常要判重刑。
⑤支撑，承载：This pillar carries the whole roof.这柱子支撑着整个屋顶。
【拓展】①carry away搬走，运走，失去自控，非常兴奋：
The table were carried away.桌子搬走了。
The next thing to be done is to carry away the earth. 下一步要做的事是把土运走.
He was carried away by success.他被成功冲昏了头脑。
②carry on继续，进行：
We will carry on our discussion tomorrow.我们明天将继续讨论。
All of these letters and telegrams, almost without exception, urge that the cause we have been fighting for be carried on.所有这些信件和电报几乎无一例外地敦促我们一直为之奋斗的事业继续下去。
③carry out进行，实施，完成，实现：
Now that you’re in charge of the department, you are bound to carry out the plan.
既然你负责这个部门，你就一定要执行这个计划。
We expect her to carry out her promises.我们希望她履行诺言。
④carry through完成，帮助渡过(难关)：
He carried through the work in a month.他在一个月之内就完成了工作。
⑤carry off赢得，获得，抢走，对付：
She is playing so well this year that people expect her to carry off all the big prizes again.
她在今年的比赛中打得很好，人们预计她可以再次赢得所有的大奖。
She was considering how she should carry off the situation.她正想着怎样对付这种局面.
cartoon n.漫画，讽刺画，卡通片，动画片：
It was in the early 1990s that cartoons began to take off in China, before which there were only picture-story books.在90年代早期卡通片开始在中国盛行，在此之前中国只有连环画。
A newspaper cartoon is an amusing drawing, usually about some event in the news.
报纸上的漫画是一种风趣的图画，通常是针对某一件时事的。
This movie theater often shows the latest cartoon films.这家电影院经常放映一些最新的卡通电影.
carve v.①刻，雕刻：Her father carved a little horse for her out of wood.她父亲用木头给她刻了一匹小马。
②切，(把熟肉)切成碎片(供食用)：
He carved me some very nice pieces of chicken.他为我切了几块上好的鸡肉。
③艰苦创业，奋斗取得(事业、名声等)：
She has carved a place for herself in the fashion world.她已在时装界谋得一席之地。
He succeeded in carving out a career in the media.他已在传媒界闯出了一片天地。
case n.①情况，状况，情形：
If that is the case, you will have to work much harder.如果情况真是那样的话，你就得加倍努力。
②实情，真相，事例，实例：That’s not the case.事实并非如此。
③案件，案例：
The case will be heard in court next week.这一案件下星期审理。
Drivers’ being absorbed in music, according to the analysis of some traffic cases, is the main cause of many traffic accidents.司机全神贯注听音乐，根据一些交通案例的调查，是许多交通事故的主要原因。
④病例，病症：
The small village announced another new human bird flu case last Tuesday, which set off widespread panic
in the area.上周二，这个小村庄宣布了又一起新的人类禽流感病例，这在该地区引发了广泛恐慌。
⑤(常用单)辩护事实，理由：
The police have a clear case against the prisoner.警方对这犯人的控诉有明确的根据。
⑥箱子，盒，容器，套子：
A dressing case a small piece of luggage for carrying brushes and bottles and toilet article.
梳妆/化妆盒是指随身携带的牙刷、瓶子和盥洗用品的小件行李。
【拓展】①in any case无论如何：
In any case, catch the train tomorrow.无论如何明天要搭上火车。
It may rain tomorrow, but we are going home in any case. 
明天可能下雨，但不管怎样,我们打算回家去。
②in no case绝不，决不：In no case should you give up.你绝不能放弃。
③in this(that)case这样(那样)的话：
In that case come a little earlier.若是那样的话，早点来。
④短语in case用作连词可引导条件状语从句(=如果，万一)和目的状语从句(=以防)，也可直接用作状语(=以防万一)：
In case it should rain, don’t expect me.如果下雨的话，我就不来了。
In case you feel nervous during the interview, you can make full preparations in advance.
假如你面试感到紧张，你可以提前做好充分准备。
⑤与in case类似，复合介词in case of也可表示条件(=如果)或目的(=以防)：
People living in the areas where there are a lack of electricity often keep a supply of candles in case of power failure.生活在缺电地区的人们经常在储存着蜡烛以防停电。
In case of fire, call 119.万一失火，就打119电话。
cash n.现金，现钞：
I was going to pay by cash when it suddenly occurred to me that I had left my purse at home.
我正要付现金，突然想起我把钱包忘在家里了。
v.把……兑现：Can you cash this postal order for me now?你现在能帮我兑现这张邮政汇票吗？
【拓展】①cash in兑现：
I’d like to cash in this check .请将这张支票兑成现金。
②cash in(on sth)从中牟利，捞到好处：
The film studio is being accused of cashing in on the singer’s death.
那家电影制片厂受到指责，说他们利用这位歌手的死来赚钱。
③in cash用现金(付款)，by check用支票(付款)。
—Can I pay the bill by check?
—Sorry, sir. But it is the rules of our hotel that payment shall be made in cash.
“我可以用支票付账吗？”
“对不起，先生。但这是我们酒店的规定,应当以现金付款。”
cast(cast, cast)v.
①投，扔，抛，撒：The fishermen cast their nets into the sea.渔夫把网撒到海中。
②脱落，掉：Every year the snake casts (off) its skin.蛇每年都蜕皮。
③投射(影子、目光等)：The evening sun cast long shadows.夕阳投下长长的影子。
n.①投，掷，抛：The fisherman caught a fish at his first cast.渔夫第一次掷钓线就钓到一条鱼。
②(常用单)(目光)投射，瞥见：give a cast with one’s eye用眼瞥了一下
【拓展】①cast/throw a shadow over/on投下一片阴影，给……蒙上阴影：
The parents’ quarrel cast a shadow over the mind of their children.
父母的争吵在孩子心里投下了阴影。
The misunderstanding cast a shadow on their friendship.
那个误解给他们的友谊投下了一道阴影。
②cast aside扔，抛，废弃，废除：
Sweden needs to cast aside outdated policies and thinking.瑞典必须摒弃过时的政策和思维。
③cast away扔掉，丢弃，抛弃：
They cast away the equipment they would not need.他们把不用的设备全部丢弃了。
For some months they were cast away on a desert island. 
有几个月时间他们因船失事而流落在一个荒岛上.
④cast off脱下，解开，摆脱，抛弃：
There was an extraordinary feeling of hope and relief, as if a great burden had been cast off.
有种充满希望和解脱的奇妙感觉，好似卸下了一副千斤重担。
As soon as the bell rang, the captain gave orders to cast off, and the voyage began.  
铃一响， 船长下令解缆绳，航行就开始了。
The fisherman cast off the rope and set the boat adrift.渔夫解开缆绳，让船漂流而去。
⑤cast down沮丧，泄气，气馁(常用于被动语态)：
John was cast down to learn the news that he was rejected by the firm.
知道他被公司解雇的消息以后，约翰很沮丧。
⑥cast about想法设法：
I also cast about for some means of warning him.我也想寻找些方法来警告他。
⑦cast light on使(问题等)较容易理解：
Does this information cast light on the problem? 这一信息会使问题得到澄清吗？
That information may cast light on the mystery.那项情报可能有助于查明那件疑案。
castle n.城堡：
There stood a great castle when we came here last time, which was said to date back to 773 BC.
当我们上次来到这儿的时候，那里有一座城堡，据说这座城堡追溯到公元前773年。
casual adj.①偶然的，碰巧的：
He described himself as a casual acquaintance of the Kennedys’.
他称自己是肯尼迪夫妇的泛泛之交。
Our long friendship begin with a casual meeting at a Christmas party. 
我们长久的友谊，是从一次圣诞节宴会中偶然的相遇开始的。
②临时的，不定期的：
He took casual job to support the family.他做些临时性的工作来养家。
They earn their livings by casual labour.他们靠做短工为生。
③随意的，随便的，非正式的：
As this is a very casual get-together; you can tell them to dress however they feel like to.
因为是随意的聚会，你告诉他们想怎么穿怎么穿。
His casual clothes were not appropriate for such a formal occasion.
他的便服不适合在这样正式的场合穿。
The plan grew out of a casual conversation.这个计划出自于一次非正式的谈话。
She had a purposeful air, and it became evident that this was not a casual visit.
她一副无事不登三宝殿的神情，很明显，这不是一次随意造访。
④漫不经心的，满不在乎的：
He sidled past, trying to seem casual.他悄悄地溜了过去，竭力装作漫不经心的样子。
John was dismissed last week because of his casual attitude towards his job.
约翰上周被解雇是因为他对工作满不在乎的态度。
cat n.猫，猫科动物：
A cat has nine lives.猫有九命(形容一个人顽强的生命力或生存能力)。
(谚语)rain cats and dogs下倾盆/瓢泼大雨
—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.
—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we hadn’t.
“今天早晨雨下得很大。很高兴我们带了雨伞。”“是的，如果我们没有带伞，全身都会湿透的。”
The student did not catch the last bus, what’s worse, it began to rain cats and dogs.
那个学生未能赶上最后一班公共汽车，更糟糕的是，天气开始下起了瓢泼大雨。
catalogue n.(图书或商品)目录，目录册：
The catalogue is under revision.目录册正在修订之中。
Consult the catalogue to see whether the library has this book.
查查目录，看看图书馆里是否有这本书。
catastrophe n.灾祸，灾难，惨事：
Most countries of the world have records of the great natural catastrophes that have occurred before.
世界上大多数国家都有已经发生的重大自然灾害的记载。
catch(caught, caught) v.
①逮住，捉住，挂住，接住：
The thief would have escaped being caught if he hadn’t sold the stolen mobile phone.
如果小偷没有把偷来的手机卖掉，他就不会被抓住了。
He was caught and sent to prison.他被捕入狱。
The nail caught my dress.那钉子挂住了我的衣服。
②赶上，乘坐：We had to drive very quickly in order to catch the train.我们要开快车才能赶上火车。
If we had caughtthe flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。
You needn’t have taken a taxi. Why didn’t you catch the last bus as I told you?
你本没必要打出租车的。为什么你不按照我告诉你的那样乘坐最后一班公交车。
③传染，感染(疾病)，患(病等)：
Fever, cough and headache are the common symptoms of catching a cold.
发烧、咳嗽和头痛是感冒的常见症状。
She caught the disease from a patient.她的病是从一位病人那儿传染的。
④偶然(或突然)撞见，当场抓住：
The teacher caught him sleeping in class.老师发现他在上课时睡觉。
The well-dressed lady was caught stealing in the fashion shop. Strangely enough, she should have done such a thing.那位穿着考究的女士在服装店里偷东西当场被抓了。正是奇怪，她竟然会做这样的事情。
⑤听见，听清，听懂，理解：
—I beg your pardon, but I didn’t quite catch you.
—Oh, I was talking to myself.
“不好意思，我没有听清你的话。”“噢，我(刚才)只是在自言自语呢。
⑥惹得，引起：
I waved my hand to catch her attention, but she just ignored me.
我挥手为了引起她的注意，但是她不理我。
【拓展】①catch at抓住，采纳：They caught at the idea.他们采纳了这个意见。
②catch on钩住，受欢迎， 时兴，流行，领会：
Her coat caught on the nail.她的大衣给钉子钩住了。
I don’t quite catch on to what he is saying.我不大理解他在讲什么。
Being a foreigner, he did not catch on the joke.  
他是个外国人，未能理解这个笑话的含意。
The idea has been around for ages without catching on. 
这个观点已经提出来有年头了，可是一直没被广泛接受。
.It’s a nice tune and will catch on quickly.这首曲子很好,不久就会流行开来。
③catch up(with)赶上，追上：
To catch up with others, we’d better preview the schoolwork in advance and work very hard.
为了赶上别人，我们最好提前预习功课，努力学习。
④a catch-22(第22条军规)(寓意：互相抵触之规律或条件所造成的无法脱身的困窘；不合逻辑的或矛盾的问题、情况；会妨碍、阻挠问题之解决的规章法令)：
—I feel caught between experience and jobs after graduation.
—It’s really a catch-22—without experience you can’t get a job and without a job you can’t get experience.“我觉得毕业后的经验和工作之间有一段距离。”“这真是一个第22条军规——没有经验，你就找不到工作，没有工作，你就无法获得工作经验。”
category n.种类，类别，范畴：
There are different categories of books in a library.图书馆里有各种不同种类的书籍。
You should learn to place things in categories.你应该学会分门别类。
cater v.承包伙食，(为)承办酒席：
Fifty is a lot of people to cater for.承包50人的伙食可够多了。
Who is catering your daughter’s wedding?谁承办你女儿的婚宴?
【拓展】①cater to满足，迎合：
TV programmes should cater to all tastes.电视节目应当迎合各种人的不同口味。
Our literature and art ought to cater to popular taste.我们的文艺应该为人民群众所喜闻乐见.
As the number of old people moving to Florida increases, more changes are made to cater to them.随着移居佛罗里达州的老年人数量的增加，为了满足他们的需要，人们做了更多的改变。
②cater for提供饮食及服务，满足，迎合：
Our restaurant often caters for large banquets.我们饭馆常常承办大型宴会。
Special bus and rail services are being laid on to cater for the crowds
正在安排专门的巴士和铁路交通服务以满足群众的需要。
Nunsmere Hall can cater for receptions of up to 300 people.
纳恩斯米尔酒店最多可以同时接待300人。
Catholic adj.天主教的(教徒)：
This building was modelled after the Catholic church.这座大楼是模仿天主教堂建筑的。
cattle n.(总称)牛：
Some cattle on our farm are shipped to the USA every year.我们农场的一些牛每年都用船运往美国。
【拓展】①是cows, bulls, oxen等的总称，虽为单数形式，但总表示复数意义。
②要表示“牛”的头数，可借助head(单复数同形)：thirty (head of) cattle 30头牛
cause n.①原因：Smoking is one of the causes of heart disease.吸烟是引起心脏病的一种原因。
②理由：He is never absent from work without good cause.他绝不无故缺勤。
v.引起，导致：
Careless driving often causes accidents.开车大意常常导致事故。
Japan has recently announced that it will restart commercial whaling, causing great concern and controversy throughout the world.日本最近宣布将重新开始商业捕鲸，引起了全世界的极大关注和争议。
In the past twenty years, a huge amount of environmental damage has been caused by air pollution.
在过去的二十年里，空气污染已经对环境造成了很大的危害。
【拓展】用作动词时，其宾语后可接不定式(必须带to)作宾补，但不接形容词作宾补，如不能说The news caused her sad，可改为The news made her sad.或The news caused her to be sad.这消息使她伤心。
caution n.①小心，谨慎：
Open the box with caution.小心打开这个盒子。
We urge extreme caution in the use of this medicine, which has not been officially approved yet.
我们强烈建议使用这种药要极端谨慎，这种药还没有被正式批准。
②告诫，警告：He often offered us useful cautions.他经常给我们提出有益的告诫。
v.警告，告诫：I cautioned him against being/not to be late.我警告他不要迟到。
cautious adj.谨慎的，小心的：
They expressed cautious optimism about a solution to the crisis.他们对解决危机持谨慎的乐观态度。
Caution─thin ice.小心——有薄冰。
cave n.洞，穴，地窖：
The cave is inaccessible to the public, high up the face of a cliff which no one can climb.
位于高高的悬崖之上没有人能够爬上去，人们无法进入那个洞穴。
CD=compact disk光盘，激光唱片：He is playing CD.他在放光盘。
cease v.停止，终止，结束：
Were they to cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced.
如果他们停止做广告，那么价格会显著下降。
The citizens are praying that the war will cease soon.居民们祈祷战争快快结束。
【拓展】参看词条pause。 
ceiling n.天花板，顶篷：
Can’t you see the old-fashioned gas lamp hanging from the ceiling?
你没看到天花板上挂着的老式煤气灯吗？
celebrate v.庆祝，祝贺：
We would celebrate the victory together should we win the game tomorrow.
如果我们明天能赢得比赛，我们就一起庆祝胜利。
【拓展】①celebrate与congratulate
celebrate庆祝，只接“被庆祝的事情”而不接人作宾语；
congratulate祝贺，庆贺，只能接“被祝贺/庆贺的人”作宾语(congratulate sb. on sth.)。
To congratulate Jane on having passed the examination, we held a party to celebrate it.
为了祝贺珍妮通过考试，我们举行了一个聚会来庆祝这件事情。
②celebration n.庆祝，赞美，庆典：
In the event (that)our team wins, there will be a celebration.
如果我队获胜，我们将庆祝一番。
He sees the poem as a celebration of human love.他认为，这首诗是对人世间爱的赞美。
A wedding is a joyful celebration of love.婚礼就是快乐的爱情庆典。
cell n.①(监狱的)单人牢房，(修道院等的)单人小室：
He was imprisoned in a one-room cell.他被关押在单间小牢房里。
②(政治活动)小组织：the local party cell地方基层组织/a terrorist cell恐怖分子的小组
③(生物)细胞：Those cells divide and give many other different types of cells.
那些细胞分裂，产生出其他许多不同种类的细胞。
④电池：Suppose we connect a volt meter across a dry cell.假定我们在干电池两端接上伏特计。
cent n.①美分：Sugar has advanced 2 cents a pound.食糖一磅涨了2分钱。
②(作单位的) 百分率，百分之：five per cent百分之五
centigrade adj.摄氏温度的：Water boils at 100 degrees centigrade.水在摄氏100度时沸腾。
centimetre (Am centimeter) n.公分，厘米：A meter is equal to 100 centimeters.1米等于100厘米。
central adj.①中心的，中央的：
A major fire broke out at Notre-Dame Cathedral in central Paris, of which the construction dates back to the year 1163.巴黎市中心的圣母院发生大火，这建筑可以追溯到1163年。
②最重要的，主要的，中心的：Who is the central figure of the novel?谁是这本小说的中心人物？
centre(Am center) n.中央，中心，中心人物：
They ran to the center of the tent to take their bows.他们跑到帐篷中央鞠躬致意。
At the shopping centre, he didn’t know what to buy and left with an empty bag.
在购物中心他不知道买什么，空着包走了。
I used to live near the People’s Park which is the centre of town.  
我过去住在人民公园附近，那是城镇的中心。
She likes to be the center of attention.她喜欢成为引人注意的中心人物。
【拓展】v.①把……集中，使聚集：All his hopes are centered in her.他的一切希望都寄托在她身上。
②(使)居中：Please carefully center the photograph on the page.
请小心地把照片放在页面的中央。
③center on以……为中心：
A study suggests reducing energy demand in the future may center on urban areas.
一个研究表明，将来降低能源需要的中心可能在城市地区。
century n.世纪，百年：
I think that the twenty-first century will bring us more hopes.
我认为二十一世纪会带给我们更多的希望。
ceremony n.①典礼，仪式：
Students and teachers gather together for a morning assembly each Monday to attend the ceremony of raising the national flag.每周一，学生和老师们齐聚一堂，参加升旗仪式。
It is in the hall that the anniversary ceremony is to be held tomorrow afternoon.
周年纪念典礼将于明天下午在大礼堂举行。
②礼仪，礼节：They use much ceremony with each other.他们彼此之间彬彬有礼。
certain adj.①某，某一：
It has been proved that there is a connection between smoking and certain diseases.
已经证实吸烟和某些疾病之间有联系。
There is a certain Mr. Smith at the door who wants to speak to you.
在门口有位想要跟你说话的史密斯先生。
②确定的，无疑的：It’s certain that the earth is round.毫无疑问，地球是圆的。
③一定的，必然的：
She’s certain to do well in the examination.她考试一定考得好。
It is certain that people will not agree with what the manager at the meeting.
在会议上人们必然不会与经理意见保持一致。
④确信的，有把握的：Are you certain of/about that? 你对此有把握吗?
【拓展】①for certain有把握，肯定地：I don’t know for certain.我知道得不确切。
②make certain弄清楚，确保，核实：
Make certain(that)you know what time the train leaves.
你要弄清楚火车开出的确切时间。
③be certain to do sth.与be certain of doing sth.不同：前者主要表示说话者的看法，意为“肯定会发生某事”，后者表示句子主语的信念，意为“自信会发生某事”：
He is certain to win.他肯定会赢。
He is certain of winning.他自信会赢。
④uncertain adj.不确定的，不肯定的，无把握的等等：
It’s uncertain whether they will accept the plan.还不确定他们是否会接受这一计划。
⑤certainty n.确实的事，必然的事，确信，确实，确定性：
We can say with certainty that all of our products are no problem. 
我们可以肯定地说，我们所有的产品都是没有问题的。
⑥参看词条sure。
certificate n.证明，证书：
Nowadays people have to pass various tests for professional certificates so that they can be qualified for a well-paid job.现如今人们不得不通过各种各样的考试以获得职业证书，这样他们就有资格获取一份高薪工作”。
chain n.①链，链条：
No one knows what effects the GM material might have on the food chain.
每人知道GM材料会对食物链有什么样的影响。
②一连串，一系列：
The incident set off a chain of events which resulted in the outbreak of the World War I.
这件事引起了一连串的事件，导致了第一次世界大战的爆发。
v.用链条拴住，束缚住：
It’s time the dogs were chained up for the night.该是把狗拴起来过夜的时候了。
Surely modern women want to be informed of world current affairs; we are no longer chained to 
the kitchen sink. 当代女性当然想了解时事，我们不再只是受缚于家务小事。
At work, he was chained to a system of boring meetings.上班时，他淹没在枯燥乏味的会海中。
chair n.椅子：He rose from his chair and walked to the window.他从椅子上站起来，朝窗口走去。
Won’t you take a chair?您坐好了吗？
Chairman/chairwoman (pl chairmen/chairwomen) n.主席，会长，议长/女主席，女会长，女议长
chalk n.粉笔、粉笔灰、粉笔末：
With a stick of chalk he wrote her order on a blackboard.他用一截粉笔将她的命令写在黑板上。
challenge v.向……挑战，要求……做(某事)：
Up to now, our society has been challenged with limited living space and a shortage of natural
resources.到目前为止，我们的社会一直面试着生存生成空间有限和自然资源匮乏的挑战。
n.邀请比赛，竞赛，挑战：
AIDS is said to have been the biggest challenge to both men and women in the area over the past few years.据说艾滋病是过去几年来该地区男女面临的最大挑战。
【拓展】challenger n.挑战者：
If the challenger wins, he will become the new world heavyweight champion. 
如果挑战者获胜，他将成为新的重量级世界冠军。
challenging adj.具有挑战性的，有吸引力的：
Children exposed to difficult situations are better at handling those challenging tasks.
经常置于艰难环境下的孩子更擅长处理挑战性的任务。
She’s a challenging woman, isn’t she?她真是一个有吸引力的女人，不是吗？
champion n.冠军，优胜者，拥护者，捍卫者：
When he was only a boy, he was expected to become a world champion by his coach and parents.
当他还是个孩子的时候，他的教练和父母就期望他成为世界冠军。
He was once known as a champion of social reform.他曾经是社会改革的拥护者。
He passionately championed the poor.他满腔热情地捍卫穷人的利益。
chance n.①机会，运气：
She never dreams of there being a chance for her to be sent abroad very soon.
她从未奢望能有一个很快被派往国外的机会。
Chance plays an important part in many card games.在许多牌赛中运气很重要。
②可能性：
I shouldn’t look forward too much to seeing Grace at the party; chances are that she won’t come anyway.我不该过多地期望能在宴会上见到格雷斯，很可能她根本就不会来。
【拓展】①v.冒……的险，试试看：
I don’t know if we can get it, but let’s chance it.
我不知道能不能成功，不过我们试试看吧。
She chanced to be in when he called.他打电话时碰巧她在。
②by chance偶然，意外地：I met her quite by chance.我遇见她完全是偶然的。
③take chances/take a chance冒险，碰运气：
You should never take chances when driving a car.开车时绝不要冒险。
We may take a chance on her being at home.也许碰巧她在家。
You take a chance on the weather if you holiday in the UK.在英国度假，只有赌天气了。
Let’s take a chance. There may still be some tickets left.我们碰碰运气看，或许还有剩票。
change n.①零钱，找头：
—I’ll take the blue one. This is twenty dollars.
—Here’s the change. Have a nice day.
“我要蓝色这个。给你20美元。””这是零钱。祝您生活愉快。”
②变化，改变，变动：
It is not until he returned to his hometown that he found the great changes that had happened.
直到他回到家乡，他才发现发生了巨大的变化。
③更换，交换，换车，转车：
Don’t forget to take a change of clothes.别忘了带一套换洗的衣服。
He had to make a quick change at Crewe.他得在克鲁迅速换车。
v.①改变，变化：At this restaurant they change the menu every day.这个饭馆天天换菜单。
The Reform and Opening-up, having passed its brilliant age of 40 years, has changed the backward situation of the Chinese nation and influenced the world.
改革开放，走过了辉煌的40年，改变了中华民族的落后局面并影响世界。
With the wide use of e-business, the way of shopping we were used to has changed a lot.
随着电子商务的广泛应用，我们习惯的购物方式发生了很大的变化。
②更换，交换，兑换：
Why does it take women so long to change a dress?为什么女人换一件衣服要这么久？
Shall we change seats?我们换换座位好吗？
【拓展】①change...for…用……去换……：
You’d better change that shirt for a large one.你最好把那件衬衣去换件大号的。
②change...into…把……变成(换成)……：
We can change ice into water by heating it.通过加热我们可以把冰变成水。
③for a change为了改变一下，换换花样：
Let’s go to a restaurant for a change.我们换个花样，去餐馆吃一顿吧。
④get changed换衣服：
Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to get changed before the party.
莎拉，快点，在聚会之前恐怕你没有时间换衣服了。
changeable adj.(天气)易变的，多变的，变化无常的，喜怒无常的：
How can we adapt to a changeable environment?我们怎么能适应多变的环境呢？
The weather in England is changeable, living up to its reputation.
英国的天气变化无常，名不虚传。
Her moods were very changeable, now laughing loudly, and now sunk in despair.  
她的情绪变化无常，一会儿放声大笑，一会儿陷于绝望。
channel n.①航道，水渠，渠道，水沟：
Ships must follow the channel into the port.船只必须顺着深水处航行入港。
People believe writing poems provides a channel through which they can express their feelings.
人们认为写诗是他们表达感情的一个渠道。
②海峡：The English Channel separates English and France.英吉利海峡隔开了英法两国。
③频道，电视台：I don’t like this show; let’s see what’s on the other channel.
我不想看这个节目，我们看另一个频道的节目吧。
chant v.吟颂，咏唱，反复有节奏地喊叫(或唱等)：
Demonstrators chanted slogans.示威者们反复喊着口号。
The subject of his poem is to chant the praises of labour heroes.他的诗的主题是歌颂劳动英雄。
n.反复呼喊的话语，重复唱的歌词：
The crowd broke into chants of ‘Out! Out!’人群中有节奏地爆发出“下台！下台！”反复的呼喊声。
chaos n.混乱，杂乱，紊乱：
The Libyan people have suffered to the fullest extent the chaos caused by war. China urges Libya to give peace a chance.利比亚人民最大程度遭受了战乱。中国敦促利比亚给和平一个机会。
In the worst-affected regions, many areas remain in chaos, with roads inaccessible, public transportation at a total stop and power and telecommunication networks completely out of control.在受灾最严重的地区，许多地区仍处于混乱状态，道路无法通达，公共交通完全瘫痪，电力和电信网络完全失控。
chapter n.(书中)章，篇，回，时代：
Read the chapter four times, I finally understood the author’s theory．
读了这个章节四次，我最总理解了作者的理论。
The Tang Dynasty is generally considered to be a golden chapter by people worldwide, when the Chinese civilization influenced many neighboring countries.
唐朝是世界人民普遍认为的黄金时期，中华文明影响了许多邻国。
character n.①性格，品质，人格：He has a strong character.他性格刚强。
An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person’s character; however, they are not always permanent.不幸的童年可能对人的性格有些负面影响，但是这些影响不总是永久的。
②特色，特性：
The new buildings have changed the character of the village.新建筑改变了这个村庄的特色。
③人物，角色：
Charles was an odd character whom Kelly had never really taken to.
查尔斯是个凯利从未真正喜欢过的古怪的人物。
What the characters leave unsaid is often more important than what they put into words.
作品中的角色避而不谈的内容往往比明言的更重要。
I find all the characters in this play funny and interesting.我发现这个剧中所有人物都很滑稽有趣。
④(汉)字，字符，字体：Every Chinese character is a story.每一个汉字都是一个故事。
Child as he is, he knows a lot of Chinese characters.虽然他还是个孩子，但是他认识很多汉字。
characteristic adj.特有的，独特的，显示……的特征的：
The leader spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.这位领导者以特有的热情说话。
Each whale has its own characteristic song.每一条鲸都有其独特的歌声。
With the fast development of economy, higher request to the local characteristic food
 industry was put forward.经济的快速发展，对地方特色食品工业提出了更高的要求。
n.特性，特征，特色：
Because a lot of classics were written so long ago, their language characteristics are quite different from those of modern works.因为大量的名著是很多年前写的，所以它们的语言特点和现在著作的是有很大不同的。
Rather than sticking to the principles stubbornly, China is now adopting a new concept in economic policies in a flexible way that shows its own characteristics.中国不是固执地坚持原则，而是灵活地在经济政策中采用新的概念，体现出自己的特点。
Can you describe a distinctive characteristic of this animal?
你能描述这种动物的一项与众不同的特征吗？
Hostility towards outsiders is characteristic of both human and non-human animals.  
对外来者怀有敌意是人类和其他动物共有的特征。
charge v.①收费，收取，要价：
I don’t think 200 yuan for a night in that hotel was expensive. It could have charged you more.
我觉得那家旅馆一晚200元不贵。它本可以向你收取更多的费用。
②指控，控告：
The police will charge him with murder.警察将指控他谋杀。
The suspect was charged with murdering his wife.嫌疑犯被控诉为谋杀他的妻子。
n.①指控，控告：What’s the charge against the prisoner?这个犯人被指控犯什么罪？
②费用，价钱：Your charges are too high.你收费太贵了。
③保护，管理，看管：Doctors have charge of the sick people.医生负责照顾病人。
④充电：Before use, your new mobile must fully get charged.在用之前，你的新手机必须充满电。
【拓展】①in charge of负责管理，主管，in the charge of由……管理(负责)：
The local people are now in charge of Hong Kong, which was once in the charge of the British for one and half a century.当地人现在管理香港了，香港曾经由英国人管理了一个半世纪。
②take charge of管理……，负责……，take the charge of由……负责：
Who will take charge of the company if our manager isn’t here next week?
如果经理下周不在，谁来负责公司？
The company has been taken the charge of him for many years.
许多年来，公司一直由他管理
③表示“收费”和“控告”时，所搭配的介词不同：
charge some money for sth因为某事物而收费
charge sb.with sth.指控某人做某事，因为某事而控告某人
④chargeable可以控诉的，可记在某项账目上的，收费的，可充电的：
He is chargeable with a fault or neglect.他可能因过失或疏忽而被控告。
These debts are chargeable to me.这些债可记在我的账上。
All things in the room are chargeable.房间里的所有东西都是收费的。
charity n.慈善，施舍，捐助，慈善机关，仁爱：
Mary donated half of her money to charity, and spent the other half on her education.
玛丽把一半钱捐给了慈善机构，另外一半用于自己的学费。
My mum was very proud. She wouldn’t accept charity.母亲自尊心很强，不会接受施舍。
We also realize the truth of that old saying: Charity begins at home.
我们也明白了那句老话的道理：仁爱始于家庭。
chart n.图，图表：
Can you read the weather chart?你能看懂气象图吗？
The chart showed us the global output of a factory.这张图表展示了一个工厂的总产量。
Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events.
chase v.追逐，追赶，追寻，追求(常与after连用)：
In order to get happiness, many people chase after reputation or money aimlessly.
为了得到幸福，许多人漫无目的地追求名望和金钱。
n.追捕，打猎：The police are in chase of the thief.警察在追捕那小偷。
chat v.聊天，闲谈：
Then we got chatting together.后来我们在一起聊了起来。
You have no privilege to chat freely in class. The same goes for other students too.
你没有在课堂上随意聊天的特权。其他学生也是如此。
n.聊天，闲谈(指事例)：Let’s have a good chat.我们好好聊聊吧。
I often have a chat with my friends on the phone in my spare time.
在我闲暇时我经常和朋友们在电话里聊天。
cheap adj.廉价的，便宜的：
That restaurant is very good and quite cheap.这个饭馆物美价廉。
—We flew to Beijing last week.
—Oh, did you? You could have gone there by train. it will be much cheaper.
“我们上周乘飞机去了北京。”“哦，是吗？你本来可以坐火车去的，会便宜得多。”
adv.廉价地，便宜地：I was very lucky to get it so cheap.我运气好，买到这么便宜的货。
We’ve all heard how convenient shopping on the Internet is and that you can get things far cheaper.
我们都听说了网购是多么方便，可以以非常低的价格买到东西。
cheat n.骗子，作弊者，欺骗手段，欺诈行为：
My questions showed him up as a cheat.我的问题揭露出他是一个骗子。
 The sheets I’ve bought are a cheat. 我买这些床单上当了.
v.①欺骗，骗取：
We considered him to be our friend, as did many others he cheated.
我们认为他是我们的朋友，那些被他欺骗过的人也这样认为。
②作弊：
I have absolutely no sympathy for the students who get caught cheating in exams even though they were seriously punished.我绝对不同情那些考试作弊被抓的学生，即使他们受到了严厉的惩罚。
【拓展】①表示骗取某人某物，不能直接以某物作宾语，而应说cheat sb.(out)of sth.：
He cheated me(out)of my money.他骗了我的钱。
The company engaged in a deliberate effort to cheat them out of their pensions
公司涉嫌蓄意骗取他们的养老金。
②表示骗某人做某事，不用cheat sb. to do sth.，而用cheat sb. into (doing)sth.：
This politician tried to cheat the people into the belief that he would work forpublic welfare. 
这个政客想哄骗人们相信他是会为大众谋福利的。
He cheated her into marrying him.他骗她嫁给了他。
check n. ①检查，核对：
Have a quick check to see that you haven’t forgotten anything.
快快检查一下，确保不要忘记什么东西。
②支票(=cheque)：The accountant drew a check for me.会计给我开了一张支票。
You needn’t have taken so much cash with you, you know—that shop accepted checks.
你本不必带这么多现金在身边。你知道那家商店接受支票。
v.①核对，检查：Please check and see if the money is right.请你把钱点一点。
Do look out for spelling mistakes when you check your homework.你检查作业时要当心拼写错误。
Please check the date.请核实一下日期。
Mike checked the list again and again to see if he had left anything out.
迈克一遍又一遍地检查清单，看有没有漏掉什么。
②批改：We are checking the examination papers.我们正在阅卷。
③寄存，托运：Have you checked your baggage?你已将行李托运(寄存)了吗？
④制止，抑制：
He was about to lose his temper but checked himself in time.他刚要发火，不过又及时克制住了。
【拓展】①check in报到，签到，(在旅馆或机场柜台)办理登记手续：
Everyone must check in every morning before going up to their offices. 
每天早上每个人进办公室之前，都必须先登记。
Everyone has to check in at the office by eight o’clock. 每人都要八点钟上班签到。
I’ll ring the hotel. I’ll tell them we’ll check in tomorrow.
我来给旅馆打电话，通知他们我们明天入住。
He wants to check in for the next flight.他想登记乘下一班飞机.
②check…in 托运，寄存：I’ll check in my baggage.我将把行李托运。
③check off逐一核对，逐一检查，清点：
I haven’t checked them off but I would say that’s about the number. 
我没有逐一核对过。不过，我可以说差不多是这个数。
④check out(在旅馆)结账后退房/办理退房手续，检查：
Will you be checking out(from the hotel)this afternoon?
你要在今天下午结账退房离开旅馆吗？
Does his story check out? 他的叙述查实了吗？
cheek n.面颊，脸蛋：Her cheeks turned red after she ran up the stairs.她跑上楼梯后双颊都红了。
cheer n.①欢呼，喝彩：
The crowd gave a loud cheer as the singer came onto the stage.歌手一上台群众就大声欢呼起来。
The crowd burst into cheers.人群中爆发出一片欢呼声。
Cheers for getting me that drink, Steve.史蒂夫，谢谢你为我带来的饮品。
The young singer has been burning for a chance to hear the cheers of the crowd.
那年轻的歌手一直渴望能听到观众的喝彩声。
②高兴，愉快：Christmas should be a time of great cheer.圣诞节应是欢乐的时刻。
v.①欢呼，喝彩：The crowd cheered loudly when the President arrived.总统抵达时，群众高声欢呼。
②使振奋，使高兴：He was greatly cheered by the news.他听到这个消息非常高兴。
【拓展】①cheer on鼓励，激励，向……欢呼，为……鼓劲加油
Most will probably be cheering on their favourite players.
多数人大概都会为自己喜欢的球员加油。
②cheer up(使)高兴起来(使)振作起来，打起精神：
I wrote that song just to cheer myself up.我写那首歌是给我自己打气的。
Cheer up, better times may be ahead.打起精神来，好日子也许还在后头呢。
He cheered up at once when I promised to help him.
当我承诺帮助他时，他马上高兴起来。
The ship sailed across the sea for several months until at last the island came in sight, which cheered the tired sailors up.这艘船只在大海航行了几个月之后，一个岛屿进入眼帘，让疲惫的水手们振奋不已。
cheerful adj.高兴的，令人高兴的，快乐的：
You don’t look very cheerful today. What’ the matter?你今天不太高兴，怎么啦？
Jackson is cheerful about his life even if he is suffering from cancer.
即使杰克逊身患癌症，但他对生活很乐观。
cheers int.口语中cheers可用作感叹词，举杯敬酒的用语“干杯”：
Here’s to our friendship and to your health, Cheers! 为我们的友谊和您的健康，干杯！
cheese n.奶酪，干酪：Cheese is made of milk.干酪是牛奶做的。
chef n.厨师，厨师长：Her job is to assist the head chef.她的工作是为主厨打下手。
chemical adj.化学的：The polluted water was from a chemical factory run by local people.
废水是从一家由当地人经营的化学工厂排放出来的。
n.(常用复)化学制品：
Penicillin, a chemical in mould that was first discovered in 1928, wasn’t purified to be used as a medicine until World WarⅡ.青霉素是1928年首次发现的霉菌中的一种化学物质，直到第二次世界大战后才被提纯用作药物。
The effect of the harmful chemicals on the world’s lakes and oceans has raised awareness of the public.
有害化学物质对世界湖泊和海洋的影响提高了公众的认识。
chemist n.①化学家，化学师：He is a well-known chemist.他是位著名的化学家。
②药剂师，药品商：
The woman went to the chemist’s shop and showed the doctor’s note to the chemist.
那位妇女去了药房，把医生写的那张纸条递给药剂师看。
chemistry n.①化学：Applied chemistry is a branch of chemistry.应用化学是化学学科的一项分支，
②化学反应，化学性质：
He’s trying to learn more about the chemistry of lead.他想多知道一点铅的化学性质。
cheque(Am check) n.支票：
Send a cheque for $50 plus $ 2 for postage and packing. 
请寄上一张50美元的支票的支票，外加2美元的邮资和包装费。
I’d like to pay by cheque rather than in cash.我想付支票代替现金。
chess n.棋，国际象棋：He’s bad at chess.他象棋下得不好。
chest n.①箱子，盒子：At the very bottom of the chest were his carving tools.箱子最底下是他的雕刻工具。
②胸部：I have a pain in the chest.我感到胸痛。
chew v.①咀嚼：
You must chew your food well before you swallow it.食物要细嚼慢咽。
One of the rules is that under no circumstances are students allowed to bring food, drink or chewing gum into the school.其中一条规定是，在任何情况下，学生都不得携带食物、饮料或口香糖进入学校。
②思考，考虑，讨论：
I’ll chew the problem over for a few days.这个问题我会仔细思考几天。
There is plenty of time for us to chew over our plan. 还有足够的时间让我们充分讨论这个计划.
We’ll chew on your suggestion.我们将仔细考虑你的建议。
chicken n.鸡，小鸡，鸡肉：
Do you like roast chicken?你喜欢吃烤鸡吗？
Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.
小鸡未孵出，还算不得数(寓意：别高兴得太早了，不要过早乐观，别先打如意算盘)。
Our plan is nothing but a concept by now, so don’t count your chickens until they are hatched.
到目前为止，我们的计划只不过是一个概念，所以不要过早乐观。