词汇晨读01- 江苏高考英语3500词汇读练测

 江苏高考英语3500词汇读练测(词汇晨读)01
说明：①本系列资料的例句尽可能多地选自高考真题或各地模拟试题；
②凡是形容词+ly构成的副词在本系列资料【拓展】栏目里不予列出。
(a—affair)
a(n) art. (a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，an用在以元音音素开头的词前)：
①(泛指)一个：It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.
人们普遍认为男孩必须学会像男人那样勇敢地站起来去战斗。
②(同类事物中的)任何一个或物：A square has four sides.正方形有四条边。
③(与表示单位的词连用)每一：We meet twice a week.我们每星期见两次面。
④某，某一个：I can’t tell you the way to the Wilsons’ because we don’t have a Wilson here in the village.
我无法告诉你去威尔逊家的路，因为我们村没有叫威尔逊的人。
⑤用于某些抽象名词前，使其具体化：
The art show was far from being a failure; it was a great success.
这次艺术表演远非一次失败，而是一次巨大的成功。
⑥同一(个)：Both of us are of an age.我们俩同岁。
abandon v.抛弃，遗弃，放弃，中止：
They first arrived at the town where they were abandoned.
她们第一次来到她们被遗弃的那个镇上。
Finding himself under fire from all quarters, he had no alternative but to abandon his scheme fro the time being.发现自己四面楚歌，他不得不放弃目前的计划。
Fearing further attacks from the enemy, most of the population in the area chose to abandon their hometown.害怕敌方的进一步袭击，该地区的大部分人选择了背井离乡。
He abandoned teaching in favor of a career as a musician.他弃教从事音乐。
They had to abandon the match because of rain.因为下雨，他们只好中止比赛。
【拓展】①abandon oneself to沉溺于，纵情于，陷入(to为介词)：
Don’t abandon yourself to playing football, Jim.不要沉溺于踢足球，吉姆。
He abandoned himself to despair.他陷入了绝望。
②abandoned adj.被遗弃/抛弃/离弃的/废弃的，无人住的：
She adopted an abandoned baby 25 years ago.他25年前收养了一个弃婴。
We found an abandoned car. 我们发现了一辆被丢弃的汽车。
There was an abandoned house by the riverside. 
河边有一所无人居住的房子。
③abandonment n.遗弃：
Today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.今天对儿童和青少年生命最大的威胁不是疾病、饥饿或遗弃，而是暴力的可怕现实。
ability n.①能力：So our schools have a duty to teach them this ability from the beginning.
所以我们的学校有责任从一开始就教会他们这种能力。
②才能，才智：
The purpose of this programme is to develop our interest in English learning and practical abilities in listening and speaking.本课程的目的是培养我们对英语学习的兴趣和听说的实践能力。
able adj.有能力的，能够，能干的：
They are bright, intelligent, able and confident.他们聪明又智慧，能干又自信。
Without them you will not be able to finish the tasks you have before you.
没有他们你将无法完成面临的任务。
The older child should be able to prepare a simple meal.
那个年纪稍大的孩子应当会做一顿简单的饭菜。
A person whose e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.
电子邮件帐户已满的人将不能发送或接收任何电子邮件。
【拓展】①enable v.使能够，使可能：
The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, enabling the students to return to their classrooms.那位退休人员将他的大部分积蓄都捐给了玉树地震中被损坏的学校，使得学生能够重返课堂。
②able的反义词是unable：
E-libraries are more and more popular in that they give us access to books when we are unable to
physically get to a library.电子图书馆之所以越来越受到人们的欢迎，这是因为当我们本人去不了图书馆的时候，电子图书馆却给了我们接触书籍的机会。
③be able to 与can的区别：
◆can表示想做就可以做到的能力，主语原本就具有的某种能力；
◆be able to表示通过努力可以具备某种能力或实现某种状态，重点强调的是要有一个努力的过程；过去经过一番努力设法做成某事也是强调了一个过程，只是这个过程发生在过去,并且成功了或者没成功(was/were able to=managed to do=succeeded in doing can)；
◆can过去式是could，而be able to 可用于更多的时态。
I am able to play the piano.(隐含着一层我需要努努力就会弹钢琴的意思)
I can play the piano.(隐含着一层我本来就会弹钢琴的意思)
Although the fire spread very quickly, we were able to run away.
=Although the fire spread very quickly, we managed to run away.
=Although the fire spread very quickly, we succeeded in running away.
虽然大火蔓延得很快，但我们还是成功地逃脱了。
I could play the piano when I was 6 years old.我6岁时就会弹钢琴了。
One day people will be able to go to the moon on holiday.总有一天人们能够去月球度假。
I am sorry I haven’t been able to answer your letter in time.很抱歉我没能及时给你回信。
abnormal adj.反常的，不正常的，变态的：
We were very surprised at his abnormal behavior.我们对他的反常行为感到非常吃惊。
He is mentally abnormal.他精神不正常。
It is important to make a study of abnormal psychology.研究变态心理学是重要的。
【拓展】abnormal的反义词是normal：
The means was condemned by many as a departure from normal scientific method.
这种方法被许多人指责为是对正常科学方法的背离。
We can start living a normal life again now.我们现在可以重新过上正常的生活了。
aboard adv.& prep.上船(飞机、车)，在船(飞机、车)上：
Welcome aboard this flight to London.欢迎搭乘本班开往伦敦的飞机。
When I am about to go aboard a plane to go abroad, I often think about this.
当我要登机出国时，常常会考虑这件事。
The Indonesian authorities are reluctant to make public the detailed information of the passengers aboard.
印度尼西亚当局不愿透露机上乘客的详细信息。
abolish v.终止，废除：
It was Abraham Lincoln who abolished slavery in the United States.
正是亚伯拉罕·林肯废除了美国的奴隶制度。
Bad customs should be abolished.坏的风俗应当废除。
【拓展】abolition n.废除，废止，取消：
It has been two years since the abolition of the custom.这种习俗已经废止两年了。
abortion n.流产，堕胎，(计划等)夭折、失败：
Abortion is illegal in this country.人工流产在这个国家是不合法的。
They are discussing the morality of abortion.他们正在讨论堕胎的道德性。
His attempt proved to be an abortion.他的企图没能得逞。
about adv.①大约，差不多：She is about fifty.她大约50岁。
②在周围，到处：I am used to going about alone.我习惯于独来独往。
③在附近：There was nobody about.附近没有人。
prep. ①在……各处，到处：He traveled about the world.他周游了全世界。
②在……附近(周围)：He looked about him now and then.他不时地环顾四周。
③关于，涉及：He talked about his family.他谈到了他的家人。
④在……身上(边)：Do you have a lighter about you?你身上带有打火机吗？
⑤从事于：What are you about?你在干什么？
【拓展】①How/What about………怎么样：
How about camping this weekend, just for a change?这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？
What about that matter the other day?早几天的那件事怎么样了？
②be about to do sth.即将要做某事(不与具体的时间状语连用，但是可与when时间状语从句连用)：
They are about to start.他们就要动身了。
Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird.
汤姆正要关上窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引了。
above prep.①高于，高出，在……上方：
A great person is always putting others’ interests above his own.
一个伟大的人总是把别人的利益放在自己的利益之上。
He was a good student and scored above average in most subjects.
他是个好学生，大多数科目都在平均分以上。
The mountain rises 6000 feet above sea level.那座山海拔6000英尺。
②超过，胜过：Health is above wealth.健康胜过财富。
③不屑于，不至于，不会：He is above doing such things.他不至于做出这样的事情来。
adj.上面的：the above statement如上所述(= the statement above)
adv.在上面，在前面：the plan mentioned above上述计划。
【拓展】①above all首先，最重要的是：
To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, above all, honest.
要想成为伟大的人物，你必须聪明、自信，而最重要的是要为人诚实。
②above oneself自高自大，自命不凡：
Ever since they made her assistant manager, she’s been getting above herself.
自从他们让她当了助理经理后，她就开始自命不凡了。
abroad adj.在国外，海外(一般作表语，作定语时一般后置)：
Our products have entered the markets abroad.我们的产品已打入国外市场。
He’s currently abroad on business.目前他正在国外做生意。
adv.到(在)国外：Lydia doesn’t feel like studying abroad. Her parents are old.
Lydia不想去国外留学，因为她的父母年纪大了。
I have heard a lot good things about you since I came back from abroad.
自从你从国外回来我听到很多关于你的好评。
【拓展】at/from home and abroad在/从国内外：
They studied in depth the situation at home and abroad.他们深入地研究了国内外形势。
Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. Attending the ceremony of the 50th anniversary this morning are our alumni(校友)from home and abroad.尊敬的各位嘉宾、朋友们，欢迎光临我们学校！今天出席校庆50周年纪念活动的有来自国内外的校友。
abrupt adj.①突然的，意外的：
Pug’s abrupt proposal gave her a big surprise.帕格的出乎意料的求婚给了她一个意外的惊喜。
The female driver was criticized online after being beaten up for abrupt lane changes.
女司机突然变道遭殴打，引发网络齐声讨。
②(举止、言谈等)唐突的，鲁莽的：
His manner of speaking was quite abrupt.他的说话方式很唐突。
He has an abrupt manner.他举止粗鲁。
③陡峭的，险峻的：We walked down an abrupt slope.我们沿着陡峭的斜坡走下来。
absence n.①不在，缺席，缺乏：
In the absence of my commanding officer, I acted on my own initiative. 
指挥官不在场，我主动见机行事。
It is because of a long absence from school that I am a bit behind the other classmates.
正是因为长时间缺课，我有点儿落后于其他同学了。
In the absence of actual data no reliance can be placed on such figures.
在缺乏实际资料的情况下，这样的数据不可靠。
The police were delayed by the absence of information about the crime.
警察由于未掌握犯罪情报而延误了行动。
②外出期间：After an absence of seven years I went home.外出7年后我返回了故乡。
【拓展】absence of mind心不在焉：
His absence of mind in driving caused the accident.他开车时的心不在焉，引起了一场事故。
absent adj. ①缺席的，不在场的：
Nobody is absent today.今天没人缺席。
The soldier was absent from his camp for three days without asking for leave.
这个士兵没有请假就离开营地三天。
②(作定语，表语)心不在焉的，走神的：
I often do absent-minded things, particularly when I’m worried. 
我常做些心不在焉的事，尤其是在我焦虑不安时。
The first two classes ended quickly because I was absent­minded.
前两节课很快就结束了，因为我心不在焉。
He looked at me in an absent way.他茫然地看着我。
③缺乏的：This idiom is absent in that dictionary.那本词典里没有这个习语
【拓展】be absent from不在某处：
I have a terrible headache and will be absent from the office today.
我头痛的很厉害，今天我不上班了。
absolute adj.①十足的，地道的：I think it’s absolute nonsense.我认为那十足是无稽之谈。
②绝对的，完全的：
That’s absolute nonsense!那完全是胡说！
There is no absolute standard for beauty.美是没有绝对的标准的。
Independent thinking is an absolute necessity.独立思考是绝对必要的。
③确实的，肯定的，无疑的：The police have absolute proof of his guilt.警方有他犯罪的确凿证据。
④不受任何限制，不受任何约束的，有无上权力或权威的：
We don’t like the absolute ruler who does just as he please.我们不喜欢为所欲为的专制统治者。
absorb v.①吸收：Dry sand absorbs water.干沙吸水。
②汲取，理解/获得(知识、信息等)：
I have no time to absorb what he said.我没有时间弄懂他所说的话。
Absorbed in the magazine, you can absorb the latest information.
专注于这本杂志，你就可以获得最新的信息。
③吸引……的注意，使全神贯注：He is absorbed in study.他专心学习。
④把……并入，并吞，同化：
Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses.大多数小店已被并入大公司。
【拓展】①(be/become)absorbed in...全神贯注于……，专心于……：
Absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
全神贯注于绘画中，约輸没有注意到夜幕降临了。
They all became absorbed in technical innovations.他们都一心一意地搞技术革新。
②absorption n.吸收，全神贯注，专心致志，合并：
Exercise can promote absorption of nutrients by the body.运动可以促进身体吸收营养。
He painted the lid of the piano with absorption.他专心致志地油漆着钢琴盖。
The absorption of several small firms made this group even stronger.
合并了几家小公司后，这个集团更加强大。
abstract adj.①抽象的：The article written by the famous economist is really abstract. None of us can understand it.
那位著名经济学家写的这篇文章真的很抽象。我们中没有人能够理解。
②抽象派的：Abstract paintings did not appeal to him.抽象派绘画引不起他的兴趣。
n.①抽象派艺术作品：=an abstract work of art
②摘要，梗概：
In the lecture, the professor told his students how to write an abstract of a graduate paper, expressing the main argument.在讲座中，教授告诉他的学生怎样写一个论文的摘要部分，来表达一个主要的论点。
absurd adj.荒谬的，愚蠢的，可笑的：
The actor’s absurd behavior put an end to the last traces of affection his fans had for him.
那个演员荒谬的行为结束了他的粉丝们对他的喜爱。
Absurd as it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.
虽然它听起来荒诞，在场的每个人都被他在非洲的冒险故事逗乐了。
abundant adj.丰富的，充裕的：
The autumn, is the abundant harvest day.秋天，是个丰收的日子。
Our country is abundant in natural resources.我国自然资源丰富。
abuse v.①滥用：To the public’s delight, a large number of government officials who abused their power have been well punished.令公众高兴的是，许多滥用职权的政府官员得到了应有的惩罚。
②辱骂，虐待：
The organization is urging people to boycott goods from companies that use child labor and abuse animals.这个组织呼吁人们对使用童工、虐待动物的公司的产品进行抵制。
n.①滥用，妄用：
The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse.
政府已成立工作组调查滥用毒品问题。
②辱骂，说坏话，侮辱：
He greeted me with a stream of abuse.他见到我就连声辱骂。
academic adj.①(学院或大学)教学的，学术的：
Their academic standards are high.他们的教学水平很高。
This college has a good academic reputation.这所大学有良好的学术声誉。
②纯理论的，不切实际的，空谈/想的：
It is a purely academic question.这是一个纯理论问题。
The whole thing’s academic now—we can’t win anyway.
现在这一切都是纸上谈兵(不切实际的)——反正我们赢不了。
You needn’t be too concerned about what to wear to the party—it’s all academic anyway, because
you haven’t even been invited yet.你不必为穿什么去参加派对而过于担心啦——这都是空想，
因为人家没有邀请你。
n.大学教师或科研人员，大学生，学者：
The author is an academic with rich experience.作者是一位经验丰富的学者。
academy n.①(高等)专科院校：
He is a student in an academy of music.他是一所音乐学院的学生。
It’s a military academy.这是一所军校。
②研究院，学会：the Academy of Sciences of China中国科学院
accelerate v.(使)加速，促进，增加：
More efforts, as reported, will be made in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural
reform.正如报道的那样，在未来几年将做出的努力，以加速供给则结构改革的速度。
I decided to accelerate our advertising.我决定增加广告量。
【拓展】acceleration n.加快，加速(度)：
He has also called for an acceleration of political reforms.他同时呼吁加快政治改革的步伐。
All spacemen must be able to bear acceleration.所有太空人都应能承受加速度。
accent n. ①口音，腔调：He speaks with a strong Shanghai accent.他说话带有很重的上海口音。
②重音：The word “lady” has its accent on the first syllable. Lady.这个词的重音在第一个音节。
③强调，重点：In all our products the accent is on quality.在我们的所有产品中，最重视的就是质量。
accept v. ①接受/收，录取：
If accepted for the job, you’ll be informed soon.如果你被接受来担任这项工作，我们将很快通知你。
This special school accepts all disabled students, regardless of educational level and background.
这所特殊学校接收所有的残疾学生，不管他们的教育水平和背景如何。
The news that he had been accepted to Beijing University spread quickly.
他已被北京大学录取的消息迅速传开。
②认为，承认：
I do not accept that there is any kind of crisis in British science.我不认为英国科学界有什么危机。
He accepts full responsibility for what happened.他承认对所发生的事负完全责任。
【拓展】acceptable(相当于accepted)adj.可以接受的：
We want a political solution that is acceptable to all the parties.
我们需要一个各方都可接受的政治解决方案。
access n. ①接近，进入：You can easily get access to him.你很容易见他。
②通道，入口：
The system has been designed to give students quick and easy access to the digital resources of the library.人们设计这个系统是为了让学生快洁地使用图书馆的数字资源。
③(接近、进入或享用)的机会：
According to the new government plans, peasants’ children have equal access to public schools in the city at present.目前根据政府新的计划，农民的孩子有平等的机会进入城市的公立学校就读。
It was really annoying; I couldn’t get access to the data bank you had recommended.
这真是令人生气。我不能进入你推荐的数据库。
v.①存取(计算机文件)：
I accessed three different files to find the correct information.
我存取了三个不同的文件以寻找正确的信息。
②接近，进入，使用，获取：
The ladder can be accessed by a ladder.搭梯子可以上阁楼。
You’ve illegally accessed and misused confidential security files.
你已经非法访问并盗用了机密的安全文件。
We can’t access the Internet.我们连不上网。
【拓展】accessible adj.可到达的，可接近的，可进入的，容易理解的，易懂的：
These documents are not accessible to the public.公众无法看到这些文件。
Such information is not really accessible.这种信息不是很容易得到的。
A manager should be accessible to his staff.一个管理人员应该让职员感到平易近人。
This database is only accessible by the authorized manager.
只有授权的管理员才可以访问此数据库。
He is not accessible to pity.他不大有同情心。
His poems are always very accessible.他的诗总是通俗易懂。
The information ought to be made more accessible.信息资料应该明白易懂。
accident n. ①事故，意外事件：Two people were injured in the accident.这次事故中有两人受伤。
②意外，偶然：It is quite an accident.这是一件很偶然的事。
The police found the lost kid by accident.警察无意中找到了那个失踪的孩子。
【拓展】①by accident(=by chance)偶然地，无意中：
I as quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.
我很偶然地发现了他的话的深刻含义。
②by accident of因为……的机会，由于……的运气：
By accident of birth she was rich.她有幸出生于富裕人家。
③without accident平安无事地：We got back without accident.我们平安无事地回来了。
accommodation n.住处，住宿，膳宿：
This hospital has accommodation(s) for 500 patients.这家医院有500个床位。
I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included.
我还想知道我要付多少学费，是否包括住宿费。
What did he do in return for free accommodation and food offered by the kind couple?
他做什么来回报那对好心的夫妇给他提供的免费食宿昵？
【拓展】accommodate v.供给住宿，使适应，容纳，提供，调解：
This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这旅馆可供500位来宾住宿。
One flat can accommodate a family of five.一套单元房可容纳一个五口之家。
We must accommodate ourselves to circumstances.我们必须适应环境。
Her eyes took a while to accommodate to the darkness.过了一会儿，她的眼睛才能适应黑暗。
He tried to accommodate the dispute between his two friends.他尽力调解两个朋友之间的纠纷。
accompany v.①伴随，陪同：
Lightning usually accompanies thunder.闪电通常伴有雷声。
Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
孩子有家长陪同的时候，就允许他们进入体育馆的。
②为……伴奏：Her mother accompanied her on the piano.她的母亲用钢琴为她伴奏。
③附有：The text is accompanied by illustration.正文附有插图。
accomplish v.做成功，完成，达成：
Before you start, it seems that the task is unlikely to be accomplished.
在你没有开始的时候，这项任务似乎不太可能完成。
We tried to settle the argument but accomplished nothing.我们试图解决争端，但没起什么作用。
If we’d all work together, I think we could accomplish our goal.
只要大家齐心协力，我想我们就能实现目标。
I don’t feel I’ve accomplished very much today.我觉得我今天没干成多少事。
【拓展】accomplishment n.成就，完成：
The President of the Women’s Club listed Jenny’s accomplishments
女子俱乐部的主席列举了珍妮的成就。
The accomplishment of the project gave me more motivation and confidence to continue my study.这个项目的顺利完成，是我有更大的动力和信心继续我的学习。
according to prep.按照，根据：
According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer as a woman.
据统计，男性死于皮肤癌的可能性是女性的两倍多。
According to the weather forecast, we’ll have rain tomorrow.根据天气预报，明天会下雨。
account n.①账目，账户：
The state-run company is required to make its accounts as transparent as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.人们要求这家国有公司的账目尽可能地透明，以便公司的员工对金钱的使用加以监督。
I opened a bank account after I made $1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.
我在暑假做兼职工作挣了1,000美元之后在银行开了个账户。
②描述，说明，报导/道：
I believe that is a very good account of what happened.我相信这对发生的情况作了很好的描述。
③原因，理由：He is angry on this account.由于这个原因他很生气。
④考虑：Never leave this point out of account.绝不可将这一点不列入考虑。
v. 把……视作，认为，解释：
The event was accounted a success.人们认为这次活动是成功的。
In English law a person is accounted innocent until they are proved guilty.
按英格兰法律，一个人未经证实有罪之前被视为无罪。
He has been asked to account for his conduct.他被要求解释他的行为。
【拓展】含有account短语的意义见下列各例句：
During the summer vacation, he just stayed at home, doing nothing at all, which accounted for his failure in the first monthly examination.暑假期间他只是呆在家里什么也没做，这就是他第一次月考失败的原因。
The lack of health facilities and necessary protection for medical workers partly accounted for the epidemic of Ebola.缺乏医疗设施和对医护人员必要的保护在一定程度上导致了埃博拉病毒的蔓延。
He has been asked to account for his conduct.他被要求解释他的行为。
The minority nationalities account for six per cent of the population.
少数民族占人口的百分之六。
The President and the President alone must account for his government’s reforms.
总统必须为他的政府改革负责，而且是负全责。
The flood accounted for the bad crop.水灾导致歉收。
She retired early on account of ill health.她因为体弱多病，所以提前退休。
The spokesman stressed that the measures did not amount to an over all ban 
该发言人强调这些措施并不等同于全面禁止。
Our debts amount to(=add up to)over$ 1000.我们的负债总共超过了1000美元。
We must always go into the whys and wherefores of anything. On no account should we 
follow anyone like sheep.我们对任何事情都要问一个为什么，绝对不应盲从任何人。
On no account should the house be left unlocked.离开住宅时千万要锁门。
He will take into account my request.=He will take my request into account 
他会考虑我的要求的。
Coursework is taken into account as well as exam results.
除考试结果外，课程作业也要计入成绩。
The company takes account of environmental issues wherever possible.
只要有可能，这家公司总是尽量考虑到环境问题。
accountant n.会计师，会计：He signed the accountant to enter.他示意叫会计进去。
accumulate v.积累，收集，积储：
As the evidence begins to accumulate, we are convinced that the earth and the rest of the universe are in fact changing with time.随着证据的积累，我们深信地球和宇宙的其它部分实际上是随时间而变化的。
【拓展】accumulation n.积累，累积量：
A great number results from accumulation.积少成多。
accuracy n.准确，精确：
You need to check the accuracy of the relevant information.您需要检查相关信息的准确性。
【拓展】accurate adj.准确的，正确无误的：
I have been convinced that the print media are usually more accurate and more reliable than television.我确信印刷媒体常常会比电视更准确、更可靠。
accuse v.指责，控告，指控：
As long as you do what you can, no one will accuse you even if you fail it in the future.
只要你尽力而为，即使将来失败也没有人会指责你。
I was encouraged to accuse him.有人鼓励我控告他。
The two men were accused of/charged with receiving stolen property, which would probably result in
imprisonment.那两个男人被指控收受赃物，其行为可能要导致他们坐牢。
Her assistant was accused of theft and fraud by the police.她的助手被警方指控犯有盗窃和欺诈罪。
accustomed adj.习惯的，经常的：
I’m accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep.我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。
She was/got accustomed to getting up early.她习惯于早起。
He is accustomed to hard work.他习惯于苦干。
ache vi.痛，渴望：Her head ached all night.她的头整夜都疼。
My hands started to ache as I turned the heavy metal wheels.当我转动重金属车轮时，我的手开始疼痛。
Though having aches and pains all over, he was aching for home.尽管全身疼痛，他仍渴望回家。
n.疼痛：I have an ache in the stomach.我胃痛。
achieve v.达到，取得，完成，实现：
This project requires close teamwork. Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.
这项工程需要紧密的团队合作精神。如果我们合作不好，那将一事无成。
Personally, I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals.
就我个人而言，我曾经尝试过有效的方法来实现我的学习目标。
achievement n.①完成，实现：Such a goal was impossible of achievement.那样的目标不可能实现。
②成就，功绩：
Handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of achievement.
首先处理最重要的任务，这样你会就感到真正的成就感。
③成绩：Schools award scholarships for high academic achievement.
学校向学业成绩优异者授予奖学金。
acid n.酸 adj. ①酸的，有酸味的：
When fossil fuels are burned, gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain.当化石燃料燃烧时，气体释放到空气中，然后像酸雨一样落到地球上。
②尖刻的，刻薄的：His remarks were rather acid.他的话相当尖刻。
acknowledge v.①承认：
We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff.
我们承认，这一变化对一些学校员工来说可能是困难的。
We hope you can acknowledge your mistake in public.我们希望你当众认错。
②认为：
He is widely acknowledged to be the best player in the world.普遍认为他是世界最佳球员。
③告知收悉：
Please acknowledge this cheque as soon as you receive it.收到该支票后，请立即告知。
④(微笑、挥手等)致意：
Acknowledged as one of the greatest pianists, he waved his hands to acknowledge the crowd.
被认为是最杰出的钢琴家之一，他挥手向人群表示感谢。
I was standing right next to her, but she didn’t even acknowledge me.
我就站在她身边，可是她理都不理我。
⑤(公开)感谢：I gratefully acknowledge financial support from several local businesses.
我对本地几家企业的资助表示感谢。
【拓展】acknowledgement n.认可，承认，确认，感谢：
It s strange that some cleaners in our society rarely receive the acknowledgement they deserve.奇怪的是，在我们的社会中一些清洁工很少得到他们应该得到的认可。
The US government made no formal acknowledgement.美国政府没有正式承认。
We are sending you some money in acknowledgement of your valuable help.
我们送些钱来，对您的大力协助聊表谢意。
acquire v.获得，取得，拥有，得到，购得：
As we all know, language skills can be acquired through practice.
众所周知，语言技能能够通过练习获得。
Our company has recently acquired a new office building in Chicago.
我们公司最近在芝加哥得到了一栋新办公楼。
【拓展】acquirement n.取得，获得，学得，学到：
He thinks nothing is more important than the acquirement of knowledge.
他认为没有什么比知识的获得更重要。
acquisition n.①获得：He devotes his time to the acquisition of knowledge.他把时间花在获取知识上。
②得到的东西，得到的人：This motor-scooter is my latest acquisition.这辆摩托车是我最新购置的。
acre n.英亩：The total area of a soccer field is about two acres.一个足球场的总面积大约为两英亩。
across prep.①穿过，到……的另一边：There is a bridge across the river.河的两边有桥相连。
②在……的另一边：The bus stop is just across the street.公共汽车站就在街道的那边。
③表示“交叉”，跨过：
He sat there with his arms across his chest.他坐在那儿，两臂交叉放在胸前。
Body language is particularly important when we attempt to communicate across cultures.
肢体语言在我们试图跨文化交流时尤为重要。
adv. ①穿过，跨过，从一边到另一边：Can you swim across?你能游到对岸去吗？
②交叉：He sat there with his arms across.他交叉着手臂坐在那儿。
act n. ①行为，行动，举动：
Think before acting/Think twice be fore you act.三思而后行。
Duty is an act or a course of action that people expect you to take by social customs, law or religion.
义务是人们期望你通过社会习俗、法律或宗教采取的一种行为或行动过程。
This act had to get a strong support from them.这个行动必须得到他们的大力支持。
A small act of kindness brings a great joy.一个小小的善举会带来巨大的快乐。
②法令，条例：
In 1601, Parliament passed an act, which aimed to provide the poor with more jobs.
1601年，国会通过了一项旨在向贫困群体提供更多工作机会的法案。
③(戏剧的)一幕：
Act II contained one of the funniest scenes I have ever witnessed.
第二幕里有我看过的最搞笑的场面之一。
v. ①行动，做事，举止：Think before acting.三思而后行。
He is thought to have acted foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
表现很糟糕，现在丢了那份工作他只能责怪自己。
②表演：He acts well.他表演得不错。
③担任，充当：A trained dog can act as a guide to a blind person.经过训练的狗可作盲人的向导。
④起作用，生效：The medicine acts on the heart.这药对心脏起作用。
⑤扮演：He acted (the part of) Hamlet very well.他扮演哈姆雷特(这个角色)很出色。
【拓展】①act as充当，起……的作用：
Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students talk over what is bothering them.
有时我充当一个倾听者来倾听我的同学们讨论他们的烦心事。
②act for代理，代表：
The chairman is ill, so I’m asking Mr. Smith to act for him.
因为主席有病，所以我请史密斯先生代理。
③act against违反，违背，做不利于……的事：
Students should not act against their own values.学生们不应该违背他们自已的价值标准。
But he said Beijing cannot turn a blind eye if American troops act against a third party. 
但是他说，如果美军对第三方采取行动，中国不会视若无睹。
④act on按照……而行动，遵行：
A patient will usually listen to the doctor’s advice and act on it.患者通常都会遵照医嘱行事。
action n. ①行动，行为过程：
She began to explain her plan of action to the group.她开始向小组讲解她的行动计划。
Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩(行动比语言更响亮/百说不如一干)。
②行为，所做之事：
Each of us must take responsibility for our own actions.我们每个人都必须对自己的行为负责。
③诉讼，起诉：
He is considering taking legal action against the hospital.他正在考虑起诉这家医院。
【拓展】take action采取行动/措施，行动起来：
We must take action to deal with the problem before it spreads to other areas.
我们必须采取行动，在问题扩展到其他地区之前将其解决。
The manager should take appropriate action if safety standards are not being met.
如果没有达到安全标准,经理应该采取适当的措施。
We had to take action to protect the proprietary technology.
我们必须采取措施保护专利技术。
active adj.积极的，活泼的，活跃的：
Some active measures must be taken to improve the situation.必须采取某些积极措施来改善局势。
Grirmsvom is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Europe.
格里姆斯沃姆火山是欧洲最大和最活跃的火山之一。
activity n.①活动(性)，活力：
Only students skilful at swimming can take up this activity.
只有擅长游泳的学生才能参加这个活动。
②行动，(具体)活动(常用复)：
We plan to expand our business activities in East Africa.我们打算在东非扩展我们的商业活动。
actor n.(男)演员：His talent as a film actor was soon recognized.他作为电影演员的天才不久就得到了承认
actress n.女演员：a famous actress著名女演员
actual adj.实际的，真实的，现实的：
It calls for actual deeds and not flowery language.需要的是实际行动，而不是漂亮的辞藻。
Remember that in actual life, you won’t always listen to standard English.
不要忘了，在现实生活中，你听到的英语不可能都是很标准的英语。
A.D. n.公元：Buddhism was introduced into China about A.D.67.佛教是在公元67年传入中国的。
ad =advertisement n.广告：
I got four replies to my ad about the bicycle for sale.已经收到了四份对我出售自行车广告的回信。
adapt v. ①使适应，使适合：
The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environments.
孩子们的优势就是孩子们能很容易适应新的环境
②改编，改装：His life story was adapted into the movie A beautiful Mind in 2001.
他的人生故事在2001年被改编成电影《美丽心灵》。
【拓展】①adapt(oneself)to意为“适应”，其中的to是介词：
Soon they adapted to living in the country.他们很快就适应了在乡下住。
②adaptable可适应的，有适应能力的，适合的，可改编的：
Older workers can be as adaptable and quick to learn as anyone else.
较年长的工人的适应能力和学习速度有时并不亚于其他任何人。
adaptation n. ①改编本：I bought my son an adaptation for children of a play by Shakespeare.
我给我儿子买了为儿童改编的莎士比亚剧本。
②适应：The adaptation to the environment has helped many animals to escape from their enemies and fit in with the surroundings.对环境的适应帮助很多动物摆脱天敌、适应周围的环境。
add v. ①加，增加：That was adding fuel to the fire.那是火上加油。
②接着说(或写)：I have two points to add.我有两点补充意见。
③加起来，增加，做加法：The child can’t add yet.这小孩还不会做加法。
【拓展】①add in包括：Don’t forget to add me in.别忘了把我也算上。
②add(…)to(给……)增加：
Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money.
也许你认为你可以用更多的钱轻易地增加你的幸福感。
Add fuel to the fire.火上浇油。
③add up加起来：You haven’t added the figures up right.这些数字你没有加对。
④add up to加起来等于，总之就是……：
Your long answer just adds up to a refusal.你的冗长回答简直等于拒绝。
Remember: little steps add up to big dreams.记住：小的积累成就大的梦想。
addicted adj.上瘾的，沉溺于，醉心于：
He’s never thought of getting addicted to drugs and what destructive dangers they will bring him.
他从未考虑过会沉溺于毒品，也没考虑过毒品会给他带来什么样毁灭性的危害。
He was addicted to poetry and hoped to be a poet.他醉心于诗歌，希望能成为诗人。
【拓展】addiction n.上瘾，吸毒成瘾，入迷，嗜好，癖好：
For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an
addiction.对某些人来说，寻求社会认同是如此重要，以至于它变得像上瘾一样。
I discovered an addiction to housework which I had never felt before. 
我发现自己迷上了做家务，之前我从没有这种感觉。
addition n ①加，附加，加法：The boy is still not good at addition.这个小男孩仍然不擅长于加法。
②增加物，附加物：
One obvious advantage to the profession is the addition of money provided by television companies.
这一职业的一个明显优势是电视公司提供的额外资金。
They’ve got a new addition to the family.他们家又多了一位成员。
【拓展】①in addition另外，加之：
In addition, I’ll try my best to prepare breakfast myself, so as to share mother’s daily burden.另外，我会尽量自己准备早餐，以分担母亲的日常负担。
②in addition to除……外(还有)：
In addition to these traditional activities, we have a wider range of choices such as
travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.除了这些传统活动外，我们还有更广泛的
选择，如旅行和探亲访友。
③additional adj.附加的，额外的：
Online dictionaries also offer additional features, such as word games.
在线词典还提供额外的功能，如文字游戏。
address n.①住址，通讯处：
There is a label on the handle with my name and address on it.
把手上有个标签，上面写着我的名字和地址。
②演说，致辞，讲话：
Who will give the opening(closing)address?由谁来致开(闭)幕辞？
I remember my enthusiasm when, at the age of 12, I addressed delegates at the Rio Earth Summit.
当时我12岁，我还记得我在里约地球峰会向代表们发表演讲时的激情。
v.①(在信封等上)写收件人的姓名地址：The letter is addressed to you.这封信是写给你的。
②称呼：How should I address her?我该怎样称呼她？
③设法解决，处理，对付：
The Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that seeks to address the needs of the homeless
population in the United States.无家可归者联盟是一个旨在解决美国无家可归者需求的组织。
adequate adj.①足够的，充分的：
If we hadn’t made adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.
如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会如此的成功。
Even given adequate fuel, the current rate of increase of energy consumption cannot continue for much longer.依据目前能源消耗增长速度，即使有充足的燃料，也是不能维持很长时间的。
②恰当/适当的，胜任的：
I hope you will prove adequate to the job.我希望你能胜任这工作。
He sought for an adequate solution to the problem.他寻求解决这个问题的适当办法。
【拓展】adequate的反义词是inadequate：
The food supplies are inadequate to meet the needs of the hungry.
食物供应还不足以应付饿民的需求。
I felt totally inadequate as a parent.我觉得我作为父亲(或母亲)完全不称职。
adjust v. ①调整，调节，校正：
For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start adjusting to your biological block to the destination’s time.例如，当你上飞机的时候，开始根据目的地的时间调整你的生物钟。
②(使)适应：He soon adjusted(himself)to her way of life. 他很快适应了她的生活方式。
You are so dependent that I’m afraid you can’t adjust yourself to being left alone for a time.
你太依赖别人了，留下你一个人呆上一段时间，恐怕你就适应不了。
【拓展】adjustable可调整的，可调节的：
The adjustable seat can be raised.可调节的座位可以升高。
adjustment n.调整，调节，适应：
Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform.
一些学校将不得不根据国家足球改革做出调整。
China has already reached the point where it cannot further develop the economy without making structural adjustments.中国经济已经到了不作结构调整就不能进一步发展的时候了。
She made a quick adjustment to her new job.她很快就适应了新的工作。
administration n.经营，管理，施政，行政，政府：
You will need some experience in administration.你需要管理方面的经验。
Successive administrations have failed to solve the country’s economic problems.
一届又一届的政府均未能解决这个国家的经济问题。
admirable adj.令人钦佩的，值得赞赏的，极好的，绝妙的：
He said he was trying to find an admirable job.他说他想找一份令人钦佩的工作。
admire v. 钦佩，赞美，羡慕，欣赏：
Having been an immigrant myself, I admire people who go overseas to find a job.
作为一个移民，我很钦佩那些出国找工作的人。
The frozen waterfall has attracted floods of tourists to admire the natural beauty.
冻住的瀑布吸引了大量的游客来欣赏自然美景。
【拓展】admiration n.钦佩，赞美，引人赞美的人或物：
The team felt great admiration for the coach.队员们都非常钦佩教练。
I think that’s earned him very high admiration.我认为那一点为他赢得了极高的赞誉。
He was lost in admiration of the beauty of the scene.他对风景之美赞不绝口。 
admission n. ①准入，接纳，入学：
He has the requirements for admission into the university.他具备了进入该大学的条件。
②入场费，入学费：
Admission to the lecture is $10.本场演讲入场费为10美元。
Competition for entry to these programs is keen, and applicants need above-average grades to gain admission.参加这些节目的竞争是激烈的，申请者需高于平均成绩才能得到入场卷(参加竞争)。
The rising admission prices of scenic attractions may cast a shadow over your plans for the coming holiday.景区门票价格的上涨也许会给你即将到来的度假计划笼罩上阴影。
③承认，招供：He made a full admission of his crime.他全盘招供他的罪行。
【拓展】gain admission to获准进入，录取：
She failed to gain admission to the university of her choice, which made her upset.
她未能如愿进入选择的那所大学，这让她感到苦恼。
John worked hard at his lessons and gained admission to a famous university last year.
约翰学习很努力，去年被一个著名的大学录取了。
admit v.①承认：This meant admitting defeat.这就意味着承认失败了。
I don’t really like the author, although I have to admit(that)his books are very exciting.
尽管我得承认这本书很精彩，但是我并不喜欢这本书的作者。(接名词从句作宾语)
He admitted having made a serious mistake.他承认犯了一个严重的错误。(接动名词作宾语)
②接纳，招收：They are all admitted to college.他们都进了大学。
③让……进入：Each ticket admits two people to the party.每张票可供两个人入场参加聚会。
【拓展】admit of容许：
It admits of no other explanation.这不容作其他解释。
Your fault does not admit of any excuse.你的过失不容辩白。
adolescent n.青少年，少男，少女：
How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups?
青少年同龄人群体与儿童同龄人群体有何区别？
adj.青春期的，青少年的，少男的，少女的：
She says that risk-taking is normal adolescent behavior.她说冒险是青春期的正常表现。
I still remember my adolescent life.我仍然记得我青少年时期的生活。
The adolescent period is one’s best time.青少年时期是一个人最美好的一段时光。
adopt v.①收养，领养：
She was left an orphan and a poor peasant woman adopted her.
她成了孤儿，一位贫穷的农妇女收养了她。
②采取，采用：
Women should not adopt their husbands’ family names after marriage.妇女婚后不应采用丈夫的姓。
【拓展】adoption采用，采纳，收养：
The adoption of the new technology improved the production.新技术的采用增加了产量。
The adoption of this policy would relieve the unions of a tremendous burden.
采纳这一政策将会减轻工会的沉重负担。
He was pleased by the adoption of a little girl.他对收养了一个女孩感到高兴。
They resigned their child to an adoption agency.他们把自己的孩子交给了一家收养机构。
adore v.爱慕，敬爱，崇拜，非常喜欢：
The rich Chinese no longer adore the well-known brands, but pay more attention to the creativity and quality of products.中国有钱人不再崇拜名牌了，而是更关注产品的创意和质量。
She adores going to the volleyball match.她非常喜欢看排球比赛。
adult n.成年人：This novel is suitable for adults.这本小说适合成年人看。
Admission for adults is three dollars.成年人入场费是3美元。
adj.成年的，成熟的(只作定语)：
He spent his adult life in Canada.他在加拿大度过了他的成年时期。
Children are not admitted, for this is an adult film.儿童不得入内观看，因为这是一部成人电影。
Can you try and be a little more adult about this?你能不能试着更理智一点地看待这件事？
His behavior is not particularly adult.他的举止行为还不太成熟。
advance v. ①前进，进展：The work didn’t advance at all.工作一点没有进展。
②提升，上涨：Stock market prices continue to advance.股票市场价格继续上涨。
③推进，促进：advance the growth of wheat促进小麦的生长
④提早，提前(日期)：
The date of the meeting was advanced from 10 to 3 June.会议日期已由6月10日提前到6月3日。
Can you advance me two dollars on my salary?你能从我的工资中预支给我两块钱吗？
n.前进，进展，进步：
China has made great advances in industry.中国在工业方面进步很大。
Advance in the jungle was very slow.在丛林中行进很慢。
There have been great progresses in medicine in the past decade.
在过去十年里，医学取得了巨大的进步。
She asked for an advance on her salary.她请求预支薪水。
In the near future more advances in the robot technology will be make by scientists.
在不久的将来，科学家们将会在机器人技术上取得更大的进步。
【拓展】①in advance事先，提前：The rent must be paid in advance.租金必须预付。
I’d appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
如果你能提前让我知道你是否回来我将感激不尽。
②in advance of在……前头：He is far in advance of his class.他在班上遥遥领先。
③advanced先进的，高等的，高深的：
In the morning on your arrival, we will show you around our school and introduce our most advanced science lab to you.在您到达的那天早上，我们将带您参观我们的学校，并向您介绍我们最先进的科学实验室。
Material used for moral education can be found in advanced maths.
高等数学知识中包含了思想品德教育的内容和信息。
advantage n.优点，优势，好处，利益，益处：
There are several advantages in city life.都市生活有几个优点。
There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能够用英语和外国人交流。
【拓展】①have an advantage over优于，比……占有优势：
He thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding.他认为滚动比滑动有明显的优势。
②take advantage of利用，欺骗，占便宜：
I’m going to take advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。
He has always been taking advantage of me.他老是占我的便宜。
③advantage的反义词是disadvantage：
Being the eldest child in the family has its disadvantages.做家里最大的孩子有其缺点。
At the same time, other people claim this seems to be a great disadvantage to children.
同时，另一些人认为这会对孩子不利。
adventure n.冒险，冒险活动，奇遇：
Life can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy.生活是如此美好，充满了冒险和欢乐。
It was a hot afternoon and we decided to have an adventure in Stephanie’s basement.
那是一个炎热的下午，我们决定去斯蒂芬妮的地下室来次冒险。
Sherlock Holmes had many adventures.福尔摩斯有过很多奇遇。
【拓展】v. 冒……的危险：
He adventured his life to save the drowning girl.他冒着生命危险去救那个溺水的女孩。
advertise v. ①登广告，做广告，做宣传：
We don’t actually advertise very much.我们不多做广告。
He advertised for a secretary.他登广告招聘一名秘书。
I wouldn’t advertise the fact that you don’t have a work permit.
我不会向外声张你没有工作许可证这件事。
②为……做广告：
If you want to sell your product you must advertise it.你要想卖掉你的产品，你就得为此登广告。
Jobs are advertised in the papers.在报纸上有招聘广告。
We have advertised for a secondhand motor-car.我们用广告征求一辆二手摩托车。
I’m calling about the apartment you advertised the other day. Could you tell me more about it?
我打电话是想了解一下你们日前做广告的公寓楼的情况。请您给说详细点，好吗？
【拓展】n. advertisers广告商：
Advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach high-income consumers.
广告商愿意为高收入消费者支付高额费用。
advertisement n.广告：The offer introduced in your advertisement sounds attractive to me.
贵公司广告中介绍的报价对我来说很有吸引力。
advice n.忠告，建议，意见：
Let me give you a piece of advice.我给你进一句忠言吧。
He decided to ask Mr. Clay for advice, who usually had opinions on most things.
他决定征求克莱先生的意见，他通常对大多数事情都有自己的见解。
advise v. ①忠告，建议：
What does the author advise you to do to pay the high cost of college?
作者建议你做什么来支付高昂的大学费用？
Therefore, students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible.因此，应建议学生尽快报名。
②通知，告知：
He advised me that I won the prize.他通知我得奖了。
Could you advise us of the arrival of the goods?货物到达时，请通知我们好吗？
③劝告，劝说：They advised her against marrying quickly.他们劝她不要太快结婚。
【拓展】adviser n.顾问，提供意见者：
A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing.
一个负责任的顾问比写作知识更重要。
advocate v.提倡，鼓吹，主张：
In the questionnaire, the subjects are questioned whether they advocate banning cars in the city center.
在问卷调查中，被试被询问是否提倡在市中心禁止车辆行驶这一主张。
He advocates building more schools.他主张多建几所学校。
【拓展】该词还可以作为名词：提倡者，鼓吹者：
He is a strong advocate of the new method of teaching.他是新教学方法的积极倡导者。
affair n. ①事情，事件，事务，事态：
They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to deal with their affairs.
他们不仅学会了如何经营咖啡店，还学会了如何处理自己的事情。
Because of this special experience, he was chosen to be an assistant to the president for energy affairs.
由于这种特殊的经验，他被选为总统能源事务助理。
②风流韵事：He was accusing his girl friend of having an affair with another man.
他指责他的女朋友与另一个男人有染。