词汇晨读04- 江苏高考英语3500词汇读练测

 江苏高考英语3500词汇读练测(词汇晨读)04
说明：①本系列资料的例句尽可能多地选自高考真题或各地模拟试题；
②凡是形容词+ly构成的副词在本系列资料【拓展】栏目里不予列出。
(baby—bye)
baby n.婴儿，孩子，宝贝儿，孩子气：
She gave birth to a fine healthy baby.她生了一个健康漂亮的婴儿。
Though most companies allow women to leave their jobs for a short time to have a baby, they expect women with babies to give up their jobs.虽然大多数公司都允许女性在短期内离开工作岗位生孩子，但他们希望有孩子的女性放弃工作。
Baby, come on, let’s go home, I’m tired.宝贝儿，快点儿，我们回家吧，我累了。
Don’t be such a baby.别那么孩子气。
【拓展】(作定语)小型，微型，婴儿用的：She has a baby car.她有一辆微型汽车。
bachelor n.①单身汉：He remained a bachelor all his life.他做了一辈子单身汉。
②学士：We offer a wide choice of bachelor’s degrees for international students
我们为国际学生提供多种学士学位选择。
back adv.回(原处)，向后：She walked away without looking back.她头都没回就走了。
adj.后面的：He came in by the back door.他从后门进来。
n.背，后部：Let’s go round to the back.让我们绕到后面去。
v.支持，后退：
Some analysts suspected that the rebellion was backed and financed by a western country.
一些分析人士怀疑，这场叛乱是由一个西方国家支持和资助的。
You’ll have to back the car up into the garage.你得倒车，开进车库。
【拓展】动词back所构成的动词短语的意义：
He appears to have backed himself into a tight corner.他似乎已把自己逼入了困境。
He promised to help me and then backed out.他许诺了帮助我，然后又反悔了(退缩了)。
The policeman wouldn’t have believed me if you hadn’t backed me up. 
如果当时你不支持我，警察是不会相信我的。
I backed up carefully until I felt the wall against my back.  
我小心翼翼地后退，直到感觉后背碰到了墙壁。
He’s backing away from the policies and style of his predecessor.
他正脱离其前任的政策和风格。
Don’t back away from this chance.不要放弃这个机会。
background n.背景，幕后：
I’ll need a bit more background information.我需要再了解一点背景情况。
During his last lecture, the scientist found it easier to explain the theory to those with some background knowledge.在最后一次讲座中，这位科学家发现向那些有一定背景知识的人解释这个理论更容易。
backward(s)
adj.向后的，落后的：
The Reform and Opening-up, having passed its brilliant age of 40 years, has changed the backward situation of the Chinese nation and influenced the world.改革开放，走过了辉煌的40年，改变了中华民族的落后局面并影响世界。
adv.向后地，相反地(=backwards)：Your hat is on backwards.你把帽子戴倒了。
It does not matter that you are a slow walker as long as you never walk backwards.
你走的慢没有关系，只要你不往回走。
bacon n.咸猪肉，熏猪肉：I’ll give you a slice of bacon.我给你一片熏猪肉；
bad(worse, worst) adj.
①坏的，不好的：
She now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea.她现在认为养外国宠物是个坏主意
Bad news has wings.(谚语)(好事不出门)坏事传千里/坏消息不胫而走。
②有害的：Smoking is bad for your health.抽烟有害健康。
③腐烂的，变质的：Don’t eat bad fish.不要吃腐烂的鱼。
④严重的，厉害的，糟糕的：
He has got a bad cold.他患了重感冒。
Follow your doctor’s advice, or your cough will get worse.听医生的嘱咐，否则你会咳得更厉害。
Ignoring the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
忽视这两项研究结果的差异将会是你所犯的最糟糕的错误之一。
【拓展1】①from bad to worse每况愈下，越来越糟，越来越坏：
The service in this hotel goes from bad to worse.这个旅店的服务每况愈下。
Things seem to be going from bad to worse nowadays.现在情况似乎越来越糟了。
His temper is going from bad to worse these days.这些日子，他的脾气愈变愈坏。
②What’s worse/Worse still糟糕的是：
And what’s worse, the number of short-sighted students ranks first across the whole world.
更糟糕的是，近视学生的数量在全世界排名第一。
Worse still, we got lost in the dark.
更糟的是，我们在黑暗中又迷路了。
【拓展2】其副词badly有多重意思：
①不好地，恶劣地：She did badly in the exams.她考试成绩很糟。
②大大地，严重地：The bridge was badly damaged by the flood.桥被洪水损坏得很严重。
③非常，极度：
He wants to go abroad badly.他非常想出国。
She was badly hurt when she fell from the ladder.她从梯子上跌下来，伤得很厉害。
④badly off贫穷的(其反义词为well off)：
To keep Chinese economy going on, the government has established an employment service system for badly off jobless urban residents.为了使中国经济继续发展，政府已经为贫穷的失业的城市居民建立了一个就业服务系统。
Most of these people aren’t very well off.这些人大都不算太富裕。
badminton n.羽毛球：The kids are playing badminton.孩子们在打羽毛球。
bag n.书包，提包，袋子：She carried the bag upstairs.她把袋子扛到了楼上。
baggage n.行李：How much baggage do you have?你有多少行李？
I have five pieces of baggage.我有5件行李。
bake v.烤，烘(面包)：
He quickly learned what was the best way to bake his cakes.他很快就学会了烤蛋糕的最好方法。
bakery n.面包店(房)：The bakery serves us with fresh bread daily.面包店每天都给我们提供新鲜面包。
balance n.①平衡，均衡：
When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his balance and had a bad fall.
男孩在追他哥哥时，失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。
Try to keep balance between work and relaxation.尽量保持工作与休闲的均衡。
The newspaper maintains a good balance in its presentation of different opinions.
该报不偏不倚报道不同意见。
②天平：Will you weigh it in the balance?你用天平称一称好吗？
v.权衡，使平衡，均衡，建立平衡，抵消，弥补：
You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.
你必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊。
A balanced diet can really improve your state of mind.平衡的饮食能真的改善你的精神状态。
What must a dancer do before she can balance herself?舞蹈演员在平衡自己之前必须做什么？
His lack of experience was balanced by a willingness to learn.他的好学弥补了他经验的不足。
【拓展】on balance总的来说：
On balance, the company has had a successful year.总的来说，公司这一年是成功的。
balcony n.阳台：You can see the sea from our balcony.你从我们的阳台上就能看到大海。
ball n.①球，球形物：The earth is like a ball.地球是个球状物。
②舞会：Men and women put on their best clothes to go to a ball.
男人和女人参加正式舞会时都穿上最好的衣服。
ballet n.芭蕾舞：I like opera but I’m not keen on ballet.我喜欢歌剧，但不特别喜欢芭蕾舞。
balloon n.气球：Blow the balloon up.把气球吹起来。
bamboo n.竹：This armchair is made of bamboo.这个扶手椅是用竹子做成的。
ban n.禁令：There is a ban on smoking in petrol stations.加油站禁止吸烟。
v.禁止，取缔：
Last month, San Francisco became the first U.S. city to ban plastic grocery bags.
上个月，旧金山成为美国第一个禁止塑料购物袋的城市。
【拓展】①用作名词时，其后通常接介词on，表示对某事的禁止：
The European Commission has urged France to lift its ban on imports of British beef. 
欧盟委员会敦促法国解除进口英国牛肉的禁令。
②用作动词时，表示禁止某人做某事，通常用ban sb. from doing sth.：
He was banned from driving.他被禁止开车。
banana n.香蕉：Are bananas sold by weight or at how much a piece?
香蕉是按重量出售, 还是按多少钱一根出售?
【拓展】the top banana 顶头上司，最高人物：
Who is the top banana here? 谁是这儿的头儿？
band n.①带，绳，条形物：She used a rubber band to tie her hair.她用一根橡皮筋扎头发。
②群，帮，伙：A band of robbers held up the train.一群强盗抢劫了火车。
③(吹奏)乐队：They are a teenager band made up of four cool boys.
他们是一支由四名酷哥组成的少年乐队。
bandage n.绷带：a first-aid bandage急救绷带
【拓展】v.(用绷带)包扎：His hand was bandaged.他手上缠着绷带。
bank n.①岸，堤：We walked along the river bank.我们沿着河岸行走。
②银行：The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has branches all over the country.
这家银行的总部在北京，但它在全国各地都有支行。
bar n.①条，(长方)块，棒：
A bar of chocolate is enough to stop his crying.一条巧克力就可以让他不哭了。
There is a bar on the gate.门上有个门闩。
②酒吧，柜台：There are several bars in the hotel.旅馆中有好几个酒吧。
③障碍，阻碍，妨碍： 
One of the fundamental bars to communication is the lack of a universally spoken, common language.
交流的一个基本障碍就是缺少一种大家都说的通用语。
barbecue n.烤肉野餐：We had a barbecue on the beach.我们在海滩上举行了烧烤野餐。
barber n.理发师：
She had to call a barber to shave him.她不得不叫个理发师来给他刮脸。
Your hair’s getting rather long. It’s time you went to the barber’s.你的头发很长，该去理发店了。
bare adj.①赤裸的：
Don’t walk on that broken glass with bare feet.不要光着脚走在那些碎玻璃上。
Rescuers were using their bare hands to reach the trapped miners.救援人员正徒手营救被困矿工。
Police believe the killer punched her to death with his bare hands.
警方认为她是被凶手活活用拳头打死的。
②空的，无……的，光秃秃的：
The room we visited yesterday was bare except for a few broken chairs.
我们昨天看到的房间除了一些破损的椅子空荡荡的。
I saw nothing but the bare walls and I became even more worried.
除了光秃秃的墙，我什么也没看到，我更加担心了。
③仅有的：One bare word would be enough.只要一句话就够了。
【拓展】barely仅仅，勉强，几乎不，几乎没有，赤裸裸地，无遮蔽地，公然地，露骨地：
She is now barely able to stand.她现在勉强能站立。
He was barely listening until the salary was mentioned. Then he pricked up his ears. 
他几乎没有注意听讲些什么，但当提到工资时，他却侧耳细听。
bargain n.①廉价买到的东西：I found a lot of bargains in the sale.我发现大减价中有许多便宜货。
②交易：
He made a satisfactory bargain with them.他和他们做了一笔满意的交易。
We’ve made a bargain that he will do the shopping and I’ll cook.我们讲定了，他买东西我做饭。
v.(常跟with连用)与……讨价还价，与……打交道：
We bargained with him about the price.我们跟他讨价还价。
They prefer to bargain with individual clients, for cash. 在现款方面，他们更愿意同散户打交道。
bark v .狗叫，吼叫：Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away fled the burglar.听到狗叫的厉害，盗贼逃走了。
n.①狗叫/吠声：The animal makes a strange sound, slightly resembling the bark of a dog.
这个动物发出奇怪的声音，有点象狗的叫声。
②(树)皮：The bark of some trees can be used as medicine. 有些树皮可以作药材.
【拓展】bark up/at the wrong tree打错了主意，找错了目标
—Could you help me with the math problem?
—Are you kidding? Your must be barking up the wrong tree.
“你可以帮我解这道数学题么？”“你开玩笑么？你找错人了。”
barrier n.阻碍，障碍，隔阂，壁垒：
Lack of proper exercises is a major barrier for the patient to regain his health soon.
阻碍父母恢复健康的主要障碍是缺乏适当的锻炼。
Not having a good command of English can be a serious barrier to achieving your goals.
不能精通英语可能是你取得成功的严重的障碍。
The police put a barrier across the road.警察设了路障。
She had been waiting for Simon to break down the language barrier between them.
她一直在等待西蒙打破他们之间语言上的隔阂。
Duties and taxes are the most obvious barrier to free trade.关税和税收是自由贸易的最大壁垒。
base n.①底，基础：The country needs a strong economic base.国家需要稳固的经济基础。
②基地，本部：
That company has offices all over the world, but their base is in Paris.
这家公司的办事处遍布全世界，但本部在巴黎。
v.根据，基于：This news report is based on the fact.这篇新闻报导是根据实际情况写成的。
baseball n.棒球：Baseball is the national game of the US.棒球运动是美国全民性的运动。
basement n.地下室：She lives in the basement of the apartment house.她住在公寓的地下室。
basic adj.基本的，简单的：
In time of serious accidents，if we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.
在发生严重事故的时候，如果我们知道一些基本的急救知识，就可以挽救生命。
basin n.水盆，脸盆：The cook mixed the pudding in a basin.厨师在盆里搅拌布丁。
basis n.基础，根据：What is the basis of your opinion? 你的观点的根据是什么？
【拓展】①on the basis of以……为基础，根据：
Our policy should rest on the basis of self - reliance. 我们的方针要放在自力更生的基点上。
On the basis of evidence we deduced that he was guilty. 根据这些证据我们推断他是有罪的。
②on a regular basis定期地，经常地：
To make sure the program would go smoothly, the members in the club met on a regular basis, discussing every possible problem in detail.为确保计划平稳执行，俱乐部成员定期聚会，仔细讨论任何可能的问题。
basket n.篮子：The basket was full of flowers.那篮子装满了花。
basketball n.篮球：Let’s go and play basketball.我们去打篮球吧。
bat n.①球棒：He hit the ball with the bat.他用球拍击球。
②蝙蝠：Bats fly at night and feed on insects.蝙蝠在夜间飞行，以昆虫为食。
bath n.①洗澡：I took a hot bath last night.我昨天晚上洗了个热水澡。
②浴室，浴缸：
We lived in a comfortable double-room with a big bath.我们住在一间舒适的带大浴室的双人房间里。
Is the bath clean?这浴缸干净吗？
bathe v.①游泳：He’s bathing in the river.他在河里游泳。
②用水洗(泡)，洗澡：
Bathe the wound twice a day.伤口一天洗两次。
How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?你昨天洗手或洗澡了多少次？
③沐浴，笼罩：
The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing the mountain in golden light.
太阳从空中冉冉升起，使得山峦沐浴在金色的阳光之中。
The lamp behind him seems to bathe him in warmth.他身后的灯光似乎将他笼罩在一片温暖之中。
bathroom n.浴室，盥洗室，洗手间：Is there a bathroom in this restaurant?餐馆内有洗手间吗？
bathtub n.澡盆，浴缸：Clean out the bathtub when you are done.洗完澡后请把浴缸洗干净。
battery n.电池：I need a new battery for my walkman.我的随身听需要换一节新电池了。
battle n. 战斗，斗争：
Man is fighting a battle against pollution.人类正在同污染进行斗争。
First impressions are half the battle.先入为主，第一印象很重要。
Fight no battle unprepared.不打无准备之仗。
【拓展】a David and Goliath battle大卫与歌利亚之战(比喻实力悬殊)：
—The owner of the small shop fought to stop the big corporation from knocking it down.
—Yes, and he finally made it. It was indeed a David and Goliath battle.
“那家小商店的老板成功阻止了大公司让其破产的企图。”
“是的，他成功了。这是一场实力悬殊的对抗。
bay n.湾，海湾：We went swimming in the bay.我们去了海湾游泳。
BC n.公元前：Rome was founded in 753 BC.罗马建立于公元前753年。
From 500 BC to 500 AD is 1000 years.从公元前五百年到公元五百年共计一千年。
be(is, am, are, was, were, being, been) v.
It is necessary that he be sent there at once.有必要马上派他到那里去。
I am filled with the desire to go back home.我心中充满了回家的渴望。
There are enough people to do the job.有足够的人做这项工作。
I didn’t know he was the richest person in the world.我不知道他是世界上最有钱的人。
I wouldn’t worry about it, if I were you.如果我是你，我才不会为此担心昵。
I have a feeling that we are being followed.我有种感觉我们正被人跟踪。
She has been in the same post for 20 years.她担任同一职务已20年。
beach n.海滨，海滩：We spent the whole afternoon on the beach.我们整个下午都在海滩上度过。
【拓展】表示“在海滨”或“在海滩上”，一般用介词on，有时也用介词at。
bean n.豆，豆科植物：We cook and eat green beans.我们煮青豆吃。
bear1 n.熊：The bear has lived up to his reputation for stupidity.这只熊果然名不虚传，笨得出奇。
bear2 (bore, born) v.
①承受，负担：I don’t think that branch will bear your weight.我想那树枝承受不住你的体重。
Nowadays working women bear a lot more pressure put on them from families and careers.
如今工作女性承受着来自家庭和事业施加给她们的更大的压力。
②忍受，容忍：
I can’t bear being kept waiting, so I hope you can come on time.
我不能忍受一直等别人，所以我希望你能准时来。
③生(孩子)，结(果实)：Different trees bear different fruits.什么样的树结什么样的果。
【拓展】①bear sth./sb. in mind把某事/某人记在心里：
We must bear in mind these lessons paid for with blood.我们要记住这些血的教训。
Temporary failure is not to be feared. We must bear it in mind that the pains-taking effort we have will pay off in the long run.暂时的失败不可怕。我们必须记住，从长远来看，我们所付出的努力是会得到回报的。
②bearable adj.可忍受的；unbearable adj.无法忍受的
For the struggling economy, it would be painful but bearable. 
对于正苦苦挣扎的经济来说，这是痛苦的，但尚可承受。
I will think about how Stephen Hawking managed to live a normal life and made great achievements whenever my life feels unbearable.每当我觉得无法忍受的时候，我会想一想斯蒂芬•霍金是如何过上正常的生活并取得巨大成就的。
beard n.(下巴上的)胡须：
He wears a long beard.他留了长胡须。
Men and goats have beards.人和山羊都有胡子。
beast n.野兽，牲畜：
The lion is the king of the beasts.狮子为百兽之王。
I’m sorry. I was a beast.对不起，我不是人。
beat(beat, beaten)v.
①拍打，敲打：Waves are beating the rocks.波浪着岩石。
That day we ended up on the beach wandering aimlessly and the only sound was the waves beating against the shore.那天我们最后在海滩上，漫无目的第闲逛这，唯一的声音就是海浪拍击海岸的声音。
Father broke into a violent passion at the sight of his son being beaten by a big man and charged straight at him.看见儿子被一个大人打了，父亲盛怒地冲了进来，径直冲向他。
②(心脏等)跳动：My heart beat fast at the sight of him.一看见他，我的心跳就加快。
③打赢，打败：You beat me in physics.你物理学得比我强。
The young tennis player has often competed with famous players, but so far he has always been beaten.
这位年轻的网球运动员经常和著名的运动员比赛，但到目前为止，他没有赢过一回。
n.①敲打，敲击声，(心脏的)跳动：
Can’t you hear the beat of my heart?你听不见我心脏跳动的声音吗？
②(音乐)节拍：Keep in time with the beat of the music.合着音乐的节拍。
【拓展】①beat around the bush拐弯抹角，旁敲侧击，说话绕圈子：
Don’t beat around the bush, and come straight to the point!
别拐弯抹角，直截了当地说吧！
②beat the bushes进行彻底搜查，搜寻猎物，搜寻，物色：
The company would beat the bushes for the people who were qualified for the position.
公司将尽力寻找那些有资格担任这一工作的人。
③beat a dead horse炒冷饭，白费口舌，浪费精力，徒劳无功：
Why do you insist on beating a dead horse by bringing up these ancient problems of ours?
你为什么总是翻旧账呢？
We’re simply beating a dead horse. He’ll never change.我们是在白费口舌，他永远不会改变的。
You’re beating a dead horse by trying to persuade Simon to go to Spain with us.
你劝西蒙跟我们一起去西班牙是在白费功夫。
I hate to beat a dead horse, but it is very important that you understand this before you leave.
我不想多此一举。但你离开以前必须了解这个。
④beat sb. hands down打败某人：
They’d beat us hands down if we went to war with them. 
如果我们去和他们交战，他们会很容易地击败我们。
beautiful adj.美丽的，美观的：
Charles Blackman is famous for his beautiful paintings of dreams.
查尔斯·布莱克曼以其美丽的梦之画而闻名。
Beijing is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.北京是世界上最美丽的城市之一。
beauty n.①美丽，美妙：
It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.直到我到这里我才意识到此地不仅因其美丽，更因其天气而闻名。
I love him because his poems let me enjoy the beauty of the English language.
我喜欢他是因为他的诗让我享受到了英语的美妙。
Beauty lies in the lover’s eyes=Beauty is in the eye of the gazer/watcher/beholder.情人眼里出西施。
②美人，美好的东西：She grew up to be a beauty.她已长大成为一个美人儿。
because conj.因为：
They can’t have gone out because the light is on.他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。
An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.
协议的达成似乎是不可能的，因为大多数委员会成员都反对。
【拓展】①不要按汉语习惯将其与so(所以)连用，如不说Because I was tired’ so I went to bed.(应去掉because或so)
②because是连词，后接句子；而because of是复合介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，也可以接what引导的名词从句(不能接其他连词引导的名词从句)：
He knew she was crying because of what he had said.他知道她哭是因为他说的话。
become(became, become) v.
①变得，成为：The room soon became crowded.房间很快变得拥挤起来。
②适合(某人)，与……相称：That dress becomes you.那件衣服很合你身。
【拓展】become of(常与what连用)：(人或事物的)结果是(怎样)，遭遇(如何)，(某事)发生在(某人)身上，(某人)出了(什么事)，(人或事物)到哪儿去了：
What has become of the girl?这个女孩后来怎样了？
He asked Saint Peter what had become of the chair, but he did not know.
他问彼得椅子哪儿去了，彼得说不知道。
What will become of these teenagers if they don’t study, but play cards all the time? 
这些青少年不好好念书，却成天玩牌，长此以往，怎么得了？
bed n.①床，卧床，睡觉：
This bed is fairly soft.这个床还算软。
A cold kept him in bed for three days.一次感冒让他卧床三天。
②河底，底座：The river bed is dry.河床干涸了。
bedding n.①寝具，床上用品：
All the bedding is made of simple, untreated cotton.所有床上用品全部用未经处理的天然棉花制成。
②(家畜的)垫草：This dried grass will make good bedding for the sheep.这干草可用作羊的好垫草.
bedroom n.寝室，卧室：You can sleep in the spare bedroom.你可以在那间空置的卧室里睡。
bee n.蜜蜂：He can hear the hum of the bee in the garden.他听得见花园里蜜蜂的嗡嗡声。
【拓展】as busy as a bee很忙，忙碌：
Shelly’s father is always as busy as a bee.雪莉的父亲总是非常忙碌。
beef n.牛肉：Africa is exporting beef to Europe.非洲向欧洲出口牛肉。
beer n.啤酒：Would you like a (glass of ) beer?您要不要喝(杯)啤酒？
Three beers, please.请来三杯啤酒。
before prep.①(时间、位置、顺序)在……以前，在……前面：
Your name is before mine on the list.在名单上你的名字在我的前面。
Take the medicine before bedtime.这药在睡觉之前吃。
②(地位、价值、重要性等)重于，在……之上：
He put quality before quantity.他重质量甚于重数量。
He put his work before everything.他把工作放在第一位。
③(宁可……)也不愿：They would die before surrendering.他们宁死不屈。
adv.(时间、位置)以前：
Why didn’t you tell me before?为什么你以前不告诉我呢？
Never before have so many people come to see him.以前从没有这么多人来看望他。
conj.①在……之前就……：
Mary had finished her homework before her mother returned.
玛丽在妈妈回来之前就完成了作业。
②过了多久后才……，动作进行到什么程度才……：
The man almost knocked me down before he saw me.那人差点把我撞倒了才看到我。
They walked about 30 miles to the west before they saw a village.
他们向西走了大约30英里才看见一个村庄。
③还没来得及……就……，尚未……就……：
Before I said a word, he went.我还没来得说话，他就走了。
④刚……就……：
I had hardly sat down before the bell rang.我刚一坐下，铃就响了。
⑤不知不觉就……，还没弄清就……：
She had read for three hours before Ann knew it.不知不觉安已看了3个小时的书了。
⑥宁愿……，决不……，与其……，毋宁……，常与will 或would连用：
I would die before I would tell.我宁愿死也不愿告诉别人。
I would / will die before I surrender.我宁愿死也不投降。
⑦否则，以免：
Do it now before you forget.现在就做，以免忘记。
I will write it down before I forget it.我要把它记下来，否则我会忘记的。
⑧it was +时间段+ before …过了多久才……：
It was three days before he came back.过了三天他才回来
⑨it was not long +时间段+ before …不久就……：
It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意识到他处境的危险。
⑩it will be(not)+时间段+ before….要过多久/不久……才……：
It will be half a year before you graduate from senior high school.
还有半年你就要高中毕业了。
How long do you guess it will be before we graduate from?
你认为我们还要过多久才能呢？
It will be not long before you find you are wrong.用不了多久你就会发现你错了。
【拓展】long before和before long的意义不同：
Long before he stayed in Germany for half a year and he will go to Germany before long again.很久以前他呆在德国半年，他不久就会再次回到德国。
beg v.请求，乞求，乞讨：
I beg you to leave here.我求你离开这儿。
She begged me not to tell her parents.她求我不要告诉她的父母。
At no age need one have to beg for a living if one has good health and is willing to work hard.
如果一个人身体健康，愿意努力工作，在任何年龄都不需要靠乞讨为生。
He saw a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneeling at her feet and putting out his hands to beg for a few coins.他看见一个衣衫不整、脏兮兮的人跪在她脚边，伸出双手乞讨几枚硬币
—Only those who have a lot in common can get along well.
—I beg to differ. Opposites sometimes do attract.
句意：“只有那些有很多共同之处的人才能相处得很好。”“恕我不能同意。有时候是相异而相吸的。”
I beg your pardon. I suppose I should have knocked.对不起，我想我应该先敲一下门的。
I beg your pardon? Did you lust say what I think you said? 请再说一遍，你是说我对你的话有何想法？
begin(began, begun) v.开始，着手：
He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.
他发现阅读越来越困难，因为他的视力开始衰退。
To begin with, a fabulous new stadium has been built up, which has become the new landmark in our school.
首先，一个令人难以置信的新体育场已经建成，这已成为我们学校的新地标。
To begin with, my English teacher spoke too quickly and I can’t understand her.
一开始，我的英语老师说的太快了，我不能理解她。
Today I would like to begin with a story.今天我将以一个故事开始我的演讲。
beginning n.开始，开端：
I’ve read the article from beginning to end.我将文章从头到尾读了一遍。
A good beginning makes a good ending.(谚)有好的开始才有好的结果。
At the beginning, the tango was a dance of the lower classes.开始时，探戈是下层阶级的舞蹈。
We’ll reach the sales targets in a month which we set at the beginning of the year.
我们将在一个月内达到我们在年初制定的销售目标。
behalf n.代表，为了(利益)：
I paid the money on your behalf.我替你付了钱。
On behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
我代表在场的所有人祝你回国旅途愉快。
He added that humans might be required to act today on behalf of a distant future. 
他补充说，人类可能被要求为了遥远的未来的利益规范今天的行为。
behave v.①表现，行为，举止：
The boy behaved very well last night.孩子昨天晚上表现挺好。
He was in great trouble, but he behaved as if nothing had happened.
他遇到了很大的麻烦，但他表现得若无其事。
②守规矩：Her son behaved (himself) all day.她的儿子整天都很守规矩。
—Can I run around here?
—Behave yourself. Don’t you know the school rules?
“我能在这溜达么？”“规矩点！难道你不懂校规吗？”
—Dear son, I will take you to the big dinner tonight. Behave yourself. You promise.
—OK. Mummy.
“亲爱的儿子，今晚我要带你参加一场盛大晚宴，你答应我”“一定要注意自己的举止。”“好的，妈妈。”
behaviour(Am behavior) n.行为，举止：
Most damagingly, anger weakens a person’s ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour.
最糟糕的是，愤怒会削弱一个人清晰思考和控制自己行为的能力。
behind prep.①(场所)在……后面：
He shook his head again and brought his hand from behind his back.他又摇了摇头，从背后伸出手。
The moment the cat heard the mice making noises, it rushed out from behind the door.
猫听到老鼠发出的声音时，马上从门后冲了出来。
②(时间)迟于：He arrived 10 minutes behind me.他比我晚到10分钟。
③(程度、能力、进度等)次于，不如，落后：
The boy is behind the others in maths.这男孩的数学比别人差。
④通过(房门、大门等)之后：Please close the door behind you.请随手关门。
⑤走后留下：Someone has left an umbrella behind him.有人掉了把伞。
⑥支持，作为……的后盾：My parents are behind me.我的父母支持我。
adv.①在后，向后：He went in front and I walked behind.他在前面走，我在他后面。
②迟，落后：I’ve got behind with my homework.我的家庭作业落下了。
【拓展】①leave behind留下，忘带，丢弃，使落后：
The criminal didn’t leave behind any traces of his crime.
罪犯没有留下任何作案的痕迹。
—Are you going to have a holiday this year?
—I’d love to. I can’t wait to leave this place behind.
“今年你要去度假吗？”
“我很想(度假)，我恨不得马上离开这个地方(把这个地方抛在脑后不管)。”
②fall behind落后，落伍，掉队：
He’s working hard for fear that he should fall behind.他工作很努力，唯恐落后。
If your payments of rent fall behind, you will be asked to leave. 
如果你不如期交房租，你就会被撵走。
If you stand still, you’ll quickly fall behind.如果你停滞不前，你很快就会掉队。
being n.①人，生物：Men, women, and children are human beings.男人、女人、孩子都是人。
②生存，存在：I don’t know the meaning of my being.我不知道我生存的意义是什么。
【拓展】①come into being产生，发生：
How words came into being is unknown.语言是如何产生的还不清楚。
When did the universe first come into being?宇宙是何时开始形成的？
②for the time being暂时，目前：All is well, for the time being.眼下一切顺利。
belief n.信念，相信，信仰：
He had no great belief in his doctor.他不太信任他的医生。
I hold a firm belief that he will win.我坚信他会获胜。
It is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
我们相信，医疗保健的改善将导致一个更强大、更繁荣的经济。
believe v.①相信：I don’t believe you.我不信你说的话。
He finds it difficult to believe that composers are not much interested in that question.
他发现很难相信作曲家对那个问题不太感兴趣。
②认为，想：I believe him(to be)right.=I believe that he is right.我认为他是对的。
【拓展】①believe in相信，信任：
I can believe him, but I can’t believe in him.
我相信他说的话是真的，但是不相信他的为人。
He believes in getting plenty of exercise.他相信多做运动必有好处。
②believe it or not 信不信由你，无论/不论你信不信：
Believe it or not, they got married soon.信不信由你，他们不久就结婚了。
—It’s thirty years since we last met.
—But I still remember the story, believe it or not, that we got lost on a rainy night.
“我们已经有三十年没有见面了。”
“但你信不信由你，我仍然记得我们在雨夜迷路的事情。”
bell n.钟，铃，钟(铃)声：Ring the bell and see if they’re in.按一下门铃，看他们在不在。
belly n.肚子：I have a pain in my belly.我肚子痛。
belong vi.属于，附属：
That car belongs to me.那辆车是我的。
Which door does this key belong to?这把钥匙是哪个门的？
The house belongs to my aunt but she doesn’t live here any more.
这房子属于我姑妈的，但她不再住在这里了。
【拓展】不用于进行时态，也不用于被动语态。
Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future _______ to the well-educated.
A. belongs B. is belonged C. is belonging D. will be belonged
答案为A。句意：威廉姆斯教授不断地告诉他的学生，未来属于受过良好教育的人。
below prep.①在……下面，低于，少于，小于：
Shall I write my answer above or below the line?我把答案写在线的上方还是下方?
His work is well below the average.他的工作大大低于一般水平。
Below the mountains, the sunshine reflects on the many lakes, which makes them shine like diamonds against the rich countryside.在山下，阳光反射在湖面上，这使得它们像钻石一样照耀着富裕的乡村。
Below are a few good examples you can follow when you are doing your work.
下面是一些好的例子，当你做工作时，你可以效仿。
The temperature is five degrees below zero.温度是零下5度。
②在……的下游：That yacht is below the bridge.那艘游艇在桥的下游。
adv.在下面，向下：
The information below was compiled by our correspondent.以下资料是我们的记者收集整理的。
The captain told the sailors to go below.船长叫水手们下到舱里去。
Several of us were asked to attend the meeting, as listed below.
我们中有几个人被要求参加这次会议，如下所列。
belt n.皮带，腰带，传送带：
I’ve lost the belt for this dress.我丢失了这件连衣裙的腰带。
Fasten your seat belt.系好安全带。
bench n.长凳，工作台：
The back of the bench folds forward to make a table. 长凳的靠背可以向前翻折成一张桌子。
All good served on the bench for more than 50 years. 奥尔古德当了五十多年的法官。
bend(bent, bent) v.
①(使)弯曲，(使)顺从于：
I bent a stick and broke it in two pieces.我把一根棍子折成两段。
Unlike most trees, this one bends in the middle , struggling all the way up to get more sunshine.
与大多数树木不同，这棵树在中间弯曲，一路向上挣扎以获得更多的阳光。
②弯腰：
I bent over to pick it up.我弯下腰，把它捡起来。
The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower.男人弯下腰，把花给了他的妻子。
③专心于：He bent his mind to the job.他专心于他的工作。
n.弯曲，转弯：There is a sharp bend in the road.这条路在这里有一个急转弯。
【拓展】bent adj. ①弯的：That piece of metal is bent.那块金属是弯的。
②决心的，专心的：He is bent on becoming a doctor.他决心当医生。
beneath prep.在……下方(面)：
Beneath the books was a photo, which showed the city had gone through huge changes.
在书的下面是一张照片，它展示出这个城市已经经历的巨大变化。
He wore a woolen vest beneath his jacket.他在短大衣里面穿了一件毛背心。
Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock.土壤下面是一层基岩。
adv.在下方，在底下：
Her careful make-up hid the signs of age beneath.她的精心化妆掩饰了脂粉下面岁月刻下的痕迹。
He was standing on the bridge looking down at the river beneath.他站在桥上俯视下方河水。
beneficial adj.有益的，有用的：
What’s more, riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.
此外，骑自行车是我们锻炼身体的好方法，对我们的健康有益。
It’s a beneficial result to us.对我们来说那是有利的结果。
Sunshine is beneficial to plants.阳光对植物有益。
benefit n.利益，好处：I did it for his benefit.我做这个是为了帮助他。
China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals for the benefit of all its citizens.
中国一直在推动公立医院的改革，造福于全体公民(改革是为了全体公民的利益)。
v.①对……有益，使……受益：Sea air will benefit you.海边的空气将会对你有益。
②获益，得益于(连用from, by)：
It isn’t just big data specialists like data scientists and statisticians that stand to benefit from this boom of big data opportunities.不仅仅是像数据科学家和统计学家这样的大数据专家才能从这股热潮中获益。
Will the AIDS patients benefit by/from the new drug?这种新药对爱滋病人有效吗？
beside prep.①在……旁边，在……附近：The town is beside the sea.城镇坐落在海边。
②与……相比：My share seems small beside his.我这一份与他那份相比似乎要少些。
③离(题)，与(本题)无关：That’s beside the point question.离题了。
besides prep.
①除……之外(还有)：
Your composition is well written except for a few spelling mistakes, his is also well written besides yours.
除了几个拼写错误，你的作文写得很好，他的写得也很好。
②(用于否定句)除……之外(不再有)：
I care for nothing besides this.除此之外，我什么也不要。
No one writes to me besides you.除你之外，没有人给我写信。
adv.还有，此/另外：
It’s too late to go out now. Besides, it’s starting to rain.现在出去太晚了。另外，天开始下雨了。
betray v.背叛，出卖，泄露(机密)
That was not the first time he had betrayed us. I think it’s high time we took strong actions against him.
那不是他第一次背叛我们。我认为我们早该对他采取强硬措施了。
He would suffer death rather than betray the secret.他宁死也不肯泄露机密。
between prep & ad.在……之间：
Don’t phone me between 5 and 6. We’ll be having dinner then. 
五点至六点之间不要给我打电话，那时我们在吃饭。
This plane flies between London and Paris.这班飞机飞行于伦敦与巴黎之间。
He felt something between laughter and anger.他既觉得好笑，也感到气愤。
We have four classes in the morning and two classes, and have lunch between.
我们上午有4堂课，下午有两堂课，期间我们进午餐。
【拓展】go-between中间人，掮客，媒人，介绍人：
One of his friends acted as the gobetween in this business.
在这件事中，他的一个朋友充当了中间人。
A warmhearted man acted as a go-between for him and introduced him to a girl. 
一个热心人牵线搭桥(充当介绍人)给他介绍了一位姑娘。
The Science and Technology Association served the function of a go-between. 
科学技术协会发挥了穿针引线的作用。
He will act as a go-between to try and work out an agenda.
他将从中斡旋，以尽力制订出一个日程表。
beyond prep①在(到)……另一边：The lake is beyond the park.湖在公园那边。
②晚于，超过：
Don’t stay there beyond midnight.不要过了午夜还留在那儿。
Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
生活就像一次长跑，我们与他人竞争，进而超越自我。
③为……所不能及，超出：
Push yourself to go beyond your comfort zone because that’s where life truly does begin.
迫使你离开安逸的环境强迫自己走出你的舒适区，因为那才是生活真正开始的地方。
Good advice is beyond price.良言忠告是无价之宝。
The new product is beyond all praise and has quickly taken over the market by virtue of its superior quality.新产品让人赞不绝口，并凭借其优越的品质迅速占领了市场。
The scenery along Chengfeng Lake is beautiful beyond description.
乘风湖沿线的景色美得无法形容。
The scenery in my hometown is beautiful beyond expression.
我家乡的景色非常美丽，无法用言语表达。
In spring, the scene on the top of the hill is so appealing that it is beyond my words.
春天，山上的风景是如此吸引人以至于无法言表。
With the development of its economy, Tianjin has changed beyond recognition in the last past years.
随着经济的发展，在过去的几年中，天津已经变得认不出来了。
The following speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, most of which are beyond our control.植物的生长速度受很多因素的影响，其中大多数因素是我们无法控制的。
This problem is beyond our ability. I didn’t figure it out, either.
这道题超出了我们的能力范围，我也解不出来。
He said he was very sorry because it was beyond his power to make the final decision.
他说他非常抱歉的，因为做那个决定超出他的能力范围。
The old machine one has been damaged beyond repair.那台旧机器已经损坏无法修理。
In the times of the emperors, the formality within the Forbidden City was rigid beyond belie.
在帝王时代，紫禁城内的礼仪异常严格，令人难以置信。
She was a storyteller beyond compare.她是个无与伦比的讲故事高手。
The business honor of the company is beyond suspicion.这个公司的商业信誉毋庸置疑。
adv.在远处，以后：
They crossed the mountains and travelled to the valleys beyond.他们越过群山，到了那边的山谷。
The immediate future is clear, but it’s hard to tell what lies beyond.
近期内的情况很清楚，但很难说以后如何。
bicycle n.自行车：I saw him make by the gate on his bicycle/by bicycle.我看见他骑自行车从大门旁边过去了。
bid v.出价，投标，申办：
Check the ways of delivery before you bid.投标前检查交货方式。
A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics,which in turn will promote its economic development.清洁的环境有利于申办奥运会，而申办奥运会又可以促进经济的发展。
n.出价，投标：
He made a bid of 50 dollars for on the table.他出价50美元买那张桌子。
Only one city per country is allowed to submit a bid.每个国家只有一个城市可以参加角逐。
big adj.①大的：Ours is a big family.我们家是个的家庭(我们家人口很多)。
②重要的：I have some big news!我有重要的消息！
bike n.自行车(=bicycle)
bill n.①议案，法案：The bill was passed.这法案获得通过。
②账单，票据：How much was the bill for the electricity?电费是多少？
③纸币，钞票：He gave me a 10-dollar bill.他给我一张10美元的钞票。
④传单，广告：Stick No Bills.禁止张贴。
【拓展】表示账单的数额，其后通常用介词for：
The shop sent me a bill for $200.商店给我送来了一张200元的账单。
biography n.传，传记：
Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for what Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
读完了她的自传后，我对多丽丝·莱辛在文学上做出的贡献非常敬佩。
biology n.生物(学)：Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views.
物理学和生物学的科学研究极大地开阔了我们的视野。
【拓展】①biologist生物学家：
I am a Christian, and also a biologist.我是个基督徒，也是一名生物学家。
②biological生物的，生物学的，与生物学相关的，有血亲关系的：
Darwin eventually put forward a model of biological evolution. 
达尔文最终提出了生物进化的模型。
They are the child’ s biological parents.他们是这个孩子的亲生父母。
bird n.鸟：Most birds can fly.鸟类大多能飞。
birth n.出生，诞生：
The pregnant woman is about to give birth to a baby, so we’d better send for a doctor immediately.
那个孕妇马上要生小孩子，因此我们最好去立刻派人去请。
The baby weighed seven pounds at birth.那个婴儿出生时重达七磅。
In 1980, strikes at the Lenin Shipyards gave birth to the Solidarity trade union.
1980年，列宁造船厂的罢工致使团结工会得以成立。
I had obtained the authentic details about the birth of the organization. 
我已经掌握了有关该组织诞生的可靠的详细资料。
birthday n.生日：
Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening?你今晚能来参加我的生日聚会吗？
birthplace n.出生地，故乡：
Mozart’s birthplace and the house where he composed ‘The Magic Flute’ are both museums now.
莫扎特的出生地和他创作“魔笛”的房子现在都成了博物馆。
biscuit n.饼干：a packet of biscuits一包饼干
bit n.一点，一些，少量：Could you give me a bit of advice?你能不能给我一点建议?
【拓展】①a bit有点儿，相当：The coat costs a bit too much.这外套太贵了一点。
②a bit of 一点儿，有点像：
He knows a bit of Russian.他懂点儿俄语。
He is a bit of a poet.他多少有点儿像个诗人。
③not a bit一点也不，not a little非常：
I’m really not a bit surprised.我真的一点儿也不觉得惊讶。
She was not a little worried about the expense.她对那笔开支相当苦恼。
bite(bit, bitten) v.咬，叮：
Bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.
因为邮递员被咬了两次，所以邮递员拒绝送我们的信除非用链子把狗锁住。
Barking dogs seldom bite.爱叫的狗不咬人(或真人不露相)。
Once bitten, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。
bitter adj.①苦的，痛苦的，不开心的：
Life is like a cup of tea. It won’t be bitter for a life time but for a short while anyway.
生活是一杯茶，不会苦一辈子，总要苦一阵子。
He felt very bitter about the way he was treated.别人那样待他，他很不开心。
②(寒冷等)刺痛的：It’s really bitter out there today.今天外边冷极了。
black n.①黑色：Black stands for mourning.黑色表示哀悼。
②黑人：There were both blacks and whites at the meeting.参加会议的有黑人也有白人。
adj.①黑色的：We have a black and white TV.我们有一台黑白电视。
②很糟的：It’s a black day for us.今天我们不走运。
【拓展】①black不只表示“黑色”：
Janet, do you like black coffee? 珍妮，你喜欢不加牛奶的咖啡吗？
Whenever she refused, he’d beat her black and blue.
每当她拒绝的时候，他就会把她打得青一块紫一块。
If they had not held him back, he would have beaten you black and blue.
如果不是他们挡住他，他已把你打得遍体鳞伤。
②a black sheep害群之马，败家子：
Tom is a black sheep of the company.汤姆是公司里的害群之马。
He is really a black sheep of the family.是啊，他可真是个败家子。
blackboard n.黑板：Who’s rubbed my figures off the blackboard?谁把我写在黑板上的数字擦掉了？
blame n.责备，责难，归咎：
We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.我们准备对所发生的事负责。
I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.我拒绝为别人的过错承担责难。
He put all the blame on me.他把一切都归咎于我。
v.责备，责怪，归咎：
The teacher blamed me for the accident.老师因那意外事件责备我。
We shouldn’t blame technology for our shortcomings.我们不应该把我们的缺点归咎于技术。
【拓展】①通常用主动形式表被动意义：Nobody was to blame for the accident.这个事故谁也不能怪。②比较同义句：He blamed the failure on me.=He blamed me for the failure.他把失败归咎于我。
blank n.空格，空白(处)：Fill in all the blanks on the form.请填写表上全部空栏。
adj.①空白的：
Please write your name in the blank space at the top of the page.
请把姓名写在这一页上端空白的地方。
His mind went so blank that little did he write down for the first ten minutes in the test.
考试前几分钟他的大脑一片空白以至于几乎什么也没有写下。
②茫然的，无表情的：She looked completely blank.她看上去一片茫然。
blanket n.毛毯，毯子：She wrapped herself in a blanket.她用毛毯裹住身子。
The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket covering the desert.
野花就像桔黄色的柔软的地毯覆盖在沙漠上。
【拓展】a wet blanket令人扫兴的人：
—James has something to do and can’t come tonight.
—Well, that’s a relief, for he is a wet blanket.
“詹姆斯有事，今晚不能来。”“总算放心了，因为他是一个令人扫兴的人。”
bleed(bled, bled)v.
①出血，流血：My wound bled freely.我的伤口流了很多血。
②为……流血(牺牲)：
We should always remember the soldiers who bled for the revolution of China.
我们应该永远记住为中国革命流血牺牲的战士。
③长期榨取(某人的钱)：
They mean to bleed the British to the utmost.他们要最大限度地榨取英国人的财富。
bless v.保佑，降福：
Goodbye! May God bless you.再见，愿上帝保佑你。
I was blessed with a happy childhood, one most people would want to have.
我幸运地享有一个幸福的童年，一个大多数人想要的童年。
Bless your heart. I know you didn’t break the vase on purpose. Anyway, it’s simply a fake.
好了好了。我知道你不是故意打碎的花瓶。不管怎样，那只是一件赝品。
blind adj.①瞎的，失明的：
She had been blind from birth.她天生眼瞎。
The blind man had a dog to help him.这个盲人有一条狗帮助他。
The newspaper reported that round bowls don’t give enough oxygen for fish and may make them go blind.这家报纸报道说，圆碗不能为鱼提供足够的氧气，可能会使鱼失明。
②盲人的：
I won’t let you rush about like a blind man riding a blind horse.
我不能让你像盲人瞎马那样去到处乱闯。
③(拐角)不在视线中的，看不见的：
He tried to overtake three cars on a blind corner and crashed head-on into a lorry.
他试图在一个死角处超过前面的三辆车，结果一头撞在了一辆卡车上。
④走不通的，没有出口的，没有窗户的：
I remembered a huddle of stone buildings with blind walls.
我记得一片没有窗户的石头建筑。
⑤视而不见的，未察觉的，有眼无珠的，盲目的，轻率的，：
If we just focus on how we want the future to be, we may be blind to opportunities along the way.
如果我们仅仅专注于我们未来想成为的样子，我们可能会对沿途的机会视而不见。
She is blind to her husband’s faults.她对丈夫的过错毫无察觉。
All the time I was blind to your suffering.一直以来，我都没有意识到你遭受的痛苦。
She wants it so much that she became so stupid and blind.她那么渴望，以致到了又笨又盲目的地步。
⑥它的副词的意义见下列例句：
She pushed blindly past him and made for the door.她摸索着从他身边挤过去走向门口。
No person of independent mind will copy blindly foreign things.
大凡有独立见解的人都不会盲目模仿外国的东西。
He wanted to decide for himself instead of blindly following his parents’ advice.
他想自己拿主意，而不是盲目听从他父母的意见。
We should work hard and intelligently, not blindly.要苦干加巧干，不要蛮干。
【拓展】①表示“眼瞎”时，不以眼睛(eye)作主语，而以人或动物作主语，并在blind之后用介词in或of：He is blind in/of both eyes.他双目失明。
②the blind指“盲人”，表复数意义：
The blind are supposed to be helped.盲人应该得到帮助。
People who can see with their eyes can’t understand what practical use Braille can be of for the blind.能用眼睛看到的人无法理解盲文对盲人的实际用途。
④turn a blind eye(to sth.)(对某事)佯装不见，睁一只眼闭一只眼： 
Teachers are turning a blind eye to pupils smoking at school, a report reveals today.
今日一篇报道称，老师们对学生在学校抽烟睁一只眼闭一只眼。
However,the officials can’t simply turn a blind eye to the ethical problems left behind.
然而，官员们不能仅仅对遗留下来的伦理问题视而不见。
⑤as blind as a bat睁眼瞎，视力极差的：
You’re really as blind as a bat.你的视力真是糟透了。
⑥blind可以作为动词用：
Max could smell the rain coming. And it did. Suddenly the lightning flashed through the
clouds, nearly blinding him.麦克斯可以嗅觉到雨要来了，确实是。突然闪电穿过云层，
几乎让他看不见了。
block n.①(大)块：A block of wood fell on his foot.一大块木头砸在他脚上了。
②街区：Two blocks beyond the school is a field where we often played football during childhood.
学校外两个街区之处是我们童年常常踢足球的场地。
③路障：They’ve set up road blocks around the city to help control the traffic.
他们在城市周围设置了路障来帮助控制交通。
v.阻塞，阻挡：Seeing the road blocked with snow, they had to stay at home, watching TV and drinking coffee.
看到公路被大雪堵住了，他们不得不呆在家，看电视喝咖啡。
【拓展】①block off封锁，封闭：We need to block off the street.我们得把这条街封锁起来。
②block out遮住，遮挡……使不被印出来：
Those clouds would have cast shadows that would have blocked some sunlight out. 
那些云朵原本会投射出一些阴影，挡住部分太阳光。
blonde a.金色的，白皙的，白肤金发碧眼的
blood n.血，血液：Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水(亲人要比外人亲)。
blouse n.女衬衫，(宽大的)工作服：I am interested in your silk blouse.我对你们的丝绸女衬衫感兴趣。
blow(blew, blown) v.吹，刮风：
She blew on her coffee to cool it down.她把咖啡吹凉。
The wind blew my hat off.风把我的帽子刮走了。
【拓展】①blow n.击，打击：
The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
这个失败对他来说是一个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A
He struck the man a heavy blow with his fist.他用拳头把那人重重地打了一下。
②blow up(使)爆炸，炸掉，毁掉，炸毁，破坏，充气：
The terrorists are threatening to blow up the hijacked airliner.恐怖分子扬言要炸毁劫持的客机。
A police officer was killed when his car blew up.一名警员在其汽车爆炸时遇难。
I’m sorry I blew up at you 对不起，我对你发脾气了。
The soldiers planned to blow up the bridge but had to give up because a storm blew up.
士兵决定炸掉大桥，但放弃了，因为暴风雨大作。
The air has leaked out of this football. Could you get it blown up?
这个足球已经漏气了，你能给它充上气吗？
③blow away吹走：
A storm is coming! Tie things down before they blow away! 
刮风暴了！快把东西系好，别刮跑了！
She just totally blew me away with her singing.她的歌声让我完全陶醉其中。
④blow down吹倒：The stick house is easy to blow down.这间树枝造的房子很容易就被吹倒。
The trees blown down in the storm have been moved off the road.
在暴风雨中被吹倒的树被移离了道路。
⑤blow off(从)吹掉，(从)吹走，放气：
I’m afraid that the wind might Blow off the roof.我怕风可能会吹走屋顶。
Blow the dust off that book, please.请把那本书上的灰尘吹掉。
blue n.蓝色：I’d like some curtains with some blue in them.我想要几块带点儿蓝色的窗帘。
adj. ①蓝色的：The sky is bright blue.天空是蔚蓝色的。
②沮丧的，忧郁的：He looks blue.他看上去情绪低落。
board n.①木板，板子，布告板：
Will you draw the nails from this board?请你把钉子从这块木板上拔出来好吗？
After getting the work done, we put up a board reminding people to protect the trees.
这项完成工作后，我们立了一块布告板，提醒人们保护树木。
②膳食，伙食：How much do you pay for board?你付多少伙食费？
③委员会，董事会：
Her election to the board of directors caused great surprise.她被选进董事会，令人大为吃惊。
④船舷或机舱：
At night you will sleep on board the ship.晚上你将睡在船上。
A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people on board.
一架小型飞机在城东5英里处的山坡上坠毁，机上4人全部遇难。
v.①上(船、火车、飞机)：We said goodbye and boarded the train.我们道别后就登上了火车。
②供膳宿：We boarded at our school because we lived too far away.因为住得太远，我们便在学校寄宿。
boat n.小船：They crossed the river by boat in a boat.他们坐小船渡河。
vi.坐小船游玩：Let’s go boating on the lake.我们到湖里去划船吧。
body n.①身体，躯体：We wear clothes to keep our bodies warm.我们穿衣以保持身体温暖。
②尸体：A man’s body was found in the woods this morning.今天早上在这个树林里发现了一具男尸。
③主体部分：We sat in the body of the hall.我们坐在会场的大厅中。
【拓展】body是相对于精神(mind, spirit, soul)的身体以及侧重指躯体的身体，不用于指健康状况的“身体”，如“他身体健康”不能译为His body is healthy，可译为He is in good health.或 He is healthy.
boil v.沸腾，煮，煮沸：
100℃ is the temperature at which water will boil.100度是水沸腾的温度。
Could you boil some water for me to make tea?你能否烧点开水让我沏茶？
If you have a high fever, you should drink a lot of boiled water.如果你发了高烧。你应该很很多开水。
bomb n.炸弹：The FBI and Capitol Police arrested a man named Friday because he intended to set off a suicide bomb at the U.S. Capitol.美国联邦调查局和国会警察星期五逮捕了一名男子，因为他企图在国会大厦引爆自杀炸弹。
v.轰炸：There can be little doubt that bombing Libya would drive thousands more to take up arms.
毫无疑问，轰炸利比亚将使数千人拿起武器。
bond n.①(具有法律效力的)书面协定，合同：enter into a bond订契约
②(政府或公司发行的)有息债券：45% National Savings bonds年利四分五厘的国家储蓄券
③联系，关系，纽带：
What makes the books so important is that because they appeal to readers of all ages, they create a special literary bond between parents and children.让这些书重要的是因为他们吸引了各个年龄段的读者，在父母和孩子之间创立了一种特殊的文学联系。
The two villages have a close bond and often help each other.这两个村子关系亲密，经常互相帮助。
Iron was used to symbolize the strength of the couples bond.过去铁被用来象征着夫妇间坚韧的纽带。
④(用单数)连接，连结，接合，结合，粘合：
This new glue makes a firmer bond.新胶水粘得更牢。
v.使结合，为……作保，粘合：
The company refused to bond a former criminal.这家公司拒绝为一个前科罪犯作保。
These two different materials won’t bond together.这两种不同材料粘合不起来。
The players are bonded by a spirit that is rarely seen in an English team.
队员们是靠一种精神拧成了一股绳，这种精神在英格兰球队中颇为鲜见。
bone n.骨(头)，(鱼)刺：
He broke a bone in the leg.他摔断了腿骨。
This fish has got a lot of bones in it.这种鱼的鱼刺很多。
Tom, you the lazy bone! You left the dishes unwashed again!汤姆，你个懒骨头！你又没洗盘子！
bonus n ①红利，奖金，额外津贴：
The staff were tickled pink when the company announced a fat bonus for everyone.
公司宣布给每个人发一笔丰厚的奖金时，员工们都高兴极了。
②意外收获，(购货时的)奉送品
The children like their new house very much and it’s a real bonus that there is a swimming pool nearby.
孩子们非常喜欢他们的新房子，更令人喜出望外的是附近有个游泳池。
He received a box of cookies as a bonus when he bought coffee at the shop.
他在商店买咖啡时，意外地得到了一盒免费赠送的饼干。
book n.①书：I’ve read your book with pleasure.我已高兴地拜读了你的大作。
②卷，册：This is Book One.这是第一册。
v.预订：— Could I have the small table by the window?
— Sorry, sir. It has been booked in advance.
“我能坐窗户旁边的那张小桌子吗？”“对不起，先生。已经有人提前预定了。”
booklet n.小册子：This booklet defines the committee’s functions.这本小册子说明该委员会的职能。
boom n.①隆隆响：
He compared the sound of the thunder to the boom of big guns.他把雷声比喻为大炮的隆隆声。
②繁荣，景气：
Since the opening and reform policy, China has been enjoying a boom in its economy.
自从改革开放政策以来，中国一直经济繁荣。
vi.①隆隆响：Guns are booming.炮声隆隆。
②迅速增长，趋于繁荣：Business is booming.生意日趋繁荣。
Since the middle of the last year, the bike-sharing market has boomed in Beijing.
自去年年中以来，自行车分享市场在北京蓬勃发展。
Nowhere else can you make your fortune except where the economy is booming．
除了经济繁荣的地方之外，没有什么地方你能发财致富的。
boot n.长统靴，靴：a pair of boots一双长筒靴
border n.边缘，边境，国界：She wore a blue dress with a white border.她穿着一件镶有白边的蓝衣服。
We crossed the border into Switzerland.我们从边境进入瑞士国境。
UN peacekeeping forces are expected to take up positions along the border between the countries.
预计联合国维和部队将在两国边境沿线建立据点。结合句意可知答案为D。
【拓展】border v.接壤：
Lying in the Middle East, Jordan holds a key strategic position, bordering both Israel and Iraq.
约旦位于中东，与以色列和伊拉克接壤，处于重要的战略地位。
bored adj.感到无趣(或无聊)的，厌烦的：
I’m bored with this job.我对这件工作厌烦了。
I was bored to death before the first day was out.第一天还没过去我就烦得要命了。
—You can have a pet dog, but suppose you get bored with it in a few days? Then what?
—We won’t, we promise!
“你可以养只宠物狗，但是假如过了几天你厌烦了呢？下一步会怎么样呢？”
“我们保证不会厌烦的。”
boring adj.枯燥乏味的，无聊的，使人厌烦的：
I don’t think this film is by far the most boring.我认为这部电影到目前为止还不是最无聊的。
Some aspects of a pilot’s jobcan be boring,and pilots often have towork at inconvenient hours.
飞行员的工作在一些方面可能是枯燥乏味的。飞行员不得不在不方便的时间进行工作。
【拓展】bored与boring：前者指(心理感受)感到厌烦，后者指(事物或事情所具有的性质或特征)令人厌烦：
Those relatives were boring people. After a few days, I was getting bored and homesick.
那些亲戚是一些让我感到厌倦的人，几天以后我就厌倦了开始想家了。
他的课很让我厌烦，我实在不能忍受了！
His class bore me badly, and I cannot stand it!
=I am bored by his class, and I cannot stand it!
=I feel bored to his class, and I cannot stand it!
=His class is boring, and I cannot stand it!
born adj.天生的，出生的：
George is a born leader and is popular among his classmates.
乔治是个天生的领导者，在同学中很受欢迎。
The baby was born at 8 o’clock.这婴儿是八点钟出生的。
borrow v.(向/从……)借：
The book is now out of print, but it can easily be borrowed from libraries.
这本书现已绝版，但很容易从图书馆借到。
You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast.
可以借用我的车子只要你承诺不要开车太快。
In our global village, we can see that it’s not uncommon for one language to borrow words from other languages.在我们的地球村，我们可以看到一种语言借用其他语言的词汇并不罕见。
Some people neither borrow nor lend.有的人既不借也不贷。
boss n.领班，老板：I’m going to ask the boss for a day off work.我要向老板请一天假。
botany n.植物学：Botany is the study of plants.植物学是研究植物的。
both pron.两者，双方：Why not use both?何不两者都用？
adj.两者的，双方的，两个的：There are shops on both sides of the street.街的两边都有商店。
conj.(用于both…and…)：
He is both a soldier and a poet.他既是个战士，又是个诗人。
A good manager is both competent and efficient.好的经理应当是称职而且有效。
They have both behaved very badly and I am very hurt.们俩都很不友善，让我很受伤害。
bother v.①打扰，烦扰：Don’t bother him. He’s very busy.不要打扰他，他很忙。
②麻烦，费心，操心：
Don’t bother with about it.别为此操心。
—I need to advertise for a roommate for next term.
—________? Mary is interested.
“我需要登广告找个下个学期的合租者。”“费那个劲做嘛？玛丽对此事感兴趣。”
n.麻烦，焦虑：We had a lot of bother finding our way.我们经过很多麻烦才找到这里。
【拓展】表示费心做某事，动词bother后可接不定式或动名词，也可接about doing sth：
You needn’t bother to come up(about)coming up.你不必费心来了。
bottle n.①瓶子：He took the empty bottles back to the shop.他把空瓶送回店里。
②(用单数)酒，瓶中之物：He is fond of the bottle.他喜欢喝酒。
bottom n.底(部)，尽头，远处：He is at the bottom of the class.他在班上排名垫底。
When I was a little girl, my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain.
当我还是个小女孩的时候，我的家人搬到了一座大山脚下的小镇上。
The cinema is at the bottom of the street.电影院在街的尽头。
【拓展】get to the bottom of弄清……的底细，找到起因，挖出祸根：
She got suspicious and decided to get to the bottom of it.她起了疑惑，便决定弄个水落石出。
The young women were determined to get to the bottom of the matter.
那些年轻妇女决定对之间事情要追根问底了。
bounce v.(使)弹起，弹回，颠簸：
The ball bounces well.这个球弹性很好。
The bus bounced along the road.巴士沿著大路颠簸而行。
Bungee jumping is a sport where a person makes a vertical jump from a high platform with a rubber cord tied to their ankles so that they bounce.蹦极是一项运动，一个人从高空跳台上垂直跳起，脚踝上系着一根橡皮绳，这样他们就能弹起。
n.①弹起，弹回：The ball gave a high bounce.球高高地弹起来。
②弹力：The ball has plenty of bounce.球的弹力很好。
boundary n.①界线，边界：the boundary between Canada and the United States美加国界
②界限，范围：It’s beyond the boundaries of human knowledge.它超出了人类的知识范围。
The boundary of an area of land is a line in people’s imagination that separates it from other areas.
一块地的面积的边界是人们想象中的一条线，它把它与其他地区分开。
bow v.鞠躬，鞠躬表示：He bowed his thanks.他鞠躬致谢。
It is the custom for people to bow to one another in Japan. When Fred visited that country he bowed too, even though he felt awkward doing it.在日本向别人鞠躬是一种礼仪。当弗雷德去拜访的时候，尽管他觉得这样做很尴尬，但是他还是鞠躬了。
n.鞠躬，点头：He answered with a bow.他点头表示回答。
bowl n.碗：a bowl of soup一碗汤
bowling n.保龄球运动：I go bowling for relaxation.我打保龄球是为了消遣。
box n.①盒，箱，匣：He bought a box of fruit.他买了一箱水果。
②小房间，包厢：a box at the theatre戏院的包厢
③(与其他名词连用)小亭：money box收费亭 telephone box电话亭
boxing n.拳击(运动)：I enjoyed all the sports with the exception of boxing.除了拳击，我喜欢所有的运动。
boy n.男孩：Is he your boy friend?他是你的男朋友？
boycott v.①联合抵制，经济抵制：They’re boycotting the shop.他们联合抵制那家商店。
—This kind of food is said to contain poisonous chemicals.
—So why not boycott it?
“这种食品据说含有化学毒物。”“那为什么不联合抵制它昵？”
②拒绝出席，拒绝参加：He boycotted the meeting.他拒绝出席会议。
brain n.脑(子)，头脑，智力：
He hasn’t got much brain/has very little brains.他没什么头脑。
Use your brain(s).动动脑子。
Where’s your brains?你的脑子到哪里去了(你怎么不动动脑子)？
【拓展】表示“头脑”、“智力”等，是不可数名词，但也可拼写 brains(仍不可数)，所以可以说 much brain(s)或 little brain(s)，但不能说many brains或few brains。但值得注意的是，brain 表示此义时虽为不可数名词，但却可与不定冠词连用：He has a good brain.他头脑好。
brake n.闸：I stepped on the brakes and slowed the car down.我踩煞车，把车速放慢。
v.刹车：The driver braked quickly to avoid an accident.司机紧急刹车来避免一场车祸。
branch n.①树枝，分枝：A bird is standing on a branch of the tree.有只鸟落在树枝上。
②分公司，分店，支部：The bank has branches all over the country.这家银行在全国都有分行。
brand n.商标，牌子，烙印：
Winston is a brand of cigarette.“温斯顿”是一个香烟品牌。
Drugs can be sold under different brand names throughout the EU.
药品可以用不同的商标在欧盟各国出售。
Perhaps, each time all has each time brand mark? 
也许，每个时代都有每个时代的烙印吧？
The cowboy will brand the cattle.这牛仔将在这些牛身上打上烙印
brave adj.勇敢的：
A film will be made in memory of those brave fire fighters.
为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士，一部电影即将开拍。
bravery n.勇气，勇敢：
He showed great bravery in face of danger.在危险面前他表现出非常勇敢。
She has been given a bravery award by her school.她被学校授予勇敢奖。
bread n.面包：I baked a loaf of bread.我烤了一个面包。
break v.(broke, broken)
①打破，折断，打碎：The stone broke the window.石头打坏了窗户。
②弄坏，损坏：I broke my watch when I fell over.我跌倒时摔坏了手表。
③违背，违犯：Don’t break the rules.别犯规。
④破(纪录)，超过：He broke the world record.他打破了世界记录。
⑤中断：Let’s break for a meal.让我们休息一下去吃饭吧。
n.①间隙，裂缝：The sun shone through a break in the clouds.阳光从云缝中照射出来。
②(工间、课间)休息时间：Let’s take a ten-minute break.我们休息10 分钟吧。
【拓展】常考的break动词短语的意义见下列例句：
The southern states wanted to break away from the union so a war broke out.
南部诸州想要脱离联邦于是一场战争爆发了。
The thief broke away from the policeman.小偷从警察那逃脱了。
You must break away from such habits.你必须改掉那些习惯。
The car broke down after an hour’s driving.车子开了一个小时就坏了。
She broke down as she was singing.她没唱完，就突然停住了。
After many years, rocks break down into dirt.经过许多年，岩石分解成泥土。
Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.水可以分解为氢和氧。
He broke in and stole my money.他闯进来偷了我的钱。
I locked myself out of our apartment and had to break in.
我把自己锁在了我们的公寓外面，不得不破门而入。
Don’t break in when he is telling the story.他讲故事的时候别打断他(别插嘴)。
There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break into the house...
附近没有人可能会看见他试图闯入房子里。
She finally broke into films after an acclaimed stage career.
她在取得舞台生涯的成功后，最终进入电影界发展。
Hearing the news, she broke into tears.听到这个消息，她就哭了起来。
Influenza usually breaks out in winter.流感通常发生在冬季。
Civil war could come if the country breaks up.如果国家分裂就会爆发内战。
Fred has given me no good reason for wanting to break up our marriage.
弗雷德没能给我一个想要结束我们婚姻的正当理由。
A neighbor asked for the music to be turned down and the party broke up.
因为一个邻居要求把音乐音量调低，聚会便散了。
It’s the last week before they break up, and they’re doing all kinds of Christmas things.
这是放假前的最后一周，他们正在为圣诞节作各种准备。
Rubber bullets were used to break up the demonstration.橡皮子弹被用来驱散示威人群。
Shall we break off our discussion and have some tea?我们停下我们的讨论，喝茶好吗？
I broke through the poverty barrier and it was education that did it. 
我摆脱了贫困，这要归功于教育。
Sunlight has broken through the clouds.阳光冲破了云层。
We attempted to break through the lines of the enemy.我们企图突破敌人的封锁线.
breakfast n.早餐：What shall we have for breakfast?我们早饭吃什么?
breakthrough n.突破，穿透，重要技术成就：
To make a breakthrough in his scientific research, the scientist has been making a tremendous amount of effort.这位科学家为了让科研有突破，付出了巨大的努力。
breast n.①乳房：She gave the breast to her baby.她给婴儿喂奶。
②胸部：The coat is too tight at the breast.这件衣服胸部太紧了。
breath n.气息，呼吸：
The patient’s breath grew stronger.病人的呼吸强些了。
I’ll love you as long as I have breath.我终身爱你。
【拓展】①catch one’s breath/get one’s breath喘口气：
He entered the house, but soon had to run back to catch his breath.
他进入房子，但由于烟雾很大，他很快不得不跑回来喘口气。
Let me get my breath.让我喘口气。
②hold one’s breath屏住气：How long can you hold your breath?你能屏住气多久？
hold one’s breath against屏住呼吸对抗，即使全力对抗
The city holds its breath against the terrible possibility of such things happening again.
这座城市全力防止这样的事情可能再次发生。
③lose one’s breath喘不过气来，气喘吁吁：
While climbing up the stairs I always lose my breath.我爬楼梯时总是气喘吁吁。
④take a deep breath/take deep breaths(作)深呼吸：
I’ll stop and take a deep breath/take deep breaths.我要停下来深呼吸。
⑤out of breath上气不接下气：
I was out of breath after running for the bus.我因为追赶公共汽车，弄得上气不接下气。
⑥breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，透不过气来的，(紧张得)屏住气息的：
He was breathless from running.他跑得上气不接下气的。
breathless listeners of the mystery story屏息静听神秘故事的听众
breathe v.呼吸：A plant breathes through its leaves.植物通过叶子呼吸。
I went out to breathe the fresh air.我走出户外呼吸新鲜空气。
If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain.如果你在户外运动，你的身体会学会深呼吸，让更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。
brick n.砖块：The bread was as hard as a brick.这面包硬得像块砖。
bride n.新娘：The bride wore a beautiful white dress.新娘穿了一身美丽的白色礼服。
bridegroom n.新郎：The bridegroom was dressed in a grey suit.新郎穿一套灰色礼服。
bridge n.桥，桥牌：
They built a bridge over/across the river.他们在河上架了一座桥。
Don’t cross the bridge until you come to it.(谚)不要杞人忧天/还没到桥头，别为过桥愁。。
You’ll find English a bridge to so much knowledge.你会发现英语是通向如此丰富知识的桥梁。
I have not the least idea about how to play bridge.我一点儿不知道怎样打桥牌。
brief adj.简洁的，短暂的：
The following card includes a brief summary and a short assessment of a research paper.
以下卡片包括对研究论文的简要总结和简短评估。
Please be brief. We don’t have much time.我们时间不多，你就大略说说吧。
【拓展】in brief总之，简单地说，简而言之：
In brief, it has been an exciting day.总之，这一天过得很带劲。
bright adj.①聪明的：The child is very bright.这小孩非常聪明。
No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it ‘s better to remain silent.
不管你是一个多么聪明的说客，但有时候保持沉默更好。
②明亮的，晴朗的：What a bright sunny day!好一个艳阳天！
③鲜艳的：She likes bright clothes.她喜欢鲜艳的衣服。
④愉快的：Her face was bright with happiness.她喜气洋洋。
⑤美好的，前途光明的：
What you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
你在会上所说的话描绘了公司美好的未来。
He has a bright future as a poet.作为一名诗人，他前途光明。
【拓展】brighten v.使变亮，使生辉，发亮，开颜：
White paint will brighten the room.白色油漆会使房间显得明亮。
He brightened(up)when he heard the good news.他听到这个好消息时喜形于色。
You sure know how to brighten your grandma’s day.你一定有办法让你奶奶生日快乐。
brilliant adj.①光辉的，辉煌的，卓越的，灿烂的，精彩的，出色的：
He has got brilliant achievements in the field of physics.他在物理学方面已经取得了卓越的成就。
The brilliant sun lit up their rooms.灿烂的阳光照亮了他们的屋子。
Memory is like a living book whose brilliant fragments worth reading a hundred times in my life.
回忆就像是一本生动的书，生活中那些精彩的片段令我百读不厌。
At the meeting, all the people were deeply impressed with her brilliant report.
会议上，所有人都对他精彩的报告留下了深刻的印象。
The novel is considered a brilliant performance.这部小说被认为是出色的佳作。
I went to that fancy restaurant with my wife yesterday, whose chefs are really brilliant.
昨天我和妻子去了那家高级餐厅，餐厅的厨师真是太棒了。
②有才能的，才华横溢的：She’s brilliant but self-effacing.她才华横溢而不露锋芒。
bring(brought, brought) v.
①拿来，带来：You are welcome to bring your girlfriend to the party.欢迎你带你的女朋友来参加聚会。
②引起，导致：The sad news brought tears to her eyes.这个伤心的消息使她哭了起来。
③引来，带来：Her cries brought the neighbors.她的叫喊声引来了邻居。
【拓展】常考bring动词短语的意义见下列例句：
What brought about his illness?他的病是怎样引起的?
His wise investment of his capital has brought about a great change in his life.
他对资本的精明投放已使他的生活发生巨变。
Science has brought about many change in our lives.科学为我们生活带来了很多变化。
Your article brought back sad memories for me.你的文章使我想起了伤心的往事。
The wood had been recently polished to bring back the shine.木头最近经过抛光又恢复了光泽。
Please bring back the book tomorrow.请明天送还这本书。
We managed to bring down three of the enemy planes.我们设法击落了三架敌机。
The government tried to bring down the price.政府设法降低价格。
His challenge to Mrs. Thatcher brought her down.他的挑战导致了撒切尔夫人的下台。
Trees bring forth fruit.树结果实。
The election date had to be brought forward by two months.选举日期必须提前两个月。
Next month the Commission is to bring forward its first proposals for action
下月该委员会将提出它的首批行动建议。
We brought in a good harvest last year.我们去年获得了好的收成。
I have three part-time jobs, which bring in about £14,000 a year.
我有3份兼职工作，一年能挣大约14,000英镑。
The firm decided to bring in a new management team.该公司决定引进新的管理团队。
A new system of taxation will be brought into effect next year.新的税收制度将于明年实行。
He has brought out two new books at the same time.他同时出版了两本新书。
I want to bring out clearly all the issues that are involved.我想把所涉问题都清楚地提出来。
She was so shocked that she could hardly bring out a word.
她十分震惊，几乎连一句话也说不出来。
Why bring that up again?又提它干吗？
He was brought up in the country.他在农村长大。
His grandmother and his father brought him up.是他的祖母和父亲把他养大的。
There the birds nest and bring up their young.这些鸟在那里筑巢并哺育幼鸟.
He gave much attention and thought to bring up his children.  
他在教育孩子方面花了大量的心血。
Martin has been bringing up all morning.马丁整个早上都在呕吐。
broad adj.①宽的，宽广的：How broad is the river?这条河有多宽？
The room is three meters long and two meters broad.房间三米长，两米宽。
He was tall, with broad shoulders and a beard that turned from black to gray over the years.
他高个儿，肩膀宽宽的，多年来所蓄的胡须从黑色变成了灰色。
②广泛的，广博的：That professor has a broad knowledge of history.那位教授有广博的历史知识。
③概括的：The book gives a broad introduction to Chinese history.这本书概括地介绍了中国历史。
【拓展】broaden v.扩大，拓宽：
Traveling is a good way to explore different cultures and broaden the mind.
旅行是探索不同文化扩大视野的一种好方法。
This is a small city. Therefore, to speed up the flow of traffic, the government has decided to broaden some main streets.这是个小城市。因此，为了加快交通流量，政府决定拓宽一些主要街道。
broadcast(broadcast, broadcast)
v.广播，报道：
The TV play series, broadcast on CCTV­1 lately, is in honor of the 100th anniversary of the incident.
前不久在中央一台播放的电视剧是为了纪念这一事件一百周年。
It is broadcast on TV that the 88th Academy Award Ceremony was held in Dolby Theatre which
seats an audience of approximately 4, 000.在Dolby剧院举行的第88届奥斯卡颁奖典礼在电视上播出，这个剧院能容纳约4000观众。
The Olympics are broadcast live by satellite.奥运会实况通过人造卫星直播。
n.广播(节目)：The news broadcast will be at 9:00.新闻广播将在9点开始。
brochure n.小册子：
I’m writing to recommend a picture which can be used in the brochure to remind the students of the pleasure of reading. 我写这封信是为了推荐一张可以用在小册子中来提醒学生阅读乐趣的图片。
The computer’s features are detailed in our brochure.
该计算机的特点在我们的小册子中有详细介绍。
He gave me a holiday brochure.他给了我一本度假指南。
broken adj.①破碎的，损坏的，折断的：Be careful of the broken glass.小心碎玻璃。
Approaching the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.
走近那辆车时，他们看到一个女子正试图从破窗户里出来。
②违反的，不守约的：
Many a broken promise has left a broken heart.许多毁约使人碎心。
③(语言)拙劣的，结结巴巴的：
Eric could only respond in broken English.埃里克只能用蹩脚的英语回答。
He can only speak in broken English.他只能说一口结结巴巴的英语。
broom n.扫帚：A new broom sweeps clean.新扫帚扫得干净(新官上任三把火)。
brother n.兄，弟：The man who captained the home team is my brother.率领主队的是我的兄弟。
brown n.褐色，棕色：She likes to wear dark brown.她喜欢穿深棕色衣服。
adj.褐色的，棕色的：He’s very brown after his holiday.他度假回来后，皮肤晒成了褐色。
brunch n.早午饭(晚早饭)：We had brunch on Sunday at 11:00 am.我们星期日上午11点吃早午餐。
【拓展】brunch=breakfast(早餐)+lunch(午餐)。
brush v.①刷，擦：
Don’t leave the water running when you brush your teeth.
当你在刷牙的时候，不要让水一直都流淌着。
She brushed the dust off my coat.她给我刷掉外套上的灰尘。
Brush away your tear with this handkerchief.用这条手帕把你的眼泪擦掉吧。
②轻擦，掠过(某人/某物)
She brushed past him.她和他擦肩而过。
His hand accidentally brushed against hers.他的手无意之中碰了一下她的手。
The leaves brushed her cheek.叶子轻拂她的面颊。
n.①刷子：He was painting with a brush.他在用刷子刷漆。
②(一)刷：Give my hat a brush.给我的帽子刷一刷。
【拓展】brush up 重温，复习：
I had planned to brush up my Spanish.我曾计划好好温习一下我的西班牙语。
Buddhism n.佛教：Buddhism began as a form of Hinduism.佛教开始时是印度教的一种形式。
budget n.①预算：
Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task, but she made it look effortless.
管理家庭预算肯定是一项非常艰巨的任务，但她让这看起来很轻松。
I have a tight budget for the trip, so I’m not going to fly unless the airlines lower ticket prices.
我的旅行预算比较紧张，所以除非机票降价否则我是不会乘飞机的。
②专用开支，专款：the monthly budget for a family of three一家三口的每月生活费
【拓展】把……编入预算，谨慎花钱：
Ten million francs has been budgeted for the project.为该工程已编制了一千万法郎的预算。
If we budget carefully, we’ll be able to afford the trip.
我们精打细算一点，就能够负担这次旅行。
The project has been budgeted at ten million francs.
该工程已制订一千万法郎的预算。
buffet n.快餐柜台，自助餐：
We serve buffet during lunchtime only.我们只在午餐时间供应自助餐。
In the corner of the room there was a small buffet.在屋子角落里有一小的餐具柜。
build(built, built)
v.①建筑，建造：
The ancient temple was built of wood.这座古庙是木结构的。
We built a large ship last year.我们去年造了一艘大轮船。
②建设：We are building socialism.我们正在建设社会主义。
【拓展】build up意义见下列例句：
That is why exercise has been shown to build up your self-respect.
那就是为什么锻炼能增强你的自尊。
Dr. Johnson and I have been trying to build him up physically. 
约翰逊医生和我一直试图增强他的体质。
She has always been encouraged to swim to build up the strength of her muscles 
一直有人鼓励她去游泳以强健体魄。
Bears build up fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.熊在夏季和秋季逐渐增加其脂肪的储存，积蓄足够的能量使它们度过冬眠。
The regime built up the largest army in Africa.该政权逐渐建立起一支非洲规模最大的军队。
It is easier to pull down than to build up.拆房容易盖房难。
The more confidence you build up in yourself, the greater are your chances of success. 
树立的自信心越强，成功的把握就越大。
It’s necessary for a language learning student to build up vocabulary.
对于学习语言的人来说，积累词汇是非常必要的。
building n.建筑物，房屋，大楼：That building has sixty floors.那栋大楼有60层高。
bump v.①颠簸：The car bumped its way slowly down the drive.汽车沿车道颠簸行进。
②撞上，碰上：
In the dark I bumped into a chair.黑暗中我撞上了一把椅子。
Mind you. Don’t bump your head on the low ceiling when you go upstairs for sleep.
当心。上楼睡觉时，不要把头撞在低矮的天花板上。
③突然增加，提高：The extra cost will bump up the price.额外的成本会使价格猛涨。
n.碰撞(声)，撞击(声)，肿块，隆起物：
He fell to the ground with a bump.他砰的养生摔倒在地上。
How did you get that bump on your forehead?你额头上怎么起了个包？
bunch n.①一束，一串：He sent her a bunch of flowers. 他给她送去了一束花。
②一群，一伙：The whole bunch of thieves was arrested.这伙窃贼全部被捕。
burden n.重担，重负，责任，义务：
A donkey can carry a heavy burden.驴子能负重载。
Life has become a burden to him.生活对他来说已经成了负担。
The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
睡前摄入的脂肪越多，晚上身体承受的负担就越大。
【拓展】v.使……负重担，加负担于……：
I don’t want to burden you with my problem.我不想让我的问题给你添麻烦。
He was burdened with worries.他忧心忡忡。
The economy was further burdened by a flood of refugees.
难民大批涌来使经济负担愈加沉重。
Teenagers in Britain are heavily burdened with debts.英国的青少年负债累累。
bureaucratic adj.官僚的，官僚主义的，官僚作风的，繁文缛节的：
The sweat of labour washed away his bureaucratic airs. 劳动的汗水冲掉了他身上官僚习气。
burglar n.(夜间闯入室内的)夜盗：
How would you deal with an armed burglar?遇到持有武器的盗贼，你将如何对付？
burn(burnt, burnt或burned, burned) v.
①燃烧：Paper burns easily.纸容易燃烧。
②烧焦，烧伤，烧坏，烧毁：
The meat has burned.肉烧焦了/糊了。
He burned her letter.他把她的信烧了。
③晒黑：She was badly burnt by the sun.她被太阳光严重晒伤。
④发光，照亮：He slept with the light burning.他睡觉时让灯亮着。
⑤发热，炙热：the burning sand 炙热的沙子
⑥热衷：Everybody is burning to know the good news.大家都急于想知道这则好消息。
n.烧伤，晒伤：The fireman suffered severe burns.消防员严重烧伤。
【拓展】burning燃烧的，发热的，急切的，(欲望等)炽烈的，强烈的
I had a burning ambition to become a journalist.我热切期盼成为一名记者。
burst(burst, burst)v.突然发生，突然发作：
A broad smile burst forth on his face.他顿时笑容满面。
Don’t burst into my bedroom without knocking.请不要不敲门而冒然闯入我的卧室。
She burst into tears(laughter).她突然哭(笑)起来。
She burst out crying(laughing).她突然哭(笑)起来。
【拓展】burst into和burst out都可表示突然进入某种状态或发生某种情况，但前者通常后接名词，后者通常后接动名词。见上述例句。
bury v.①埋葬：They buried the dead after the battle.战斗结束他们把死者掩埋了。
②隐藏，掩蔽：The paper was buried under a pile of books.那份文件被埋在书堆下。
They watch where others bury their food and steal it.他们看着别人把食物藏在哪里然后偷走。
The thunder was so loud that he buried his head in his hands and rubbed his eyes.
雷声太大了，他用双手护着头(字面意思：把头埋在手中)，揉了揉眼睛。
【拓展】①be buried in=bury oneself in 埋头于，专心于：
The man buried himself in work.这个人埋头工作。
He was buried in thought.他在沉思。
②burial n.埋葬，葬礼：The dead sailor was given a burial at sea.死去的水手被海葬。
bus n.公共汽车：He must be coming by bus.他一定是坐公共汽车来。
You can take Bus No.106.你可以乘106路公共汽车。
bush n.灌木丛，矮树丛：A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.二鸟在树上不如一鸟在手中(多得不如现得)。
business n.①工作，职业：Selling books is my business.卖书是我的本行。
②生意，买卖：Business has been bad this year.今年生意很糟糕。
③商店，公司：He has a business in the town.他在城里有一家商店。
④职责，本分：It’s a teacher’s business to help children learn.教师的责任就是要帮助孩子们学习。⑤事务，事情：What’s your business here?你来干什么？
【拓展】①Business is business.公事公办(即不讲交情等)。
②get down to business认真干事，开始谈正经事：
It’s time we got down to business.我们该认真办事了。
③mind one’s own business管好自己的事，不干涉别人的事
④none of one’s business与某人无关，不关某人的事：
It’s none of your business.这不关你的事(你少管闲事)。
⑤on business因公，出差，办事：
I’m here on business, not for pleasure.我是来办公事，不是来玩的。
businessman/woman (pl businessmen/women)
n.(男)商人，(男)企业家，(女)商人，(女)企业家
Jason is a successful young businessman.杰森是个成功的年轻商人。
Have you heard that the local store, standing empty for so long, is taken over by a bright young businesswoman?你听说当地一家商店空了这么久，被一个聪明的年轻女商人接管了吗？
busy adj.忙(碌)的：
He’s always busy with/at/in/over/about his work.他总是忙于工作。
He is busy getting ready for his journey.他正忙着为旅行做准备。
but conj.但是，可是：She is American but she lives in England.她是美国人，但住在英国。
prep.除了，除……外：
There is no one here but me.除了我以外，这里没别人。
We had no choice but to wait.我们除了等待之外别无其他选择。
I want nothing but the truth from you.我只需要你说出真相。
adv.仅仅，只：
I want to say nothing but sorry.我只想说对不起。
He can but admit that it was his fault.他只得承认这是他的错误。
【拓展】①can but只能，只好：I can but wait.我只能等着。
②cannot but不得不，禁不住：I cannot but admire him.我不得不佩服他。
③but for若不是，要不是(通常连用虚拟语气)：
Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison.
要不是爱迪生的发明，今天我们现在从中获益的很多东西都将不复存在。
But for the atmosphere plants would die.如果没有大气，植物就会死亡。
④not…but…不是……而是……：
What counts is not what you are, but what you want to be. 
重要的不是你是什么，而是你想成为什么。
Your value is not what you possess, but what you contribute. 
你的价值不在于你拥有什么，而在于你奉献了什么。
对比：not only…but (also)…不但……而且……：
Not only Jim but also his wife saw her. 
不但吉姆而且他妻子也见到了她。
Not only do they need water, but they are also short of food. 
他们不但需要水，而且还缺少食物。
His name is known not only in China, but in the whole world 
他不仅在中国出名，而且在全世界也出名。
⑤have no choice but to do=do nothing but do除了……别无/从不……：
We had no choice but to wait.我们除了等待之外别无其他选择。
He never did anything but watch TV.除了看电视，他从不干任何事。
butcher n.肉店，屠夫：I’m going to the butcher’s.我到肉铺去。
butter n.黄油，奶油：Do you want some butter on your bread?你的面包上要不要抹点黄油？
butterfly n.蝴蝶：Butterflies are the most beautiful of all insects.蝴蝶是所有昆虫中最美的。
【拓展】与定冠词连用，可表示“蝶泳”：
What are the elements of the butterfly stroke?蝶泳的泳姿动作要领是什么？
button n.纽扣，(电铃等的)按钮：A button of my blouse has come off.我上衣的一个纽扣掉了。
v.扣(纽扣)：It’s cold today so button your coat.今天天冷，你把上衣扣上吧。
buy v.买：The three rules used for the goods you buy can also be used for the goods you get on hire.
这三条规则适用于您购买的商品，也可用于您租用的商品。
by prep.①(表场所)在……旁边：Will you sit down here by the fire?请过来坐在火边好吗？
②(表行为者)被，由：The thief was caught by the police.小偷被警察抓住了。
③(表手段、方式等)用，以，凭，靠：I don’t like traveling by train.我不喜欢坐火车旅行。
④(表通过)沿着，经过：He came in by the back door.他从后门进来。
⑤(表部位)抓(握)……的地方：She held the child by the hand.她抓住小孩的手。
⑥(表时间)最迟在……之前：
By the time the doctor arrived the patient had died.在医生到达时，病人已经死了。
⑦在……期间，在……环境下：Cats sleep by day and hunt by night.猫白天睡觉，夜里捉老鼠。
⑧(表单位)以……计：They are paid by the hour (by the month).他们所得报酬按小时(月)计。
⑨(表基准或标准)根据，借着，按照：Never judge a person by his looks.千万不要以貌取人。
⑩(表数量或程度)相差，增减：
He is older by five years than me.他比我大5岁。
The population of the city has increased by 20 percent.这个城市的人口已增长了20%。
⑪(表示连续或渐变)逐渐，依次：It’s getting colder day by day.天气一天天冷起来了。
⑫(表原因)由于：He did it by mistake.他做那事是由于疏忽。
⑬(表乘、除、面积等)：Ten divided by two makes five.10除以2得5。
adv.经过，在旁边，靠近：
He hurried by and disappeared in the wood.他匆匆走过去，消失在森林里。
They were injured when a parked car exploded as they passed by.
他们经过时，一辆停放着的汽车爆炸了，他们受了伤。
【拓展】①by and by不久：
He will come back by and by.他不久就会回来。
By and by they got married.不久他们就结了婚。
②by and large总的说来：
By and large, money buys happiness only for those who lack the basic needs.
总的来说，只有对那些缺乏基本需要的人来说，钱才能买到快乐。
bye interj.再见：Good bye, and take care!再见，多保重！