专题11 并列句和状语从句（讲解版）-备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破学案

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专题11 并列句和状语从句
备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破（讲解版）
研究高考 明确考况
考查点
全国新高考卷
全国卷
命题分析
2021
2020
2021
2020
2019
并列句
卷I，62题，and
浙江高考1,56题and
卷I，37题，or
卷II，42题，and
甲卷，67题 but

卷II，67题，but

1、 并列连词是近几年高考的必考点之一，and、but、or、so、when、while等是考查重点。
2、 状语从句的考查主要集中在条件状语从句、让步状语从句、时间状语从句等，结果状语从句和原因状语从句偶尔也会涉及。
状语从句


乙卷，64题not...until...
卷III，65题when/ as
卷III，61题so...that
必备知识 整合提高
考点1、并列句
①、and, not only...but(also)…,both and..., neither...nor...等，表并列或递进关系。
●There the air is clean and the mountains are green.
那里空气清新,千山一碧。
●He not only read the book, but also remembered what he had read.
他不但读了这本书,而且还记得所读的内容。
②、but, yet, whereas等 ，表转折关系。
●The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
这次失败对他是个很的打击，但他并没有灰心，很快便像以前一样充满热情。
●Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not.
有一些研究显示出了积极的结果,但其他的则不然。
③、or, either...or..., not...but...等 ，表选择关系。
●Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.
要么你改进工作,要么我就辞退你。
④、for, so表因果关系。for连接的分句一般不放在句首。
●The leaves of trees are falling, for it's already autumn.
树叶掉落,因为秋天已经到了。
●Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, so plants can spread to new places.
一些动物将种子从一个地方带到一个地方,因此植物(的种子)可以被传播到新的地方。
⑤、and, or 表条件或结果,常用于“祈使句，and/or+陈述句”句型中。
●You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you.
你得让出路来,否则卡车无法从你身旁通过。
⑥、while 作并列连词时,强调两种情况的对比。
●I like black coffee while he prefers it with milk.
我爱喝不加奶的咖啡,而他更喜欢喝加牛奶的。
【特别注意】
when可用作并列连词,相当于 and at this// that time，意为“正在这/那时；突然”，用于下列句式：
①、sb. be about to do/going to do/ on the point of doing sth...when...(某人正要做某事,这时突然……)；
②、sb. be doing sth.when....(某人正在做某事,这时突然……)；
③、sb. had just done sth.when....(某刚做完某事,这时突然…...)。
● He was about to go out when the telephone rang. 他正要出去时,电话铃响了。
● He had just finished writing a report when the boss let him type a letter.
他刚写完一篇报告,老板就让他录入一封信件。
考点2 时间状语从句
Point 1 when, while和as引导的时间状语从句
①、when当…时，可与延续性动动词或非延续性动词连用，从句动作可以发生主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生。
②、while当…时，只可与延续性动词连用，强调主句的动作发生在从句动作持续的过程中。
③、as当……时；随着，常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生。
●The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions.
测验表明当我们作决定时,社会环境的影响非常大。
●When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn't sit quietly. 当一株绿叶植物受到攻击时,它不会坐以待毙。
●While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images.
孩子们在看电视的时候,不只是在吸收文字和影像信息。
●As he grew older, he became less active. 随着他逐渐长大,他变得不那么活泼了。
【特别注意】
如果主句表示的是非延续性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内持续进行的动作，则when, while与as可互換使用。
●When/While/As I was walking down the street. I came across an old friend.
我正沿着大待走时,碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。
Point 2 表示“一.......就……”含义的词或短语引导的时间状语从句。
(1)、有的名词短语或副词可作连词引导时间状语从句,如:the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly等,另外as soon as也可引导时间状语从句。
●For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start adjusting your biological clock to the destination's time.
例如,你一上飞机,就开始按照目的地的时间调整你的生物钟。
●The boy ran off the minute he saw the owner of the orchard.
那个男孩一看到果园的主人就胞开了。
(2)、在hardly/scarcely... when/before...和no sooner..than...结构中，主句用过去完成时,when, before或than所在的从用一般过去时。
●I had hardly told him the news when he stopped listening. 我一告诉他那则消息他就不听了。
●He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. 他一完成演讲,学生就开始欢呼。
【特别注意】
在 hardly/ scarcely...when/ before..., no sooner....than...结构中，当 hardly, scarcely或 no sooner位于向首时,主句要部分倒装。
They had hardly reached Edinburgh when they were ordered to return to London.
=Hardly had they reached Edinburgh when they were to return to London.
他们刚抵达爱丁堡就接到回伦敦的命令
Point 3 till ,until和not ...until/till...的用法
until, till两者均表示“直到......为止”，引导时间状语从句。在肯定句中，主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词，表示某动作一直持续到某时间为止。not... until...，not...til...两者均表示“直到…...才......”, not所在的主句中谓语动词必须为非延续性动词，表示某动作直到某时间才开始。 until可位于句首，而till不能。
●The father waited until his daughter had finished her homework. 那位父亲一直等到他的女儿做完作业。
●The baby didn’t go to bed until his mother returned. 这个孩子直到他的妈妈回来才睡觉。
Point 4 after和 before引导的时间状语从句
after表示“在...之后”， before表示“在…之前；还未…就......还没来得及……就
●He changed his name after he left his hometown离开家乡后他把名字改了。
●Before I could say anything more, Holmes had rushed off to war the station.
没等我把话说完,福尔摩斯已经急匆匆离去,直奔车站了。
【特别注意】
(1)、“ It will be/was+时间段+ before从句”表示在…之前还要多久/过了多久オ.......
● It will be half a year before I graduate. 半年后我才毕业。
(2) 、“ It won't be/wasn't+时间段+ before从句” 表示“过不了多久就………；没过多久就……”。
It wasn't long before we started. 没过多久我们就动身了。
Point 5 since引导的时间状语从句
since意为“自从…以来”，从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词一般是延续性动词。 since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。此外, since常用于以下句型：
It is/ has been+时间段+ since从句(常用一般过去时)
●They have been friends since they met for the first time in London.
自从在伦敦第一次见面以来,他们一直是朋友。
【特别注意】
“It is/ has be+时间段+ since从句(常用一般过去时)”句型的含义取决于从句的谓语动词是否为延续性动词。若从句谓语动词为延续性动词，则表示从该动作开始一直延续到现在多久；若从句谓语动词为非延续性动词，则表示从该动作结東到现在已经有多久了。
●It is three years since the war ended. 战争已经结束三年了
●It is three years since he lived here 他住在这里已经有三年了。
Point 6 其他常见名词短语引导的时间状语从句这类名词短语有：
every time每次 each time每次 any time任何时候 next time下次 all the time(在某段时间内)一直the first/ last time第一次/最后一次 the day/year那天/年
●Every time I meet her, I always forget her name. 每次我见到她时,我总记不起她的名字。
●The first time I met her, I thought her nice and honest. 我第一次见她时,就觉得她友好又诚实。
考点3 地点和原因状语从句
分考点1 地点状语从句
Point 地点状语从句可用 where, wherever等引导。地点状语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。
●If you happen to get lost in the wild, you'd better stay where you are and wait for help.
如果你刚好在野外迷路了,你最好待在你所在的地方等待救援。
●Wherever she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her. 她所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。
【特别注意】
where既可引导定语从句，也可引导状语从句。where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词,，where可替换成“介词+ which'”；而状语从句前则无先行词。
●You'd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. (定语从句)
●You'd better make a mark where you have any questions. (状语从句)
你最好在有问题的地方做个记号。
分考点2 原因状语从句
Point 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：
because因为 as由于 since因为;既然 now(that)既然 seeing(that)由于;鉴于
in that 由于;因为 considering(that)考虑到;鉴于
●I don't get lonely now because I make the effort to see people.
我现在不觉得孤独了,因为我尝试着与人交往。
●As it is fine, we shall go out for a walk. 因为天气不错，我们将外出散步。
●Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-- a lot of energy is lost during transmission.
因为照明设备经常距离电源很远—比如从一家发电厂到偏僻高速公路上的路灯的距离,因此在传输过程中很多电能丢失了。
【知识拓展】
(1)、when也可表示“既然”，引导原因状语从句。
●How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television?
既然他们把所有的空闲时间都用来看电视了,还怎么能学到东西呢?
(2)、除了状语从句外,一些介词短语同样可以表示原因,此类短语有; because of, thanks to, due to, owing to, on account of, as a result/ consequence of ，in view of等。
●Because of the weather, we had to put off the sports meeting. 由于天气原因,我们不得不推迟运动会。
考点4 目的和结果状语从句
分考点1目的状语从句
Point 1 in order that.与 so that引导的目的状语从句
二者都意为“以便……;为了…”，其引导的状语从句中谓语常用“情态动词+动词原形”。 in order that比 so that更为正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后;而 so that引导的从句一般置于主句之后。
●Speak louder so that/in order that the people in the hall can all hear you. 大点声讲,以便大厅里的人都能听见。
●In order that we might get there on time, we should set out early... 为了准时赶到那里,我们应该早点出发。
【特别注意】
当主从句的主语一致时, so that和 in order that引导的目的状语从句可以转换成相对应的动词不定式
结构。
●We got up early so that we could arrive in time.
-We got up early so as to arrive in time.
为了能及时赶到,我们起得很早。
●Betty saved money in order that she could buy a portable computer. -Betty saved money in order to buy a portable
computer.贝蒂存钱是为了买一台手提电脑。
Point 2 for fear that.与(just) in case引导的目的状语从句
for fear that意为“唯恐;生怕”;(just) in case意为“以防万一”。,
●Leave your key with your neighbor in case you lock yourself out one day.
留一把钥匙给你的邻居,以防哪天你把自己锁在门外。
●They locked themselves in their houses in case there was more trouble..他们把自己锁在家里,以防还会有麻烦。
分考点2结果状语从句
Point 引导结果状语从句的从属连词有
so...that...如此…...以至于...... so that以至于 such that以至于 such...that...如此…以至于…
so....that...与 such... that...引导结果状语从句的结构 形式为:
①、so+形容词/副词+that从句
②、so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句
③、so+many/much/few/ little((少)+名词+that从句
④、such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句
⑤、such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句
●He is so experienced a worker that we all believe in him.
=He is such an experienced worker that we all believe in him.
他是一位很有经验的工人,我们都信任他。
●He had so little education that he was unfit for the job.
他所受的教育很少,不适合做这份工作。
【特别注意】
(1)、在so...that...和such...that...结构中,当“so+adj/adv.” 或“such+n.”置于句首时,主句要部分倒装。
●So fast did he run that I couldn't catch him. 他跑得那么快,我抓不住他。
(2)、除结果状语从句外,too...to.…，… enough to.…，so…as to…，such...as to...等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。
●He got up too late to catch the first train.
=He didn't get up early enough to catch the first train.
=He got up so late as to miss the first train.
他起得太晚了以至于没赶上第一班火车。
考点5 条件和方式状语从句
分考点1 条件状语从句
Point 1 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：
if如果 (just) in case如果 unless除非 so long as/ as long as只要 on condition that..条件是……
suppose// supposing(that)假设;如果 provided/ providing(that)如果
●Unless some extra money is found, the theater will close. 除非找到一些额外的资金,否则剧院将会关闭。
●One's life has value as long as one brings value to the life of others.
只要一个人给别人的生命带来价值,那么其自身的生命就有价值。
【特别注意】
在条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来含义；现在完成时表将来完成时的含义；一般过去时表过去将来的含义。
●If it snows tomorrow, we will make a snowman. 如果明天下雪,我们就堆雪人。
●In case it rains, do not expect me. 如果下雨,就不要等我了。
Point 2 only if和 if only的区别
only if：意为“只有(在……的情况下)”，置于句首时主句要部分倒装。 if only意为“但愿；要是......就好了”，引导的从句要用虚拟语气；与现在的情况相反时，从句用一般过去时(be一般用were)；与过去的情况相反时，从句用过去完成时；与将来的情况相反时，从句谓语用“ would// could/ might+动词原形”。
● Only if he studies harder can he catch up with others. 他只有更加努力学习,才能赶上其他人。
● If only it would stop raining! 但愿雨会停!
分考点 2 方式状语从句
as if或 as though引导的从句与事实相反时，通常用虚拟语气；与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时(be一般用were)；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，从句谓语用“ would/ could/ might+动词原形”。从句内容与事实相符或有很大可能成为事实时，则用陈述句语气。
● They treat her as though she were their daughter. 他们待她如亲生女儿一样。
● Look at the dark clouds! It looks as if it is going to rain. 看那些乌云!看起来好像要下雨了。
考点6 让步和比较状语从句
分考点1 让步状语从句
Point 1 although// though引导的让步状语从句可与yet,still或 nevertheless连用，但不能与but连用。
●It was a nice meal, though/although a little expensive. 尽管有点贵,但这顿饭很好吃。
●Although regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
尽管经常锻炼很重要,但临睡前锻炼绝对不是个好主意。
【特别注意】
(1) 、though引导的从句可以倒装，也可以不倒装，但 although引导的从句不倒装。
(2) 、though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，常置于句末。
●She promised to phone， she didn't, though. 她答应打电话来,然而却没有。
(3) 、while也可表示“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句，相当于though/ although,一般放在句首。
●While/Though/Although he has some shortcomings, he also has some good points.
虽然他有一些缺点,但他也有一些优点
Point 2 as/ though引导的步状语从句的倒装结构：表语/状语/动词原形+as/ though-+主语+其他。若表语
是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词。
●Child as/though he was, he helped me a lot. 尽管他是个孩子,他却帮了我很大的忙。
●Much as/though I admire his courage, I don't think he acted wisely.
尽管我很欣赏他的勇气,但我认为他的行为并不明智。
●Try as/though he might, he could not open the door. 不管怎么努力,他还是不能打开那扇门。
●Unhappy as I was, I understood my parents and followed their advice.
尽管我不高兴,但我还是理解了父母并且听从了他们的建议。
Point 3 even though// even if意为“即便；即使”其引导的让步状语从句表示语气更强的让步，可用陈述语气,
也可用虚拟语气。
●And not everyone has the ability to work from home, even if they want to.
而且并不是每个人都有能力在家办公,即使他们很想这样做。 （陈述语气）
●Even if I were busy, I would attend the meeting. 即使我很忙,我也会参加会议。(虚拟语气)
Point 4 “疑问词+-ever”引导的让步状语从
whatever, whoever, whosever, whomever, whenever, wherever, however引导让步状语从句时，相当于 no matter-+what/who/whose/whom/when/where/how。
●In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, wherever it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.
在全球经济中,一种治疗癌症的新药,无论是在哪里发明的,都将在全世界范围内产生很多经济可能性。
●However hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount of the food you eat.
不管你多么努力，如果不减少进食量，减肥很难。
【特别注意】
whatever, whoever, whosever,, whomever, whenever, wherever, however还可引导名词性从句。
●Whoever comes to our school is welcome. 无论谁到我们学校来都会受欢迎的。(主语从句)
●You can do whatever you'd like to. 你想做什么就做什么。(宾语从句)
Point 5 whether... or..引导的让步状语从句
whether... or..意为“不论……还是……”,提供两种对比的情况。
●Whether we beat them or they beat us, the match will be enjoyable.
不论是我们打败他们,还是他们胜过我们，这场比赛都会很精彩。
●Whether it is fine or not, I shall go out for an outing tomorrow. 不论天气好坏,我明天都要去郊游。
分考点2 比较状语从句
(详见专题4形容词和副词)
核心考法 重难突破
考法1考 查并列连词
常考的并列连词有：and, but, or, for, so, while, not only...but(also)…等。
【全国新高考1 2020·37】They kept their collection at home until it got too big__________until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
【解析】句意为:他们将自己的收藏品保存在家中,直到多到放不下或直到他们去世,才将其送给博物馆。分析句子成分并结合句意可知,句中的 until it got too big和 until they died为并列的两种不同情况，表示“或者”,故填or
【全国Ⅱ2019·67】 I work not because I have to,_______because I want to.
【解析】句意为:我工作并非因为我不得不工作,而是因为我想要工作。根据句意可知,设空处前后为转折关系,故填but。
考法2考查引导时间状语从句的从属连词
主要有when, while, as, until, before, since, after, once, as soon as等。其中when, while和as都可表示”当……时”，但用法有区别
(1)、when可表示时间点或时间段，从句谓语可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。
(2)、 while引导的时间状语从句的谓语必须是延续性动词，强调主句动作和从句动作同时发生或发生在从句动作持续的过程中。
(3)、as通常表示主从句动作同时发生。
此外近几年常考 before的用法。考生应熟悉 before的含义及其常用句型。
【全国Ⅲ 2020·65改编】_______he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary
artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
【解析】句意为:当他问江岸上的村民们他要到哪儿才能找到这位传奇的画家时，村民们笑了并指了指江水的下游。结合句意可知,此处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，故应用When或As引导。
【浙江2019年6月·59改编】_____the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can
easily see them.
【解析】句意为:当孩子们在早上天还没亮就步行或者骑自行车去学校时，汽车司机很容易就能看到他们。设空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，且根据语境可知,主句动作发生在从句动作持续的过程中，故填When/ While.。
考法3 考查引导条件状语从句的从属连词
主要有if, unless, as/ so long as, (just) in case(假如，万一)等。如果主句用一般将来时，从句则常用一般现在时表将来。
【北京2018·2改编】______we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
【解析】句意为:如果我们不阻止气候变化，世界上许多动植物将会消失。根据句意可知，设空处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，故用f引导该从句。
考法4 考查引导让步状语从句的从属连词
主要有 though, although, as(虽然), while(虽然), even if，though, “疑问词+-ever',“ no matter-+疑问词”等。考生尤其要注意，当有 though, although时，后面不能接but，但可接yet。
[北京2017·25改编]______birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
【解析】句意为：尽管鸟儿的羽毛是为了飞翔，但它们的一些羽毛还有其他用途。根据句意可知，设空处表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。故填 Though/ Although/ While
考法5 考查引导地点、目的、原因、方式、结果状语从句的从属连词
(1)、引导地点状语从句的连词为 where, wherever等。
(2)、目的状语从句可由 so that, in order that等引导。
(3)、原因状语从句一般由 because, since, as引导； because不能与so连用，如果原因已为人们所知，或不如主句表达的内容重要，则用as或 since, since比as更为正式。
(4)、方式状语从句通常由as(正如), as if/ as though(好像)等引导。
(5)、结果状语从句的引导词主要有so/such...that..., so that等。在某种情况下,so...that...可以与 ... enough to和
too...to..结构相互转换；so that 也可以导结果状语从句，意为“因此”。
【全国Ⅲ2019·61改编】 On our way to the house, it was raining so hard______we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
【解析】句意为:在我们前往那所房子的路上，雨下得那么大，以至于我们不禁在想要用多久才能到那儿。设空处引导结果状语从句，表示“如此…以至于……”,应用so...that...结构,故填that