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专题02 推理判断题 重点练-冲刺 高考英语阅读理解专项复习
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Passage 1（2021·浙江高一月考）
On February 28, an engineer at Amazn made a seemingly small key errr. As a result, this errr prduced a serius Internet slwdwn that cst the cmpany ver $160 millin in just fur hurs. Recently, an emplyee at the New England Cmpund, which is a medicine maker, didn't clean a lab prperly and nw 76 peple have died.
These examples are crazy, right? When did we cme t live in a wrld where cmmn errrs, this d-yur-best attitude r just gd enugh was acceptable? At sme pint, we've stpped valuing perfectin, and nw, these are the type f results that we get. It's time that we shuld all seek perfectin, all the time.
Perfectinism is an attitude develped in the small things and then applied t the larger jb. I'm tired f everybdy else accepting 99% as gd enugh. I mean, being less than perfect has real cnsequences, desn't it? If the makers f ur credit cards were nly 99% effective, there wuld be ver a millin cards in circulatin tday that had the wrng infrmatin n the magnetic strip(磁条)n the back. Or, if the Webster's Dictinary was nly 99% accurate, it wuld have 470 misspelled wrds in it. Our dctrs were nly 99. 9% crrect, then every year, 4,453,000 prescriptins(处方)wuld be written incrrectly, and prbably even scarier, 11 newbrns wuld be given t the wrng parents every day in the United States.
S it cmes dwn t this: trying ur best is nt gd enugh. We shuld seek perfectin and settle fr nthing less.
If we cntinue t cultivate this culture where nbdy fails r nbdy is tld that they will fail, then nbdy's ging t reach their ptential, either.
Why dn't we try defining perfectinism as a willingness t d what is difficult t achieve what is right? Then we can agree that failure is a gd thing in ur quest fr perfectin, and when we seek perfectin withut fear f failure, just think abut what we can accmplish.
1．The authr uses examples at the beginning f the passage t_________.
A．vice his anger B．lead t the tpic C．talk abut an errr D．criticize smene
2．What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．99% f accuracy is gd enugh. B．Many prescriptins are written incrrectly.
C．Small errrs may lead t severe results. D．Perfectinism is ften required in small things.
3．What des the writer suggest t achieve perfectinism?
A．We shuld give in t failure. B．We shuld admit that nbdy is perfect.
C．We shuld tell urselves we wn't fail. D．We shuld reach ur ptential withut fear f failure.
4．Which wrd best describes the authr's attitude t perfectinism?
A．Dubtful.B．Objective.C．Tlerant.D．Supprtive.
Passage 2（2021·重庆高三月考）
The United States is a natin f car wners. Ninety-five percent f husehlds wn a car, and 85 percent f peple get t wrk in ne. This lifestyle cntributes t cngestin n ur rads and damages the envirnment. As autnmus vehicles begin t hit the streets ver the next decade r s, it's believed that all this will change.
Autnmus vehicles will mst likely decrease the number and severity f crashes, allw cars t travel mre clsely tgether and imprve cperatin between vehicles, all f which tend t reduce traffic jams and increase capacity.
Hwever, this future is nt assured. T realize the full ptential benefits f driverless cars, we will have t act sn t encurage a culture in which transprtatin is shared. Many peple in the autmbile industry assume that driverless vehicles will autmatically be shared, but there is little evidence that this is true. Mst estimates suggest that driverless cars will eventually be nly slightly mre expensive than traditinal cars, which means they'll be within reach f many cnsumers, s users are nt willing t share rides.
If mst peple are ging t buy-in t a shared-ride culture, they need t get a significant benefit. Saving a few dllars ff the fare isn't likely t prmte the mvement dramatically. A better benefit wuld be knwing that yu're ging t reach yur destinatin mre quickly. The way t guarantee quick passage is t redesign ur rads t give pririty t ride-sharing autnmus vehicles like building pririty lanes. The cst f travel will als be varied based n hw efficiently a vehicle uses the rads. Autnmus vehicles carrying multiple peple shuld get higher pririty than thse carrying ne r nne at all.
Decisin-makers must push fr incentives that encurage the mst efficient use f ur limited radway infrastructure(基础设施). The autnmus future is rapidly appraching; it is critical that we act nw, while the impacts f autnmus vehicles n traffic jams and emissins are still largely within ur cntrl.
5．What's the purpse f the first paragraph?
A．T intrduce the tpic. B．T tell the severe traffic prblem.
C．T prve the necessity f autnmus vehicles. D．T shw the damage f cars t the envirnment.
6．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Autnmus vehicles wrsen traffic jams n rads.
B．Autnmus vehicles are likely t reduce traffic jams.
C．Saving sme fares cntributes t shared-ride significantly.
D．Many peple have ridden autnmus vehicles t avid traffic jams.
7．Which will be a benefit f sharing autnmus vehicles?
A．T save a large amunt f mney.
B．T prmte the develpment f science and technlgy.
C．T redesign rads t priritize car-shared mdes.
D．T allw yu t reach yur destinatin much mre quickly.
8．Which is the best title fr the passage?
A．Driverless Cars Will Make Our Traffic Prblems Wrse.
B．Autnmus Vehicles Will Make a Difference t Traffic.
C．Decisin-makers Shuld Take Sme Measures Quickly.
D．The Current Situatin f Cars in the United States is Serius.
Passage 3（2021·四川高三月考）
Eugene O'Neill, wh was brn in 1888, in New Yrk, was a leading American drama writer and the winner f the Nbel Prize in Literature in 1936. His father was a successful turing actr. Because f that, Eugene spent his early childhd in htels, n trains, and backstage. Althugh later in his life he grew t hate his father fr nt giving him security in his early years and a lving, cmfrtable family, he had the theater in his bld.
As a student, O'Neill went t barding schls but spent the summers in a mderate huse his family wned. He left Princetn University in 1907, nly abut ne year after he entered it, t start what he later called his real educatin in "life experience". At the age f 24, he was hired as a reprter and petry clumn writer fr the New Lndn Telegraph.
O'Neill didn't cut a figure in playwriting until the summer f 1916. Befre that, he had written awkward plays that were hardly accepted by the mainstream f American theater. While O'Neill was nly ne f thse whse plays were prduced by the theater, he led the grup t success because f his cntributin within the next few years. Between 1916 and 1920, the theater prduced all f O'Neill's ne-act sea plays. By the time his first full-length play, Beynd the Hrizn, was prduced n Bradway n February 2, 1920 at the Mrsc Theater, the yung playwright already had a small reputatin.
Theater critics spke highly f Beynd the Hrizn fr its tragic realism. The play brught O'Neill mre public attentin, as well as his first Pulitzer Prize, apart frm which he wn anther three fr Anna Christie, Strange Interlude, and Lng Day's Jurney int Night. Over the next tw decades, O'Neill cntinued t gain reputatin natinally and glbally. He became the mst widely prduced dramatist after Shakespeare and Bernard Shaw.
9．What might inspire O'Neill's passin fr theater?
A．His father's career.B．The supprt f his family
C．Htel rms he had lived in.D．Stries he had heard n trains.
10．Why did O'Neill drp ut f Princetn University?
A．He didn't want t study in a barding schl. B．He wanted t receive real educatin frm life.
C．He gt a jb frm the New Lndn Telegraph. D．He was unsatisfied with the university educatin.
11．What des the underlined phrase “cut a figure" in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Shw interest.B．Hld a degree.C．Attract attentin.D．Receive an award.
12．What can we learn abut O'Neill's Beynd the Hrizn?
A．It drew theater critics attentin t tragic realism.
B．It inspired him t cmpse anther three dramas.
C．It increased his reputatin in the field f theater.
D．It made him the mst widely prduced dramatist in histry.
Passage 4（2021·浙江高三一模）
Tmates are the secnd-mst eaten vegetable in the United States, fllwing ptates. Peple eat $60 billin wrth wrldwide every year, which is a lt.
But hw shuld tmates be stred in yur kitchen? Chefs and Italians have lng left tmates at rm temperature, while safety-minded types use the refrigeratr. Nw a new study in Frntiers in Plant Science determines nce and fr all what the best practices are fr strage f tmat.
Researchers at the University f Gttingen grew a variety f tmates and then imitated the cmmercial three-day harvest-t-cnsumer strage practices. Once they arrived at “hme”, the tmates were stred either in the refrigeratr r at hme temperature and then evaluated by a dzen experienced fd assessrs.
Thse assessrs were trained at identifying things such as green-grassy smell, tmat-typical smell, tmat-typical flavr, sweetness, surness, juiciness, firmness, aftertaste…The tmates als underwent a great number f analysis, including taste by an “electrnic tngue” knwn as the e-tngue.
Their findings: It desn’t matter. N significant differences in flavr were fund between refrigeratrs-stred and cunter-stred tmates.
What matters is hw lng the tmat is at yur huse, the variety f the tmat, and the temperature f yur refrigeratr. The cultivars(品种) had a much higher impact n the flavr than the strage. Yu shuld eat them within fur days. “The shrter the strage perid, the better it is fr the flavr and related characteristics,” says the lead authr Larissa Kanski, a dctral candidate in agricultural sciences. Make sure t pay attentin t the temperature, as previus studies have shwn harmful effects f string tmates at 39 degrees F.
In shrt, fr tasty tmates, buy tmates that taste gd, stre them hwever yu want, and eat them within fur days.
13．What’s the main idea f the text?
A．A research n hw t stre tmates in a prper way.
B．The key elements influencing the flavr f tmates.
C．Varius strage ways f keeping tmates in the market.
D．The differences between fridge-stred and cunter-stred tmates.
14．Which f the fllwing statements wuld Larissa Kanski prbably agree with?
A．The flavr f tmates is changing with temperature.
B．It’s better t eat tmates within fur days fr gd flavr.
C．Tmates’ qualities are clsely related with strage patterns.
D．The e-tngue plays an essential part in analyzing the tmates.
15．Where is the passage prbably taken frm?
A．A news reprt. B．The Internet. C．An advertisement. D．A research reprt.
Passage 5（2021·河北衡水市·衡水中学高三二模）
After university in 2011, Samuel went t a rural primary schl fr native children, where, n his first day, anther teacher tld him, "Samuel, yu dn't have t d much, they're just Orang Asli-native children." This was what Samuel wuld spend years fighting against.
The Orang Asli cmmunity has struggled with pverty, melting int sciety, and lsing their wn identity and culture due t thers' disregard f it. Samuel saw that the main barrier in teaching these children was the attitude n the part f many teachers that the native children were nt wrth their effrts. It was thught that whatever was taught wuld make n difference, s nbdy bthered t try. The children themselves ended up believing these stigmas (污名), ften dubting what they can achieve. Teachers skipped r slept in classes, and little effrt was made t create an apprpriate learning envirnment. Cnsequently, the schl was ne f the wrst-perfrming in the district.
Samuel bnded with his native students and accepted their culture, leading him t see their ptential. Hwever, he als came t see that they did nt have equal pprtunities cmpared t urban schls, due t the lack f facilities. S he set up a crwdfunding prject t create a fully equipped 21st-century English classrm with tablets and cmputers. The Orang Asli children nw learn technlgy, experience English and cmmunicate in English with vlunteers all ver Malaysia and verseas.
Cnsequently, the students have imprved in natinal standardized examinatins, frm a pass rate f 30% in English (2008-2012) t an average f 80% (2013-2017). These effrts have resulted in a shift f what lcal children are cnsidered capable f academically.
16．What did the teacher's wrds suggest abut the native children?
A．They were intelligent.B．They were hpeless.
C．They were unfriendly.D．They were independent.
17．What majr prblem did Samuel need t slve?
A．The pverty f lcal peple.B．The lack f facilities in his schl.
C．The prejudice against the native kids.D．The unsuitable teaching methds.
18．What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The change f native students. B．The imprtance f learning English.
C．The imprvement f native educatin. D．Samuel's wrk fr the native kids.
19．What can we learn frm Samuel's stry?
A．Respect makes a big difference. B．The academic perfrmance cmes first.
C．Everyne deserves access t educatin. D．One methd can't apply t each situatin.
Passage 6（2021·浙江温州市·高三开学考试）
A new study suggests that identical(同卵的) twins are nt exactly the same genetically. Scientists in Iceland examined DNA frm 387 pairs f identical twins, their parents, children, husbands r wives. The examinatins led the team t find “early mutatins that separate identical twins,” lead researcher and geneticist Kari Stefanssn said.
Mutatins are small changes in DNA that can happen when a cell divides in an attempt t cpy itself. These small changes can influence a persn’s physical appearance r cntrl a persn’s ability t fight a disease.
The newly-discvered mutatins shw that identical twins d have genetic differences. On average, identical twins have 5.2 f these early genetic differences, the researchers fund. These differences represent a small part f each twin’s genetic material. But they culd influence why ne twin is taller r why ne is at greater risk fr sme cancers than the ther.
In the past, many researchers believed physical differences seen in identical twins were related mstly t envirnmental influences, such as nutritin r lifestyle behavirs.
Jan Dumanski is a geneticist at Sweden’s Uppsala University. He was nt invlved in the study. He praised the findings as “a clear and imprtant cntributin” t medical research. “The implicatin is that we have t be very careful when we are using twins as a mdel” fr examining the influences f genetics r the envirnment, Dumanski said.
A 2008 paper in The American Jurnal f Human Genetics fund sme genetic differences between identical twins. The new study, hwever, ges beynd earlier wrk by including the DNA f parents, children, husbands and wives f identical twins. Studying family members permitted the researchers t examine when genetic mutatins happened in tw different kinds f cells: thse present in nly ne individual and thse passed n t the persn’s children.
Stefanssn said his team fund twins where a mutatin is present in all cells f the bdy f ne twin, but nt in the ther twin at all. Hwever, “smetimes the secnd twin may shw the mutatin in sme cells, but nt all cells,” he added.
20．What is a functin f mutatins?
A．Change peple’s DNA． B．Help a cell t cpy itself.
C．Influence peple’s physical appearance. D．Increase peple’s ability t fight diseases.
21．Why did the study include the DNA f family members?
A．T check when the mutatins happened. B．T identify the results f frmer research.
C．T find ut where the mutatins happened. D．T examine the influence f the envirnment.
22．What is Jan Dumanski’s attitude tward the study?
A．Cautius. B．Dubtful. C．Cncerned. D．Psitive.
23．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．A Breakthrugh in Identical Twins Study B．Identical Twins: Nt Genetically Exact Cpies
C．Genetic Differences Caused by Family Members D．DNA Decides the Difference between Identical Twins
Passage 7（2021·陕西高三月考）
Drinking cffee as sn as ne wakes up frm a night's sleep greatly affects metablism （新陈代谢） and bld sugar respnses. Scientists published this in the British Jurnal f Nutritin,
In the study, the UK researchers let 29 healthy men and wmen take part in three different vernight experiments. In the first tw scenes, participants were given a sugary drink upn waking first frm a nrmal night's sleep, and then again after a greatly disturbed night's sleep. In the third, their sleep was similarly, but they were given a strng black cffee 30 minutes befre having the sugary drink.
Bld samples frm participants were taken fllwing the sugary drinkin each experiment. Results shwed that ne night f disturbed sleep did nt wrsen the participants' bld sugar respnses at breakfast when cmpared t a nrmal night f sleep. Hwever, strng black cffee cnsumed befre breakfast increased the bld sugar respnse by arund 50 percent.
By drinking such kind f drink after breakfast, UK researchers fund that ur bdies, ability t break dwn ur fd healthily is cmpletely imprved. Examining the effects f brken sleep and mrning cffee thrugh a range f different metablic markers, researchers fund that, while ne night f pr sleep had a limited effect n metablism, drinking cffee befre breakfast culd have a negative effect n bld sugar cntrl.
“We knw that nearly half f us will wake in the mrning and, befre ding anything else, drink cffee-the mre tired we feel, the strnger the cffee is. This study is imprtant and has far-reaching health influences, and it indeed shakes sme cffee drinkers. Up t nw we have had limited knwledge abut what this is ding t ur bdies, in particular fr ur metablic and bld sugar cntrl, s we have a lng way t g. "said Prfessr James Bette, c-directr f the Centre fr Nutritin at the University f Bath.
24．Hw did the UK researchers get the result f the experiment?
A．By theretical analysis.B．By cmparative experiments.
C．By ding questinnaires.D．By cnsulting jurnals.
25．What can we learn frm the experiment?
A．A pr night sleep surely affects bld sugar respnses.
B．Drinking cffee after breakfast des much harm t health.
C．Having strng drinks has a gd effect n ne's metablism.
D．Drinking cffee at different time has different effects n health.
26．What des James Bette think f the study?
A．It makes n sense.B．It is limited and blind.
C．It remains t be cntinued.D．It is particular and precise.
27．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Harms f drinking cffee befre breakfast. B．What weakens nes' bld sugar respnses.
C．Hw much cffee ne shuld drink a day. D．The effective prcedure fr bld sugar cntrl.
Passage 8 （2021·辽宁高三月考）
Each night, small grups f a species called free-tailed bats emerge frm their habitat in the Panamanian rain frests t hunt fr the prey （猎物）using echlcatin.
“When bats are hunting, especially when they're in pen areas, they prduce tw really different call types. They have their ‘search-phase calls’ when they're just scanning the envirnment. And then they have ‘feeding buzzes’ when they actually detect fd, like insects. ” said Jenna Khles, a graduate student at the Max Planck Institute f Animal Behavir in Germany.
Bth types f calls are typically t high-pitched fr us t hear. Other bats can hear thse feeding buzzes and use them as a hint fr finding fd. But it's always been assumed that the ther call, search-phase call, desn’t include that kind f scial infrmatin. Khles and her team wndered if search-phase call might als be scial and help bats stick tgether in the dark.
“This is why we then tested first whether these echlcatin calls they prduce when they’re scanning the envirnment cntain infrmatin abut a bat’s identity, like in the frm f an individual signature. And then, mre imprtantly, we wanted t test whether bats can actually use this infrmatin t tell between different individuals, just using these search-phase echlcatin calls.”
The researchers captured wild bats and expsed them t a particular call ver and ver again until they became bred and stpped reacting. Then the researchers played the same type f call but recrded frm a different bat. If the bats reacted, it means that they nticed that the identity f the caller had changed.
And that's exactly what happened, which suggests that sme kind f individual signature is encded （编码）within search-phase call. The results are in the jurnal Behaviral Eclgy.
Many ther animals that hunt in grups use vcalizatins （发声）t keep cnnected. But bats already invest mst f their vcal resurces in echlcatin fr hunting. S it appears that these bats have figured ut hw t accmplish bth tasks-hunting and cperatin-using a single type f vcalizatin.
28．Hw des the free-tailed bats hunt fr their prey?
A．Finding the sund f their prey. B．Lcating the eches they prduce.
C．Prducing the sund like a grup f insects. D．Using search-phase calls.
29．What d we knw abut “search-phrase call” in the passage?
A．The call sunds lw. B．The call acts as a signal f finding fd.
C．The call is cmmnly thught t be scial. D．The call may cntain sme kind f bats’ identity.
30．What des the writer intend t tell us in the furth paragraph?
A．The purpse f the experiment. B．The cntent f the experiment.
C．The backgrund f the experiment. D．The steps f the experiment.
31．What is the best title f the passage?
A．D yu knw bats’ calls? B．Why d bats prduce tw types f calls?
C．Let’s explre the usage f vcalizatin. D．Bat says hi as it hunts.
Passage 9（2021·宁夏银川市·银川一中高三月考）
A 62-year-ld man has set an amazing wrld recrd, planking (平板支撑) fr 8 hurs, 15 minutes and 15 secnds. Gerge Hd spent arund 2,100 hurs planking t train t win back his recrd frm Chinese pliceman Ma Weidng, wh tk the recrd in 2016 at an event Mr. Hd als cmpeted in.
“Anybdy can d what I d,” Mr. Hd said in an interview. “Everybdy has t start smewhere. Every tree that’s planted has rts. Once that tree is planted, thse rts start t grw, whether it be 30 secnds r a minute r five minutes r an hur f planking. Yu start repeating the prcess and taking care f yur tree, it will grw and yu will imprve and yu will actually get better.”
Mr. Hd’s preparatin included fur t five hurs f planking a day and 2,000 sit-ups, 700 push-ups, and 500 squats a day. He als attended training camps and had a practice attempt in 2018 in which he lasted 10 hurs and 10 minutes.
His new recrd-breaking plank was spnsred by a US gym called Fivel5 Fitness, which was set up t help peple experiencing mental illnesses that affect their thinking, feeling, r behavir. Thrughut the attempt, Mr. Hd spke t grups and listened t wrds frm guests with autism (自闭症) and adult learning difficulties.
After Guinness Wrld Recrds judge, Philip Rbertsn, said that he had brken the recrd, Mr. Hd said he wuld never d plank recrd attempts again. Hwever, he ended the event by ding 75 push-ups after his 8-hur plank, indicating that while his recrd-breaking plank days might be ver, push-up recrd attempts are happening in the near future.
32．What was Hd talking abut in the interview?
A．Hw t plant trees. B．Hw t keep a recrd.
C．Hw t lk after neself. D．Hw t plank as well as him.
33．What can we learn frm Paragraph 3?
A．Hd had been training hard t break the recrd.
B．Hd went t a mnth-lng training camp in 2016.
C．Hd planked shrter in 2018 than the new recrd.
D．Hd likes ding all kinds f sprts in his spare time.
34．What might Hd d in the future?
A．Teach thers t plank. B．Wrk fr Fivel5 Fitness.
C．Try t d push-up recrd attempts. D．Cntinue ding plank recrd attempts.
35．What’s the main purpse f the text?
A．T tell us a funny stry abut Hd’s life. B．T describe the advantages f physical activity.
C．T prvide us with infrmatin n a new recrd. D．T recrd a change that happened in Hd’s bdy.
Passage 10（2021·江苏高三一模）
In 1991, Keith White was at the centre f a 14-vehicle pile-up when a truck crssed the central reservatin and hit the van in which he was a passenger. White survived, but his left arm was crushed beynd repair, and he lst his memry fr tw years.
His pilt license was remved and he culd n lnger fllw his passin fr diving. But he had been sailing since he was 16, and s, in 2004, he decided t buy a bat, fitting it ut s he culd sail it single-handedly. “I didn’t knw at that pint if I culd sail with ne hand,” he says. “But at the back f my mind I had always thught I culd d anything if I put my mind t it.”
Within a year, White had taken n the challenge f being the first ne-armed sailr t circumnavigate (环航) the British Isles. Then he crssed the Atlantic alne in 2008. Last year he became the first sailr with a disability t circumnavigate the glbe.
Sailing single-handed fr weeks requires mental, as well as physical, strength, especially when yu are alne. S hw des he d it? It’s a questin that makes the yachtsman (帆船运动员) laugh. “When yu have seven children it’s lvely t have a little time n yur wn! It’s awesme,” he jkes. “I d a lg every hur, and my diary, and I read a few bks. I have very little sleep.” “I’m a sciable persn: I d like lts f peple arund. Answering emails and chatting ver Facebk can help stp any lneliness,” he adds.
When White made his first Atlantic crssing, he was disappinted t have his peace and quiet brken by his arrival n land. But, he says, he threw himself int meeting new peple. In between adventures, he likes sailing with peple wh haven’t tried it befre r get invlved in yacht races with friends. Perhaps the main reasn fr his success in adjusting t life after a big adventure, he says, is that he always has an idea fr a new ne in his back pcket. “It keeps me ticking ver — there’s always smething new t d. I just like challenges and ne leads t anther.”
36．Why culdn’t White cntinue his passin fr diving?
A．He lst his left arm.B．His license was due.
C．He had a new hbby.D．His memry was pr.
37．Hw did White spend his time at sea?
A．By staying awake.B．By visiting ld friends.
C．By keeping himself busy.D．By attending his children.
38．What mainly leads t White’s successful adjustment t life after a big adventure?
A．Scializing with new peple.B．Scheduling new adventures.
C．Caching new yachtsmen.D．Organizing yacht races.
39．Which f the fllwing best describes Keith White?
A．Creative.B．Humrus.C．Easy-ging.D．Adventurus.
Passage 1（2021·浙江高一月考）
On February 28, an engineer at Amazn made a seemingly small key errr. As a result, this errr prduced a serius Internet slwdwn that cst the cmpany ver $160 millin in just fur hurs. Recently, an emplyee at the New England Cmpund, which is a medicine maker, didn't clean a lab prperly and nw 76 peple have died.
These examples are crazy, right? When did we cme t live in a wrld where cmmn errrs, this d-yur-best attitude r just gd enugh was acceptable? At sme pint, we've stpped valuing perfectin, and nw, these are the type f results that we get. It's time that we shuld all seek perfectin, all the time.
Perfectinism is an attitude develped in the small things and then applied t the larger jb. I'm tired f everybdy else accepting 99% as gd enugh. I mean, being less than perfect has real cnsequences, desn't it? If the makers f ur credit cards were nly 99% effective, there wuld be ver a millin cards in circulatin tday that had the wrng infrmatin n the magnetic strip(磁条)n the back. Or, if the Webster's Dictinary was nly 99% accurate, it wuld have 470 misspelled wrds in it. Our dctrs were nly 99. 9% crrect, then every year, 4,453,000 prescriptins(处方)wuld be written incrrectly, and prbably even scarier, 11 newbrns wuld be given t the wrng parents every day in the United States.
S it cmes dwn t this: trying ur best is nt gd enugh. We shuld seek perfectin and settle fr nthing less.
If we cntinue t cultivate this culture where nbdy fails r nbdy is tld that they will fail, then nbdy's ging t reach their ptential, either.
Why dn't we try defining perfectinism as a willingness t d what is difficult t achieve what is right? Then we can agree that failure is a gd thing in ur quest fr perfectin, and when we seek perfectin withut fear f failure, just think abut what we can accmplish.
1．The authr uses examples at the beginning f the passage t_________.
A．vice his anger B．lead t the tpic C．talk abut an errr D．criticize smene
2．What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．99% f accuracy is gd enugh. B．Many prescriptins are written incrrectly.
C．Small errrs may lead t severe results. D．Perfectinism is ften required in small things.
3．What des the writer suggest t achieve perfectinism?
A．We shuld give in t failure. B．We shuld admit that nbdy is perfect.
C．We shuld tell urselves we wn't fail. D．We shuld reach ur ptential withut fear f failure.
4．Which wrd best describes the authr's attitude t perfectinism?
A．Dubtful.B．Objective.C．Tlerant.D．Supprtive.
Passage 2（2021·重庆高三月考）
The United States is a natin f car wners. Ninety-five percent f husehlds wn a car, and 85 percent f peple get t wrk in ne. This lifestyle cntributes t cngestin n ur rads and damages the envirnment. As autnmus vehicles begin t hit the streets ver the next decade r s, it's believed that all this will change.
Autnmus vehicles will mst likely decrease the number and severity f crashes, allw cars t travel mre clsely tgether and imprve cperatin between vehicles, all f which tend t reduce traffic jams and increase capacity.
Hwever, this future is nt assured. T realize the full ptential benefits f driverless cars, we will have t act sn t encurage a culture in which transprtatin is shared. Many peple in the autmbile industry assume that driverless vehicles will autmatically be shared, but there is little evidence that this is true. Mst estimates suggest that driverless cars will eventually be nly slightly mre expensive than traditinal cars, which means they'll be within reach f many cnsumers, s users are nt willing t share rides.
If mst peple are ging t buy-in t a shared-ride culture, they need t get a significant benefit. Saving a few dllars ff the fare isn't likely t prmte the mvement dramatically. A better benefit wuld be knwing that yu're ging t reach yur destinatin mre quickly. The way t guarantee quick passage is t redesign ur rads t give pririty t ride-sharing autnmus vehicles like building pririty lanes. The cst f travel will als be varied based n hw efficiently a vehicle uses the rads. Autnmus vehicles carrying multiple peple shuld get higher pririty than thse carrying ne r nne at all.
Decisin-makers must push fr incentives that encurage the mst efficient use f ur limited radway infrastructure(基础设施). The autnmus future is rapidly appraching; it is critical that we act nw, while the impacts f autnmus vehicles n traffic jams and emissins are still largely within ur cntrl.
5．What's the purpse f the first paragraph?
A．T intrduce the tpic. B．T tell the severe traffic prblem.
C．T prve the necessity f autnmus vehicles. D．T shw the damage f cars t the envirnment.
6．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Autnmus vehicles wrsen traffic jams n rads.
B．Autnmus vehicles are likely t reduce traffic jams.
C．Saving sme fares cntributes t shared-ride significantly.
D．Many peple have ridden autnmus vehicles t avid traffic jams.
7．Which will be a benefit f sharing autnmus vehicles?
A．T save a large amunt f mney.
B．T prmte the develpment f science and technlgy.
C．T redesign rads t priritize car-shared mdes.
D．T allw yu t reach yur destinatin much mre quickly.
8．Which is the best title fr the passage?
A．Driverless Cars Will Make Our Traffic Prblems Wrse.
B．Autnmus Vehicles Will Make a Difference t Traffic.
C．Decisin-makers Shuld Take Sme Measures Quickly.
D．The Current Situatin f Cars in the United States is Serius.
Passage 3（2021·四川高三月考）
Eugene O'Neill, wh was brn in 1888, in New Yrk, was a leading American drama writer and the winner f the Nbel Prize in Literature in 1936. His father was a successful turing actr. Because f that, Eugene spent his early childhd in htels, n trains, and backstage. Althugh later in his life he grew t hate his father fr nt giving him security in his early years and a lving, cmfrtable family, he had the theater in his bld.
As a student, O'Neill went t barding schls but spent the summers in a mderate huse his family wned. He left Princetn University in 1907, nly abut ne year after he entered it, t start what he later called his real educatin in "life experience". At the age f 24, he was hired as a reprter and petry clumn writer fr the New Lndn Telegraph.
O'Neill didn't cut a figure in playwriting until the summer f 1916. Befre that, he had written awkward plays that were hardly accepted by the mainstream f American theater. While O'Neill was nly ne f thse whse plays were prduced by the theater, he led the grup t success because f his cntributin within the next few years. Between 1916 and 1920, the theater prduced all f O'Neill's ne-act sea plays. By the time his first full-length play, Beynd the Hrizn, was prduced n Bradway n February 2, 1920 at the Mrsc Theater, the yung playwright already had a small reputatin.
Theater critics spke highly f Beynd the Hrizn fr its tragic realism. The play brught O'Neill mre public attentin, as well as his first Pulitzer Prize, apart frm which he wn anther three fr Anna Christie, Strange Interlude, and Lng Day's Jurney int Night. Over the next tw decades, O'Neill cntinued t gain reputatin natinally and glbally. He became the mst widely prduced dramatist after Shakespeare and Bernard Shaw.
9．What might inspire O'Neill's passin fr theater?
A．His father's career.B．The supprt f his family
C．Htel rms he had lived in.D．Stries he had heard n trains.
10．Why did O'Neill drp ut f Princetn University?
A．He didn't want t study in a barding schl. B．He wanted t receive real educatin frm life.
C．He gt a jb frm the New Lndn Telegraph. D．He was unsatisfied with the university educatin.
11．What des the underlined phrase “cut a figure" in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Shw interest.B．Hld a degree.C．Attract attentin.D．Receive an award.
12．What can we learn abut O'Neill's Beynd the Hrizn?
A．It drew theater critics attentin t tragic realism.
B．It inspired him t cmpse anther three dramas.
C．It increased his reputatin in the field f theater.
D．It made him the mst widely prduced dramatist in histry.
Passage 4（2021·浙江高三一模）
Tmates are the secnd-mst eaten vegetable in the United States, fllwing ptates. Peple eat $60 billin wrth wrldwide every year, which is a lt.
But hw shuld tmates be stred in yur kitchen? Chefs and Italians have lng left tmates at rm temperature, while safety-minded types use the refrigeratr. Nw a new study in Frntiers in Plant Science determines nce and fr all what the best practices are fr strage f tmat.
Researchers at the University f Gttingen grew a variety f tmates and then imitated the cmmercial three-day harvest-t-cnsumer strage practices. Once they arrived at “hme”, the tmates were stred either in the refrigeratr r at hme temperature and then evaluated by a dzen experienced fd assessrs.
Thse assessrs were trained at identifying things such as green-grassy smell, tmat-typical smell, tmat-typical flavr, sweetness, surness, juiciness, firmness, aftertaste…The tmates als underwent a great number f analysis, including taste by an “electrnic tngue” knwn as the e-tngue.
Their findings: It desn’t matter. N significant differences in flavr were fund between refrigeratrs-stred and cunter-stred tmates.
What matters is hw lng the tmat is at yur huse, the variety f the tmat, and the temperature f yur refrigeratr. The cultivars(品种) had a much higher impact n the flavr than the strage. Yu shuld eat them within fur days. “The shrter the strage perid, the better it is fr the flavr and related characteristics,” says the lead authr Larissa Kanski, a dctral candidate in agricultural sciences. Make sure t pay attentin t the temperature, as previus studies have shwn harmful effects f string tmates at 39 degrees F.
In shrt, fr tasty tmates, buy tmates that taste gd, stre them hwever yu want, and eat them within fur days.
13．What’s the main idea f the text?
A．A research n hw t stre tmates in a prper way.
B．The key elements influencing the flavr f tmates.
C．Varius strage ways f keeping tmates in the market.
D．The differences between fridge-stred and cunter-stred tmates.
14．Which f the fllwing statements wuld Larissa Kanski prbably agree with?
A．The flavr f tmates is changing with temperature.
B．It’s better t eat tmates within fur days fr gd flavr.
C．Tmates’ qualities are clsely related with strage patterns.
D．The e-tngue plays an essential part in analyzing the tmates.
15．Where is the passage prbably taken frm?
A．A news reprt. B．The Internet. C．An advertisement. D．A research reprt.
Passage 5（2021·河北衡水市·衡水中学高三二模）
After university in 2011, Samuel went t a rural primary schl fr native children, where, n his first day, anther teacher tld him, "Samuel, yu dn't have t d much, they're just Orang Asli-native children." This was what Samuel wuld spend years fighting against.
The Orang Asli cmmunity has struggled with pverty, melting int sciety, and lsing their wn identity and culture due t thers' disregard f it. Samuel saw that the main barrier in teaching these children was the attitude n the part f many teachers that the native children were nt wrth their effrts. It was thught that whatever was taught wuld make n difference, s nbdy bthered t try. The children themselves ended up believing these stigmas (污名), ften dubting what they can achieve. Teachers skipped r slept in classes, and little effrt was made t create an apprpriate learning envirnment. Cnsequently, the schl was ne f the wrst-perfrming in the district.
Samuel bnded with his native students and accepted their culture, leading him t see their ptential. Hwever, he als came t see that they did nt have equal pprtunities cmpared t urban schls, due t the lack f facilities. S he set up a crwdfunding prject t create a fully equipped 21st-century English classrm with tablets and cmputers. The Orang Asli children nw learn technlgy, experience English and cmmunicate in English with vlunteers all ver Malaysia and verseas.
Cnsequently, the students have imprved in natinal standardized examinatins, frm a pass rate f 30% in English (2008-2012) t an average f 80% (2013-2017). These effrts have resulted in a shift f what lcal children are cnsidered capable f academically.
16．What did the teacher's wrds suggest abut the native children?
A．They were intelligent.B．They were hpeless.
C．They were unfriendly.D．They were independent.
17．What majr prblem did Samuel need t slve?
A．The pverty f lcal peple.B．The lack f facilities in his schl.
C．The prejudice against the native kids.D．The unsuitable teaching methds.
18．What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The change f native students. B．The imprtance f learning English.
C．The imprvement f native educatin. D．Samuel's wrk fr the native kids.
19．What can we learn frm Samuel's stry?
A．Respect makes a big difference. B．The academic perfrmance cmes first.
C．Everyne deserves access t educatin. D．One methd can't apply t each situatin.
Passage 6（2021·浙江温州市·高三开学考试）
A new study suggests that identical(同卵的) twins are nt exactly the same genetically. Scientists in Iceland examined DNA frm 387 pairs f identical twins, their parents, children, husbands r wives. The examinatins led the team t find “early mutatins that separate identical twins,” lead researcher and geneticist Kari Stefanssn said.
Mutatins are small changes in DNA that can happen when a cell divides in an attempt t cpy itself. These small changes can influence a persn’s physical appearance r cntrl a persn’s ability t fight a disease.
The newly-discvered mutatins shw that identical twins d have genetic differences. On average, identical twins have 5.2 f these early genetic differences, the researchers fund. These differences represent a small part f each twin’s genetic material. But they culd influence why ne twin is taller r why ne is at greater risk fr sme cancers than the ther.
In the past, many researchers believed physical differences seen in identical twins were related mstly t envirnmental influences, such as nutritin r lifestyle behavirs.
Jan Dumanski is a geneticist at Sweden’s Uppsala University. He was nt invlved in the study. He praised the findings as “a clear and imprtant cntributin” t medical research. “The implicatin is that we have t be very careful when we are using twins as a mdel” fr examining the influences f genetics r the envirnment, Dumanski said.
A 2008 paper in The American Jurnal f Human Genetics fund sme genetic differences between identical twins. The new study, hwever, ges beynd earlier wrk by including the DNA f parents, children, husbands and wives f identical twins. Studying family members permitted the researchers t examine when genetic mutatins happened in tw different kinds f cells: thse present in nly ne individual and thse passed n t the persn’s children.
Stefanssn said his team fund twins where a mutatin is present in all cells f the bdy f ne twin, but nt in the ther twin at all. Hwever, “smetimes the secnd twin may shw the mutatin in sme cells, but nt all cells,” he added.
20．What is a functin f mutatins?
A．Change peple’s DNA． B．Help a cell t cpy itself.
C．Influence peple’s physical appearance. D．Increase peple’s ability t fight diseases.
21．Why did the study include the DNA f family members?
A．T check when the mutatins happened. B．T identify the results f frmer research.
C．T find ut where the mutatins happened. D．T examine the influence f the envirnment.
22．What is Jan Dumanski’s attitude tward the study?
A．Cautius. B．Dubtful. C．Cncerned. D．Psitive.
23．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．A Breakthrugh in Identical Twins Study B．Identical Twins: Nt Genetically Exact Cpies
C．Genetic Differences Caused by Family Members D．DNA Decides the Difference between Identical Twins
Passage 7（2021·陕西高三月考）
Drinking cffee as sn as ne wakes up frm a night's sleep greatly affects metablism （新陈代谢） and bld sugar respnses. Scientists published this in the British Jurnal f Nutritin,
In the study, the UK researchers let 29 healthy men and wmen take part in three different vernight experiments. In the first tw scenes, participants were given a sugary drink upn waking first frm a nrmal night's sleep, and then again after a greatly disturbed night's sleep. In the third, their sleep was similarly, but they were given a strng black cffee 30 minutes befre having the sugary drink.
Bld samples frm participants were taken fllwing the sugary drinkin each experiment. Results shwed that ne night f disturbed sleep did nt wrsen the participants' bld sugar respnses at breakfast when cmpared t a nrmal night f sleep. Hwever, strng black cffee cnsumed befre breakfast increased the bld sugar respnse by arund 50 percent.
By drinking such kind f drink after breakfast, UK researchers fund that ur bdies, ability t break dwn ur fd healthily is cmpletely imprved. Examining the effects f brken sleep and mrning cffee thrugh a range f different metablic markers, researchers fund that, while ne night f pr sleep had a limited effect n metablism, drinking cffee befre breakfast culd have a negative effect n bld sugar cntrl.
“We knw that nearly half f us will wake in the mrning and, befre ding anything else, drink cffee-the mre tired we feel, the strnger the cffee is. This study is imprtant and has far-reaching health influences, and it indeed shakes sme cffee drinkers. Up t nw we have had limited knwledge abut what this is ding t ur bdies, in particular fr ur metablic and bld sugar cntrl, s we have a lng way t g. "said Prfessr James Bette, c-directr f the Centre fr Nutritin at the University f Bath.
24．Hw did the UK researchers get the result f the experiment?
A．By theretical analysis.B．By cmparative experiments.
C．By ding questinnaires.D．By cnsulting jurnals.
25．What can we learn frm the experiment?
A．A pr night sleep surely affects bld sugar respnses.
B．Drinking cffee after breakfast des much harm t health.
C．Having strng drinks has a gd effect n ne's metablism.
D．Drinking cffee at different time has different effects n health.
26．What des James Bette think f the study?
A．It makes n sense.B．It is limited and blind.
C．It remains t be cntinued.D．It is particular and precise.
27．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Harms f drinking cffee befre breakfast. B．What weakens nes' bld sugar respnses.
C．Hw much cffee ne shuld drink a day. D．The effective prcedure fr bld sugar cntrl.
Passage 8 （2021·辽宁高三月考）
Each night, small grups f a species called free-tailed bats emerge frm their habitat in the Panamanian rain frests t hunt fr the prey （猎物）using echlcatin.
“When bats are hunting, especially when they're in pen areas, they prduce tw really different call types. They have their ‘search-phase calls’ when they're just scanning the envirnment. And then they have ‘feeding buzzes’ when they actually detect fd, like insects. ” said Jenna Khles, a graduate student at the Max Planck Institute f Animal Behavir in Germany.
Bth types f calls are typically t high-pitched fr us t hear. Other bats can hear thse feeding buzzes and use them as a hint fr finding fd. But it's always been assumed that the ther call, search-phase call, desn’t include that kind f scial infrmatin. Khles and her team wndered if search-phase call might als be scial and help bats stick tgether in the dark.
“This is why we then tested first whether these echlcatin calls they prduce when they’re scanning the envirnment cntain infrmatin abut a bat’s identity, like in the frm f an individual signature. And then, mre imprtantly, we wanted t test whether bats can actually use this infrmatin t tell between different individuals, just using these search-phase echlcatin calls.”
The researchers captured wild bats and expsed them t a particular call ver and ver again until they became bred and stpped reacting. Then the researchers played the same type f call but recrded frm a different bat. If the bats reacted, it means that they nticed that the identity f the caller had changed.
And that's exactly what happened, which suggests that sme kind f individual signature is encded （编码）within search-phase call. The results are in the jurnal Behaviral Eclgy.
Many ther animals that hunt in grups use vcalizatins （发声）t keep cnnected. But bats already invest mst f their vcal resurces in echlcatin fr hunting. S it appears that these bats have figured ut hw t accmplish bth tasks-hunting and cperatin-using a single type f vcalizatin.
28．Hw des the free-tailed bats hunt fr their prey?
A．Finding the sund f their prey. B．Lcating the eches they prduce.
C．Prducing the sund like a grup f insects. D．Using search-phase calls.
29．What d we knw abut “search-phrase call” in the passage?
A．The call sunds lw. B．The call acts as a signal f finding fd.
C．The call is cmmnly thught t be scial. D．The call may cntain sme kind f bats’ identity.
30．What des the writer intend t tell us in the furth paragraph?
A．The purpse f the experiment. B．The cntent f the experiment.
C．The backgrund f the experiment. D．The steps f the experiment.
31．What is the best title f the passage?
A．D yu knw bats’ calls? B．Why d bats prduce tw types f calls?
C．Let’s explre the usage f vcalizatin. D．Bat says hi as it hunts.
Passage 9（2021·宁夏银川市·银川一中高三月考）
A 62-year-ld man has set an amazing wrld recrd, planking (平板支撑) fr 8 hurs, 15 minutes and 15 secnds. Gerge Hd spent arund 2,100 hurs planking t train t win back his recrd frm Chinese pliceman Ma Weidng, wh tk the recrd in 2016 at an event Mr. Hd als cmpeted in.
“Anybdy can d what I d,” Mr. Hd said in an interview. “Everybdy has t start smewhere. Every tree that’s planted has rts. Once that tree is planted, thse rts start t grw, whether it be 30 secnds r a minute r five minutes r an hur f planking. Yu start repeating the prcess and taking care f yur tree, it will grw and yu will imprve and yu will actually get better.”
Mr. Hd’s preparatin included fur t five hurs f planking a day and 2,000 sit-ups, 700 push-ups, and 500 squats a day. He als attended training camps and had a practice attempt in 2018 in which he lasted 10 hurs and 10 minutes.
His new recrd-breaking plank was spnsred by a US gym called Fivel5 Fitness, which was set up t help peple experiencing mental illnesses that affect their thinking, feeling, r behavir. Thrughut the attempt, Mr. Hd spke t grups and listened t wrds frm guests with autism (自闭症) and adult learning difficulties.
After Guinness Wrld Recrds judge, Philip Rbertsn, said that he had brken the recrd, Mr. Hd said he wuld never d plank recrd attempts again. Hwever, he ended the event by ding 75 push-ups after his 8-hur plank, indicating that while his recrd-breaking plank days might be ver, push-up recrd attempts are happening in the near future.
32．What was Hd talking abut in the interview?
A．Hw t plant trees. B．Hw t keep a recrd.
C．Hw t lk after neself. D．Hw t plank as well as him.
33．What can we learn frm Paragraph 3?
A．Hd had been training hard t break the recrd.
B．Hd went t a mnth-lng training camp in 2016.
C．Hd planked shrter in 2018 than the new recrd.
D．Hd likes ding all kinds f sprts in his spare time.
34．What might Hd d in the future?
A．Teach thers t plank. B．Wrk fr Fivel5 Fitness.
C．Try t d push-up recrd attempts. D．Cntinue ding plank recrd attempts.
35．What’s the main purpse f the text?
A．T tell us a funny stry abut Hd’s life. B．T describe the advantages f physical activity.
C．T prvide us with infrmatin n a new recrd. D．T recrd a change that happened in Hd’s bdy.
Passage 10（2021·江苏高三一模）
In 1991, Keith White was at the centre f a 14-vehicle pile-up when a truck crssed the central reservatin and hit the van in which he was a passenger. White survived, but his left arm was crushed beynd repair, and he lst his memry fr tw years.
His pilt license was remved and he culd n lnger fllw his passin fr diving. But he had been sailing since he was 16, and s, in 2004, he decided t buy a bat, fitting it ut s he culd sail it single-handedly. “I didn’t knw at that pint if I culd sail with ne hand,” he says. “But at the back f my mind I had always thught I culd d anything if I put my mind t it.”
Within a year, White had taken n the challenge f being the first ne-armed sailr t circumnavigate (环航) the British Isles. Then he crssed the Atlantic alne in 2008. Last year he became the first sailr with a disability t circumnavigate the glbe.
Sailing single-handed fr weeks requires mental, as well as physical, strength, especially when yu are alne. S hw des he d it? It’s a questin that makes the yachtsman (帆船运动员) laugh. “When yu have seven children it’s lvely t have a little time n yur wn! It’s awesme,” he jkes. “I d a lg every hur, and my diary, and I read a few bks. I have very little sleep.” “I’m a sciable persn: I d like lts f peple arund. Answering emails and chatting ver Facebk can help stp any lneliness,” he adds.
When White made his first Atlantic crssing, he was disappinted t have his peace and quiet brken by his arrival n land. But, he says, he threw himself int meeting new peple. In between adventures, he likes sailing with peple wh haven’t tried it befre r get invlved in yacht races with friends. Perhaps the main reasn fr his success in adjusting t life after a big adventure, he says, is that he always has an idea fr a new ne in his back pcket. “It keeps me ticking ver — there’s always smething new t d. I just like challenges and ne leads t anther.”
36．Why culdn’t White cntinue his passin fr diving?
A．He lst his left arm.B．His license was due.
C．He had a new hbby.D．His memry was pr.
37．Hw did White spend his time at sea?
A．By staying awake.B．By visiting ld friends.
C．By keeping himself busy.D．By attending his children.
38．What mainly leads t White’s successful adjustment t life after a big adventure?
A．Scializing with new peple.B．Scheduling new adventures.
C．Caching new yachtsmen.D．Organizing yacht races.
39．Which f the fllwing best describes Keith White?
A．Creative.B．Humrus.C．Easy-ging.D．Adventurus.
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