新课练20 虚拟语气- 【衔接教材·暑假作业】新高二英语（人教版）

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新课练20 虚拟语气1. To my delight, the students are recycling many things they _______ away in the past.A. were throwing              B. will be throwing              C. would have thrown              D. had thrown【答案】 C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：让我高兴的是，学生们正在回收很多东西，是他们过去本来会扔掉的。分析句子可知，空格所在句定语从句，是一个隐含的虚拟语气，in the past相当于If they had been in the past，所以句子用虚拟语气，和过去相反用would have done。故选C。2. It’s a pity that we can’t arrange for our agenda; otherwise we ______ far more freedom during the whole journey.A. enjoyed              B. would enjoy              C. had enjoyed              D. would have enjoyed【答案】 B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：很遗憾我们安排不了我们的行程，要不然我们会在旅程中享受更多的自由。Otherwise后的条件是不真实的时候，要用虚拟语气，根据“far more freedom during the whole journey”判断此处表示与将来事实相反，用would do的虚拟语气，故B项正确。3. To tell the truth, I would rather I ________ the pain instead of you. You don’t know how worried I was.A. took              B. had takenC. have taken              D. should have taken【答案】 B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：说实话，我宁愿替你承受痛苦，你不知道我有多担心你。根据“was”判断此处表示过去的愿望，所以用过去完成时，故B项正确。【点睛】would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上用虚拟语气，具体用法为：一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，如：I would rather you went tomorrow(now).我宁愿你明天（现在）去；用过去完成时表示过去的愿望，如：I would rather you hadn’t done that.我宁愿你没那样做。本题中的“was”表明此处表示过去的愿望，所以用had taken。4. ________ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.A. Were it not              B. Had it not been              C. Be it not              D. Should it not be【答案】 B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是公众的及时投资，我们的公司不会像现在这样兴旺。根据“would not”判断此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，虚拟条件句省if可以采用倒装形式替代，If it had been for =Had it not been for表示“要不是”，故B项正确。【点睛】本题的解题关键是根据“would not”判断此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，虚拟条件句省略if从句表示与过去事实相反的假设时，谓语动词形式为had done，如果省略if，则操作词had倒装，If it had been for =Had it not been for表示“要不是”。5. The order came     the soldiers     the small village the next morning.A. that; had to leave              B. that; should leaveC. /; must leave              D. when; should leave【答案】 B【解析】考查从句连词和虚拟语气。句意：士兵们第二天早上离开这个小村子这个命令传来。第一空为同位语从句，作order的同位语，从句中不缺少成分，所以选择that，order后面的从句中要使用虚拟语气，即sb should do sth,所以选择B。6. One of the requirements for being admitted to the University is that you ________ the English test organized by it.A. will pass              B. would pass              C. pass              D. must pass【答案】 C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：被这所大学录取的条件之一是你必须要通过它组织的英语考试。在require、recommend、demand、suggest、advise等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 (should)+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。同样，这些动词的名词形式后若有表语从句或同位语从句，从句中谓语动词用此类虚拟语气。故选C项。7. —What a shame! You missed my birthday party!—I’m terribly sorry, dear. Believe me, if I could have afforded the time, I _________.A. would              B. should              C. would have              D. should have【答案】 C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：---真可惜！你错过了我的生日聚会！---非常抱歉，亲爱的。相信我，如果我有时间的话，我会参加的。  could have afforded the time表示未曾实现的能力：即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的，但实际上没有那样去做，通常译为“本来可以”“本来能力。所以本句表示我本可以抽出时间去参加生日聚会，但是我没有。would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。在本句中表示本来会参加的，但实际上没有参加。故选C项。8. E-commerce companies are helping small businesses in financial trouble obtain loans that they otherwise _______ to raise.A. must struggle              B. can have struggledC. could struggle              D. would have struggled【答案】 D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：电子商务公司正在帮助陷入财务困境的小企业获得贷款，否则它们将难以筹集到这些贷款。根据句意可知，otherwise引导的短语或句子有时相当于一个虚拟条件句，在句中otherwise引导的短语与过去事实相反，则时态用would(not)+have done，故选D。9. The board thought it urgent that these files _____ right away.A. printed              B. had been printed              C. would been printed              D. be printed【答案】 D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：董事会认为立即把这些文件打印出来是当务之急。句型it is urgent that+(should) do，且print与file构成被动，故应填(should) be printed，should可以省。故选D。10. _____ you have any further questions, please contact us at the address above.A. Would              B. Should              C. Could              D. Will【答案】 B【解析】考查虚拟条件句的省和倒装。句意：如有任何疑问，请按上述地址与我们联络。当虚拟条件句谓语部分含有were/should/had时，可以将连词if省略，而将were/should/had置于句首。故选B。填空题。1. I v_____ took part in a charity program and went to the rural area in Guangxi to train the English teachers there.2. The material’s inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly a_____ to plastic.3. From this story, I am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will c_____ to building a warm and harmonious society. 4. Schools should e_____ a minimum of one-hour exercise for each student every day to improve their fitness.5. It has recently been announced that all the music stores nationwide are p_____ from selling pirated（盗版的）CDs.6. Large numbers of fans complained that all the live concert failed to live up to their e_____.7. On this tour we will experience four different m_____ cultures: the Inuit, the Aborigines, the Maoris and Native American Indians.8. She’s an actress whose inner life has remained m_____, despite the many interviews she has given.9. Failures hurt grown-ups and children a_____, but it can make a difference to your life once you learn to use it.10. The teachers, students and alumni had a grand meeting in c_____ of the 120 anniversary of our school.11. The m_____ behind the decision is the desire to improve our service to our customers.12. Last summer, an unexpected storm, with the strong winds a_____ by heavy rain, struck the area.13. You can’t p_____ everything. Often things don’t work out as you expect.14. Now a majority of high school students in China fail to get a_____ sleep during the night so they find it difficult to stay energetic at school.15. The one-day event has been held annually on Nov.11, celebrated with a wide v_____ of deals and discounts from Tmall.16. The official said the safety of up to 400 children in the refugee camp must be g_____.17. We have several stand-up c_____ in our club, who always bring us a lot of laughter and joy.18. ---Hello, welcome to the City Transport Lost Property. Can you give us a d_____ of your lost stuff?19. People in East Africa are dying from a_____, because food shortage is still a big problem there.20. The car driven by Sean Connery in some Bond films will go under the hammer this October and is expected to f_____ over $5 million.【答案】 1. voluntarily    2. alternative    3. contribute    4. ensure    5. prohibited    6. expectations    7. minority    8. mysterious    9. alike    10. celebration    11. motivation    12. accompanied    13. predict    14. adequate    15. variety    16. guaranteed    17. comedians    18. description    19. starvation    20. fetch【1题详解】考查副词。句意：我自愿参加了一个慈善项目，去广西农村培训那里英语老师。take part in为动词短语，需要副词修饰，故填副词voluntarily，“自愿地”。【2题详解】考查名词。句意：这种材料的发明者说，它有许多可能的用途，有朝一日可能会提供一种比塑料更环保的替代品。friendly为形容词修饰名词，故填alternative“供替代的选择；替代品”。【3题详解】考查动词。句意：从这个故事中，我坚定地相信诚实的重要性，它将有助于建立一个温暖和谐的社会。短语contribute to“有助于”。根据上文will可知填动词原形contribute。【4题详解】考查动词。句意：学校应确保每个学生每天至少锻炼一小时，以提高他们的健康。根据上文should后跟动词原形，故填ensure，表示“确保”。【5题详解】考查动词。句意：最近宣布，全国所有的音乐商店都禁止销售盗版光盘。根据上文are可知为一般现在时的被动语态，故填过去分词prohibited。【6题详解】考查名词的数。句意：许多歌迷抱怨说，所有的现场音乐会都没有达到他们的期望。根据上文their为形容词性物主代词修饰名词可知填expectations，表示“期望；预期”。【7题详解】考查名词。句意：在这次旅行中，我们将体验四种不同的少数民族文化:因纽特人、土著居民、毛利人和美洲印第安人。根据上文different为形容词修饰名词可知应填minority“少数民族”。【8题详解】考查形容词。句意：她是一位女演员，尽管接受了许多采访，但她的内心生活仍然很神秘。remain为系动词后跟形容词作表语，故填mysterious“神秘的”。【9题详解】考查副词。句意：失败对成年人和孩子都是一种伤害，但一旦你学会利用它，它就能改变你的生活。此处应填副词修饰动词hurt，表示“同样地”故填alike。【10题详解】考查名词。句意：为了庆祝我校建校120周年，老师们、同学们和校友们举行了隆重的会议。短语in celebration of“为庆祝……”，故填名词celebration。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：这一决定背后的动机是希望改善我们对客户的服务。根据上文the可知填名词motivation，表示“动机”。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：去年夏天，一场意想不到的暴风雨，伴随着强风和大雨袭击了这个地区。本句为with的复合结构，且wind与accompany构成被动用过去分词，故填accompanied，表示“伴随”。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：你不能预测一切。事情往往不会如你所愿。根据上文can’t可知应填动词原形predict，表示“预测”。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：现在，中国大部分高中生晚上睡眠不足，所以他们发现很难在学校保持精力充沛。下文sleep为名词“睡眠”需要形容词修饰，故填adequate，表示“充足的”。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：这个为期一天的活动每年11月11日举行，天猫以各种各样的优惠和折扣来庆祝。短语a wide variety of“多种多样的”，故填名词variety。【16题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：这位官员说，难民营中多达400名儿童的安全必须得到保障。根据上文must be可知为被动语态，故填过去分词guaranteed，表示“保障”。【17题详解】考查名词的数。句意：我们俱乐部有几个喜剧演员，他们总是给我们带来很多欢笑和快乐。短语stand-up comedian“喜剧演员”，由several修饰故填复数comedians。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：——您好，欢迎来到城市交通失物招领处。你能给我们描述一下你丢失的东西吗?根据上文a可知应填名词description“描述”。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：东非人民因饥饿而死亡，因为那里的粮食短缺仍然是一个大问题。根据上文from为介词后跟名词作宾语，故填starvation“饥饿”。【20题详解】考查动词。句意：肖恩·康纳利在邦德系列电影中驾驶的汽车将于今年10月拍卖，预计将拍出500多万美元。短语be expected to do sth.“预计；有望做某事”后跟不定式，故填动词原形fetch，“达到”。