2022年外研版中考英语复习现在完成时导学案（无答案）

这是一份2022年外研版中考英语复习现在完成时导学案（无答案），共7页。
一， 现在完成时的构成
（一）肯定式 主语＋助动词have ／has ＋过去分词＋其它
Tips：这里的have ／has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。 has，have的缩略式分别为's或've。fr example：
他说他已经去过美国三次了。He says he has been t the USA three times.
Exercise：模仿例句改写以下祈使句
Example: Clean the rm. (I this mrning )
I have already cleaned the rm . I cleaned the rm this mrning.
1. buy a cmputer. (I last night)
__________________________________________
brrw the bk. (she yesterday)
3. find the by. (they yesterday evening)
（二）否定式
主语＋助动词have ／has＋nt＋过去分词＋其它
Tips：助动词have nt，has nt缩略为haven't ，hasn't。另外，肯定句中有sme，already时，改为否定时要分别改成any，yet。fr example：
1）I haven't finished my hmewrk yet．我还没有完成我的作业。
2）She hasn't travelled n a train ．她没有坐火车旅行过。
Tips：有时nt可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如：
3）We have never spken t a freigner until tday．今天之前，我们从没和外国人说过话。
4）I’ve never seen a real tiger s far．目前为止我从来没有见过真的老虎。
Exercise：模仿例句回答问题。 Have yu visited Beijing and Nanjing? ( I )
I haven’t visited Beijing yet. I have just visited Nanjing.
1. Have yu finished yur husewrk r yur hmewrk? ( I )
______________________________________________________
2. Has he bught a car r a card? ( He )
（三）一般疑问式
助动词Have ／Has ＋主语＋过去分词＋其它 ？
Tips：句中有sme，already时，要分别改成any，yet。有时也可以用“N，nt yet．／N ，never．／N，nt even nce．”等。fr example：
1）—Have yu ever been t Hng Kng ？你曾经去过香港吗？
—Yes ，I have ．是的，去过。—N，never．不，从来没有。
2）—Has yur friend fund the lst bks yet ？你朋友已经找到了丢失的书吗？
—Yes ，she has．是的，她找到了。—N，nt yet．不，还没。
Exercise：按要求句型转换
1、He has already finished his hmewrk．（改为否定句）
He _______ finished his hmewrk _______．
2．They have fund the lst bks already．（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答）
______ they _______ the lst bks _______？N，they________．
3．Julia has nt gt hme frm schl yet．（改为肯定句）
Julia _________ hme frm schl ______．
4．Yu have never been t Shanghai befre，_________ _________ ？（改为反意疑问句）
5. He’s gne t Beijing, ______ ______?（改为反意疑问句）
6. He has fund nthing in the rm．（改为一般疑问句）
________he fund________in the rm？
7. I have already finished the wrk．（改为否定句）
I________finished the wrk________.
8. She has gt a ntebk．（对划线部分提问）
________ ________she gt？
二， 用法两个: 强调结果和强调持续：
1，过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响或结果：强调结果
Fr example：A我刚好买了那本书。I have just bught the bk．（表明现在我有这本书了,不用再买了）
B 据说Lily丢失了她的书。 It is said that Lily has lst her bks ．（表示现在还没找到）(如用过去时：Lily lst her bks . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到)
Exercise：把下列句子译成汉语
1).你已经找到你的书了吗? (find-fund)______________________________________________________
2). 劳老师刚刚离开. (leave-left) __________________________________________________________
3).Judy还没到达. (arrive-arrived)_______________________________________________
4).你吃过早饭了吗? (have-had)______________________________________________
2，过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续
Fr example：A 两年前开始我就在这学习。 I have cme t study here since tw years ag.
B空气污染已经夺去了很多人的生命。Air pllutin has taken the lives f many peple.

三. 在下列情形下用现在完成时
1 六副词----
现在完成时的用法1强调结果时，常与时间副词already（已经） ，yet（还、已经） ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经），never（从不） ，befre（以前）等连用。
①already“已经”，常用于肯定句，放在助动词与过去分词之间，也可放句末。fr example：
1）I've already read this bk. 我已经读过这本书了。（这里read是过去分词,发音【red】）
（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。）
2）I've washed my clthes already．我已经洗了衣服。
（洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服洗干净了”。）
注意：在知道对方已经做了某事，表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于疑问句中。fr example：
3）Have yu met him already ？你（真的）已经见过他了？（多见于口语中）
②yet疑问句译为“已经”，否定句译为“还”，常放在句末。fr example：
1）—Has he fund his watch yet ？他已经找到他的手表了吗？
—N，nt yet．不，还没有。
2）The wman hasn't fund her dg yet ．
那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。（没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响）
③．just译为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。fr example：
He has just cme back frm schl ．他刚从学校回来。
④．ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。fr example：
1）Have yu ever been t Hng Kng ？你曾去过香港吗？
2）I haven't ever spken t her．我未曾和她说过话。
⑤．never意为“从来没有”常与befre连用（befre放句尾，而never放助动词与过去分词间。fr example：
I have never travelled by plane befre．我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。
⑥．befre意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，放句末。fr example：
1）Have yu been t Hainan befre ？你以前去过海南吗？
2）I haven't eaten Guangdng fd befre．我以前没吃过广东菜。
2两结构fr时间段，since时间点，
现在完成时用法2——强调持续时，肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
1）I've lived here since 2001．自从2001年以来我就住在这里。
= I've lived here since 13 years ag.
= I've lived here fr 13 years.
= It is 13 years since I began t live here.
2）I haven't seen him fr three years ．我三年没有看见他了。
= I haven't seen him since three years ag
= I haven't seen him since 2010.
= It is 3 years since I saw him last time.
3） 自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。
Mr Wang has wrked in the factry since he came t the city ．
4） 自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。
She's been at this schl since five years ag．

注意：①对fr和since引导的时间状语提问要用Hw lng。
② 含含糊糊的时间用s far到目前为止 例：S far he has learnt 200 wrds.
1：用fr 或since填空
①．Mr. Brwn has had his TV ________ 15 years.
②.I’ve taken driving lessns _________ last mnth.
③.My sister has had her cell phne ________ a mnth .
④.My friends haven’t visited me ___________ my birthday.
⑤. Tm has wrn glasses _________ he was 7 years ld.
1．Mr Wang began t teach English in this schl in 2010．（改为同义句）
Mr Wang _________ _________ English in this schl_______ 2010．
2. He hasn’t left hme fr 3 days.(同义句)
He _____ ______ ______ hme_____3 days_____.
3. They have lived here since 3 years ag. (对划线提问)
___________________they_____________________________?
4. Her mther __________(becme)a dctr in 1989. She _________(wrk) in the hspital since 26 years ld.
5. He _____________(teach) English here since we _______________(see) him 5 years ag.
3，常用句型
第一，去了没在gne t, 曾经去过been t
havegne t去了某地 例：He has gne t Beijing (去了北京)
havebeen t去过某地 例：He has been t Beijing. (去过北京，回来了)
A: have(has) gne t 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。说话时该人不在现场，如：
汤姆不在这，他去哪里了？—Tm isn’t here.Where has he gne t?
他到书店去了。—He has gne t the bkshp.
B: have(has) been t意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。
可与just, ever, never等连用。后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。如：
I've just been t the pst ffice. 我刚才去邮局了。
Have yu ever been t Hangzhu? 你曾经去过杭州吗？
Mary has never been t the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
They have been t that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
拓展： have(has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：
Mr. Brwn has been in Shanghai fr three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
They have been in Canada fr five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。
练一练：
1.用have/has been t, have/has gne t填空：
①.—Where is yur brther? —He _______the shp. He’ll be back sn.
2. — ____ yu ever ____t America? —Yes, I _______ New Yrk twice.
3. —Here yu are at last! Where _____ yu _____?
—I _____________ Lndn.
4. —David ___________ Australia. —I’m sure he’s already arrived.
5. —Is Benny here?
—N, he __________ the schl library. He left five minutes ag.
2.选择been , gne填空.
1.Jim is n hliday . He has ________ t Italy .
2. Hell ! I have just ________ t the shps . I have bught lts f things .
3.Alice is nt here at the mment . She has ________ t the shp t get a newspaper .
4.Tm has _______ ut . He will be back in abut an hur .
5.“ Are yu ging t the bank ?” “N , I have already ________ there .”
第二，固定搭配
这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。 This is the best bk I have ever read.
这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。 It is the first time I have played the cmputer games.
在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。 They have planted many trees in the last few years.
hw lng多久 例：Hw lng have yu lived here?
hw many times多少次 例：Hw many times has he been t Beijing?

1. It’s the third time that I _______________(see) him this mnth.
2. Is yur mther at hme? ------N, she _______________(g) t wrk.
3. Hw many times ___________yu _____________(be) t Beijing?
------Only nce. I _______________(g) there tw years ag.
四，必记考点
1， 延续性动词和终止性动词
①延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn wrk stand lie knw walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live
②一次性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，终止性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leave start set ut arrive reach get t begin stp shut turn ff marry put put n get up wake fall jin meet receive finish end cmplete becme cme g die pen clse break give jump buy brrw 注意：一次性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I have received his letter fr a mnth.
（对）I haven't received his letter fr almst a mnth.
2，在用法2强调持续中，一次性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与fr(达到；累计)或since（自从。。。到现在）引出的时间状语连用。
我们如果想表达“他已离开此地两天了。”我们不能说“He has left fr tw days.”而应说成“He has been away fr tw days.”
例：He has bught the bk fr 3 years.（错）
因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间fr 3 years连用, 改正的办法有：
① He has had the bk fr 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy）
② He bught the bk 3 years ag. (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)
以上是最常用的两种表达。
③ It’s 3 years since he bught the bk. = 3 years has passed since he bught the bk. （改为固定句型 It is ---since---）
④ He has bught the bk. (去掉一段时间fr 3 years)

还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的办法改正， fr example：
①cme/arrive/get t/reach → be here 把动词改成be+副词在这里
例：I have cme here fr 3 years.（错） 改为：I have been here fr 3 years.
②leave/g →be away把动词改成be+副词远离地
例：He has left fr 3 hurs.（错） 改为：He has been away fr 3 hurs.
③begin/start →be n
例：The film has begun fr 30 minutes.（错） 改为：The film has been n fr 30 minutes.
④pen →be pen / clse → be clsed把动词改成be+形容词
例：The shp has pened fr 3 years.(错) 改为：The shp has been pen fr 3 years.
⑤die →be dead把动词改成be+形容词
例：His father has died fr 3 years.(错) 改为：His father has been dead fr 3 years.
⑥finish/end→ be ver
例：He has finished the wrk fr 3 days.(错) 改为：The wrk has been ver fr 3 days
⑦jin 例：I have jined the army fr 3 years.（错）
改为：I have been in the army fr 3 years. 或I have been a sldier fr 3 years.
⑧buy /catch → have把一次性动词改成延续性动词拥有
例：I have bught the bike fr 3 years.（错） 改为：I have had the bike fr 3 years.
例：He has caught a cld fr 3 days.（错） 改为：He has had a cld fr 3 days.
⑨brrw → keep把一次性动词改成延续性动词保有
例：I have brrwed the bk fr 3 years. （错） 改为：I have kept the bk fr 3 years.
还有其它的归纳如下：
break → be brken get up → be up
marry → be married becme → be lse → be lst
3，时间状语的区分
第一.最近 lately, recently是完成时的时间状语；just nw 有a mment ag 之意，是过去时的时间状语。如：Have yu heard frm yur family lately/recently? Did yu see Jan just nw?
第二，. 过去几年来in the past few years 常用于完成时中；in the past意思是“在过去”，常用于过去时中。 如： Great changes have taken place in my hmetwn in the past few years. Where did yu wrk in the past?
第三. ever since then与frm then n / after that 都有“打那以后”之意，
但前者常用于完成时，而后两者常用于过去时。如：She's lived here ever since then. I didn't hear f Jim frm then n/after that.
第四.以前 befre 通常用于完成时；通常用于过去时。如：
I have never been t Japan befre. She went t Japan tw years ag.
第五. s far“到目前为止”， these days“这些天来”也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。如：
S far, n man has travelled farther than the mn. What have yu dne these days?
三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。
① arrive at / in sp / get t / reach sp / cme / g / mve t sp
→ be in sp / at schl / at hme / n the farm / be here / be there
1) He gt t Beijing five minutes ag.He Beijing fr .
2) I mved t the USA in 2008. I the USA since .
3) I went hme yesterday. I hme fr .
4) They came here last week. They ___________ here since _____________.
② cme t / g back t / return t→ be back t g ut → be ut
1) He came ut tw years ag.He ______________ fr ____________.
2) We return t Beijing yesterday.We ___ ____________ t Beijing since __________.
③ becme → be
1) I became a teacher in 2000. I ________________ a teacher fr _________________.
2) The river became dirty last year. The river _______ _______ dirty fr _______ ________.
④ clse → be clsed pen → be pen
1) The shp clsed tw hurs ag. The shp _______________ ______ fr _________________.
2) The dr pened at six in the mrning.The dr ________ ________ ________ fr six hurs.
⑤ get up → be up； die → be dead； leave sp. → be away frm sp.
fall asleep / get tt sleep → be asleep； finish / end → be ver；marry → be married；
1) I gt up tw hurs ag.I ________ ______ _______since _______________.
2) He left Shanghai just nw.He _______ _____________ ______ Shanghai fr five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _______ _____ ______fr _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting ________ ______ ______ fr six hurs.
5) I gt t sleep tw hurs ag .I ________ _____ ___ since _________ _________.
6) They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥ start / begin t d sth. → d sth. ；begin → be n
1) I began t teach at this schl in 1995. I ____ ____ at this schl since ____.
2) The film began tw minutes ag. The film ____ ____ ____ fr ____ ____.
⑦ brrw → keep； lse → nt have ；buy → have ；put n → wear
catch / get a cld → have a cld； get t knw → knw
1) They brrwed it last week. They __________it since _____________.
2) I bught a pen tw hurs ag. I ____________a pen fr _____________.
3) I gt t knw him last year. I ___________ him since ___________.
4) I put n my glasses three years ag. I _________ my glasses fr ______________.
⑧have / has gne t → have been in
He has gne t Beijing.He _____________ Beijing fr tw days.
⑨ jin the league / the Party / the army
→ be a league member /a Party member / a sldier
→ be a member f the league / the Party
→ be in the league / the Party / the army
1) He jined the league in 2002.
He _________________ a _________________ fr tw years.
He ___________ a _________ the ________ fr tw years.
He _______________________ the league fr tw years.
2) My brther jined the army tw years ag.
My brther _________a ________ fr ___________ ___________.
My brther ___________ in ___________ fr tw years.
4, 过去分词有规则与不规则两种。
规则的变化形式与动词的过去式一样。不规则就需要记忆了
不规则动词过去式和过去分词
1, A-B-A.原型与过去分词相同
cme----came----cme run----ran----run becme----became----becme
2.A-A-A
cast----cast----cast cut----cut----cut put----put----put
let----let----let set----set----set hit----hit----hit
3. A-B-B过去式与过去分词完全相同
bright----brught----brught think----thught----thught buy----bught----bught catch----caught----caught tell----tld----tld
4. A-B-C原型：过去式和过去分词完全不同
drink---drank----drunk ring----rang-----rung speak----spke----spken hide----hid----hidden d----did----dne see----saw----seen
Exercise：判断每句有没有错误，并改正
1. Jim has bught the bk fr just 3 days.
2. Uncle Wang has died fr 3 years.
3. I have gne t Beijing three times.
4. Jim isn’t here. He has been t Beijing. He went there this mrning.
5. She has lived there since 8 years.
6. Has he been a teacher fr 1990?
7. I lived here since 3 mnths ag.
8. Have yu finished the wrk yet? ------Yes, I did.
9. Jim’s brthers has made many kinds f kites.
10. He has taked the bks away.
填空
11. Wait here, please. The train _______________(nt arrive) yet.
12. Where is my dictinary? ------Li Ping _______________(take) it away.
13. I _______________(lse) my pen, and I _______________(lk)fr it nw.
14. I _______________(nt see) such a strange thing befre.
15. He jined the Party in 1990. He _______________(be) a party member fr 10 years.
16. Hw lng ______________Uncle Wang ______________(wrk) in this factry? ------Since 1995.
17. S far the children _______________(learn) 1,000 English wrds.
18. _______________yu _______________(mend) yur bike? ------Yes. I mended it a mment ag.
19. I’ll tell him the news that ur class _______________(win) already.
20. The bx is empty. Wh _______________(eat) all the cakes?
21. He has fund his bike .When _______________he _______________(find) it?
22. Her sister _______________ (g) t Shanghai. She _______________ (leave) this mrning.
fr tw mnths
Fr +一段时间
Jim has lived here fr 2 mnths.
since last year
since +过去点时间
Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ag.
since 3 years ag
since 2009
since he came here
since +过去时态句子
He has been in China since he came here.
We have knwn each ther since we went t primary schl.