专题06 动词_备战2022年小升初英语必考语法和题型
展开专题06 动词
一、动词的概念
动词是表示动作或状态的词。如:
I read English every day. (表示动作) 我每天都读英语。
There is a book on the desk. (表示状态) 桌子上有一本书。
二、动词的分类
分类 | 例词 |
实义动词 | open,learn,stop,read |
系动词 | be,become,turn, get |
助动词 | do,have,shall,will |
情态动词 | can,may,must,need, should |
考点1: 动词的分类与用法
1. 实义动词
实义动词也叫___________,______________________,______________________。如:
I like English. 我喜欢英语。
The child is playing the piano. 这个小孩正在弹钢琴。
2. 系动词
系动词也叫___________,__________________,____________________________________________。系动词可以分为下面三类:
(1) be动词
be动词是最基本的系动词。它包括___________及这三个词的相应变化形式。如:
I am a teacher. 我是一名老师。
She was thirteen last year. 她去年13岁。
Be动词用法口诀:___________________________________________________________________________
(2) 表感觉的系动词
___________(看上去) ,___________(听起来) ,___________(摸起来;感觉) ,taste(尝起来) ,smell(闻起来) 等等。如:
The cake tastes good. 这蛋糕很好吃。
Flowers smell sweet. 花闻起来很香。
(3) 其他系动词
还有一些表示具有某种状态或这种状态正在持续或变化的词,这些词也属于系动词。这类动词常见的有:seem(似乎) ,keep(保持) ,stay(仍然) , get(变得) ,go(变) ,become(变成) ,turn(转变) 等。如:
She often keeps her room clean. 她经常保持房间干净。
The weather gets warmer. 天气变得更暖和了。
3. 情态动词
情态动词指_________________________________。__________________,_________________________
___________。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有:can,could,may,might,must,will,would,shall,should等等。如:
I can play the piano. 我会弹钢琴。
We should study hard. 我们应该努力学习。
4. 助动词
助动词___________,它和实义动词一起构成___________和________,也可构成_______和________结构。常用的助动词有___________________,___________等。如:
What do you usually do at the weekend? 你通常在周末做什么?
Did you have a good time? 你玩得开心吗?
考点2:动词的基本形式
英语的动词有五种形式,即___________、___________、___________、___________和___________。下面介绍一下小学阶段出现过的几种动词的形式。
(1) 动词原形
动词原形是_________________________________,即我们常在字典中所看到的动词,如:do, work, study, go等
(2) 动词的第三人称单数形式
动词的第三人称单数形式是指______________________________________________________________
___________。它的变化规则与可数名词单数变复数的规则相似。
不规则变化:have—________
规 则 | 例 词 |
一般在动词词尾加-s | play — ________ like — ________ read — ________ write — ________ |
以s ,x ,sh ,ch , o 结尾的动词,加-es | wash — ________ go — ________ do—________ watch —________ guess— ________ |
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词, 把y改成i , 再加-es | carry— ________ fly — ________ study — ________ cry — ________ |
(3) 现在分词
规 则 | 例 词 |
一般情况下在动词词尾加-ing | do — ________ work — ________ play—________ |
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写这个辅音字母再加-ing | sit — ____________ cut — ____________ plan — ____________ run — ____________ get — ____________ begin— ____________ |
以字母ie结尾的动词,将ie改为y再加-ing | die — ________ lie — ________ tie — ________ |
(4) 动词的过去式
规 则 | 例 词 |
一般在动词词尾加-ed | help — ________ walk — ________ work — ________ talk—________ |
以不发音e结尾的动词,直接加-d | like — ________ love — ________ hope — ________ skate— ________ |
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,改y为i,再加-ed | study — ________ cry — ________ carry — ________ try — ________ |
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,先双写这个辅音字母再加-ed | plan — ________ stop — ________ drop — ________ shop—________ |
基础训练
(限时 15分钟 满分20分)
一、按要求写出下列动词的适当形式。(每小题1分,共10分)
1.wash (三单)__________ 2. run (现在分词) _________
3. have (三单)________ 4.study (过去式) ________
5. sing (现在分词)_________ 6. lie (现在分词)________
7. get (过去式) _________ 8. play(三单)__________
9. be (三单)_________ 10. go (过去式) _________
二、单项选择。(每小题1分,共10分)
( )1. —Can you speak French ? —No, I __________.
A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t
( ) 2. He likes __________.
A. cook B. cooks C. cooking D. cooked
( ) 3. He __________ a cat on the blackboard now.
A. is drawing B. draw C. drawing D. draws
( ) 4. I _________ a dictionary yesterday.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. bought
( ) 5. I have never heard of the story. It _________ funny.
A. sounds B. feels C. tastes D. looks
( ) 6. Every morning my grandfather __________ for a walk around the lake.
A. go B. goes C. went D. is going
( ) 7. —What are you doing? —I am __________ a card.
A. makes B. making C. make D. maked
( ) 8. Granny Li often _________ the children stories.
A. speaks B. says C. talks D. tells
( ) 9. — Did you read books yesterday? — Yes, I __________.
A. does B. do C. did D. am
( ) 10. Ben and I __________ some flowers last week.
A. planted B. plant C. planting D. plants
巩固提升
(限时15分 满分 15分)
一、单项选择。(每小题1分,共8分)
( ) 1. He is in Japan for many years, so he can _________ much Japanese.
A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell
( ) 2. This American spaceship _________ a man into space.
A. brought B. gave C. took D. bought
( ) 3. Look! They _________ busy. They _________ in the park.
A. are; work B. are; are working C. were; worked D. are; working
( ) 4. —What did you do last night?
—I did my homework and __________ TV.
A. watch B. am watching C. will watch D. watched
( ) 5. He often ________ to the movie, but he didn’t _______ yesterday.
A. go; went B. goes; goes C. goes; go D. go; goes
( ) 6. —Do you have a school bag? —__________.
A. Yes, I have. B. Yes, I do. C. No, I have not. D. No, I do.
( ) 7. We should _________ our mother do some housework.
A. help B. helped C. helps D. helping
( ) 8. We are going to ___________ a cake.
A. making B. makes C. made D. make
二、根据句意,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。(每空1分,共7分)
1. He _________ (go) to school at half past seven every day.
2. Miss Gao _________ (teach) us English ten years ago.
3. Peter _________ (study) English every day.
4. They __________ (swim ) now.
5. The sun _________ (rise) in the east.
6. Lingling ________ (be) a student. She can ________ (draw) pictures well.
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