专题12 四大句型（陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句）_备战2022年小升初英语必考语法和题型

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专题12 四大句型（陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句）(一) 陈述句一、陈述句的概念陈述是___________________________，句末用句号如：He gets up at seven. 他七点钟起床。(陈述事实) I don't think so. 我不这么认为。(陈述观点) 二、陈述句的分类1. 陈述句的肯定式① ___________________________如：This is my brother. 这是我哥哥。Li Ming and Li Hua are good friends. 李明和李华是好朋友。② ___________________________如：I read books on Sundays. 我在星期天读书。He plays football every day. 他每天都踢足球。2. 陈述句的否定式① be动词的否定式：在be动词后面直接加not如：I am a student. → ___________________________He is reading. → ___________________________They are working. → ___________________________② 情态动词的否定式：在情态动词后面直接加not如：He can dance. → ___________________________You should go to bed early. → ____________________________________③ 实义动词的否定式：在实义动词前加don't、doesn't或者didn't如：I like pop music. →___________________________He likes running. →___________________________He went to the zoo yesterday. →____________________________________ 基础训练(限时10分钟  满分10分) 一、按要求写句子。(每小题1，共5分) 1. There's some rice in the bowl.(改为否定句) _____________________________________________________________________That is a kite.(改为复数句) _____________________________________________________________________This is a book. It's my sister's.(将两句话合并成一句话) _____________________________________________________________________They did a lot of homework at school.(改为否定句) _____________________________________________________________________I have some books in my backpack.(改为否定句) _____________________________________________________________________二、将下列排列错乱的单词连成一个通顺的陈述句。(每小题1分，共5分) is, teacher, she, my (.) ____________________________________________________________________his，David, does, homework (.)_____________________________________________________________________on, we, have, Sunday, lessons, no(.)_____________________________________________________________________football, Tom, playing, like, doesn't. _____________________________________________________________________is, too, driving, Daming, fast (. )_____________________________________________________________________  (二) 疑问句一、疑问句的概念疑问句是用于提出疑问的句子，句末应有问号，常见的是__________________和__________________。二、疑问句的用法一般疑问句① 由be动词构成如：I am a student.   我是一个学生。—Are you a student?   你是一个学生吗？—Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.  是的，我是。/ 不，我不是。 ② 由实义动词构成的一般疑问句，在句首加助动词_____，_______，______(助动词的使用要与人称及时态一致) 如：I often go to school on foot.    我经常走路去上学。—Do you often go to school on foot?  你经常走路去上学吗？—Yes, I do. / No, I don't.  是的，我经常走路上学。/ 不，我不走路去上学。 如：Mary likes playing the piano.   玛丽喜欢弹钢琴。— Does Mary like playing the piano?  玛丽喜欢弹钢琴吗？— Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 是的，她喜欢。/ 不，她不喜欢。 如：She saw a beautiful picture yesterday.  她昨天看到了一张漂亮的图片。   — Did she see a beautiful picture yesterday?  她昨天看到了一张漂亮图片吗？—Yes, she did. / No, she didn't. 是的，她看到了。/ 不，她没看到。 ③ 含有情态动词的一般疑问句如：I can play basketball.    我会打篮球。— Can you play basketball?   你会打篮球吗？—Yes, I can. / No, I can't. 是的，我会。/ 不，我不会。 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是由_________提问的句子。疑问词包括疑问代词(_______，_______，_______，_______) 和疑问副词(_______， _______， _______， _______等) 。其基本结构是：___________________________。常见的疑问词以及提问方式有：(1)What (什么) This is a map. 这是一张地图。 (对划线部分提问) — ___________________________(2)Who(谁) This is my mother.  这是我的妈妈。(对划线部分提问) — ___________________________(3)When(什么时候) I go to work at 8:00 every morning. 我每天早上八点去上班。(对划线部分提问) —___________________________(4)How(怎样) Jim goes to school by bus. 吉姆坐公车去学校。(对划线部分提问) —___________________________ (5)Which(哪一个) The boy in black is my brother. 穿黑色衣服的男孩是我哥哥。(对划线部分提问) —___________________________(6)Where (哪里) I am going to go to Beijing.  我将要去北京。(对划线部分提问) —___________________________ 温馨提示：除了上述的常考点外，还有几个常见的特殊疑问句的用法。如：What color (询问颜色)  How much (询问价格)  How many (询问多少)How old ( 询问年龄)  How long (询问长短)  How often ( 询问频率)等。 对划线部分提问步骤：①　就画线部分选择一个疑问词，并放在句首②　去掉划线部分③　把其余部分变成一般疑问句基础训练(限时10分钟  满分10分) 一、     按要求写句子。(每小题1分，共5分) He is a teacher.(改为一般疑问句)__________________________________________________________________I'm going to the zoo this Sunday.(就划线部分提问)__________________________________________________________________Jim can help his mother with housework.(改为一般疑问句)__________________________________________________________________Daming often goes to work by bus.(就划线部分提问)__________________________________________________________________This is a nice watch.(改为一般疑问句)__________________________________________________________________  (三) 祈使句一、祈使句的概念 祈使句是_________________________________________的句子。祈使句的主语一般为_____________，通常省略，谓语动词用_________，祈使句的句末通常用句号或感叹号。如：Come this way, madam. 这边请，夫人。Please be quiet! 请安静！Don't forget to turn off the lights. 别忘了关灯。二、祈使句的四种句式① Let型：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他如：Let him come here. 让他来这儿。Let me help you. 让我来帮你。② Do型：行为动词原形+宾语+其他如：Cut up these bananas. 把这些香蕉切碎。Have a good time! 玩得开心！③ Be型：Be+表语(名词、形容词等) +其他如：Be quiet.　保持安静。  Be careful! 当心！④ 为了使祈使句的语气更委婉，常在句首或句尾加上please如：Sit down, please. 请坐。  Wait a minute, please. 请等一会儿。三、祈使句的否定句① Don't+动词原形+其他 (注意：句首带please的否定要把please放在don't前面)如：Don't talk loudly in the hallway. 不要在走廊里大声喧哗。Don't be late for school. 上课不要迟到。② No+V.-ing / 名词! 如：No smoking! 禁止吸烟！ No photos! 禁止拍照！ 基础训练(限时15分钟    满分20分) 一、将下列祈使句改为否定句。(每小题2分，共10分)  1. Take your book here.                                       2. Please wait for her.                                          3. Be late for school.                                           4. Let him play football.                                        5. Sit under the tree, please.                                    二、将下列句子改为祈使句。(每小题2分，共10分) 1. You mustn't look out of the window.  ________ __________ ___________ ___________ the window. 2. You may let the children play the piano.   _________ ___________ __________ play the piano. 3. You shouldn't drive too fast. __________ __________ ___________ ______________. 4. You must be polite to the elder.  ___________ ___________ ___________ __________ ___________. 5. You shouldn't eat too much junk food. ________ __________ __________ ___________ junk food.   (四) 感叹句一、感叹句的概念感叹句是____________________________________的句子，多用_________和 _________引导。二、感叹句的分类1. How引导的感叹句        How + __________________ ( + 主语 + 谓语！)如：How nice the watch is!  多么好看的手表啊！How high he jumps! 他跳得多么高啊！ 2. What引导的感叹句        What + ____________________________________ (+ 主语 + 谓语！)如：What a clever boy (he is)!  多么聪明的男孩啊！What an interesting book (it is)!  多么有趣的书啊！        What +____________________________________ (+ 主语 + 谓语！)如：What bad news (it is)!  多么糟糕的消息啊！What pleasant weather (it is)!  多么好的天气啊！ 温馨提示：做感叹句的练习时，可以先把主语和谓语找出来，除去主语和谓语，剩下的最后一个单词是名词考虑what引导，剩下的最后一个是形容词或者副词，考虑用how引导。基础训练(限时10分钟  满分10分) 一、     单项选择。 (每小题1分，共5分)(    ) 1. _________high he jumps!      A. What         B. How     C. How a   D. What a(    ) 2. _________beautiful the flowers are!      A  How        B. What  C. What a       D. How a (    ) 3. _________ big dog it is!      A. What         B. How a    C. How    D. What a(    )4. ___________slowly the horse runs!      A. What       B. What a    C. How         D. How a (    ) 5. __________fast!      A. How        B. What      C. What a   D. How a 二、用how 或 what 引导感叹句。(每小题1分，共5分) 1.__________ a good girl!                2. __________slowly the rabbits run!3.__________ delicious the egg is!         4.__________ an interesting film!5.__________ pleasant weather it is!    综合巩固提升(限时15分钟  满分25分) 一、句型转换(每小题2分，共10分) 1. The children like games. (改为一般疑问句)_______ the children _______ games?2. My father is a doctor. (就画线部分提问)_______ _______ your father ?3. I am eleven years old. (改为特殊疑问句)_______ _______ are you?4. Jim goes to school by bike. (改为特殊疑问句)_______ _______ Jim _______ to school?5. Mrs. White is watching TV.(对划线部分提问)  
__________________________________________________二、翻译句子。(每小题2分，共8分)1. 我的爸爸每天看报纸。_____________________________________________________________________2. 你经常走路去学校吗？_____________________________________________________________________3. 下次别迟到。 _____________________________________________________________________4. 好漂亮的一个女孩子啊!_____________________________________________________________________三、 单项选择题。 (每小题1分， 满分5分) (    )­­­ 1. __________ me go. It's very important for me.  A. Let            B. To let         C. Letting         (    )­­­ 2. __________ in the street. It's dangerous.  A. Not play        B. Not to play    C. Don't play      (    ) 3. ________ fine day today! A. How a   B. What a       C. What         (    ) 4. _________ nice the dress is! A. What a     B. What      C. How   (     ) 5. Our country________ too many people.A. have            B. has         C. there is