考点01-名词-2022年小升初衔接英语训练营（通用版）

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考点一 名词【课程讲解】————小学初中课程概要————小学课程初中课程 小学英语中，要求能够区分可数名词和不可数名词。同时掌握可数名词的复数变化规则。初中英语中，除了掌握名词的复数变化规则以外，还要求掌握名词的所有格；名词的共同拥有和各自拥有表示方法。同时和some还有any使用时的区别。 【知识再现】————小学知识总结————1.概念：表示人、物品、地点、情感、抽象概念等名称的词。2.分类：普通名词：pen teacher专有名词：Beijing China可数名词：apple boy不可数名词：抽象名词advice 液体water 材料metal3.可数名词变复数规则变化：（1）一般情况直接加s（2）以s x sh ch结尾的单词加es（3）以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i加es（4）以f/fe结尾，变f/fe为ves4.可数名词变复数不规则变化：man woman child mouse policeman policewoman fish deer sheep————初中知识归纳————1.名词的定义：表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。2.可数名词与不可数名词1）可数名词：单数和复数a.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds；读音：清辅音后读，浊辅音和元音后读[z]。b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches；读音：[iz]c. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families,  strawberry-strawberries；读音：[z]d.以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况   有生命的+es, 读音：[z] mango-mangoes  tomato-tomatoes  potato-potatoes    无生命的+s, 读音：[z] photo-photos   e.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，读音：[z]，knife-knives, thief-thieves； 半片树叶半片黄，妻子拿刀去砍狼，架下小偷逃命忙。half,   leaf, wife,  knife, wolf， shelf,  thief,    life halves, leaves,  wives, knives, wolves, shelves, thieves, livesf.不规则名词复数：man--men, woman--women, mouse--mice, child--children, foot--feet, tooth-teeth,goose—geese  g.单复同形：fish-fish, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, sheep--sheep, deer--deerh.常用作复数形式：vegetables, clothes, sports, shorts, pants, trousers, jeans.i.集合名词：class, people 2）不可数名词液体类：water, tea, coffee, milk, yogurt, cola, juice, soup食物：food, bread, rice肉类：meat, beef, mutton, pork其他：paper, news, advice, fruit, homework, housework, work, food3）既可数又不可数的名词chicken, duck, fish，orange,3.复合名词的单复数：复合词通常由两个或者两个以上自由词组成.1）以两个名词构成的复合名词（不包括前面的名词为man和woman的）一般把后面的名词变为复数 paper bag → paper bags2）以man或者woman为前缀的名词变复数时，前后两个名词都变成复数。woman teacher：女教师→women teachers女教师们man doctor：男医生→men doctors男医生们4.名词所有格在英语中，要表示“某个（些）人的”时，可以在某个（些）人后加’s来表示所有关系，这种形式我们称为所有格。 Mike的父亲：Mike’s father  我妈妈的名字：my mother’s name1）构成a.单数名词加’sb.以s结尾的复数名词加’读音不变。如the teachers’ room(老师们的房间)c.表共同所有，在最后一个名词后加“s”Jim and Tom’s mother 吉姆和汤姆的母亲（共同所有）d.表各自所有，在每个名词后加“’s”Jim’s room and Tom’s room are big. 吉姆的房间和汤姆的房间都很大。（各自所有）Jim and Tom’s room is big.f.of表示所属关系my family photo = a photo of my family            a map of China 【典型例题】一、单选题1．—How many ________ can you see in the picture?—Two.A．dog B．child C．sheep2．—Where’s my hat?--It’s in your _______room.A．parent B．parents C．parents’3．—Do you like ________?—Yes, they’re my favorite food.A．milk B．pens C．carrots D．basketballs4．Is that your____?A．brothers B．school C．grandparents D．aunts5．Here are two ________ of my family.  Can you find where I am?A．photos B．clothes C．photoes D．pairs6．Here are two nice ________ of my family.A．picture B．photoes C．photos D．photo7．How many ____________ do you often buy in the market at weekends?A．juice B．apples C．milk D．fish8．—What are those?—They are_______.A．a knife B．knife C．knives D．knifes9．That tennis ball is one of ________.A．Jane father B．Jane’s father C．Jane father D．Jane’s father’s10．Some pencils are in the ______ bag.A．girl B．girl’s C．girls D．girls’s11．In Britain, please do not ask a ______ age.A．woman B．women C．woman’s D．women’s12． The new dress is ______.A．Lily’s mother B．Lily’s mother’sC．Lily mother D．Lily mother’s13．The silk scarf is not_______. _____ is in____ desk.A．Kitty， Her， hers B．Kitty's， She， herC．Kitty's， Hers，her D．Kitty， Hers， her14．—How many ______ are there in your classroom?—There are ten boys and thirteen girls.A．boy B．girl C．students D．student15．We have some ______ here and we can make ______ soup.A．egg; egg B．egg; eggsC．eggs; eggs D．eggs; egg 二、根据题目要求写出单词的适当形式。16．no（同音词）____________17．dictionary（复数）____________18．boxes（原形）____________19．he（宾格）____________20．who are（缩写形式）____________21．she（名词性物主代词）____________22．they（形容词性物主代词）____________23．lose（反义词）____________24．have（第三人称单数）____________25．grandparents（名词所有格）____________26．family________(复数)27．that __________ (复数)28．key _________(复数)29．box _________(复数)30．she __________(形容词性物主代词)31．his _________ (人称代词)32．sister________(对应词)33．is not___________(缩写)34．it________(复数)35．photo ________   (复数)36．have(单三形式)_______   37．hot(反义词)_____          _38．five(序数词)________     39．make(现在分词)______     40．tomato(复数)_______      41．they(形容词性物主代词)_________ 三、根据中文、单词首字母、或句意提示,请写出下列所缺单词。42．Kate, please w_______ your name and address on the card.43．---How does your mother go to work?---She w_______ there.44．Don’t l_______ to music in class.45．It’s twenty m ___       walk from here.46．Every morning I have a q_________ breakfast and go to school q_________.47．I usually go to school by bus but s ________on foot.48．Li Xiang e__________ every day, but he always hurts his feet.49．Please close(关) the door when you l________ the room.50．Now it is a q_________ to nine.51．Liu Huan and Han Hong are Chinese m___________.52．Our schoolbags are _______(重的). ____________53．I like the green _______(毛衣). ____________54．There are _______(五十) students in the room. ____________55．_______(欢迎) to our school. ____________56．There are five _______(电脑) in the room. ____________ 四、根据图片写出相应物品的英文单词。57．_____58．_____59．_______60．______61．______62．______ 五、用所给单词的正确形式填空63．___________（woman）Day is coming. How will you celebrate it？64．They are those___________（student）schoolbags65．How many tall ____________（build）are there in your town?66．Social workers share their ________ (skill) and help people with different problems.67．Mike is from America. He is an ________. (America)68．Too many ________ (rule) make Tom feel terrible.69．They are her _______ (parent). 六、用表格中所给的单词的正确形式完成句子 from          that        student         first          city 70．Hello, boys and girls, today we are going to learn the ________lesson.71．—How many ________are there in your class? —There are fifty.72．LeBron James is ________ America, he is good at playing basketball.73．Wenzhou is a beautiful ________ with many trees here and there.74．It’s time to introduce my family. This is my sister and ________ are my parents.  nine  radio  watch 75．There are some nice _________ on sale.76．Bob _________ basketball games on TV every Sunday morning.77．Today is Mary’s _________ birthday and parents give her a new bike.