考点11-时态二-2022年小升初衔接英语训练营（通用版）

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考点十一  时态（二）【课程讲解】————小学初中课程概要————小学课程初中课程 小学英语中，掌握现在进行时和一般过去时的基本结构。初中英语中，掌握现在进行时和一般过去时的基本结构和用法。 【知识再现】————小学知识总结————   现在进行时结构am   is    doingareI am reading ‘Sanzijing’.Xiao Pang is reading ‘Sanzijing’.Xiao Shou is reading ‘Sanzijing’.We are reading ‘Sanzijing’. 两大用法描述此刻正在进行的动作   标志词：now  right now  at the moment  look  listenLook! The snake is eating the crocodile.Tom is catching Jerry at the moment.  描述现阶段正在进行的动作 标志词：these days   this term   this weekI’m reading Harry Potter these days.We are learning science this term. 现在分词现在分词的变化规则  现在分词ing  变法有4般一般直接加   见e去e加重读辅元辅   双写尾字母ie结尾变为Y  再把ing加  一般过去时描述过去发生的事 肯定句、否定句、疑问句I was in a quiet street.I was not in a quiet street.Was I in a quiet street?  (Were you in a quiet street?) I had a dream last night.I didn’t have a dream last night.Did I have a dream last night? (Did you have a dream last night?) 动词过去式变化规则动词过去式，ed来结尾一般直接加，见e只加d  辅y结尾y变i，再加ed   重读辅元辅，双写尾字母  常见不规则动词过去式大全am, is→was are→were cut→cut hit→hitlet→let put→putcost→costhurt→hurt read→readfeel→feltmeet→met smell→smeltfind→found get→got have→had hold→held leave→leftmake→madesell→sold tell→told come→camebecome→becamerun→ranlearn→learned/learnt hear→heard win→won catch→caught teach→taught bring→brought buy→bought think→thought fly→flew throw→threwgrow→grewknow→knew eat→atefall→fellgive→gavetake→took see→saw write→wroteride→rodedrive→drovebuild→builtlend→lentsend→sentspend→spent lose→lost pay→paid say→said draw→drew show→showed speak→spoke break→brokesteal→stole wake→woke choose→chose forget→forgotsleep→slept keep→kept sweep→swept stand→stood understand→understood begin→began ring→rang sing→sangswim→swam drink→drank do→didgo→went sit→sat 时间标志词just now  this morning  in 2008  yesterday  …ago  last…  the day before yesterday  ————初中知识归纳————现在进行时1. 现在进行时的构成及其用法(1)概念：现在进行时表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，也可指目前一段时间内正在进行的动作。所谓“正在进行中”，是指在谈到这件事的时候，这个动作还在进行中。 (2)构成：现在进行时的构成是：主语＋ be＋v.-ing形式：第一人称单数I＋am＋v.-ing第一人称复数We＋are＋v.-ing第二人称单（复）数You＋are＋v.-ing第三人称单数He/She／it＋is＋v.-ing第三人称复数They＋are＋v.-ing (3)句型转换否定句：主语＋be(is/am/are)＋not＋现在分词。一般疑问句：Be(is/am／are)＋主语＋现在分词？特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋相应be动词＋主语＋现在分词＋其他？ [注意] 对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。 (4)动词现在分词的构成规律：① 直接加-ing。如：sleep→sleeping ② 去掉不发音的e再加-ing。如：write→writing ③ 中间只有一个元音字母，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加-ing。如：sit→sitting ④ 以ie结尾的重读闭音节，变ie为y再加-ing。如：die→dying  lie→lying (5)现在进行时的基本用法：① 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。A.当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。B.以look，listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。Listen! She is singing an English song.听！她正在唱一首英语歌。C.描述图片中人物的动作，也为了表达更生动，此时也常用现在进行时。Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图。那些孩子正在公园放风筝。② 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，说话时未必正在进行，且有this week，these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在制作飞机模型。③ 已经确定或安排好的将来活动。(进行时表将来时，动词go，come，leave等）I'm leaving for the USA next week.我下周要去美国。④ 通过上下文暗示。It's four o'clock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the playground.现在是下午4点。孩子们在操场上踢足球。Hurry up! We are all waiting for you.快点！我们大家都等着你。 一般过去时1. 一般过去时的定义①一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如 yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week，in 2015，three days ago，the other day，just now，at the moment，this morning，once upon a time，long long ago。—What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么？—I went swimming. 我去游泳了。②表示过去经常性或习惯性发生的动作。When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。2. 一般过去时的基本结构①实义动词肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他.I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。一般疑问句及其回答：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?      肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did.  否定回答：No, 主语 + didn’t / did not. —Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 你昨天去看电影了吗？—Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 是的，我去了。/ 不，我没去。特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？—Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了？—I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天去看电影了。② be 动词肯定句：主语 + was/were + 其他.I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。否定句：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他.I wasn’t at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。一般疑问句及其回答：Were/Was + 主语 + 其他?—Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗？—Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 是的，我在家。/ 不，我不在家。特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + were/was + 主语 + 其他?—Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪？—I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。学科*网3. 动词过去式的变化规则情况构成方法例词一般情况加-edwash→washed     help→helped以不发音的字母e结尾加-dhope→hoped       like→liked以辅音字母 + y结尾变y为i，再加-edcarry→carried     study→studied结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-edstop→stopped      plan→planned4. 一般过去时的用法（1）表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等连用。He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事?（2）在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。注意：表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to和would。He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟，但现在不抽了。Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难，他都会帮助我们。（3）表示主语过去的特征或性格。At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。（4）用在状语从句中表示过去将来。He said he would wait until they came back.（5）一般过去时有时可以表示现在，多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用，使语气更委婉。I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这里。注意：（1）表示一系列的动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用and连结。He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门，冲了出去，然后就消失了。（2）注意在语境中理解＂我刚才/原来还不……＂。—Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it. 请再说一次你的电话号码，好吗？我刚才没听清楚。—It’s 2566666. 是2566666。5. 一般过去时代替完成时（1）两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。When she saw the mouse, she screamed.My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.（2）两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。When I heard the news, I was very excited.（3）叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。 Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 【典型例题】一．单选题。1．—Where is Jack? I can’t find him.—He ________ in the park.A．run B．is running C．to run D．are running2．Be quiet! Someone ________ in the next room.A．sleeps B．sleep C．is sleeping D．are sleeping3．—Listen, who ________ next door?—Our music teacher, she practices every day.A．sang B．is singing C．sings D．doesn’t sing4．—Kate, where is your mother?—She ___________ in the kitchen at the moment.A．cook B．cooks C．is cooking D．are cooking5．David is ________ our classroom. Our classroom is always ________.A．cleaning；clean B．clean；cleaningC．cleans；clean D．cleaning；cleaning6．— ______ the girls ______ in the classroom now?— No, they aren’t.A．Do; dancing B．Are; dance C．Do; dance D．Are; dancing7．— Are you doing your homework?— No. I ________ TV with my family.A．watch B．am watching C．watches D．am watch8．— Michael is over there. He ________ on the computer. Would you like to play with him?— Sorry, I have no time.A．play B．are playing C．is playing D．plays9．Be quiet (安静), please. They ________ an English class now.A．have B．has C．are having D．is having10．— ________— She is eating oranges.A．What does Mary do in the classroom?B．Is Mary cleaning the classroom?C．What’s Mary doing?D．Does Mary play on the computer?11．Bill Cates ________ people in Seattle fight against COVID-19 last month.A．helps B．will help C．is helping D．helped12．It ________ yesterday. It was sunny.A．rains B．doesn’t rain C．rained D．didn’t rain13．Did you ________ a wish at your birthday party?A．make B．made C．take D．took14．Everyone ________ Kangkang a birthday card yesterday.A．gives B．gave C．giving D．give15．When I ________ young, I often ________ to the zoo to see animals.A．was; went B．were; went C．am; go D．am; went16．—What did Sally do yesterday?—She ________ some magic tricks.A．perform B．performed C．play D．plays17．Lily ________ like history before, but now she likes it very much.A．don’t B．doesn’t C．didn’t D．hasn't18．Wang Jun ________ an English song at the party last night.A．sings B．sing C．sang D．song19．I liked drawing when I ________ five.A．was B．am C．were D．are20．—________ Alice dance the disco two years ago?—No, she ________. But now she ________.A．Can; can’t; could B．Could; couldn’t; can C．Could; couldn’t; could D．Can; couldn’t; can 二．根据句意及所给单词，填写适当的单词及单词的适当形式。21．She ________ her head and said "no".22．—Was Mr Li your teacher?—No, he ________.23．Mary ________ in Shanghai last week.24．There ________ a car and two bikes in front of the house yesterday.25．There ________ some people in the park now, but there ________ not any yesterday.26．—Who ____ the first student to get to school this morning? —Tony.27．—____ you at home yesterday evening? —No, I ____.28．There ____  two football matches on TV yesterday.29．Mr. Zhao ____ a bus driver in 2011.30．The mother ________ the baby on the cheek(脸颊) and went out.31．It's__________ hard outside now. You'd better take an umbrella with you.32．It's__________. The sun is shining(照耀)brightly.33．It's ___________.Maybe it's going to rain.34．It's __________ today. The wind is blowing hard.35．It's____________now. The children are very happy because they can play with the snow.36．Look! The girls __________ (dance) in the gym. They ________ (dance) very ________ (good).37．Be quiet (安静). My sister __________ (do) her homework.38．It’s 12:00 now. They __________ (have) lunch at home.39．— Hi, Jack! Where is your father?— He __________ (watch) TV over there.40．The students ___________ (make) cards in the classroom now.41．Look! Tom and John ___________ (swim) in the swimming pool.42．Mr. Zhang __________(read) books in the library now.43．— Who is ________ (clean) the blackboard?— Lily is.44．It’s time for class. Tom ________ (sit) in the classroom and ________ (draw) pictures.45．Can you see Jack? He ________ (run) after Jim.46．There ________ (be) a lot of desks and chairs in the classroom.47．When he was young, he often ________ (play) basketball after school.48．Jenny ________ ________ (not watch) TV last night.49．Tom usually ________ (get) up at 6:00, but he ________ (get) up at 5: 00 this morning.50．Tom ________ (can) play ping-pong at all before.51．Jack ________ (can’t) swim one year ago.52．I ________ (write) a letter to Jim last week. I hope he ________ (reply) soon.53．Who ________ (carry) the box for you just now?54．My father ________ (call) my grandparents every day. They ________ (chat) on the phone for ten minutes an hour ago.55．You ________ (promise) to take our boy to Disneyland last year. Don’t let him down again.