考点12-完形填空-2022年小升初衔接英语训练营（通用版）

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考点十二 完形填空
【课程讲解】
————小学初中课程概要————
小学课程
初中课程
小学英语中，掌握完形填空的基本做题方法。
初中英语中，掌握完形填空的做题方法。

【知识再现】
————小学知识总结————
1．通读全文，领会大意
　 完形填空题不同于单项选择填空题。单项填空题所给的是一个或两个句子，根据本句或前后句就可以判定所选的答案。而完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文，所选的答案处在整段或整篇文章之中。所以在做题前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是绝不可省的一步。
　　每篇短文总有一定的主题思想，段落之间必然承上启下，前呼后应，句与句之间 也一定紧密相连，形成一个整体。因此通读全文是要一气呵成，不要中断思路，只要能了解短文的大意就可。某些细节不理解可以跳过。如果不影响答题，可以置之不理。切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句推敲上。如果与答题有关，可到第二步填空时再琢磨解决。另外，在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾，因为它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心议题。
完形填空实际上是一种障碍性阅读理解题。因此，在解题之前，先要把文章通读一遍，弄清文章的体裁，文章体裁通常分为四种：论述文、记叙文、说明文和应用文。中考选文以叙事性文章为主，如：幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热点问题等。读这类文章，要大体上了解故事所涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件及前因后果，对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。然后对留空的句子进行分析，看他在该句所处的位置和作用，再从所给的选项中找出要填写什么词。　。
2. 紧扣内容，分析对比备选答案
　 完形填空所用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以语句为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。分析时应注意以下几点：
　(1) 当遇到一个需要填的词时，首先要考虑这个词在句子中的成分是什么？词性是什么？
　(2) 如果需要填的是名词，就要考虑名词的单复数和所有格形式。
　(3) 如果需要填的是形容词或副词，就应考虑是用原级或是比较级，还是最高级。
(4) 如果需要填的是动词，则要考虑动词的时态，语态，人称变化，语气以及非谓语动词（不定式和动词-ing形式）的一般式，被动式和完成式等。
　(5) 如果需要填空的是介词，则要注意固定搭配的用法。
　(6) 如果需要填的是冠词，则要注意是用不定冠词还是用定冠词。
　(7) 另外要注意一些固定句型。
3. 瞻前顾后，全文贯通
　　短文中每个空白处的正确答案和气上下文在意思上和结构上都有这样或那样的必然联系。一般说来，所选答案只有和上下文和结构上都吻合的时候，才是正确答案。因此，必须注意上下的参照，连贯思考。如果答案一时确定不下来，切记不要耽误太久，可暂放一边，待其他答案选好之后，再回过头来仔细推敲。
　　试题所提供的短文可以说是一个整体，空白处所需要选的答案只是整体中的一部分。有时候，所选答案从局部看是可行的，但从整体看，不见的是最佳的答案。这时就要局部服从整体，从短文的整体内容出发，重新选择答案。对于那些拿不定主意或未能选答的空白，不要仅局限在与上下文的对照上，要把视野扩大到全文。有时一旦和整篇短文联系起来，就可豁然开朗，很容易选出正确答案。
4. 复查核对，决定取舍
　　全部题目作完以后，要仔细考查核对。填完空白后，重读全文，这也是解题过程中至关重要的一环。此时考生对文章已经有了一个相对完整的了解，对文章的理解也就更进了一步，也就摸清了文章内在发展的逻辑关系。而如果在此时再读一遍文章，就有可能会发现一些其他原来没有注意到的问题，也就能够根据对语篇的理解及内在的联系，反复推敲，比较异同，从而选择一个更符合文章意义的答案，其方法是:把短文连同所选答案细读一遍，凡读起来别扭或答案无确切把握的地方分别记下来，然后将每个空白处与其相对应的四个答案逐一对照，务求一一过关，避免遗漏。若发现原所选答案与复查时所选答案不同，不要急于涂改，待认真斟酌核实后，再决定取舍。

————初中知识归纳————
一、命题特点分析：
1. 开头点题。说明文类完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。
2. 结构清晰。说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。
3. 难度较大。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。
4. 说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。
5. 说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。
二、解题方法：
1. 快速弄清文章大意。
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2. 弄清楚说明的顺序。
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。[来源:学_科_网Z_X_X_K]
3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节。
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
4. 注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：
（1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。[来源:学。科。网]
（2）语法正确。从语法的角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。
（3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。
（4）符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。

【典型例题】
一、 完型填空
（一）
Many people love traveling by plane but it's my last choice (选择). As we all know, it always 1 longer time to reach an airport (机场) because it is always far from where people live. So if you want to take a plane, you need 2 to the airport very early. For example, if the plane leaves 3 9:00 a.m., maybe you have to get up before 6:00 a.m. Then, you have to wait for 4 for the plane before it takes off. On the plane, you can’t open the windows and you can't walk everywhere, 5 .
You don’t have such trouble if you take a train. Of course I know taking a train to travel may take 6 time. But it is still one of my favorite 7 when I want to travel. In my mind, 8 is safe to take a train. And if you are late for your train, you can catch 9 one. If you are 10 in the views along the way, the train is a better choice. And sometimes you can also open the window.
1．A．take B．takes C．spend D．spends
2．A．getting B．to get C．arriving D．to arrive
3．A．at B．in C．on D．for
4．A．hours B．days C．hours’ D．days’
5．A．also B．too C．as well D．either
6．A．too many B．so many C．too much D．much too
7．A．ways B．way C．time D．times
8．A．that B．this C．one D．it
9．A．other B．the other C．another D．others
10．A．relaxed B．relaxing C．interested D．interesting

（二）
When things are different, will you be different, too?
One day, Jack stops to have a rest when taking a trip. He stands by his car on the road and watches two men working along the 11 .
One man digs a hole (挖坑) and then 12 on. The other man comes along 13 him. When one is digging a new hole, the other fills (填) in the 14 one at once. Jack is so surprised. He goes down the road to 15 what the two men are doing. “One of you is digging a hole and the other is filling it in. What are you doing? I think you are doing 16 .” Jack says to the men. “I can’t understand this. Can you tell me 17 ?”
“You don’t understand, sir,” one of them says. “Usually there are 18 of us—Tom, Mike and me. We work together to plant trees. Every time I dig a hole, Tom puts in a 19 and Mike puts the soil (土) back.”
“Yeah,” Mike says loudly. “Although Tom is ill and not here now, that doesn’t mean (意味) we can’t 20 . We two still do the same things as before.”
After hearing their words, Jack says to them with a smile, “When things are different, you should be different, too. If not, you can’t plant any trees!”
11．A．park B．road C．farm D．river
12．A．sits B．walks C．goes D．leaves
13．A．before B．by C．in D．behind
14．A．old B．big C．small D．deep
15．A．sing B．look C．see D．meet
16．A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything
17．A．when B．where C．how D．why
18．A．one B．two C．three D．four
19．A．gift B．tree C．flower D．hole
20．A．walk B．play C．work D．run

（三）
Boys and girls like to have nice bedrooms. Usually, parents like to paint their kids’ bedrooms with 21 favourite colors. Different colors can make kids 22 different.
Mike’s parents paint his bedroom 23 , because they think it is 24 for kids to fall asleep in a blue bedroom. Kate’s parents paint her bedroom pink. Kate feels 25 in her bedroom because that is her favorite color. Most girls like pink, 26 most boys don’t. Oscar’s bedroom is green, because his parents think this color is good for his 27 , and it can cheer up Oscar when he 28 in the morning. However, parents and their kids don’t 29 have the same idea. For example, some parents think red is a good color, but a lot of small kids may 30 when they are in a red bedroom.
What color do you like? And what color is your bedroom?
21．A．our B．his C．her D．their
22．A．look B．sound C．feel D．smell
23．A．red B．pink C．green D．blue
24．A．easy B．hard C．bad D．fun
25．A．sad B．happy C．angry D．worried
26．A．so B．and C．all D．but
27．A．feet B．ears C．eyes D．hands
28．A．gets up B．has lessons C．watches TV D．goes home
29．A．never B．always C．seldom D．sometimes
30．A．cry B．talk C．smile D．laugh

（四）
Hello, it’s nice to meet you. My name is Susan. I come 31 Australia. I live in Beijing with my parents now. It’s big and beautiful. There are lots of people everywhere, so it’s usually 32 . But I like living here. It’s easy to get to any place in Beijing. You can take a bus, take the subway 33 drive a car.
I can 34 a little Chinese. I can 35 read and write a little Chinese. I think it’s difficult to learn Chinese. But I have to learn it well. So I 36 listen to the teacher carefully in class. I 37 Chinese books after school. Sometimes, my Chinese friends teach me at home. Chinese teachers are usually 38 . I’m a little afraid of them. And we have many rules at school. Chinese students don’t mind (介意) them. I know I must 39 them too, but they are really terrible.
I have a pen friend. Her name is Liu Qian. She is Chinese, but she lives in Shanghai. I often write to her in Chinese, and she writes to 40 in English. Isn’t it fun?
31．A．in B．with C．from D．to
32．A．great B．noisy C．quiet D．dirty
33．A．or B．but C．so D．and
34．A．say B．tell C．speak D．talk
35．A．too B．also C．then D．either
36．A．sometimes B．always C．never D．only
37．A．draw B．listen C．read D．show
38．A．strict B．cute C．smart D．friendly
39．A．follow B．fight C．kill D．cut
40．A．him B．her C．me D．you

（五）
Almost all the people can’t tell the right direction(方向) when they get to a new place. What should you prepare 41 you go? I think you should take a 42 with you if you travel to a big city. It will give you some 43 your are lost. When you are traveling in a new place, you should 44 the famous buildings near the hotel where you stay, such as banks, cinemas, shops and so on. When you are lost, you can ask others 45 to get to those famous places. If you 46 find the police, you can ask them for help. They are 47 and they can tell you how to get somewhere clearly. When you are lost and 48 can help you around, you can take a taxi. The taxi driver will take you to any place that you want to reach, and all the drivers know the city very 49 . If you are lost in the open air, don’t 50 . Watch the sun. Remember the sun moves from the east to the west.
41．A．after B．until C．then D．before
42．A．camp B．map C．blanket D．book
43．A．money B．help C．tickets D．people
44．A．get B．reach C．remember D．share
45．A．when B．why C．how D．what
46．A．can B．must C．would D．shall
47．A．busy B．rude C．friendly D．lucky
48．A．somebody B．everybody C．nobody D．anybody
49．A．badly B．quickly C．fast D．well
50．A．protect B．hunt C．worry D．touch

（六）
Uncle Sam and Aunt Kate came to visit us from America last weekend. This was 51 first time to come to Hong Kong. Yesterday my family showed them around Hong Kong.
We got up early in the morning and had breakfast at home. First, we went to the tram (有轨电车) station and 52 a tram. This was Uncle Sam and Aunt Kate’s first 53 on a tram. They thought that it was 54 and they liked the “Ding! Ding!” sound. We got 55 the tram at Central. Then we took a boat to Tsim Sha Tsui (尖沙嘴). On the way, Uncle Sam took a video of many buildings. The wind blew softly on our faces. We 56 a lot.
After having a rest, we went to a restaurant for 57 . It was famous for nice food. We 58 a lot of food. I liked pork pies best 59 I ate three. Aunt Kate liked rice dumplings most. After lunch, we went to the Avenue of Stars (星光大道). Uncle Sam and Aunt Kate were very 60 when they saw the signatures (签名) and handprints of some famous stars. But it was just a little fun to me.
In all, we had a good time that day.
51．A．our B．his C．her D．their
52．A．watched B．painted C．took D．bought
53．A．drive B．ride C．aim D．report
54．A．interesting B．boring C．tiring D．surprising
55．A．in B．off C．on D．out
56．A．flew B．hurried C．relaxed D．worried
57．A．snacks B．breakfast C．supper D．lunch
58．A．brought B．ordered C．made D．showed
59．A．as B．or C．and D．but
60．A．nervous B．strange C．silent D．excited

（七）
Sally is a 9-year-old girl. She likes 61 very much. She thinks they are people’s friends. Of all the animals, 62 are her favorite, and she goes to the zoo to see them every month. One Sunday afternoon, Sally goes to the zoo with her parents by bus. When they 63 there, she runs to the pandas’ house quickly. There are 64 pandas at the zoo. They are Tuantuan and Yuanyuan. She is 65 to see them every time. But when Sally gets to the pandas’ house, she 66 lots of people talking in front of the house. And it’s kind of 67 . “ What happened (发生) to the pandas?” Sally asks anxiously (焦急地). “Oh! Don’t worry, little girl. The pandas are 68 ,” an old woman answers. Then Sally looks into the house.
Tuantuan and Yuanyuan are in the house. They are playing with a ball. And she 69 finds another (另一只) panda in it.
“Who is he?” she asks.
“He’s Xixi. He 70 another zoo,” a man in the uniform says. “Next year, you may see a small panda here.”
“A small panda! I like that,” Sally says happily.
61．A．sports B．friends C．rules D．animals
62．A．pandas B．tigers C．giraffes D．elephants
63．A．leave B．take C．arrive D．bring
64．A．two B．three C．four D．five
65．A．busy B．shy C．free D．happy
66．A．reads B．looks C．finds D．listens
67．A．quiet B．noisy C．funny D．boring
68．A．friendly B．scary C．fine D．terrible
69．A．too B．also C．either D．only
70．A．thinks of B．comes from C．comes true D．learns from

（八）
Hello, everyone! Welcome to Class 2. I’m your English teacher. Now let 71 tell you our class 72 . First, you can’t be 73 class. You must arrive 74 time. Second, you must bring your textbooks and notebooks to every lesson. Third, you must 75 English during (在……期间) the pair work activities. If it’s 76 for you, you can ask me 77 help. Fourth, you must use green pens to correct (改正) your exercises. You mustn’t use red 78 . Fifth, if you have any 79 , you must put up your hands. You can’t talk or stand up without permission (未经允许). These are all the rules. They are good for you, 80 you must follow them. I hope we can have a good time every day.
71．A．her B．me C．them D．us
72．A．time B．homework C．stories D．rules
73．A．late for B．good for C．good with D．busy with
74．A．of B．at C．for D．on
75．A．tell B．say C．speak D．talk
76．A．easy B．short C．long D．difficult
77．A．about B．for C．from D．of
78．A．pens B．rulers C．erasers D．books
79．A．exercises B．questions C．dreams D．habits
80．A．but B．after C．so D．or