译林版英语八年级上册完形填空知识梳理练习题

这是一份译林版英语八年级上册完形填空知识梳理练习题，共12页。
【知识梳理】
知识点1：完形填空的概述和基本要求
初中完形填空是一种测试考生综合运用英语语言知识能力的一种题型，在中考英语中所占比重非常大。所占地位比较重要。它集阅读理解能力与语言应用能力考查于一体，考查考生在阅读理解基础上，在一定语言情景下灵活运用词汇的能力。
它首先要求考生具备较强的阅读能力，具备能根据短文所给线索，捕捉相关信息，进行分析判断、逻辑推理的能力，它还要求考生能熟练运用所学词汇、语法、习惯用语及交际用语等语言知识进行填词，考查了使用语言的准确性。
知识点2：解题技巧
1、快读全文，整体理解全文大意
在不看选项的情况下，快速阅读整篇文章，了解全文大意。考生要认真理解重点句子的意思，了解文章背景，理清文章内容线索。在快速阅读过程中，不要急于动笔选答案，要一口气读到底。遇到不懂的地方跳过去，继续往下读，以求纵观上下文，获得对文章内容的整体理解，从而确定解题的基本思路，切忌看一空选一题。
2、细读短文，选择答案，上下文联系，通篇考虑
在通读全文、了解短文大意的基础上，联系上下文，运用逻辑思维进行比较、判断，选出既符合词义、句义，又能上下文连贯，合乎情理的准确答案。往往有这种情况：一处空白，从单句来说，四个选项都符合该句的句型结构和语法要求，这就要求考生联系上下文，按照文章线索，找出文章中与选项有关的信息词，选出符合上下文语境需要的最佳选项。上下文的内容联系和逻辑关系是做好完形填空的关键。
3、避开疑点，先易后难
在做题时，应从易到难，先选出确定的、直接的、明确的答案。如遇到少数确实不会的题，切忌徘徊不前，这会严重影响答题速度。可以先跳过去继续往下做，很可能从下文中找到此题的有关暗示或信息。
4、从句子分析和语篇分析两方面着手。
对句子分析可解决大部分问题，主要是从固定搭配、词语辨析、语法要求等角度分析，这要求学生应有扎实的语法和词汇基础及良好的语感。语篇分析是对于和整个语篇或上下文相关的问题而言。从局部或句子的角度看多个答案都可选，但是从全文角度看却只能选一个。这种题就要求在整体把握的基础上对句子内部成分进行分析。
有些题不要钻牛角尖，用正常的思维去考虑，不要把问题搞得太复杂。
6、选项填完后，一定要再读全文，从整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否和谐一致、前后照应，上下文衔接。
知识点3：解题步骤
一般地说，解答完形填空题应遵循以下四个步骤：
(1)快速通读全文，抓主旨脉络，特别注意首尾句。文章都有中心议题和中心内容，快速通读全文，才能全局在胸，理清思路；抓住主线，才能使思维朝着正确的方向发展。在阅读中要特别注意提示句，尽量记忆关键词、句，力求把文章内容串联起来并在脑海中形成一个完整的图像。
(2) 弄清主旨脉络以后，要逐句精读、逐句分析，用平时积累的英语语法和语言知识，根据文中语义、惯用搭配、文中前后逻辑以及常识进行客观推测，务必克服平时的思维定式。在选择答案的过程中，要先易后难；对少数难题，可暂定答案，在复读全文后再加以分析推敲。
(3) 瞻前顾后，寻觅启示信息。启示信息有以下几个方面：首句提供的信息；通读全文获得的信息；已经补充完整句子提供的信息；后文提供的信息；平时积累的常识和背景知识提供的信息。对上述信息，要全面考虑，寻找启示，做出选择。
(4)复读全文，力求从旁观者的角度清醒地重新审视文章，从整体角度核校答案，进一步加深对文章的理解。要根据文章的中心思想与各段落之间、前后句之间的内在逻辑关系，检查文章的整体性；也可以从语法、词义、惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和修改答案。
知识点4：完形填空的常见考点
完形填空主要考查实词，包括动词、名词、形容词和副词，虚词考查为辅。
归纳起来主要包括以下几个方面的内容。
常考词汇辨析
Chinese is als difficult fr me，but we shuldn’t .
A. give up B. turn dwn C. g ver
【解析】首先确认but这个关键词，在句中是个转折关系的语篇标志语。再根据短语辨析，A项表示放弃；B项表示拒绝；C项表示复习。
【答案】A
固定搭配
The Thais_______ t eat with their hands and nw there are still sme peple wh eat this way.
A. went B. had C. wanted D. used
【答案】D
句意关系
When they were ready t take her away, they were surprised t find that a baby in her arm was 1 alive. The baby was sleeping and 2 hurt at all.
1. A. still B. ften C. never D. nt
2. A. is B. isn't C. was D. wasn’t
【答案】A D
知识点5：常用的解题方法
做完形填空题的通常方法有：
1）词语搭配法：即根据词语的搭配习惯来选择正确的答案。同学们平时一定要注意掌握一些常用词汇的基本及其有关的搭配。
2）语法判断法：即通过语法分析来判断正确答案，比如被选项若为是名词，则应根据填空句的上下文确定该名词的单复数以及是否用所有格等；若被选项为动词，则应考虑其时态、语态、搭配以及非谓语形式等。
3) 语境分析法：即根据上下文的具体语境，利用所学过知识和平时所积累的经验，选出最符合题意的选项。
4) 对比排除法：有时对于一些难题，可试着将各个选项逐一填入空白处，然后进行综合比较，排除不适合的，选出最恰当的。
5)把握关键词：短文中句与句、段与段之间往往有表达其内在联系的短语和逻辑关系词，如连接词、代词、插入语、转折词等，它们是提供语境的关键词，具有因果、让步、递进、转折、列举、承上启下的特殊功能。如表示并列关系的词有：and, r等；表示转折关系的有：but, while, hwever等；表示因果关系的有：because, s, as, since, because f等；表示条件关系的有：if, whether等；表示顺序关系的有：first, secnd, finally, then, next等；表示时间关系的有nw, later, befre, after, when, yet等。在答题时，若能“慧眼识词”，就能迅速理清文章脉络，抓准主旨大意。
知识点6：注意事项
1.完形填空的短文通常没有标题且文章的首句和尾句，一般不设空，要特别注重对首、尾句的理解，因为它们往往提示或点明文章的主题，对理解全文有较大帮助。
2.第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容，弄不清头绪，这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理，应稳定情绪，再将短文读一、二遍，直到明确大意为止。
3.做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案，这样往往只见树木不见树林。由于缺乏全局观念，极易导致连续选错。因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空，其空白处是位于一篇文章之中，因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。
4.每篇完形填空所设的空多以实词为主，所提供的四个备选项中只有一个是正确的，其它三项均为干扰项。而干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配，即如单从语法角度判断则无法确定，还必须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。
5.动笔时先易后难，先完成容易、有把握的答案，这样可以增强自信心，然后再集中精力解决难点。对于实在无法确定的，可以从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。
【例题精讲】
例1.
When I was in middle schl, I gt mad at my parents because they wuld never give anything t the hmeless.
I still remember n a family vacatin in Washingtn D.C., there was a __1___ man dwn the street. My family __2___ with ur eyes at ur feet. On ur final day in the city, when my ___3__ went fr an evening walk, I went ut f ur htel rm __4___and ran dwn the street t the hmeless man.
He lked at me with curisity, surely nt expecting anything frm a middle schl girl. I asked him what he wuld have fr __5___. He replied he wuld have hamburgers.
I ran int the supermarket dwn the blck and __6___five hamburgers, three bags f chips, ne chclate bar, my favrite candy, and a bttle f water. I ran back with a smile n my face and __7___ the bags t him. He als smiled at me. His __8__has been in my mind ever since.
I ran back t the ___9__as sn as pssible. When my parents ___10__, my dad tld me he had a __11___ fr me. He asked me if I ___12__the hmeless man dwn the street frm ur htel and I nervusly ndded. He then tld me a stry f hw as they were returning frm their walk the hmeless man was__13__grcery bags full f fd with ther hmeless peple arund and they were all smiling and laughing as they ate. I smiled at my dad but never t this day have I tld him the__14___stry f that hmeless man.
I still haven’t frgtten that man’s smile, but I wish I had the _15____t d this mre ften. One small fearless act by a middle schl girl can begin a ripple effect(连锁反应)f smiles. S please share a smiles and give sme dignity t the hmeless.
1.A. friendly B. hmeless C. generus D. thankful
2.A. sat dwn B.walked past C. turned up D. jined in
3.A. classmates B. brthers C. students D. parents
4.A. secretly B. surely C. hpefully D. luckily
5.A. pleasure B. service C. dinner D. gift
6.A. bught B.cked C. brrwed D. stle
7.A. Lent B. sld C. psted D. handed
8.A. Humr B. srrw C. anger D. smile
9.A. Htel B. church C. schl D. twn
10.A. Left B. discvered C. returned D. arrived
11.A. Present B. stry C. reward D. bk
12.A. Missed B. hated C. admired D. remembered
13.A. Cllecting B. accepting C. sharing D. heating
14.A. Mving B. familiar C. sad D. true
15.A. Cnfidence B. curage C. determinatin D. wisdm
【参考答案】
1. B根据下文频繁出现，可知是无家可归的人
2.B walk past经过，sit dwn坐下，turn up出现，jin in参加
3. D 有上下文可以知道是父母一起外出了
4.A 悄悄地，因为不想让人知道，后文父母也并不知道
5.C 晚饭吃什么，A.乐趣 B服务 D礼物均不符合
6.A 我买了一些食物给这个无家可归的人，根据上文fr dinner可知是去买食物
7.D hand递给某人，我递给那个男人食物
8.A smile微笑，他的微笑深深印在我的脑海，由文章最后一句话可知
9. A 因为我们住在旅馆，所以也是返回旅馆
10. C当我父母返回旅馆的时候，离开，发现，到达均不符合
11. B 根据后文出现的a stry f可知是stry
12.D 还记得那个无家可归的男人嘛
13. C share with和某人分享某物
14. D这个真实的故事，感人的，熟悉的，忧伤的都不符合
15. B给我勇气帮助更多的人
【课堂练习】
1.
Jane had tw children t raise. She had t pay fr the husing and __1_____clthes. She had a lt f bills. She wrked in a __2____every day and gt $600 a week. Even when she was ____3___, she went t wrk.
Jane wrked hard and did a great jb. She depended n tips (小费) t help her get enugh mney t pay the bills.
One night, after Jane had served dinner t a family, __4_____left a big tip n the table. It was
____5___. Jane was taking care f anther family at their table. When she turned back, she fund the mney had been ___6___.
Jane saw a wman at anther table staring at her when she ___7____ the restaurant. Jane went t ask her what fd she wanted. She __8_____just a sandwich. She did nt leave a tip after eating and Jane heard that she paid with a $20 bill. Jane was sure the wman had stlen her ___9____, but she culdn’t prve (证明) it.
The next night, the ___10____wman came int the restaurant. She gave Jane $50. She said, “I was s srry I tk yur mney last ____11___. I had a bad day. Smene stle my wallet. S I was angry. S I tk yur mney. ____12___that was nt right. Peple shuld __13_____gd things. Nt bad things. S I want yu t take the mney.”
“I’ll take the $20 but yu keep the ___14____. I knw yu need it,” said Jane.
“Yu shuld have called the plice,” the manager said t Jane.
Jane said, “N. We shuld frgive (原谅) when smene says ___15____and wants t make it right. We shuld try t help each ther.”

1. A．buyB．designC．makeD．wash
2. A．bkstreB．hspitalC．restaurantD．schl
3.A．angryB．afraidC．happyD．tired
4.A．heB．sheC．weD．they
5.A．$20B．$30C．$40D．$50
6.A．handed inB．taken awayC．given backD．thrwn ut
7.A．lked atB．lked arundC．lked afterD．lked fr
8.A．rderedB．madeC．sldD．served
9.A．bkB．mneyC．dinnerD．wallet
10.A．ldB．beautifulC．sameD．strange
11.A．nightB．weekC．mnthD．year
12.A．AndB．ButC．SD．Or
13.A．acceptB．brrwC．ckD．share
14.A．mneyB．prmisesC．restD．wrds
15.A．hellB．thanksC．gdbyeD．Srry
答案：ACDDA BBABC ABDCD
2
At a day care centre in Texas, Jessica McClure was playing utside. Jessica’s mther was watching her. Suddenly Jessica__1__ and disappeared. Jessica’s mther cried and ran t her.
The well in the yard was nly eight inches acrss, and a rck always cvered it. But children had mved the rck. __2__ Jessica fell, she fell right int the well.
Jessica’s mther ran t a phne and called 911 fr __3__. Men frm the fire department arrived. They __4__that Jessica was abut 20 feet dwn in the well. Then they tld Jessica’s parents their__5__. “We can’t g dwn int the well” they said,“ It’s s small. S we are ging t dig a hle __6__ well. We’ll dig dwn abut 20 feet. Then we’ll dig a tunnel(通道) acrss t Jessica. When we reach her, we’ll bring her thrugh the tunnel. Then we’ll bring her up thrugh the __7__.”
All ver the wrld peple waited fr news f Jessica. They read abut her in newspapers and watched her rescue (营救) n TV. Everyne __8__ the little girl in the well.
Tw days later, at 8:00 p.m. n Friday, the men finally reached Jessica and brught her up frm the well. Then dctrs rushed her t the hspital. A dctr said, “Jessica is lucky because she is s __9__ that she’s nt ging t remember this very well.”
Maybe Jessica will nt remember her days in the well. But her parents, her rescuers, and many ther peple arund the wrld will nt frget__10__.
1. A. fell B. slept C. stpped D. rse
2. A. Because B. Althugh C. If D. When
3. A. advice B. mney C. help D. infrmatin
4. A.searched B.fund C.hped D.agreed
5. A. dream B. study C. lessn D. plan
6. A. next t B. tgether with C. far frm D. inside
7. A. well B. tunnel C. hle D. yard
8. A. lked after B. wrried abut C. helped with D. stayed away frm
9. A. yung B. ppular C. clever D. pretty
10. A. it B. them C. him D. us
答案：ADCBD ACBAB
3
One summer evening as I was cking dinner, there was a knck at the dr. I _______ it and saw an ld man. But his vice was pleasant as he said, “Gd evening. I cme t see if yu have a _______ fr just ne night. I came fr a(n) _______ this mrning frm the eastern part. And there’s n bus till next mrning.” He tld me he’d been _______ fr a rm but with n success. “I guess it’s my face … I knw it lks terrible, but my dctr says with a few mre treatments…” he said. I tld him we wuld _______ him a bed, but t rest n the prch（走廊）. I went inside and prepared dinner. When we were _______ , I asked him if he wuld like t _______ us. “N, thank yu. I have plenty.”
When I had finished the dinner, I went ut t talk with _______ . It didn’t take a lng time t see that this ld man had an versized heart crwded int that tiny bdy. He tld me he fished fr a living t _______ his daughter, her five children, and her husband, wh was hpelessly disabled. At bedtime, we _______ a bed in the children’s rm fr him.
On his next trip, _______ a gift, he brught a big fish I had never seen. In the years he came t stay vernight with us, and there was _______ a time he did nt _______ us sme fish r vegetables frm his garden.
I knew ur family will always be _______ t have knwn him. Frm him we learned what it was t accept the _______ withut a cmplaint (抱怨) and the gd with thanks.
1.A. felt B. pened C. repaired D. painted
2.A. rm B. bk C. bus D. castle
3.A. interview B. meeting C. shw D. treatment
4.A. crying B. hunting C. studying D. chsing
5.A. ffer B. brrw C. send D. sell
6.A. happy B. free C. busy D. ready
7.A. call B. visit C. jin D. invite
8.A. her B. him C. them D. it
9.A. expect B. save C. supprt D. serve
10.A. put B. planted C. cvered D. discvered
11.A. at B. in C. fr D. as
12.A. always B. never C. ever D. even
13.A. bring B. water C. desert D. buy
14.A. beautiful B. thankful C. special D. silent
15.A. pr B. wunded C. ill D. bad
答案：BADBA DCBCA DBABD
4
Carl and Susan are very gd friends They are in the same _1_ at schl and they ften visit _2_ hme at weekends (周末). Nw they are _3_ eight years ld. Carl's mther has gt a new baby. Carl is very _14_ t have a little sister. S she is always talking abut her t Susan. At first she is very _5_ in the new baby because she desn't have any brthers r sisters. But _6_ sme time she begins t get tired f Carl's endless talking (喋喋不休地谈论) abut it. She als fells a little jealus (嫉妒) f her friend.
One mrning when the tw girls _7_ in the schl grund, Carl says t Susan, "D yu _8_, Sue, my baby sister has put n nearly half a pund in weight (体重增加了半磅) this week."
"That is nt very _9_." answers Susan. "I knw a baby and he puts n ten punds a day."
"Oh, that can't be _10_." answers Carl laughingly. "Whse baby is it " "An elephant's" says Susan.
1. A. grade B. table C. class D. grup
2. A. each ther's B. their C. theirs D. each ther
3. A. all B. tw C. bth D. either
4. A. angry B. srry C. surprised D. glad
5. A. interesting B. interested C. happy D. satisfied
6. A. befre B. fr C. after D. at
7. A. play B. meet C. weight D. walk
8. A. hear B. think C. find D. knw
9. A. much B. many C. few D. little
10. A. impssible B. wrng C. true D. sure
keys：
1,选C.从Carl和Susan每天在一起可推测她们同班.故C项class是正确选择.不同班的学生,即使在同年级也接触较少,故不选A.
2.选A.本句意为她们经常互相到对方家里去玩,由此可知,hme前应该是一个修饰语,B项人称错误,CD两项是名词性的,只有A项名词所有格可起形容词作用,修饰名词hme.
3.选C.这里是指两个人都八岁,bth是代词,指两个人,all指三者以上,either指单数,tw是数词,只有C项bth正确.
4.选D.从下面Carl经常对Susan谈起她的小妹妹来看,Carl得了小妹妹是很高兴的.因此可推断glad是正确答案.
5.选B.在所给的四个选项中,与介词连用的只有B项interested,其余三项无此用法,意思也不与上下文连贯,故应排除.
6.选C.这里是指过了一段时间,Susan对此事厌倦了,应该用after来表示,befre是反义词,fr也表示一段时间,但那是指谓语动词持续的时间,本句谓语是终止性动词,故不妥.
7.选B.本题是指两个女孩在操场上遇见,若用play或walk,应该用进行时态才对,C项明显不合题意.
8.选D.这里是Carl告诉Susan,所以说D yu knw…即"你知道吗 "这里用不着Susan思考或发现,故应排除BC两项,容易混淆的是hear后接宾语从句时作"听说"解,"听说"的是别人的事,自己家的事一般不会问别人是否听说,故A项也不正确.
9.选A.本句是对上句的回答,应选A项much意即"那不算多",CD两项意思相反,B项many要修饰可数名词,均应排除.
10.选C.这时对Susan所说话真实性的否定,由于本句是否定句,故选C项true,AB两项意思相反,D项sure的主语应该是人,均不合题意.