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    2022年九年级中考重点单词和词组解析4

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    2022年九年级中考重点单词和词组解析4

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    2022年中考九年级重点单词和词组解析before 和ago的用法区别两者均可表示在多久时间“以前”(要放在表示一段时间的词语之后),但有区别:ago 从现在向前回溯,即现在的过去,因此通常与一般过去时连用;而 before 则从过去向前回溯,即指过去的过去,因此通常与过去完成时连用(尤其用于宾语从句中)。如:I bought the computer two years ago. 我是两年前买这台电脑的。He said they had left five days before. 他说他们 5 天前就离开了。before 有时单独使用(即不连用具体时间),泛指一般意义的“以前”,此时可用于一般过去时,也可用于现在完成时:He didn't know that before. 他以前不知道此事。I have been there before. 我以前去过那儿。no one, nobody, none的用法区别no one, nobody 与 none这几个词都可以表示否定,但在用法有区别。1. no one和nobody的用法no one 和 nobody 用法相同,两者均只能指人,不能指物;用作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。如:No one [Nobody] was hurt in the car crash. 这次车祸没有人受伤。No one was allowed to leave their post. 任何人都不得离开岗位。No one [Nobody] can solve all these problems. 没人能解决娇有这些问题。按传统语法,两者之后均不能接 of 短语,尽管在现代英语中,尤其是在非正式文体中,有时也可后接 of 短语,但学生还是以不用为宜。2. none 的用法(1) none 既可指人也可指物,其后通常接 of 短语;用作主语时,若指不可数名词,谓语只能用单数,若指可数名词,则谓语可用单数(较正式)也可用复数(用于非正式文体,但更符合惯用法)。如:None of us knew him. 我们谁也不认识他。None of these soldiers is afraid of danger. 这些士兵们没有一个害怕危险。None of this cheese is any good. 这奶酪一点儿也不好。None of my friends is [are] interested. 我的朋友没有一个感兴趣。(2) none 往往暗示有一定的范围(这种范围通常就表现在其后的 of 短语上),而 no one 或 nobody 则不暗示这种范围。 体会下面的两组对话:A:Did any of your friends come to see you? 你的朋友当中有谁来看过你吗?B:None. 一个也没来。A:Did anyone come to see you? 有人来看过你吗?B:No one [Nobody]. 谁也没来。(3) none 有时暗示一种数量,即指数量上“一个也没有”,而 no one 或 nobody 则往往表示一种全面否定,即指“谁都没有”,所以在回答 how many 或 how much 的提问时,通常用 none,而在回答 who 的提问时,通常用 no one 或 nobody。体会:A:How many English books have you read? 你读过多少本英文书?B:None. 一本也没读。A:How much money did you give her? 你给了她多少钱?B:None. 一分也没给。A:Who went to see the film? 谁去看电影了?B:No one [Nobody]. 谁也没去。beat和win的用法区别1. beat后接表示人及人的群体名词或代词作宾语,常用于游戏或比赛中战胜某人或打败某人。如:Our class beat Class One in the table tennis match yesterday.2. win后接表示事物的名词或代词作宾语,在句子中通常与game,match,prize等词搭配,表示在某项活动或比赛中获胜。如:Who won the game?She won the first place in the competition.【一言辨异】Yesterday I beat my classmate at chess. He won only one set,while I won two sets.昨天下棋我赢了我同学。他只赢了一盘,而我赢了两盘。much too与too much的用法区别请看下面的句子:The problem is __________ difficult. You needn't spend __________ time on it.A. too much, much too B. much too, too muchC. too much, too much D. much too, much too此题应选B。此题主要涉及too much和much too的区别。如:1. much too是too的强势语,用法与too相同。如:You are much too kind to me. 你对我实在太好了。This one is much too big. 这个确实太大了。This kind of computer is much too expensive. 这种电脑太贵了。He is much too busy to see visitors. 他太忙,不能会见客人。The coat I bought yesterday was much too large. 我昨天买的那件衣服太大了。2. too much是much的强势语,用法与much相似。如。如:Don't eat too much. 别吃得太多。There's too much water. 水太多了。You have given me too much. 你已经给我太多了。Don't drink too much wine. It is harmful to yourhealth. 不要喝太多的酒,这对你的身体有害。3. 有时too much还用于这样的结构 be too much for, 意为“对……来说太难或太过分”、“非……力所能及”等。如:I'm afraid the trip was too much for her. 我怕她旅途太劳累了。His parents' expectation was too much for him. 他父母对他的期望太高了。mind 的用法与搭配1. 用作动词,表示“介意”“在乎”等,其后接动词时要用动名词。如:Would you mind opening the window? 请打开窗户好吗?She did not mind working late in the least. 她对工作到很晚一点也不在意。表示“注意”“当心”等,其后接动词时要用不定式。如:There will be a meeting tonight. Mind not to be late. 今晚有会议,注意别迟到。2. 用作名词,表示“脑子”“心思”等,通常用作可数名词。如:I've a good mind to go home. 我很想回家。He has a mind for science. 他有学科学的头脑。We are all of one mind on this subject. 在这个问题上我们大家意见一致。在某些谚语或固定短语中,可能是不可数的。如:Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见,心不烦。You must keep this in mind. 你必须记住这一点。3. 用于 Would [Do] you mind…?(1) 该句型意为“请你……好不好”“倘若……你见怪吗”,用would 比用 do 更客气委婉,但不用will;其后可接动名词(但不接不定式)或 if从句;接动名词时,根据情况可以带逻辑主语;接if 从句时,若句首用的是would, 从句谓语通常要用过去式。比较:我在这儿抽烟你介意吗?正:Would [Do] you mind my smoking here?正:Do you mind if I smoke here?正:Would you mind if I smoked here?(2) 对该句型的回答与汉语的习惯不同,注意回答是针对 mind 而言的,即:①表示不同意,可用:Yes, I do mind. / Please don't… / Better not, please. / I'd rather you didn't. / I'm sorry, but...等。②表示同意,可用:Oh, no, please. / No, not at all. / Not at all. / Certainly not. / Of course not. / No, go ahead. 等。以上回答大部分语气都比较客气,但有的语气较生硬(如 Yes, I do mind),要注意具体语境适当选用。4. 用于 make up one's mind,其意为“决定”“决心”。如:She refuses to make up her mind. 她拒绝做出决定。I think it's high time that she made up her mind. 我想她该拿定主意了。表示决定做某事,其后可接不定式。如:I've made up my mind to be a doctor. 我决心当医生。In the end he made up his mind to go by train. 最后他决定坐火车去。若其中的one's表复数意义,则mind通常也用复数。如:As we can't afford a bigger house we must make up our minds to staying here. 既然我们住不起大房子,我们就得安心住在这儿。mistake与mistaken用法区别一、mistake的用法1. 表示“错误”,通常为可数名词;表示犯错误,通常用动词 make;另外注意与介词常用搭配。如:You made a mistake about the time. 你弄错了时间。She made a mistake over the bill. 她把账算错了。Don’t make any mistake about me. 不要误解我的意思。用于by mistake, 意为“错误地”“弄错地”。如:The nurse gave me the wrong medicine by mistake. 护士给我吃错了药。I’m sorry, I opened one of your letters by mistake. 对不起,我错拆了你的一封信。2. 用作动词,表示“把……误认为是……”,一般用介词 for。如:She mistook a rope for a snake. 她把一条绳子误认为蛇。I had mistaken friendship for love. 我误把友情当成了爱情。 二、mistaken的用法1. 表示某人的误会、误解或弄错等,通常用作表语。如:It appears to me that you are all mistaken. 我看你们都错了。表示“在……方面弄错”,其后通常接介词about。如:He is mistaken about her. 他误会她了。He may have been mistaken about what he saw. 他可能看错了。有时后接in doing sth,表示“错误地……”。如:You are mistaken in thinking that they will help you. 你要是认为他们会帮助你,那你就错了。要加强语气,除可用very, very much, quite, seriously等修饰外,还可用sadly修饰。如:If you think I’m going to help, you’re sadly mistaken. 如果你认为我会帮忙,那你就完全错了。2. 表示错误的行为、想法或犯错误的人等,多用作定语。如:That’s a mistaken idea. 那是个错误的想法。A mistaken person should admit his error. 一个犯错误的人应该要承认错误。I helped him in the mistaken belief that he needed me. 我误以为他需要我所以去帮助他了。had better表示"最好"had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。had better do sthhad better not do sthIt is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.She'd better not play with the dog.had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果,意为“本来最好”。You had better have come earlier.a great deal of, a lot of, plenty of的区别a great deal of, a lot of, plenty of这三个短语都有许多的意思,具体有什么用法上的不同呢,今天我跟大家讲解一下。1、a great deal of...大量的...,许多...,后面接不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例句如下:A great deal of money was spent.花了大笔的钱。A great deal of water is needed.需要大量的水。2、a lot of...许多...,通常用于口语,后面接复数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数还是复数由后面接的名词形式决定。例句如下:A lot of students are leaving soon.很多学生即将离去。She seems to run into a lot of trouble at her job.她在工作上似乎遇到了许多麻烦。3、plenty of...大量的...,许多...,后面接复数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数还是复数视后接的名词形式而定。必须注意的是,plenty of前面不加a,plenty本身也不用复数形式。例句如下:There are plenty of girls dancing in the hall.许多姑娘在大厅里跳舞。There is plenty of sugar in the coffee.咖啡里放了不少糖。a couple, a pair的区别a couple, a pair这两个短语都可以表示“一双,一对”。其区别是:1、a couple指在一起或互有关系的两个人或物,但并不意味是同样的,也并不一定是合在一起的。a pair指由两个一样的东西组成的“一对,,一副,缺一不可”。例如:He bought a couple of tires for his bicycle. 他买了两个自行车轮胎。On the end of his nose was a pair of thick spectacles.他的鼻尖上架着一副厚厚的眼镜。2、a couple 和 a pair都可指“一对夫妻”,a pair 更强调“般配”。例如:They will make a pair.他两能结成一对。Not every couple is a pair.天下夫妇多,珠联壁合少。测试:用a couple 或a pair填空:1、I found_____socks in the room but they do not make_____.2、They bagged nothing except_____rabbits.答案:1.a couple of, a pair. 2.a couple ofa,an,one的区别a,an,one这组词都有“一”的意思。其区别是:1、不定冠词a用在以辅音开始的单数名词前;an用在以元音开始的单数名词前;one即可用在以元音开始的单数名词前,也可用在以辅音开始的单数名词前。例如:He'll be back in an hour.他一小时后就回来。He is a university student.她是名大学生。I have two coats but only one pair of trousers.我有两件上衣,但只有一条裤子。2、a/an作为冠词,主要强调事物所属类别;而one作为数词则强调数量“一”。例如:Have you a bike?你有自行车吗?( 不是别的东西)I have one English dictionary.我有一本英语词典.(不是两本)3、a/an偶尔可用在不可数名词前面,表示程度、数量或种类等意义;而one不可。例如:She was a great comfort to her father in his illness.父亲患病期间,她给他很大的安慰。Let's stop and take a rest.我们停下来歇会儿吧。4、one还可以用作为代词,复数形式是ones;而a只用作冠词,也没有复数形式。例如:I want some large ones,not small ones.我想要些大的,不是小的。测试:用a,an,one填空:1、"I think it was____UFO,_____Undentified Flying Object,"Robin announced.2、_____bad pupil may infect a whole class.答案:1.a,an 2.Onecook与cooker用法解析cook:[英][k[kʊk]k][美][k[kʊk]k] 第三人称单数:cooks过去分词:cooked现在进行时:cooking过去式:cookedvt.& vi.烹调; 编造; 篡改; 密谋;vt.烹调; 煮;vi.烹调; 做菜;n.厨师; 厨子;cooker:[英][ˈkʊkə(r)][美][ˈkʊkɚ]n.炊具; 锅; 炉灶; 造谣者;复数:cookers易混淆单词:Cookercook与cooker两者的区别,例句解析:cook是“厨师”吗?cooker是“厨师”吗?你知道cooker的用法吗?请看题:Her father works as a ______ in a hotel and her mother a ______ in a private company.A. cooker, typewriter B. cook, typistC. cooker, typist D. cook, typewriter【陷阱】误选A,许多同学想当然地认为:cook 用作动词,表示“煮饭”,所以 cooker 应是其相应的名词,表示“煮饭的人”,即“厨师”;type 用作动词,表示“打字”,所以 typewriter 应表示“打字员”。【分析】而事实是:cook=厨师,cooker=炊具;typist=打字员,typewriter=打字机。即此题正确答案为B。代词(that, it,one等的区别)代词one, it,that的用法在历届高考题中出现的频率较高,是高考的热点之一。笔者结合自己的教学实践在此谈谈它们的一些具体用法,希望能对同学们有一定的帮助。笼统地说,it指代的是同类同物,that指代的是同类异物,one指的是上下文中提到的同类事物中的一个。以下是具体的区别:1.one, it, that常常用来代替或避免重复某个名词。例如:①I'm looking for a flat. I'd really like one with a garden.②-Where did you find your watch? - I find it in our classroom.③The population of China is larger than that of any other country.2.one可指人或物,只替代单数可数名词,复数用ones. One是泛指,但有限定修饰语,如the, this, that…修饰就变成了特指。如:①One must do one's duty.②Mary has a red pencil and Jane has a blue one.③The new designs are much better than the old ones.3.that只指物,不指人,可替代可数名词或不可数名词,具有“特指”性质。指的是同类事物中的另一样东西,即同类异物。如:The library of our school is bigger than that of yours.(that代替的是另一个图书馆。)4.One 和that 在代替可数名词时,如果没有前置定语只有后置定语时,the one 和that可互换。但该名词如有前置定语,则只能用the one,而不能用that。简单的说,就是one相当于an/a+名词,that相当于the+名词。例如:①I will take the seat next to the one(=that)by the window.我就坐窗口的那个座位旁边。②I prefer the large box to the small one.(one 不可用that替换 )。5.That的复数形式those代替可数名词的复数。可指人或物,一般后面跟修饰语。如:①Today's cellphones are smaller than those(=the ones)used in the past.②The students who do best in exam are not always those(=the ones) with the best brains.6.the one(ones)或 that ,those 指代某一名词做定语从句的先行词时,其关系代词which在that之后,which不能省略,而在the one、ones 之后,which可省略。如:①Their problem today is somewhat similar to that which they faced many years ago.7.代替不可数名词时,应该用that。如:The equipment is different from that.8.it代替上文所提到的名词时,是指同类事物中的同一样东西,即同类事物。如:I have lost my pen. I'm looking for it.9.it和that可代替前面整个句子的意思,而one却不能;that可引导一个限定性定语从句,代替某个先行词(单复数名词均可),it和one则不能;it可代替不定式、动名词或从句,用作形式主语或形式宾语,也可用于强调句型中,而one和that则不能。each和every的区别:词性功能上的异同讲解each和every的区别:1. each既可用作形容词,又可用作代词,在句中可以作定语,主语、宾语、同位语、状语等。例如:1.Each student has his own dictionary . (形容词,定语)2.Each has his good point . (代词,主语)3.Our headteacher had a talk with each of us . (代词,宾语)4.The students each have a desk . (代词,同位语,不影响谓语动词的单复数)5.The children can have a bag each . (副词,状语)二. each与every都可用作形容词,在句中作定语,但each更强调个人或个别,every更强调全体或全部。比较:I know each member of your family .我认识你们家的每个成员。I know every member of your family .我认识你们家的每个成员。三. each指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”;every是指许多人或事物的“全体”,与all的意思相近。试译:这条街上每边都有很多商店。[误]There are many shops on every side of the street .[正]There are many shops on each side of the street .我给她父母每人一件礼物。[误]I gave a present to every one of her parents .[正]I gave a present to each of her parents .四. each 单独作主语或each、every修饰的单数名词作主语时,谓语动词为单数形式,但each of them作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数形式都可以。例如:Each / Each person / Every person is living a happy life now .人人都过着幸福生活。Each of them are / is wearing full dress .他们个个都身着盛装。五. every可以与not连用构成部分否定,意思是“并不/非人人”,而each则不可以与not连用。全部否定是no one ,意思是“个个都不”、“没有人”等。例如:Each / Everyone / Every one of them doesn't like the TV play . 并非人人都喜欢电视剧 部分否定No one likes the TV play . 完全否定六. each和every的区别: 表示“每隔……”、“每……”,要用“every+基数词+复数名词”。这种结构中的every不能用each替代。例如:They'll choose one out of every ten girls .We hand in our homework every three days .needn’t与mustn’t 的用法区别1. needn’t 的用法needn’t 的意思是“不必”“没有必要”。如:If you can lend me the money I needn’t go to the bank. 如果你能借给我钱,我就不必去银行了。I’m in no hurry. He needn’t send it by air. He can send it by sea. 我不着急。他不必用航空寄来。海运过来就行。2. mustn’t 的用法mustn’t的意思是“不可以”“不允许”。如:He has a weak heart and must not exercise too hard. 他心脏很弱,不能做强烈的运动。Our school has a rule that students must not eat or drink in class. 我们学校规定,学生不许在课上吃喝。请看看下面两组对比性句子:You mustn’t drive fast. There is a speed limit here. 你不能开快车,这地方有速度限制。You needn’t drive fast. We’ve plenty of time. 你不必开得快,我们有足够的时间。You mustn’t strike a match. This room is full of gas. 你不能划火柴,这屋里满是煤气。You needn’t strike a match. I can see well enough. 你不用划亮火柴,我可以看清。请看看下面的几道考题,你现在分得清该选mustn’t还是needn’t吗?1. It’s quite warm here; we ______ turn the heating on yet. A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t2. I _______ use a clock to wake me up because at six o’clock each morning the train comes by my house.A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t答案:1. C 2. D介词 in 与after的用法区别1. in 与after 均可表示“在……之后”,与一段时间连用时,after表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后,因此通常与过去时连用。如:After ten hours under sail, they reached dry land. 在航行10个小时后,他们上了岸。After many hours of wandering in the forest the lost hikers felt hopeless. 在森林里瞎走了好几个小时后,迷路的徒步旅行者绝望了。2. in 则表示从现在算起的一段时间以后,因此通常用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子。如:Dinner will be ready in ten minutes. 晚饭10分钟后准备好。I’ll meet you downstairs in ten minutes. 10分钟后我们楼下见。See you in half an hour or so. 大约半小时后见。The next programme starts in five minutes: in the meantime, here’s some music. 下一节目五分钟后开始,现在先播放些音乐。3. 注意,after除与一段时间连用外,还可与一点时间连用,此时不能用介词in。注意,这样用的after也可以用于将来时。如:I’ll come back after 4 o’clock. 我4点钟以后回来。He came back after 4 o’clock. 他是4点种以后回来的。Don’t stay out after 10 o’clock at night. 晚上10点以后不要在外面逗留。The town is completely dead after 11 o’clock at night. 这个镇在晚上 11 点过后就变得就变得死寂一片。4. 另外,after 可以与某些表示活动的名词连用,表示“在……之后”,而in不能这样用。如:She is in the habit of resting after lunch. 她有午饭后休息一下的习惯。Light refreshments will be served after the meeting. 会议之后有简单茶点招待。be angry about,be angry at和be angry with的用法区别be angry about,be angry at和be angry with1)be angry about指对某事生气,其后跟表示某事的名词或代词。如:He was angry about the noises in the next room.2)be angry at指对某人的言行生气。如:He was angry at her answer.3)be angry with指对某人生气,其后跟表示人的名词或代词。如:She is angry with me.be,become,get和turn的用法区别1. be表示“成为”时,多用于将来时、祈使句或不定式。如:I would like to be a bus-driver.My younger sister wants to be a movie star.2. become多指身份、职位等的变化,强调变化的过程已经完成,后面可接名词或形容词。如:Later the boy became an artist.Her mother became angry when she heard the news.3. get多用于口语,表示一种变化过程,强调的是“渐渐变得”,后常接形容词的比较级。如:It's getting darker and darker outside.In winter the days get shorter.4. turn指在颜色和性质等方面与以前的完全不同,强调变化的结果。如:Leaves turned brown in the mountains.arrive,reach和get to的用法区别1. arrive是不及物动词,其后不能直接跟表示地点的名词,与at或in连用后可以跟表示地点的名词;表示使用某种交通工具到达时常用arrive。如:Has the train arrived?They arrived at the village on a rainy night.注意:arrive at指到达较小的地方,如车站、机场、码头、学校、工厂、商店等。如:It was dark when I arrived at the airport.arrive in指到达较大的地方,如村庄、城镇、地区、国家等。如:When did you arrive in Beijing yesterday?2. reach是及物动词,正式用语,其后直接跟表示地点的名词。如:He reached Japan on October the second 2017.3. get to是短语动词,相当于及物动词,在口语中用用的多,使用的范围也很广,不管是步行还是乘车、乘船、乘飞机等到达目的地或中途暂停都可以用。如:Can you tell me how I can get to the airport?注意:当arrive,get to后跟副词home,here,there时,arrive后不再用at或in,get后不再用to。如:When the train arrived here,it was raining hard.When did you get home?agree with,agree to和agree on的用法区别1. agree with…指“同意某人或某人的意见、观点、决定、想法、安排、解释”等,其后可以是一个名词,也可以是what引起的从句。如:I don't agree with you.I don't agree with what you said.2. agree to…是指“同意某计划、建议、或建议”等;后跟动词原形,意为“同意干某事”。如:Who else will agree to this suggestion besides him?We agreed to start early.3. agree on…指在某方面取得一致的看法或意见。如:We agree on leaving for Beijing the next day.many、much的用法与区别Many,much都意为"许多"many + 可数名词,much + 不可数名词【例句】How many people are there at the meeting?How much time has we left?Many of the workers were at the meeting.Much of the time was spent on learning.不定式和分词作定语的用法比较一、不定式作定语不定式作定语通常要放在它所修饰的名词之后,表示一个将来的动作,即不定式的动作发生在谓语之后。多用来修饰have、there be、with之后的名词,表示“有……要……”或修饰“the+序数词”。如:I have several letters to write today. 我今天有好几封信要写。There's no need to worry at all. 完全没有必要发愁。She was the first person to arrive. 她是第一个到达的人。注意:被修饰的词是不定式动作发生的时间、地点、工具或对象时,要加上适当的介词。Please give me a piece of paper to write on. 请给张纸给我写字。二、分词作定语单个的分词放在所修饰的名词前,分词短语放在所修饰的名词后。被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系,现在分词表示正在发生或与谓语同时发生;被修饰的名词与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系,过去分词的动作发生在谓语之前或没有时间性。如:Please look at the falling leaves. 请看那正在飘落的树叶。Please look at the fallen leaves. 请看这些已经落下的树叶。The boy standing there is my brother. 站在那边的那个男孩是我的弟弟。The window broken yesterday has now been repaired. 昨天打破了的窗户已经修好。Mr Li is a teacher loved by students. 李先生是一位受学生尊敬的老师。说明:现在分词的完成式通常只作状语,而不能作定语。另外,有时也有个别的单个的过去分词放在名词后作定语。如:We've only got a little left. 我们只剩一点儿了。There is nothing missing. 没有丢东西。awake, wake, awaken, waken用法区别这几个词在使用时经常搞混,其区别大致可从以下几方面去看:1. 从词形变换来看:wake 和 awake 的过去式和过去分词可以是规则的(waked, waked 和 awaked, awaked),也可以是不规则的(woke, woken 和 awoke, awoken),但在现代英语中通常只用其不规则变换形式。2. 从是否及物来看:从理论上说,这四个动词都可用作及物或不及物动词;但从实际使用上看,wake 和 awake 多用作不及物动词,而 waken,awaken 多用作及物动词。3. 从是否连用副词 up 来看:wake 通常可与 up 连用,waken 可以与 up 连用,而 awake 和 awaken 则一般不与 up 连用。4. 从是否用于比喻义来看:awake 和 awaken 尽管可以用于本义表示“醒来”或“弄醒”,但更多是用于比喻义表示“认识到”、“意识到”等;wake (up) 通常用于本义,也可用于比喻义;但 waken 则主要用于本义,一般不用于比喻义。5.从词性上看:awake 除用作动词外,还可用作形容词(只用作表语,意为“醒着的”、“意识到”),而其余三个词通常用作动词,不能用作形容词。如:He is wide awake. 他还没有一点睡意。They aren’t awake to the difficulties. 他们没有意识到这些困难。注:形容词 awake 通常用 wide,fully 等修饰,一般不用 very 修饰。6. 从用词的通俗性来看:在这四个动词中,wake (up) 是最普通也是最不正式的一个词。如果只考虑其正确性而不考虑其普通性,有时一个意思可能有多种表达:He woke up [awoke, wakened, wakened up, awakened] when I entered. 当我进来时他醒了。The sound woke [wakened] him up. / The sound awoke [awakened] him. 这声音把他吵醒了。They haven’t yet woken up [awoken, awakened] to the seriousness of the situation. 他们还没意识到形势的严重性。when, while与as的用法区别1. 根据从句动作的持续性来区分若是“主短从长”型,即主句是一个短暂性的动作,而从句是一个持续性动作,此时三者都可用。如:As [When, While] she was waiting for the train, she became very impatient. 她在等火车时,变得很不耐烦。若是“主长从长”型,即主句和从句为两个同时进行的动作或存在的状态,且强调主句动作或状态延续到从句所指的整个时间,此时通常要用while。如:I always listen to the radio while I'm driving. 我总是一边开车一边听收音机。但是,若主句和从句所表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边……一边”之意时,则习惯上要用as。如:He swung his arms as he walked. 他走路时摆动着手臂。若是“主长从短”型,即主句是一个持续性动作,而从句是一个短暂性动作,此时可以用as或when,但不能用while。如:It was raining hard when [as] we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。2. 根据主句与从句动作是否同时发生来区分若主句与从句表示的是两个同时发生的短暂性动作,含有类似汉语“一……就”的意思,英语一般要用as (也可用when)。如:The ice cracked as [when] I stepped onto it. 我一踩冰就裂了。He jumped to his feet as the boss came in. 老板一进来他立刻站了起来。若主句与从句表示的是两个几乎同时发生的短暂性动作,含有类似汉语“刚要……就”“正要……却”的意思,英语一般要用as(也可用when),且此时通常连用副词just。如:Just as [when] the two men were leaving, a message arrived. 就在这两个人要离开的时候,突然有了消息。3. 根据是否具有伴随变化来区分若要表示主句动作伴随从句动作同时发展变化,有类似汉语“随着”的意思,英语习惯上要用as,而不用when或while。如:The room grew colder as the fire burnt down. 随着炉火逐渐减弱,房间越来越冷。As time goes by my memory seems to get worse. 随着时间的流逝,我的记忆力似乎越来越差。若不是引导从句,而是引出一个短语,则用with,不用as。如:With winter coming on, it's time to buy warm clothes. 随着冬天到来,该买暖和衣裳了。The shadows lengthened with the approach of sunset. 随着太阳下落,影子也逐渐伸长。4. 根据从句动作的规律性来区分若暗示一种规律性,表示“每当……的时候”,英语一般要用when。如:He smiles when you praise him. 你夸奖他时他总是笑笑。5. 根据主从句动作的先后顺序来区分若主句与从句所表示的动作不是同时发生,而是有先后顺序时,一般要用when。如:When he arrives he'll tell us all about the match. 等他到了,他会好好给我们讲讲那场比赛的情况。When she had finished she waited as though for a reply. 她讲完之后等了等,仿佛是在等候回答似的。travel,trip,journey的用法区别travel, trip, journey的用法区别三者均可表示“旅行”,区别如下:1. travel 泛指一般意义的旅行,是不可数名词。如:He is fond of travel (= travelling). 他喜欢旅行。Travel is much cheaper than it used to be. 现在旅行比过去便宜多了。注:有时可用复数形式,主要指时间较长的各处旅行,此时通常有物主代词修饰,但是尽管用了复数形式,却不能与 many 或数词连用。如:He's gone off on his travels again. 他又外出旅行了。另外,travel 通常只是泛指旅行,而不特指某次具体的旅行,所以通常不说:How was your travel?2. journey 通常指远距离的陆地旅行,并且不一定要返回到出发地(即通常指单程)。如:I wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你一路顺风。He made a journey to Beijing. 他去北京旅行了。注:journey 有时并不指真正意义的“旅行”,而只是表示走过一段距离。如:How long is your journey to work? 你上班要走多远?3. trip 通常指近距离的为了办事或消遣而进行旅行,并且往往要回到出发点(即指双程),不过有时 trip 也可指远距离的长途旅行,可与 journey 换用,比 journey 更通俗。如:A:Where is John? 约翰在哪里?B:He's on a trip to Shanghai. 他去上海旅行了。He'll make a round-the-world trip. 他将周游世界。because, since, as与for用法辨析1. because的用法because语气最强,表示直接原因,可用于回答 why 提出的问题、引导表语从句、用于强调句等,而其余三者均不行。如:A:Why didn't she come? 她为什么没来?B:Because she was very busy. 因为她很忙。It is because he is clever that I like him. 是因为他聪明我才喜欢他。2. since与as两者所表示的原因都是人们已知的,即对已知事实提供理由,而不是表示直接原因。since 比 as 语气稍强,且比 as 略为正式,它们引导的从句通常放在主句之前,有时也放在主句之后。如:As you weren't there, I left a message. 由于你不在那儿,我留了个口信。Since you've been here awhile, you might as well stay. 既然你已经来了一段时间,就不妨继续待下去。另外,since 可用于省略句,而其他三者不行。如:Since so, I have nothing to say. 既然如此,我无话可说。3. for的用法for是并列连词,而其余三者为从属连词。for有时可表示因果关系(通常要放在主句之后,且可与 because 换用);有时不表示因果关系,而是对前面分句内容的解释或推断(也要放在主句之后,但不能与because 换用)。比较:The ground is wet,for (=because) it rained last night. 地面是湿的,因为昨晚下过雨。It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚一定下过雨, 你看今天早上地面是湿的。 (此句不能用 because 代 for)fit,match,suit的区别①fit 与suit可指衣服“合适”或“适合”的意思。fit 指大小、尺寸合体,suit指颜色,花样或款式适合。如:The coat fits me well. 这件上衣我穿着很合身。The colour of the cloth suits a woman at my wife's age. 这布的颜色适合我妻子年龄的妇女穿。②match多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。如:The People's Great Hall and the Historical Museum match the Tian An Men beautifully. 人民大会堂和历史博物馆与天安门陪衬得极为优美。1. I can't go that far .Long plane trips don't ___ me.A. agree with B. agree toC. fit for D. match with2. He knows a lot about film .No one in our class can ___ him in that knowledge.A. catch B. suitC. compare D. match1-2解:AD.3. The shirt is two sizes ___ for me. Would you please show me another one?A. larger B. too largeC. more large D. very large解:B习惯用语问题。说明:英语中,表示“(衣帽等)太大或太小因而不合适”,须用 too large/small for sb. “对某人大几号为”“sizes too large for sb.”

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