2022年九年级中考英语重点单词和词组解析3

2022年九年级中考重点单词和词组解析answer 与 reply 的区别1. 两者均可表示“回答”，但 answer 属常用词，多用于一般性应答，而 reply 则较正式，多指经过考虑而作出答复。如：He answered my letter. 他给我回了信。(指他在信中说信已收到等)He replied to my letter. 他给我回了信。(指他在信中把我提出的问题都作出回答)若不细分，两者可换用。如：I was so nervous that I couldn't answer [reply]. 我紧张得没作回答。2. answer 可自由地用作及物或不及物动词，而 reply 除后接 that 从句或引出直接引语是及物动词外，一般只用作不及物动词。其后若接名词或代词作宾语，应借助介词 to。如：He replied that he had changed his mind. 他回答说他改变了主意。He didn't answer [reply to] my question. 他没有回答我的问题。比较下面两句：He did not know what to reply. 他不知道回答什么(即：用什么回答)。He did not know what to reply to. 他不知道回答什么问题(即：对什么作回答)。3. answer 除表示“回答”外，还可表示接听(电话)或对门铃等声响作出反应等(常与 telephone, door, bell, door-bell 等连用)。但 reply 不能这样用。如：Who answered the telephone? 谁接的电话?A little girl answered the door. 一个小女孩应声去开门。Nobody answered my call for help. 没有人理会我的呼救。4. 两者除用作动词外，都可用作名词。要表示“对……的回答(答复，答案)”等，其后均接介词 to (不用 of)。如：Have you had an answer to your letter? 你寄出的信有回音没有?I received no reply to my request. 我的要求没有收到任何答复。to与for表示目标和方向时有什么区别to 与 for 均可表示目标、目的地、方向等，此时也要根据不同动词分别对待。1. 在 come, go, walk, move, fly, ride, drive, march, return 等动词之后通常用介词 to 表示目标或目的地。如：We'd better go to the playground. 我们最好到运动场去。We do hope that you will come to the party. 我们真希望你能参加这个宴会。I walked to the corner and made a right turn. 我走到拐角处向右拐。They moved to New York to seek jobs. 他们搬到纽约找工作。I'm flying to America, but my car is being shipped. 我坐飞机去美国，但我的汽车要用船运去。I ride to school on my bike. 我骑自行车上学。He returned to England to find himself famous. 他回到英国，发现自己竟出了名。There are three principal routes by which one can drive to North Wales. 开车到北威尔士，有3条主要路线可走。2. 在 leave, start, set out, set off, sail, head 等动词之后，通常用介词 for 表示方向。如：What time do you start for work? 你几点钟去上班?He started for Paris last week. 上周他动身去巴黎了。He set out for home directly after the party. 晚会后他直接回家了。No ships were to sail for France. 没有开往法国。They equipped themselves with a pair of sharp axes and set off for the forest. 他们带上两把利斧朝森林走去。She was very emotional; she cried even when her husband left for another city on business. 她很易动感情，她丈夫到另一个城市出差时她竟然放声大哭。After the play we all headed for the bar. 看完戏后我们都去了酒吧。The thirsty animals headed for the water. 干渴的动物向水走去。注：在某些名词之后也通常用介词 for(有时也用 to) 表示方向或目的地。如：Is this the train for [to] Paris? 这是开往巴黎的火车吗?Passengers for Oxford must change at Didcot. 前往牛津的旅客必须在迪德考特换车。almost和nearly的用法区别1. almost [nearly] 都可用来修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等，此时两者常可换用。如：My car almost [nearly] stood still because of a traffic block. 我的车子因为交通阻塞而几乎动弹不得。I lost my concentration and almost [nearly] drove into a bridge. 我走神了，驾车时几乎撞上了一座桥。It is almost [nearly] late for you to catch the last bus. 天晚了，你快赶不上末班公共汽车了。With so much loud music, conversation was almost [nearly] impossible. 音乐声那么大，几乎没法交谈。We almost [nearly] came to blows over what colour our new carpet should be. 我们为了用什么颜色的新地毯险些打了起来。要注意它们与被修饰词的位置关系。比较并体会以下正误句子：据说这个报社平均每天要收到百来篇来稿。正：It's said that the paper receive an average of nearly 100 articles a day.误：It's said that the paper nearly receive an average of 100 articles a day.另外，再比较：Everything was almost double the normal price. 样样东西几乎都是平时价格的两倍。Almost everything was double the normal price. 几乎样样东西都是平时价格的两倍。 2. almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定词之前，但 nearly 一般不这样用。如：He almost never remarks on how she looks. 他几乎从来不说她长相如何。He is very practical—he can make or mend almost anything. 他很能干，几乎会制造或修理任何东西。The plots in her books are very strong but there's almost no characterization. 她写的书情节性很强，可是几乎没有对人物的塑造。How am I expected to conjure up a meal for six of his friends with almost nothing in the fridge? 冰箱里几乎甚么都没有，我怎么可能给他的六个朋友变出一顿饭来？Tolerant of human frailty in whatever form, she almost never judged people. 她对人性的各种弱点都能够包容，几乎从不评价他人。His father found him a cushy job in the office, with almost nothing to do and a whacking great salary. 他父亲给他在事务所找到了一份轻松舒适的工作，几乎什么都不用做，工资还极高。但是，两者都可用在否定动词之前。如：He almost [nearly] didn't catch the bus. 他差点没赶上公共汽车。 3. nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰，但 almost 之前不能用这些词。如：There are not nearly enough members present to hold a meeting. 出席的会员远没有达到可以开会的人数。The shock of Pat's death pretty nearly killed Roy. 帕特的死几乎毁了罗伊。They very nearly succeeded in blowing up the parliament building. 他们只差一点儿炸毁议会大厦。 4. 有时 almost 可表示十分相似(但又不完全相同)，此时不用 nearly。如：I almost wish I'd stayed at home. 我真有点后悔没在家里呆着。Our cat understand everything—he's almost human. 我们这只猫什么都懂—— 快通人性了。as long as 与only if 辨析一、基本用法的差别1. as long as 有两个意思，一是用于本义，意为“与……一样长(久)”，在否定句中，也可说成 (not) so long as；二是用于引申义，表示“只要”，用于此义时也可说成 so long as(不管是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句)。如：This river is as long as that one. 这条河与那条河一条长。He lived abroad as long as five years. 他住在国外长达五年之久。He didn't stay there as [so] long as she. 他在那儿住得不如她久。As long as it doesn't rain we can go. 只要不下雨，我们就可以去。As [So] long as you need me, I'll stay. 只要你需要我，我就留下。2. only if 可视为 if 的加强说法，即其中的 only 是修饰 if 从句的，其意为“只有在……条件下”。如：I'll tell you, but only if you don't tell anyone else. 我可以告诉你，但条件是你不能告诉其他任何人。I'll accept the bill only if you send it to my home address. 你必须把账单送到我住的地方，我才愿意偿付。二、语气上的差别从语气上看，only if 的语气要比as long as 强，as long as 通常只是用于提出一个条件，与if 的意思比较接近；而only if 引出的从句内容则通常暗示它是主句内容的唯一条件，含有“只有……才……”“只有在……的时候”“……唯一的条件是……”之意。比较：As long as you do your best, we'll be happy. 只要你尽力，我们就满意了You can borrow the book as long as you keep it clean. 只要你不把书弄脏，这书你就可以借。We can succeed only if everyone in the team pulls his weight. 我们全队只有人人各尽所能才能取得成功。The coach stops at the principal hotels to pick up tourists, but only if they arrange this in advance. 大客车到各主要的旅馆来接观光者，但条件是必须事先安排好。三、动词搭配上的差别在许多情况下，as long as 与 only if 均可用，只是语气有强弱之分。但是，当主句和从句的谓语动词均为短暂性动词时，通常只用 only if，而不用 as long as。如：你只有请他，他才会来。误：He will come as long as you ask him.正：He will come only if you ask him.析：此句中的 only if 不能用 as long as 代替，因为动词 ask 与 come 均短暂性动词。四、词序上的差别两者均可引导从句置于主句之后，也可置于主句之前。但是，当only if 引导的状语从句置于主句之前时，其后的主句要用倒装语序，而且 as long as 引导的从句置于主句之前不用倒装。如：As long as it doesn't rain we can play. 只要不下雨，我们就能玩。As long as you're happy, it doesn't matter what you do. 只要你高兴，你做什么都没关系。Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room. 只有得到教师的允许，学生才可以进这间屋。Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees. 只要红灯一亮，就表示有危及职工的险情。五、注意 only if 与 if only 的差别only if 意为“只要”，可视为 if 的加强说法。而 if only 有两个意思，一是表示“只要”，此时通常与陈述语气连用，与 only if 用法相似；二是表示“但愿”“要是……就好了”，此时多与虚拟语气连用。如：I will come only if you promise not to invite Mary. 只要你答应不请玛丽，我就来。If only it clears up, we'll go. 只要天晴，我们就去。If only I was rich. 要是我很有钱就好了。If only I hadn't told him about it. 要是我没有告诉他这事就好了。It's a good plan, if only we could carry it out. 那是个不错的计划，但愿我们能实现它。bath与bathe用法比较1. bath的用法(1) 用作名词，一般指在室内的浴室或浴缸里“洗澡”，是可数名词；英国英语和美国英语都用它，但搭配上稍有差别，英国英语多用have a bath，而美国英语多用take a bath。如：I shall have [take] a hot bath and go to bed. 我洗个热水澡就将上床睡觉了。(2) 用作动词，也指在室内的浴室或浴缸里“洗澡”，只用于英国英语中；在美国英语中一般不这样用，要表示类似用法美国人会用bathe。如：I bath（英）[bathe（美）] every night. 我每晚洗澡。She bathed in cold water winter and summer. 不论寒暑她都用凉水洗澡。但是，即使在英国英语中，bath用作动词是比较正式的用法，在非正式文体中，人们通常会用have a bath或take a bath。另外，在英国英语中，bath还可用作及物动词，后接宾语，但在美国中英语中则用bathe。如：It's your turn to bath [bathe] the baby. 该你给孩子洗澡了。2. bathe的用法(1) 用作名词，指到室外的河里或海里等“游泳”，主要用于英国英语中，属比较正式的用法。如：It's a sunny day. Let's go for a bathe. 今天天气晴朗，咱们游泳去吧。(2) 用作动词，也指到室外的河里或海里等“游泳”，也主要用于英国英语中。如：On hot days we often bathe [go bathing] in the river. 天热时我们常在河里[去河里]游泳。该用法属比较正式的用法，在非正式文体里，一般说have a swim, go for a swim, go swimming, 或者就说swim。如：Let's go for a swim in the river. 咱们下河游泳吧。另外，在美国英语中，bathe经常用来表示“洗澡”，相当于英国英语中的bath。如：I always bathe（美）[bath（英）] before I go to bed. 我睡觉前总要洗个澡。3. bathe无论在英国英语还是美国英语中，都可以表示用水冲洗身上疼痛的部位，此时为及物动词。如：The nurse bathed the wound. 护士冲洗伤口。The doctor told him to bathe his eyes twice a day. 医生叫他每天洗眼两次。4. 汉语说“日光浴”，说成英语是sunbathe，不是sunbath。如：I like to sunbathe in the morning when the sun is not so hot. 我喜欢在早晨阳光不太强烈时沐日常浴。常用词any的用法归纳1. 用作形容词或代词，主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件从句，用以代替相应肯定句中的 some。当any用于否定句时，按英语习惯，它只能出现在否定词之后，而不能在否定词之前。如：No one took the slightest notice of him. 没人对他有任何注意。谁也没有祝贺我生日快乐。误：Any one didn’t wish me a happy birthday.正：No one wished me a happy birthday.2. any若用于肯定句，则表示“任何”之意。如：Any one of the plans will do. 这些计划中的任何一个都行。Any dictionary will give you the meaning of these words. 只要是本词典，就会给出这些词的词义。3. any 表示“任何”，指三者或三者以上的任何一个，不能指两者中的任意一个；若指两者中的任意一个，要用 either。如：道路两旁商店林立。误：There are stores on any side of the street.正：There are stores on either side of the street.4. 有时用作副词，用在比较级之前表示程度（主要用于否定句或疑问句）。如：Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好点儿了吗？It isn’t safe to go any farther in this fog. 在这大雾里再往前走是不安全的。that与which的区别两者都可指物，常可互换。其区别主要在于：1. 引导非限制性定语从句时，通常要用which：The current, which is very rapid, makes the river da网上商务英语口语培训班哪里好，我觉得这家不错啊ngerous.水流湍急，使这条河很危险。He has to work on现在孩子学习在线儿童英语是趋势来着，很多家长都不想孩子输在起跑线上Sundays, which he doesn't like.他得在星期天工作，他是不喜欢这样的。The London team, which played so well last season, has done badly this season.伦敦队上一个季度打得很好，这个季度却打得很差。2. 直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常要用which：She may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her.她可能晚到，那样我们就要等等她。The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已找到了。This morning some port wine came, for which I have to thank you.今天早上送来一些波尔图葡萄酒，为此我得向你道谢。注：有时“介词+which”引导的定语从句可以转换成“介词+which+不定式”结构：He had only the long nights in which he could study. =He had only the long nights in which to study.他只有漫漫长夜可用来学习。He had a couple of revolvers with which he could defend himself.= He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself.他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。3. 当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much, little,none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等时，通常用that：All that she lacked was training.她缺的只是训练。Have you everything that you need?你需要的东西都有了吗?The sleeping man's subconscious mind retained everything that was said around him.这位酣睡的人头脑的下意识能记住他周围的人说的话。She would never do anything that was not approved of by her parents.她父母不赞同的事她绝不会做。4. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时，通常用that：This is the only example that I know.我知道的例子只有这一个。Those are the very words that he used.那是他的原话。5. 当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时，通常用that：This is the best dictionary that I've ever used.这是我用过的最好的词典。The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan.你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。6. 当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，通常用that：China is not the country(that) it was.中国已不是过去的中国了。7. 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时，通常用that：They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them.他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。8. 当要避免重复时：Which is the course that we are to take?我们选哪门课程?young,youngster,youth的区别及例题young/youngster/ youth 辨析：这组词都有“青年，年轻人”的意思。其区别是young是形容词，它可以和man, woman, person等连用，表示“男霄年”“女青年”青年人”；它还可以和定冠词连用，从而名词化，表示据有年轻这一特征的人。youngster是可数名词，尤指天真活泼的男孩和少年。youth是青年男女的统称，它除了用作集体名词外，还可用作普通可数名词，尤指十多岁的男青年、小伙子，有时含有贬义。例如：She looks young for her year.她看起来比她的岁数年轻。Jack is a lively youngster.杰克是个活泼的少年。He rode the youngster on his back.他让小孩骑在他背上。The youth of our country have lofty ideas. 我们国家的青年有崇高的理想She was being chatted up by a youth when I arrived on the scene我一到那儿正好撞见有个小伙子在和地搭讪。测试：用 young, youngster或 youth的适当形式填空：①The _______ man graduated from a prestigious university.@The fight was started by some _______who had been drinking③ These_______are advancing towards maturity.(答案:① young ② youths ③youngsters)afford的两点用法1. 与 can, be able to 等连用，表示“担负得起”某事或某物的费用、损失、后果等，或表示“抽得出”时间等，后面通常可接名词、代词、不定式等（多用于否定句或疑问句）。如：I can’t afford (to buy) a new coat. 我没钱买件新外衣。He can’t afford the time for it. 他抽不出时间来做此事。He says he really can’t afford to wait another day. 他说他确实一天也不能再等了。2. 表示“提供”“给予”，其后可以接双宾语（直接宾语通常为抽象概念），若双宾语交换位置，要用介词 to（此时无需连用 can, be able to等）。如：他的来访给我们带来极大的快乐。正：His visit affords us great pleasure.正：His visit affords great pleasure to us.waste的用法与搭配1. 用作动词，表示“浪费”，注意以下句型与结构：(1) 用于 waste time (money) on [over, upon] sth，表示“在……方面浪费时间（金钱）”。如：I don't think we need waste much time on this. 我想我们不必在这上面浪费时间了。Don't waste any more time over it. 不要再在这上面浪费时间了。(2) 用于 waste time (money) (in, on) doing sth，表示“浪费时间（金钱）做某事”。如：She wasted her time and money (on) paying bribes. 她将时间和金钱浪费于贿赂。We wasted a whole afternoon (in) trying to repair the car. 我们浪费了整整一下午的时间想把汽车修理好。waste 之后也可接除 time, money 之外的名词作宾语。如：Don't waste your efforts on helping him. 不要白费力气去帮他。I'm not going to waste any more words on the subject. 我不想在这个问题上多费唇舌了。2. waste也可用作名词，表示“浪费”，不可数，但可连用不定冠词。如：The policy is aimed at reducing waste. 这项政策旨在减少浪费。It's a waste of time your talking to him. 你和他谈话是白费时间。It was mere waste of breath to argue with him. 和他辩论不过是白费气力。另外，它还可表示“废料”“废物”等，也不可数。如：Waste from the body passes out from the bowels. 身体中的废物由肠道排出。Industrial waste must be prevented from polluting our rivers. 必须阻止工业废料污染我们的江河。Where do you put your kitchen waste? 你把厨房里的垃圾放在哪里?3. 有时还可用作形容词，表示“无用的”“废弃的”等。如：He threw it away, thinking it was waste paper. 他把它扔掉，以为它是废纸。He made a considerable fortune selling waste materials. 他靠卖废料发了大财。me too与me either的用法区别me too的用法口语中说me too，其意为“我也一样”，主要用于延续前面的肯定信息。如：“I like potato chips.”“Me too.”“我喜欢吃薯条。”“我也是。”“I’m going home.”“Me too.”“我要回家了。”“我也是。”类似地，若语义需要还可以说us too。如：“I’m glad it’s Friday.”“Us too!”“我很高兴今天是星期五。”“我们也高兴!”me either的用法口语中说me either或me neither，其意均表示“我也不……”，主要用于延续前面的否定信息（两者一般可互换）。如：“I can’t swim.”“Me either.”“我不会游泳。”“我也不会。”“I don’t want to go to a political meeting”“Me neither!”“我不想参加政治集会。”“我也不想!”TOO…TO…句型讲解It's too hard to understand spoken English. 理解英语口语太难了。（Unit 1, P2）◆too…to…意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义，too为副词，后接形容词或副词的原级，to后接动词原形。如：The child is too young to go to school.这个孩子太小而不能去上学。◆Too…to…可以转化为“so…that…”/“not…enough to…”结构，但要注意“not…enough to…”结构与“too…to…”结构中形容词的意思相反如：He's so young that he can't take care of himself.=He isn't old enough to take care of himself.=He's too young to take care of himself.他太小了照顾不了自己elder,eldest与older,oldest的用法区别区别一：old 通常的比较级和最高级分别是 older, oldest。可用于人或物，可用作表语或定语，可与 than 连用。如：He is older than me. 他比我年纪大。I'm two years older than he. 我比他大两岁。The cathedral is the oldest building in the city. 这座教堂是城里最古老的建筑。区别二：elder 与 eldest 主要用于家人之间表明长幼关系。通常只用于人而不用于物，只用作定语而不用作表语，也不与 than 连用。如：This is my eldest son (daughter). 这是我的大儿子(女)。His elder brother (sister) works in a clothing factory. 他哥哥(姐姐)在一家服装厂工作。注：在美国英语中，也可用 older, oldest 表示长幼关系。如：older brother 哥哥 oldest daughter 最大的女儿elder 与 eldest 的区别是：前者指两者中年纪较大的, 而后者指三者或三者以上的年纪最大的。如：one's elder son 指两个儿子中年纪较大的一个one's eldest son 指三个或三个以上的儿子中年纪最大的一个区别三：elder 和 eldest 作为形容词，通常只能用作定语，不用作表语；但若不是用作形容词(即其后不接名词)而是用作名词，则可以用作表语(此时通常有冠词或物主代词修饰)。如：Jim is my eldest. 吉姆是我最大的孩子。I'm the eldest in the family. 我是全家年纪最大的。He was the elder of the two sons. 他是两个儿子中较大的。He is my elder by two years. / He is two years older than I. 他比我大两岁。if与whether的10点区别1. 引导主语从句并在句首时不用if。如：Whether we go there is not decided. 我们是否去那里还没决定。2. 引导表语从句时不用if。如：The question is whether we can get there on time. 问题是我们能否按时到达那里。3. 引导同位语从句时不用if。如：He asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. 他问我这个问题，那项工作是否值得做。4. 在介词后引导宾语从句不用if。如：I’m thinking about whether we’ll have a meeting. 我在考虑我们是否要开个会。5. 直接与not连用时不用if。如：I don’t know whether or not you will go. 我不知道你是否去。6. 宾语从句置于句首时不用if。如：Whether you have met George before, I can’t remember. 我不记得你以前是否见过乔治。7. 在discuss等之后时不用if。如：We’re discussing whether we’ll go on a picnic. 我们在讨论是否要去野餐。8. 当用if会引起歧义时不用if。如：Please let me know whether you are busy. 请告诉我你是否忙。(若用if，还可理解为“如果你很忙，你就告诉我。”9. 在动词不定式前用whether不用if。如：He doesn’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否去。10. 宾语从句是否定式时不用whether。如：She asked me if Tom didn’t come. 她问我Tom是不是没有来。most 与 most of 的区别most与most of的区别在许多情况下与所修饰的名词是否带有限定词（如冠词、指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格等）有关，具体说来，应注意以下几点：1. 若所修饰的名词前没有限定词，通常要用most，不用most of。如：Most people agree with me. 多数人同意我的意见。Most cheese is made from cow’s milk. 奶酪大都是用牛奶做的。Most people work from nine to five. 大多数人从9点工作到5点。但是，在习惯上不带冠词的专有名词（如人名和地名等）或抽象名词（如学科名词等）前，要用most of，不用most。如：Most of George seemed to be covered with hair. 乔治身上好像大部分地方都长毛。Most of Wales was without electricity last night. 昨天夜里，威尔士多数地区都停电了。2. 若所修饰的名词前带有限定词，则用most of，不能只用most。如：Most of my friends live abroad. 我的朋友大多数住在国外。Most of the people here know each other. 这里大多数人互相认识。He’s eaten two pizzas and most of a cold chicken. 他吃了两张比萨饼和大半只冷鸡。Most of those workers have still been unable to find jobs. 这批工人中大多数仍未能找到工作。注意要不按汉语思维电影，将限定词放在most之前。如：误：My most friends live abroad.误：The most people here know each other.误：He’s eaten two pizzas and a most cold chicken.误：Those most workers have still been unable to find jobs.对于可数名词来说，如果是单数形式，不能直接在其前使用most，而应使用“most of+限定词+单数可数名词”的形式。如：Narrative makes up most of the book. 记叙文占书的大部分。You’ve got most of the bed as usual. 你跟往常一样占了大半张床。The hen sits for most of the day. 这只母鸡整天大部分时间都在抱窝。It was wet and windy for most of the week. 一周大半时间都是又下雨又刮风。3. 若直接用在代词之前，要用most of，不用most。如：Most of us thought he was wrong. 我们大多数人认为他错了。Most of them probably eat too much meat. 他们大多数人都吃太多的肉了。He has a lot of free time—he spends most of it in the garden. 他空闲时间很多——大都消磨在花园里了。注意，在关系代词前也只能用most of，不用most。如：The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。I have a number of American relatives, most of whom live in Texas. 我有一些美国亲戚，他们大都住在得克萨斯。另外，在连接代词what引导的从句前也是用most of，不用most。如：I learned most of what I know about gardening through trial and error. 我的大部分园艺知识都是通过不断摸索学到的。4. 如果意思明确，most后所修饰的名词可以省略，但most of后所修饰的名词永远不能省略，也就是说，如果是不修饰名词而单独使用，只能用most，不用most of。如：A few people were killed in the fire, but most were saved. 在那场火灾中，有几个人被烧死，但大部分人都得救了。Some potatoes have been harvested, but most are still in the ground. 一些土豆已经收获了，但大多数仍然在地里。5. most (of) …用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据它所修饰或代表的名词的数来确定。如：Most of her books were stolen. 她的大部分书被偷走了。Most of her money was stolen. 她的大部分钱被走偷了。6. most与most of修饰名词时有时在含义上有差别，即前者多表示泛指，后者多表示特指。比较：Most people like to spend Christmas at home. 多数人喜欢在家里过圣诞节。Most of the people I know like to spend Christmas at home. 我所认识的人当中，多数人喜欢在家里过圣诞节。如何回答Would you mind...?如何回答Would you mind...? 请看下面的题：—Would you mind if I smoke here?—__________.A. Yes, please B. No, please don’tC. Sorry, please D. Sorry, please don’t此题应选D。容易误选A。本题主要涉及Would you mind...? 这一口语句型的回答问题。对于Would you mind...? 这一口语句型的回答请注意以下几点。如：对该句型的回答，本质上是针对mind的回答，所以。如：a. 肯定回答＝介意(mind)＝不同意b. 否定回答＝不介意(not mind)＝同意1. 表示不同意时，通常的回答有(有时为了使语气委婉，通常不直接用Yes)。如：Yes, I do mind. 是的，我很介意。Please don’t...请不要……Better not, please. 请最好不要……I’d rather you didn’t. 我宁愿你不……I’m sorry, but...很抱歉，最好(别)……等等。2. 表示同意的通常回答有：Oh, no, please. 不介意，有请。No, not at all. 不介意，一点不介意。Not at all. 一点也不介意。Of course not. 当然不介意。No, go ahead. 不介意，你请吧。as much as表示数量的两种用法一、表示具体的数量其后通常接有具体数量，其意为“……之多”“多达”“整整”，强调“多”。如：In fact it cost me as much as 100 dollars. 事实上，它整整花了我100美元。We walked as much as 50 miles that day. 那天我们整整走了50英里。She trained hard for the race, sometimes running as much as 60 miles a week. 为了比赛，他拼命地训练，有时一个星期要跑60英里。—Is it hot up there? 那上面热吗？—Of course, as much as 45 degrees. 当然热，高达45度。The speed can vary by as much as 15per cent. 其速度的差别可高达15%。注：如上例所示，as much as 用于表示具体的数量时，其后接的可能是可数名词，但由于它们意义上仍然为不可数，故用as much as，不用as many as。如100 dollars，尽管其中的dollars为可数名词的复数形式，由于100 dollars仍是一个不可数的概念，仍是不可数的。但是下面这句是错的：I read as much as 100 articles today. 因为这里的100 articles表示的是可数概念，故应改为：I read as many as 100 articles. 二、表示模糊的数量其意为“与……一样多”，有时much后可接被修饰的名词(不可数)。如：I ate as much as I could. 我能吃多少就吃了多少。I'll spend as much as necessary. 需要花多少钱，我就花多少钱。Give me as much as you gave Jane. 给我的要和你给简的一样多。I haven't got as much money as I thought. 我不像原来想象的有那么多钱。I'm sorry I haven't done as much as I should. 我很抱歉，我做得很不够。Some of the doctors are paid almost twice as much as the nurses. 有些医生所获得的报酬差不多是护士的两倍。We can take as much as our buyer can supply. 买主能提供多少我们就能要多少。If you charge as much as that, you'll scare customers off. 如果你要价那么高，你会把顾客吓跑的。able与ability用法辨析一、able1. 表示“有能力的”“能干的”，可用作表语或定语。如：He is an able manager. 他是位有能力的经理。He is old but still able. 他虽年老，但仍有很能干。2. 通常用于 be able to do sth结构，其意为“能做某事”“会做某事”。如：He is able to speak English. 他会说英语。Everyone here is able to type. 这儿的每一个人都会打字。He will be able to get about in a week or two. 再过一两个星期左右他就能走动了。He studied hard and was able to pass his examinations. 他学习很努力，所以考试及了格。be able to 不仅有多种时态形式（通常不用于进行时或与 be going to 连用），而且还可以与某些情态动词连用（通常不与 can 连用），甚至还可以有非谓语形式。如：Since his accident he hasn't been able to leave the house. 自出事之后，他一直未能离开家。You might be able to persuade him. 你也许能够说服他。I hope to be able to do the work. 我希望能干得了这项工作。I regret not being able to help her. 我很遗憾未能帮助她。 二、ability1. 表示抽象意义的“能力”，为不可数名词。如：He is a man of ability. 他是位有能力的人。He is behind the others in ability. 他在能力上比别人差。若表示不同种类的能力，则可以用复数。如：listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities 听说读写能力Men and women have similar abilities and needs. 男人和女人的能力和需要是相似的。侧重指智慧、天资、天分等方面的意义时，可数或不可数均可能，有时还可用复数形式。如：The girl has a great musical ability 这女孩很有音乐天才。Everyone admired his abilities. 大家都敬佩他的才能。2. 表示有能力做某事或具有做某事的能力等，其后通常要接不定式。如：He has the ability to speak English fluently. 他能流利地说英语。The ability to be clearly heard is extremely important for newsreaders. 声音宏亮清晰对新闻广播员来说极为重要。按英语习惯，ability一般不接of doing sth，但有时可接in doing sth。如：She has great ability in teaching English 她很有教英语的能力。This与That用法对比1. this 表示“这”，指较近的人或物；that 表示“那”，指较远的人或物。如：I want this book, not that book. 我要这本书，不是那本书。This rope is longer than that one. 这根绳子比那根长。2. 用来回指上文提到的事情时，两者都可以。如：They're students, not teachers. You know this [that], of course. 他们是学生，不是老师，这点你当然清楚。John had a bad cold. That [This] was why he didn't turn up. 约翰患了重感冒，这（那）就是他没有来的原因。若要指下文叙述的事情，通常要用 this。如：I want to know this: Is he healthy? 我想知道这一点：他是否很健康。3. 在打电话时，通常用 this 指自己，用 that 指对方。如：Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂，我是吉姆，你是约翰吗?但在美国英语中指对方时也可用 this。4. 两者都可用作副词，与形容词或副词连用，其义为“这么”“那么”（=so）。如：It isn't all that cold. 还没冷到那种程度。I didn't realize she was that ill. 我没想到她病得那么重。The book is about this thick. 那本书大约有这么厚。I didn't think it would be this easy. 我没想到会这样容易。