2022年高考英语语法提升-- - 句子种类学案

这是一份2022年高考英语语法提升-- - 句子种类学案，共10页。
按目的分类
1.按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1）陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。例如：
Light travels faster than sund. 光比声传播速度快。（说明事实）
The film is rather bring. 这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）
2）疑问句（Interrgative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种：
a. 一般疑问句（General Questins）：
Can yu finish the wrk in time? 你能按时完成工作吗？
b. 特殊疑问句（Wh-Questins）：
Where d yu live? 你住那儿？
c. 选择疑问句（Alternative Questins）：
D yu want tea r cffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？
d. 反意疑问句（Tag-Questins）：
He desn't knw her, des he? 他不认识她，对不对？
3）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令。例如：
Dn't be nervus! 别紧张！
4）感叹句（Exclamatry Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。例如：
What gd news it is! 多好的消息啊！
按结构分类
1）简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。例如：
She is fnd f cllecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。
2）并列句（Cmpund Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如：
The fd was gd, but he had little appetite. 食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。
3）复合句（Cmplex Sentences）：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导。例如：
The film had begun when we gt t the cinema. 我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。
基本句型
英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：
1）主 + 动（SV）例如：I wrk. 我工作。
2）主 + 动 + 表（SVP）例如：Jhn is busy. 约翰忙。
3）主 + 动 + 宾（SVO）例如：She studies English. 她学英语。
4）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）例如：Time wuld prve me right. 时间会证明我是对的。
5）主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVOiOd）例如：My mther made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
简单句
一.概念
(一)简单句
由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)所构成的句子叫简单句，其结构是主语+ 谓语。
(二)并列句
由并列连词把两个或两个以上的互相关连而又互相独立的独句(即简单句)连在一起而构成的句子叫并列句。其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句
常用的连词有and, but, r nt als, ,
二.相关知识点精讲
(一)简单句
1.主语、谓语在人称与数上的一致性。
and连接两个并列主语时为复数，谓语动词也相应地使用复数形式，但：
(1)如果and连接的两个名词是不可数名词且前面都没有冠词，若两个词表示一个事物或一个概念，谓语动词要用单数；如果两个词表示的是两个事物或两个概念，谓语动词则要用复数。
(2)如果and连接的是两个可数单数名词，前一个有冠词，后一个没有冠词，意味着一个人或 事物，谓语动词要用单数。
(3)当and连接的两个名词前都有each，every，many a，n等单数概念的限定词修饰时(第二个名词前的修饰词有时可以省略)，谓语动词要用单数。
并列句
并列句分为:联合并列句,转折并列句,选择并列句和因果并列句
1. 联合并列句常由并列词and, nt nly…but als…..等连接
如: Use yur hand, and yu’ll find a way.
2. 转折并列句常由并列连词but, while, yet, whereas, nevertheless等连接
如:I wuld lve t have gne t the
注:2,3,4点内容不在这里介绍,讲参阅相关章节
party last night but I had t wrk extra hurs t finish a reprt.
3. 选择疑问句常由并列连词r, therwise, either…r…,等连接
如:Either yu leave this huse r I’ll call the plice
4. 因果并列句由并列连词s, fr, therefre 等连接.
如: it was late, s we went hme.
5. 在”祈使句+and/r+陈述句”结构中,当前后两部分间为承接关系时,用and;前后意思为相反关系时,用r.可将前面的祈使句转换成由if引导的条件状语从句,但必须将and 或r 去掉.
如: Hurry up, and we’ll be there in time.= If we hurry up, we’ll be there in time.
6. because和s; althugh, thugh和but 不能连用
专项练习一
1. I dn’t suppse anyne will vlunteer,＿＿＿?
A. d I B. dn’t I C. will they D. wn’t they
2. ＿＿＿help if yu can, and ur cuntry will imprve mre quickly and better.
A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. T give
3.—— Lucy, yu wash the dishes,＿＿＿ ?
—— Mm, can’t Lily d it? It’s her turn t d it.
A. dn’t yu B. can yu C. shall yu D. will yu
4. —— I will nt take an umbrella with me tday.
— ＿＿＿＿＿it rains later n in the day?
A. Hw B. What C. Hw abut D. What if
5. —— Yu ught t stay up late tnight,＿＿＿＿ yu?
—— Yes. I’ve gt t much hmewrk.
A. can’t B. shuldn’t C. mustn’t D. wn’t
6. Nthing can stp us frm serving the peple heart and sul,＿＿＿＿?
A. can it B. can’t it C. can they D. can’t they
7. There used t be a church in the small twn,＿＿＿＿＿?
A. used there B. usedn’t there
C. used it D. usedn’t it
8.—— She isn’t yur neighbur, is she?
—— ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
A. Yes, she isn’t B. N, she is
C. Yes, she is D. N, isn’t she
9.—— ＿＿＿＿＿＿ t be a PLA sldier when I was yung.
—— And nw yu are.
A. Hw I wanted B. Hw did I want
C. What I wanted D. What did I want
10. Recently I bught an ancient Chinese vase,＿＿＿＿was very reasnable.
A. which price B. the price f which
C. its price D. the price f that
11. After ten years, she changed a lt and lked different frm＿＿＿she used t be.
A. that B. whm C. what D. wh
12. ＿＿＿＿is knwn t everyne, the mn travels rund the earth nce every mnth.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
13. He’s gt himself int a dangerus situatin＿＿＿he is likely t lse cntrl ver the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
14. Infrmatin has been put frward＿＿＿mre middle schl graduates will be admitted int universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
15. What the dctrs really dubt is＿＿＿＿my mther will recver frm the serius disease sn.
A. when B. hw C. whether D. what
专项练习二
16. The students f the music schl study ＿＿＿＿.
A. music but als sme ther subjects
B. sme ther subjects as well as music
C. music as well as sme ther subjects
D. sme ther subjects and music
17. ＿＿＿air is t man, s is water t fish.
A. Since B. Just C. Like D. As
18. There is plenty f rain in the suth ＿＿ there is little in the nrth.
A. while B. as C. when D. s
19. ＿＿＿several times abut it, but he culd nt give the crrect answer.
A. Being asked B. Having been asked
C. He wuld ask D. He had been asked
20. —— I dn’t like chicken ＿＿＿ fish.
—— I dn’t like chicken,＿＿＿I like fish very much.
A. and； and B. and； but C. r； but D. r； and
21. ＿＿＿the days went n, the situatin there gt wrse.
A. With B. Since C. While D. As
22. ＿＿＿everybdy is here, let’s set ut right away.
A. Nw that B. Because C. Fr D. After
23. The science f medicine,＿＿＿prgress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the mst imprtant f all the sciences.
A. t which B. in which C. which D. with which
24. We must d the experiment carefully ＿＿＿Miss Liu tld us.
A. what B. since C. as D. while
25. Tny will never frget these days ＿＿＿she lived in China with her mther,＿＿＿has a great effect n her life.
A. that； which B. when； which
C. which； that D. when； that
26. ＿＿＿I knw, they went t Beijing t watch the Winter Olympic Games in 2022.
A. Since B. S far as C. In case D. As if
27. Wh d yu think the dctr will have＿＿＿first, Jhn r Kate?
A. examine B. t examine
C. examining D. examined
28. —— What are yu anxius abut?
—— ＿＿＿＿＿.
A. Whether we can succeed B. If we succeed
C. D we succeed D. That we can succeed
29. Yu shuld put the dictinary ＿＿＿yu can find it easily.
A. where B. the place
C. the place n which D. what
30. She said t me, “I’ll tell yu the result f the test＿＿＿I knw it. ”
A. because B. the mment C. after D. thugh
专项练习三
31. Grandpa used t tell us smething abut the “Cultural Revlutin” ＿＿＿he had time t spare.
A. as sn as B. as C. s that D. whenever
32. Li Fang is very busy,＿＿＿she’s always helping thers with their lessns.
A. but B. althugh C. s D. fr
33. Getting a right jb can be difficult ＿＿＿the students＿＿＿ prepared t deal with the jb interview.
A. if；wn’t B. unless；will
C. unless；are D. if；are
34. Everything depends n＿＿they will supprt yu abut it.
A. if B. which C. whether D. that
35. She wn the first prize in the speech cntest and＿＿＿ surprised us.
A. which B. it C. as D. wh
36. The Oscar is ne f the film prizes ＿＿ffered t any Chinese actr r actress s far.
A. which is nt B. that have nt been
C. that has nt D. that has nt been
37. He made anther wnderful discvery,＿＿＿ f great imprtance t science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think is
38. It’s really very dangerus. One mre step,＿＿＿the baby will fall int the well.
A. r B. s C. but D. and
39. She is American,＿＿＿ she knws little abut American histry.
A. s B. yet C. and D. therefre
40. Infrmatin technlgy is taught in mst schls,＿＿＿we have entered the infrmatin sciety.
A. s B. while C. still D. fr
41.—— Helen must bey her parents.
—— Oh, she must,＿＿ ?
A. must she B. mustn’t she
C. shuldn’t she D. shuld she
42. Jhn must be in the chemistry lab,＿＿＿ ?
A. mustn’t he B. needn’t he
C. isn’t he D. shuldn’t he
43. It was quite a lng time＿＿＿ I made it ut what had happened.
A. after B. befre C. when D. since
44. ＿＿the text a secnd time, the meaning will becme clearer t yu.
A. Read B. Reading
C. If reading D. When yu read
专项练习四及答案
45. ＿＿＿des he d his wrk well,＿＿＿ he helps thers with their wrk.
A. Nt nly；but als B. Neither；nr
C. Either；r D. Bth；and
46. ＿＿,s he didn’t cme t schl last week.
A. Thugh he was ill B. Being ill
C. Having been ill D. He was ill
47. She tried every way ＿＿＿ she culd find t slve the prblem.
A. hw B. in which C. that D. which
48. Lily has sme idea ＿＿＿ she’s ging t be when she grws up.
A. what B. that C. as D. which
49. T play fair is as imprtant as ＿＿＿＿,I think.
A. t play well B. play well
C. we play well D. playing well
50. ＿＿＿yu g, yu shuld bear the mtherland in mind.
A. Where B. Whenever
C. Hwever D. Wherever
四.答案
1-10 CBDDBABCAB 11-20 CBABCBDADC 21-30 DABCBBDAAB
31-40 DACCBBADBD 41-50 ACBDADCAAD